DOCSLIB.ORG

National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey 2010 Summary Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2010 Summary Report Executive Summary Michele C. Black, Kathleen C. Basile, Matthew J. Breiding, Sharon G. Smith, Mikel L. Walters, Melissa T. Merrick, Jieru Chen, and Mark R. Stevens Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Thomas R. Frieden, MD, MPH, Director National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Linda C. Degutis, DrPH, MSN, Director Division of Violence Prevention Howard R. Spivak, MD, Director November 2011 National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia Suggested Citation: Black, M.C., Basile, K.C., Breiding, M.J., Smith, S.G., Walters, M.L., Merrick, M.T., Chen, J., & Stevens, M.R. (2011). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey | 2010 Summary Report | Executive Summary 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sexual violence, stalking, and violence, stalking, and intimate of data collection, and are based intimate partner violence are partner violence on complete interviews. Complete major public health problems in • Who is most likely to experience interviews were obtained from the United States. Many survivors these forms of violence 16,507 adults (9,086 women and of these forms of violence can 7,421 men). The relative standard • The patterns and impact of the experience physical injury, mental error (RSE), which is a measure violence experienced by specific health consequences such as of an estimate’s reliability, was perpetrators depression, anxiety, low self- calculated for all estimates in this esteem, and suicide attempts, • The health consequences of report. If the RSE was greater than and other health consequences these forms of violence 30%, the estimate was deemed such as gastrointestinal disorders, unreliable and is not reported. substance abuse, sexually trans- The National Intimate Partner Consideration was also given to mitted diseases, and gynecological and Sexual Violence Survey is an the case count. If the estimate or pregnancy complications. These ongoing, nationally represen- was based on a numerator ≤ 20, consequences can lead to hospital- tative random digit dial (RDD) the estimate is also not reported. ization, disability, or death. telephone survey that collects Estimates for certain types of information about experiences violence reported by subgroups of Our understanding of these forms of sexual violence, stalking, and men such as rape victimization by of violence has grown substantially intimate partner violence among racial/ethnic group are not shown over the years. However, timely, non-institutionalized English and/ because the number of men in ongoing, and comparable national or Spanish-speaking women and these subgroups reporting rape and state-level data are lacking. men aged 18 or older in the United was too small to calculate a reliable Less is also known about how States. NISVS provides detailed estimate. These tables are included these forms of violence impact information on the magnitude in the report so that the reader specific populations in the United and characteristics of these forms can easily determine what was States or the extent to which rape, of violence for the nation and for assessed and where gaps remain. stalking, or violence by a romantic individual states. or sexual partner are experienced Key Findings in childhood and adolescence. This report presents information related to several types of violence Sexual Violence by CDC’s National Center for Injury that have not previously been Any Perpetrator Prevention and Control launched measured in a national population- • Nearly 1 in 5 women (18.3%) and the National Intimate Partner and based survey, including types 1 in 71 men (1.4%) in the United Sexual Violence Survey in 2010 with of sexual violence other than States have been raped at some the support of the National Institute rape; expressive psychological time in their lives, including of Justice and the Department of aggression and coercive control, completed forced penetration, Defense to address these gaps. and control of reproductive or attempted forced penetration, sexual health. This report also or alcohol/drug facilitated The primary objectives of the provides the first ever simultaneous completed penetration. National Intimate Partner and national and state-level prevalence • More than half (51.1%) of female Sexual Violence Survey are to estimates of violence for all states. victims of rape reported being describe: raped by an intimate partner • The prevalence and The findings presented in this and 40.8% by an acquaintance; characteristics of sexual report are for 2010, the first year for male victims, more than 2 The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey | 2010 Summary Report | Executive Summary half (52.4%) reported being or an acquaintance, 41.4% and partner (e.g., hit with a fist raped by an acquaintance 40.0%, respectively. or something hard, beaten, and 15.1% by a stranger. • Repeatedly receiving unwanted slammed against something) • Approximately 1 in 21 men telephone calls, voice, or at some point in their lifetime. (4.8%) reported that they were text messages was the most • An estimated 10.7% of women made to penetrate someone else commonly experienced stalking and 2.1% of men have been during their lifetime; most men tactic for both female and male stalked by an intimate partner who were made to penetrate victims of stalking (78.8% for during their lifetime. someone else reported that women and 75.9% for men). • Nearly half of all women and the perpetrator was either an • More than half of female victims men in the United States have intimate partner (44.8%) or an and more than one-third of male experienced psychological acquaintance (44.7%). victims of stalking indicated that aggression by an intimate • An estimated 13% of they were stalked before the partner in their lifetime (48.4% women and 6% of men have age of 25; about 1 in 5 female and 48.8%, respectively). experienced sexual coercion victims and 1 in 14 male victims • Most female and male victims of in their lifetime (i.e., unwanted experienced stalking between rape, physical violence, and/or sexual penetration after being the ages of 11 and 17. stalking by an intimate partner pressured in a nonphysical (69% of female victims; 53% of way); and 27.2% of women and Violence by an male victims) experienced some 11.7% of men have experienced Intimate Partner form of intimate partner violence unwanted sexual contact. • More than 1 in 3 women (35.6%) for the first time before 25 years • Most female victims of and more than 1 in 4 men of age. completed rape (79.6%) (28.5%) in the United States experienced their first rape have experienced rape, physical Impact of Violence by before the age of 25; 42.2% violence, and/or stalking by an an Intimate Partner experienced their first completed intimate partner in their lifetime. • Nearly 3 in 10 women and 1 rape before the age of 18 years. • Among victims of intimate in 10 men in the United States • More than one-quarter of male partner violence, more than have experienced rape, physical victims of completed rape 1 in 3 women experienced violence, and/or stalking by an (27.8%) experienced their first multiple forms of rape, stalking, intimate partner and reported rape when they were 10 years of or physical violence; 92.1% at least one impact related to age or younger. of male victims experienced experiencing these or other physical violence alone, and forms of violent behavior in the Stalking Victimization 6.3% experienced physical relationship (e.g., being fearful, by Any Perpetrator violence and stalking. concerned for safety, post • One in 6 women (16.2%) and 1 • Nearly 1 in 10 women in the traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 19 men (5.2%) in the United United States (9.4%) has been symptoms, need for health care, States have experienced stalking raped by an intimate partner in injury, contacting a crisis hotline, victimization at some point her lifetime, and an estimated need for housing services, need during their lifetime in which 16.9% of women and 8.0% of for victim’s advocate services, they felt very fearful or believed men have experienced sexual need for legal services, missed at that they or someone close to violence other than rape by an least one day of work or school). them would be harmed or killed. intimate partner at some point in • Two-thirds (66.2%) of female their lifetime. Violence Experienced victims of stalking were stalked • About 1 in 4 women (24.3%) by Race/Ethnicity by a current or former intimate and 1 in 7 men (13.8%) have • Approximately 1 in 5 Black partner; men were primarily experienced severe physical (22.0%) and White (18.8%) stalked by an intimate partner violence by an intimate non-Hispanic women, and 1 in 7 Hispanic women (14.6%) in the The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey | 2010 Summary Report | Executive Summary 3 United States have experienced rape, physical violence and/or Health Consequences rape at some point in their stalking by an intimate partner • Men and women who lives. More than one-quarter of during their lifetime. experienced rape or stalking women (26.9%) who identified by any perpetrator or physical as American Indian or as Alaska Number and Sex violence by an intimate partner Native and 1 in 3 women (33.5%) of Perpetrators in their lifetime were more likely who identified as multiracial • Across all types of violence, the to report frequent headaches, non-Hispanic reported rape majority of both female and male chronic pain, difficulty with victimization in their lifetime.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • What's the Difference Between Harassment and / Or Stalking?
    What’s the difference between Harassment and / or stalking? - The key is to think OBSESSION. Why is it difficult to separate stalking and harassment? • There are similarities in what constitutes harassment and what is stalking. • They are often discussed together and don’t separate. • There is an overlap, and some people may be a victim of both. • A lot of the abuse techniques are the same, but become stalking when used more aggressively, more threateningly and more obsessively. • There is overlap two legal definitions overlap. Definitions Stalking – Stalking is harassment that involves a course of conduct that amounts to stalking, either involving the fear of violence or involving serious alarm or distress. The protection of Freedoms Act 2012 and in the Protection from harassment Act (1997). Stalking victims may like they have their freedom curtailed and feel constantly like they need to be careful. It causes extreme alarm and distress and it is repeated abuse. Harassment - Protection from Harassment Act (1997 section 2) explains that harassment causes harm or distress, putting people in fear in any reasonable person and of fear of violence, repeated attempts of imposed communications. The key differences? Think stalking if the abuse has become an ‘obsession’, if it indicates fixation, is excessively repeated and aggressive in its nature. Data • SafeLives observed that 57% of all high risk cases of domestic abuse had stalking and harassment. Of which, over half said this was at a severe level. Only 14% said that there was no violence. • A Suzy Lampard report suggested 25% of all cases of stalking are reported to the police.
    [Show full text]
  • Asexuality: a Mixed-Methods Approach
    Arch Sex Behav (2010) 39:599–618 DOI 10.1007/s10508-008-9434-x ORIGINAL PAPER Asexuality: A Mixed-Methods Approach Lori A. Brotto Æ Gail Knudson Æ Jess Inskip Æ Katherine Rhodes Æ Yvonne Erskine Received: 13 November 2007 / Revised: 20 June 2008 / Accepted: 9 August 2008 / Published online: 11 December 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008 Abstract Current definitions of asexuality focus on sexual having to ‘‘negotiate’’ sexual activity. There were not higher attraction, sexual behavior, and lack of sexual orientation or rates of psychopathology among asexuals; however, a subset sexual excitation; however, the extent to which these defi- might fit the criteria for Schizoid Personality Disorder. There nitions are accepted by self-identified asexuals is unknown. was also strong opposition to viewing asexuality as an ex- The goal of Study 1 was to examine relationship character- treme case of sexual desire disorder. Finally, asexuals were istics, frequency of sexual behaviors, sexual difficulties and very motivated to liaise with sex researchers to further the distress, psychopathology, interpersonal functioning, and scientific study of asexuality. alexithymia in 187 asexuals recruited from the Asexuality Visibility and Education Network (AVEN). Asexual men Keywords Asexuality Á Sexual identity Á Sexual (n = 54) and women (n = 133) completed validated ques- orientation Á Sexual attraction Á Romantic attraction Á tionnaires online. Sexual response was lower than normative Qualitative methodology data and was not experienced as distressing, and masturba- tion frequency in males was similar to available data for sexual men. Social withdrawal was the most elevated per- Introduction sonality subscale; however, interpersonal functioning was in the normal range.
    [Show full text]
  • Technology, Intimate Partner Stalking and Advocacy
    A High-Tech Twist on Abuse: Technology, Intimate Partner Stalking, and Advocacy By Cindy Southworth, Shawndell Dawson, Cynthia Fraser, and Sarah Tucker Safety Net: National Safe & Strategic Technology Project at the National Network to End Domestic Violence Fund authors commissioned by Copyright © 2005 Violence Against Women Online Resources June, 2005 A High-Tech Twist on Abuse: Technology, Intimate Partner Stalking, and Advocacy Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 2 Research and Scope ....................................................................................................................... 3 The Use of Technology to Stalk ..................................................................................................... 5 Telephone Technologies ........................................................................................................ 5 Location &Surveillance Technologies ................................................................................... 6 Computer &Internet Technology ........................................................................................... 7 Advocacy Response: What Can Advocates Do? ............................................................................ 8 Survivor Advocacy ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3 Drug/Alcohol Facilitated Sexual Assault
    Chapter 3 Drug/Alcohol Facilitated Sexual Assault “No drug, not even alcohol, causes the fundamental ills of society. If we’re looking for the source of our troubles, we shouldn’t test people for drugs, we should test them for stupidity, ignorance, greed and love of power.” ~ P.J. O’Rourke (1947- ) American humorist & journalist OBJECTIVES FOR THIS CHAPTER . Increase awareness and knowledge about alcohol, drugs and sexual assault . Understand the link between alcohol and sexual assault . Know the appropriate actions to take if a drugging is suspected ALCOHOL, DRUGS AND SEXUAL ASSAULT: AN INTRODUCTION1, 2 “I woke up and I wasn’t in my bed. I had no idea how I had got there, or if I have been with someone. I wondered what had happened to me, and I wondered why I couldn’t remember…” Alcohol and drugs are often weapons used by perpetrators to facilitate sexual assault. With all the news about predatory drugs, we sometimes forget that alcohol is the most common drug associated with sexual assault. Since alcohol is cheap, readily and legally available, and common among adolescents and young adults, it is important to understand the connection between alcohol and sexual assault. Note: Alcohol does not cause sexual violence nor does it give an offender an excuse to commit a sex crime. 1 Quinn, Kathleen M. “Drugs and Sexual Assault: A Dangerous Mix.” Illinois Coalition Against Sexual Assault Fall 2002 Coalition Commentary (Fall 2002.) Web. 23 September 2010. 2Predatory Drugs: Don’t Let Your Guard Down. Saint Louis Park, MN: Bacchus & Gamma. 2002. Print.
    [Show full text]
  • Topics in Human Sexuality: Sexuality Across the Lifespan Adulthood/Male and Female Sexuality
    Most people print off a copy of the post test and circle the answers as they read through the materials. Then, you can log in, go to "My Account" and under "Courses I Need to Take" click on the blue "Enter Answers" button. After completing the post test, you can print your certificate. Topics in Human Sexuality: Sexuality Across the Lifespan Adulthood/Male and Female Sexuality Introduction The development of sexuality is a lifelong process that begins in infancy. As we move from infancy to adolescence and adolescence to adulthood, there are many sexual milestones. While adolescent sexuality is a time in which sexual maturation, interest and experience surge, adult sexuality continues to be a time of sexual unfolding. It is during this time that people consolidate their sexual orientation and enter into their first mature, and often long term, sexual relationships. This movement towards mature sexuality also has a number of gender-specific issues as males and females often experience sexuality differently. As people age, these differences are often marked. In addition to young and middle age adults, the elderly are often an overlooked group when it comes to discussion of sexuality. Sexuality, however, continues well into what are often considered the golden years. This course will review the development of sexuality using a lifespan perspective. It will focus on sexuality in adulthood and in the elderly. It will discuss physical and psychological milestones connected with adult sexuality. Educational Objectives 1. Discuss the process of attaining sexual maturity, including milestones 2. Compare and contrast remaining singles, getting married and cohabitating 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Stalking and Attachment Theory: Causes and Management
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects CUNY Graduate Center 9-2020 Stalking and Attachment Theory: Causes and Management Zoe Turner The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/4048 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] STALKING AND ATTACHMENT THEORY: CAUSES AND MANAGEMENT by ZOE TURNER A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Psychology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2020 i © 2020 ZOE TURNER All Rights Reserved ii Stalking and Attachment Theory: Causes and Management by Zoe Turner This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Psychology in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________ ____________________________________ Date Phil Yanos, Ph.D. Chair of Examining Committee _______________ ____________________________________ Date Richard Bodner, Ph.D. Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Elizabeth Jeglic, Ph.D. Louis Schlesinger, Ph.D. Philip Erdberg, Ph.D. Ali Khadivi, Ph.D. THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Stalking and Attachment Theory: Causes and Management by Zoe Turner Advisor: Phil Yanos, Ph.D. Stalking is an issue that has drawn increasing attention over the past four decades. Approximately 6 million Americans report being the victims of stalking each year. The psychological and physical effects of stalking can be severe, ranging from anxiety and depression to physical harm and even death.
    [Show full text]
  • A Personal Construct Psychology Perspective on Sexual Identity
    A personal construct psychology perspective on sexual identity Item Type Thesis Authors Morano, Laurie Ann Download date 24/09/2021 18:24:25 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/718 A PERSONAL CONSTRUCT PSYCHOLOGY PERSPECTIVE ON SEXUAL IDENTITY A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT NEW PALTZ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING By Laurie Ann Morano November 2007 Notice: Signature Page Not Included This thesis has been signed and approved by the appropriate parties. The signature page has been removed from this digital version for privacy reasons. The signature page is maintained as part of the official version of the thesis in print that is kept in Special Collections of Sojourner Truth Library at SUNY New Paltz. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Jonathan Raskin for his patience and unwavering support during this process. I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to my love, Kristina. You knew just when to push me to work and just when to keep quiet when I should have been working, but was not – it was a fine line, but you walked it perfectly. Thank you to all my friends and family that believed I would finish this one day. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Acknowledgements……………………………………………….iii II. Abstract……………………………………………………………vi III. Introduction………………………………………………………...1 A Personal Construct Psychology Perspective on Sexual Identity ………………………………………………………………….1 IV. Homosexual Identity Development Models……………………….4 Plummer’s Interactionist Account of Male Homosexuality…...7 Ponse’s Theory of Lesbian Identity Development……………..9 Cass’s Theory of Homosexual Identity Formation…………….11 Troiden’s Ideal-Typical Model of Homosexual Identity Formation ………………………………………………………………….14 V.
    [Show full text]
  • Stalking Any Individual During the Aggravated Stalking Penalties [MCL 750.411I] • Entering Onto Or Remaining on Property Owned, Leased, Term of Probation
    • Appearing at the victim’s workplace or residence. • Refrain from stalking any individual during the Aggravated stalking penalties [MCL 750.411i] • Entering onto or remaining on property owned, leased, term of probation. Aggravated stalking is a felony punishable for not or occupied by the victim. • Refrain from having any contact with the victim more than 5 years or a fine of not more than A Citizen’s Guide • Contacting the victim by telephone. of the offense. $10,000, or both. • Sending mail or electronic communications (such as • Be evaluated to determine the need for psychiatric, to Michigan’s email or text messaging) to the victim. psychological, or social counseling and if, If the victim was less than 18 years of age at any • Placing an object on, or delivering an object to, determined appropriate by the court, to receive time during the individual’s course of conduct and the Anti-Stalking Laws property owned, leased, or occupied by the victim. psychiatric, psychological, or social counseling individual is 5 or more years older than the victim, by at his or her own expense. imprisonment for not more than 10 years or a fine of Do not minimize the danger of being stalked. Stalkers not more than $15,000, or both. don’t just stop this harassing behavior. Victims should In a prosecution for a violation of this section, evidence seek assistance from advocates, law enforcement and that the defendant continued to engage in a course The court may place an individual convicted of violating the courts to intervene to stop the stalking.
    [Show full text]
  • Preventing Sexual Violence
    2019 Preventing Sexual Violence What is sexual violence? Sexual violence is sexual activity when consent in not obtained or not freely given. It is a serious public health problem in the United States. Sexual violence impacts every community and affects people of all genders, sexual orientations, and ages—anyone can experience or perpetrate sexual violence. The perpetrator of sexual violence is usually someone known to the victim, such as a friend, current or former intimate partner, coworker, neighbor, or family member. Sexual violence is associated with several risk and protective factors. It is connected to other forms of violence, and causes serious health and economic consequences. By using a public health approach that addresses risk and protective factors for multiple types of violence, sexual violence and other forms of violence can be prevented.1 How big is the problem? Sexual violence affects millions of people each year in the United States. Researchers know that the numbers underestimate this significant problem as many cases go unreported. Victims may be ashamed, embarrassed, or afraid to tell the police, friends, or family about the violence. Victims may also keep quiet because they have been threatened with further harm if they tell anyone or do not think that anyone will help them. Still, we do have data that show: • Sexual violence is common. 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men experienced sexual violence involving physical contact during their lifetimes. Nearly 1 in 5 women and 1 in 38 men have experienced completed or attempted rape and 1 in 14 men was made to penetrate someone (completed or attempted) during his lifetime.2 • Sexual violence starts early.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Violence Fact Sheet
    H D T E C N I R A C P L X E E R Sexual Violence S E A M I C T H C A L L V I Sexual violence encompasses a variety of criminal acts—from sexual threats to unwanted contact to rape. Sexual violence is pervasive and often traumatizing to its victims. For a number of reasons, however, including the stigma and insensitive treatment often associated with these crimes, sexual violence remains highly underreported. Sexual violence is also a difficult concept to measure, primarily due to: inconsistent definitions of sexual assault and rape; differing reporting requirements across local, state, and national law enforcement; and low conviction rates. While people of all genders and gender identities are victims of sexual violence, the majority of these acts are perpetrated Sexual Violence by male offendersSexual against Violence female victims. Most victims know the perpetrator in some capacity, either as a friend, (Rate per 1,000 Individuals) (Rate per 1,000 Individuals) 5.0 acquaintance, family member, or intimate partner. For more5.0 information, see the Campus Victimization fact sheet in 4.0 this series. 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 CRIME TRENDS 1.0 1.0 Over their lifetime, an estimated 19% of women and 2% of men will have been raped, while 44% of women and 23% of men will experience some other form of sexual violence.A According 0.0to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in the 10 years from 2006 0.0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2006to 2015,2007 the2008 rates 2009 of sexual 2010 violence 2011 for2012 both 2013 women 2014 and 2015 men experienced no significant change.
    [Show full text]
  • COMMON FEELINGS WHEN EXPERIENCING INTIMATE to Be with You Day and Night
    NOTES • What You Can Do: If you want company, don’t hesitate to ask people you trust COMMON FEELINGS WHEN EXPERIENCING INTIMATE to be with you day and night. You may want to make your physical environment PARTNER VIOLENCE & STALKING ________________________________________________________________________ feel safer (for example, moving, making your home more secure and/or getting ________________________________________________________________________ to know your neighbors better). Safety planning is a good way to prepare. If possible, check out the main CARE brochure for some tips and talk you your SHOCK AND NUMBNESS CARE advocate for more information. ________________________________________________________________________ • How You May Feel: Confused, easily overwhelmed, unsure of how to feel or ________________________________________________________________________ VULNERABILITY, DISTRUST what to do, spacey or out of it. • How You May Feel: That you’re at the mercy of your own emotions or the actions ________________________________________________________________________ • What You Can Do: Be aware that these are normal reactions to trauma and of others; unsure of who to trust or how to trust yourself; suspicious and cautious. abuse. Each person handles crisis differently, so think of things that helped ________________________________________________________________________ you get through crises in the past. Get help to sort out what you would like to • What You Can Do: Trust your instincts in regards to who you want to talk with do and how you may want to organize your time, thoughts and decisions. Be ________________________________________________________________________ about what happened to you. Try to talk with people whom you have found to be compassionate toward yourself and give yourself time to heal from past and/or the most dependable in the past, select those who have been good listeners and ongoing abuse.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Sex Guilt and Communication on Condom Use" (1997)
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1997 The ffecE ts of Sex Guilt and Communication on Condom Use Renée M. Souva Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in Psychology at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Souva, Renée M., "The Effects of Sex Guilt and Communication on Condom Use" (1997). Masters Theses. 1847. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/1847 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THESIS REPRODUCTION CERTIFICATE TO: Graduate Degree Candidates (who have written formal theses) SUBJECT: Permission to Reproduce Theses The University Library is receiving a number of requests from other institutions asking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow theses to be copied. PLEASE SIGN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS: Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that institution's library or research holdings. 1 Date I respectfully request Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University not allow my thesis to be reproduced because: Author Date The Effects of Sex Guilt and Communication on Condom Use (TITLE) BY Renee M. Souva THESIS SUBMITIED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, ILLINOIS 1997 YEAR I HEREBY RECOMMEND THIS THESIS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING Condom Use 2 Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether sex guilt and communication were related to condom use.
    [Show full text]