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Respons Irak: Koalisjoner Og Regjeringspartier

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Respons Irak: Koalisjoner Og Regjeringspartier Respons Irak: Koalisjoner og regjeringspartier Problemstilling/spørsmål: Hvilke partier er i koalisjon med hverandre i dag? Hvilke koalisjoner ble etablert i forbindelse med valget i 2005? Hvilke partier er representert i den nåværende regjeringen? Hvilke partier var representert i regjeringen etter 2005-valget? Innledning Fremstillingen nedenfor er basert på materiale sammenstilt etter parlamentsvalgene i 2005 og 2010. I 2005 ble det holdt to valg – i januar til grunnlovgivende forsamling, og i desember til parlament. Forslaget til ny grunnlov ble godkjent gjennom en folkeavstemning i oktober 2005, og valg til det første ordinære parlamentet under den nye grunnloven kunne så holdes i desember. Informasjonen om 2005-valget i denne responsen gjelder parlamentsvalget i desember. Leseren bør være oppmerksom på at det i irakisk politikk ikke er uvanlig at koalisjonspartnere bytter koalisjon. Det er heller ikke uvanlig at deler av en koalisjonspartner går ut av sitt opprinnelige parti og starter et nytt parti, som så eventuelt går inn i en annen koalisjon. Det har også forekommet at individuelle politikere i sentrale posisjoner enten har byttet parti eller dannet nytt parti, og deretter tatt dette inn i en annen koalisjon. Slike bevegelser gjør at koalisjonene ikke nødvendigvis holder seg stabile gjennom en hel valgperiode. Denne fremstillingen bør derfor brukes mer som veiviser enn som fasit. Der hvor det kreves stor nøyaktighet om tidspunkt, anbefales leseren å sjekke de angitte opplysningene opp mot informasjon om det eksakte tidspunkt. Respons Irak: Koalisjoner og regjeringspartier LANDINFO – WWW.LANDINFO.NO – E-POST: [email protected] 28. MARS 2012 1 1. Partikoalisjoner etter valget i 2010 State of Law (Dawlat al-kanon) Dawa al-Islamiya (moderat sjia, ledet av Nuri al-Maliki) Anbar Salvation Front (sunni, stammeledere) Independent Arab Movement (sunni) United Independent Iraqi Bloc (Fayli-kurdere) The Independent Iraqi Kafaat Gathering (sekulære sjia) The Gathering - Al-Tajamo (sekulære sjia) Uavhengig moderat sunni-politiker (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2010e). Iraqi Accord Front (Tawafuq) Iraqi Islamic Party (sunni-islamister) Iraqi People’s Gathering (sunni/Diyala) Turkmen Justice Party (turkmensk/Diyala) Uavhengige sunni-politikere (3 stk) (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2010b). Kurdistan Alliance KDP (ledet av Massoud Barzani) PUK (ledet av Jalal Talabani) Gorran (ledet av Nawshirwan Mustafa) Islamic Union of Kurdistan (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2010f). Iraqi national Alliance ISCI (sjia-islamister, ledet av Ammar al-Hakim) Badr-organisasjonen (sjia-islamister, ledet av Hadi al-Amiri) Sadrist-bevegelsen (sjia-islamister, ledet av Muqtada al-Sadr) Islamic Virtue Party (sjia-islamister) National Reform Movement (sjia, ledet av Ibrahim al-Jafaari) Respons Irak: Koalisjoner og regjeringspartier LANDINFO – WWW.LANDINFO.NO – E-POST: [email protected] 28. MARS 2012 2 Iraqi national Congress (sekulære sjia) Anbar Salvation Council (sunni) (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2010c). Iraqi national Movement (“Iraqiya”) Iraqi National Accord (sekulære sjia, ledet av Iyad Allawi) Iraqi Front for National Dialogue (sekulære sunni, ledet av Saleh al-Mutlaq) Renewal List (sunni, ledet av Tareq al-Hashimi) Al-Hadba (sunni-parti i Ninewa, ledet av Atheel al-Nujaifi) Sunni Future Gathering (sunni-islamister) (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2010d). Unity Alliance of Iraq Constitution Party (sjia) Awakening Council of Iraq (sunni/Anbar) Charter Gathering (sunni) Republican Gathering (sunni) Uavhengig (kurdisk sufistisk) Uavhengige sunni-politikere (2 stk.) (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2010g). Respons Irak: Koalisjoner og regjeringspartier LANDINFO – WWW.LANDINFO.NO – E-POST: [email protected] 28. MARS 2012 3 2. Partikoalisjoner etter valget i 2005 United Iraqi Alliance Al-Sadr Bloc SCIRI (senere ISCI) Al-Shabak Democratic Grouping Badr Organisation Centre Grouping Party Community of Justice Hezbollah Movement in Iraq Iraqi Democrats Movement Islamic Daawa Party Islamic Daawa Party – Iraq Islamic Master of the Martyrs Movement Islamic Union for Iraqi Turkomans Islamic Virtue Party Justice and Equality Grouping Malhan Al Mukatir The Free of Iraq Turkoman Loyalty Movement (BBC 2006). Kurdistan Alliance KDP PUK Chaldean Democratic Union Party Kurdistan Communist Party Kurdistan Islamic Group / Iraq Kurdistan Labour Party Turkoman Brotherhood Party (BBC 2006). Respons Irak: Koalisjoner og regjeringspartier LANDINFO – WWW.LANDINFO.NO – E-POST: [email protected] 28. MARS 2012 4 Iraqi National List Arab Socialist Movement Central Euphrates Grouping Democratic al-Qasimi Grouping Independent Iraqi Association Independent Iraqi Sheikhs Council Iraqi Communist Party Iraqi Independent Democrats Iraqi National Accord Movement Iraqi Republican Grouping Iraqiyun (Iraqis) League of Iraqi Turkoman Tribes and Notables Loyalty to Iraq Grouping National List The Free Unity Party (BBC 2006). Iraqi National Congress List Democratic Iraqi Grouping Democratic Joint Action Front First Democratic National Party Independent List Iraqi Constitutional Movement Iraqi Constitutional Party Iraqi National Congress Turkoman Decision Party Uavhengig politiker (BBC 2006). Iraqi Accord Front Iraqi Islamic Party General Council for the People of Iraq Iraqi National Dialogue Council (BBC 2006). Respons Irak: Koalisjoner og regjeringspartier LANDINFO – WWW.LANDINFO.NO – E-POST: [email protected] 28. MARS 2012 5 Iraqi Front for National Dialogue Iraqi Christian Democratic Party Democratic Arab Front National Front For the United Free Iraq Iraqi Sons Unified Movement National Iraqi Front (ProCon.org. 2008). Kurdistan Islamic Union Partiet stilte til valg alene (BBC 2006). Reconciliation and Liberation Bloc Landinfo har ikke funnet informasjon om partnere. Partiet skal være sunnimuslimsk og stå Jibbouri-stammen nær (Wikipedia 2010). 3. Partier i regjering etter valget i 2010 Tabell 1: Fordeling av statsrådsposter på partier i regjering etter valget i 2010. Statsminister: Nuri al-Maliki (State of Law) Partier i regjering Statsrådsposter Iraq National Alliance 9 fagstatsråder - olje, vannressurser, justis, bolig, planlegging, arbeid, turisme, kommunal og samferdsel. 5 statsråder u/portefølje. State of Law 7 statsråder - innenriks, nasjonal sikkerhet, høyere utdanning, idrett, menneskerettigheter, kvinner og parlamentssaker. Iraqiya 9 fagstatsråder - strømforsyning, forsvar, finans, industri, landbruk, utdanning, kommunikasjon, vitenskap og provinssaker. 1 statsråd u/portefølje. Respons Irak: Koalisjoner og regjeringspartier LANDINFO – WWW.LANDINFO.NO – E-POST: [email protected] 28. MARS 2012 6 Kurdistan Alliance (PUK og KDP) 4 fagstatsråder - utenriks, helse, migrasjon og handel. 1 statsrådspost er ikke besatt (NGO- minister). Kristne og andre minoritetspartier 1 statsråd - miljøvern (Assyrian Democratic Movement) Constitutional Party 2 statsråder – kultur og utenriks/viseminster. Kilder: SIGIR 2011; AINA 2010. Tabell 2: Antall visestatsministre fordelt på regjeringspartier etter valget i 2010. Parti Visestatsminister State of Law 1 Iraqiya 1 Kurdistan Alliance (PUK og 1 KDP) Kilde: SIGIR 2011. 4. Partier i regjering etter valget i 2005 Tabell 3: Fordeling av statsrådsposter på partier i regjering etter valget i 2005. Statsminister: Nuri al-Maliki (United Iraq Alliance) Partier i regjering Statsrådsposter United Iraq Alliance 15 fagstatsråder - migrasjon, strømforsyning, utdanning, finans, innenriks, arbeid- og sosial, olje, kommunal, samferdsel, idrett, sivilsamfunn, nasjonal dialog, nasjonal sikkerhet, provinssaker og parlamentssaker. 1 statsråd u/portefølje. Kurdistan Alliance 5 fagstatsråder - miljøvern, utenriks, industri, bolig og vann. 1 statsråd u/portefølje. Iraqi Accord Front 4 statsråder - kommunikasjoner, kultur, høyere utdanning, utenriks (Minister of State) Respons Irak: Koalisjoner og regjeringspartier LANDINFO – WWW.LANDINFO.NO – E-POST: [email protected] 28. MARS 2012 7 Iraqi National List 2 fagstatsråder - menneskerettigheter og vitenskap. 1 statsråd u/portefølje. Andre/uavhengige 3 statsråder - forsvar, planlegging og turisme. Kilde: US Department of State 2009 Tabell 4: Antall visestatsministre fordelt på regjeringspartier etter valget i 2005. Parti Visestatsminister Iraq Accord Front 1 Kurdistan Alliance (PUK og KDP) 1 Kilde: US Department of State 2009 Utlendingsforvaltningens fagenhet for landinformasjon (Landinfo) skal som faglig uavhengig enhet innhente og analysere informasjon om samfunnsforhold og menneskerettigheter i land som Utlendingsdirektoratet, Utlendingsnemnda og Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet til enhver tid har behov for kunnskap om for å kunne løse sine oppgaver. Landinfos rapporter og temanotater er basert på opplysninger fra både offentlige og ikke offentlige kilder. Opplysningene er innsamlet og behandlet i henhold til kildekritiske standarder. Kilder som av ulike grunner ikke ønsker å bli offentliggjort, er ikke nevnt ved navn. En respons er et svar på konkrete spørsmål og problemstillinger som saksbehandlere i utlendingsforvaltningen har stilt Landinfo. Responser er ikke ment å være utfyllende redegjørelser for et tema eller et spørsmål, men skal gi svar på de konkrete spørsmålene som er stilt, og ellers inneholde det som til enhver tid trengs av bakgrunnsinformasjon. Opplysningene som blir lagt fram i responsene, kan ikke tas til inntekt for
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