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The Cannon Centenary Conference the Changing Nature of the Speakership

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The Cannon Centenary Conference the Changing Nature of the Speakership The Cannon Centenary Conference The Changing Nature of the Speakership Cannon House Office Building Wednesday, November 12, 2003 VerDate jan 13 2004 10:35 Dec 10, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 8166 Sfmt 8166 C:\DOCS\SPEAKERS\92800.000 CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE spkrhse.#08 Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division Speaker Joseph G. Cannon, circa "*!* VerDate jan 13 2004 10:35 Dec 10, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 8166 Sfmt 8166 C:\DOCS\SPEAKERS\92800.000 CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE 92800.002 j 108TH CONGRESS, 2D SESSION HOUSE DOCUMENT NO. 108–204 k The Cannon Centenary Conference The Changing Nature of the Speakership Cannon House Office Building Wednesday, November 12, 2003 Compiled Under the Direction of the Joint Committee on Printing, Chairman Robert W. Ney UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2004 VerDate jan 13 2004 10:35 Dec 10, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 8166 Sfmt 8166 C:\DOCS\SPEAKERS\92800.000 CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE spkrhse.#08 This conference was sponsored by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, and the Carl Albert Congressional Re- search and Studies Center, University of Oklahoma; and funded in part by a grant from the McCormick Tribune Foundation. Walter J. Oleszek, the editor of this document, gratefully ac- knowledges the production assistance of Daphne Bigger and Karen Wirt of the Congressional Research Service and Suzanne Kayne of the Government Printing Office. The Congressional Research Service has produced six videotapes of the Cannon Centenary proceedings for use by Members of Con- gress. The videotapes cover, respectively, the O’Neill, Wright, Foley, and Gingrich speakerships, as well as the presentation of Speaker J. Dennis Hastert and Professor Robert V. Remini. VerDate jan 13 2004 10:35 Dec 10, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 8164 Sfmt 8164 C:\DOCS\SPEAKERS\92800.000 CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE House Concurrent Resolution 345 Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), SECTION ". PRINTING OF DOCUMENT. (a) IN GENERAL.—The transcripts of the proceedings of ‘‘The Changing Na- ture of the House Speakership: The Cannon Centenary Conference’’, sponsored by the Congressional Research Service on November 12, 2003, shall be printed as a House document, in a style and manner determined by the Joint Committee on Printing. (b) ADDITIONAL COPIES FOR HOUSE AND SENATE.—There shall be printed for the use of the House of Representatives and the Senate such aggregate number of copies of the document printed under subsection (a) as the Joint Com- mittee on Printing determines to be appropriate, except that the maximum num- ber of copies which may be printed shall be the number for which the aggregate printing cost does not exceed $65,000. iii VerDate jan 13 2004 10:35 Dec 10, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 8164 Sfmt 8164 C:\DOCS\SPEAKERS\92800.000 CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE VerDate jan 13 2004 10:35 Dec 10, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 8164 Sfmt 8164 C:\DOCS\SPEAKERS\92800.000 CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE Contents Page Part I The Changing Nature of the Speakership INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 3 Daniel P. Mulhollan, Director, Congressional Research Serv- ice, Library of Congress ...................................................... 3, 6 Gary Copeland, Director, Carl Albert Center ......................... 4 THE O’NEILL SPEAKERSHIP ................................................... 9 Gary Hymel ................................................... 9, 22, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31 John A. Farrell ...................................................................... 11, 30 The Honorable Dan Rostenkowski ................................ 22, 29, 30, 31 The Honorable Mickey Edwards ............................................ 24, 30 THE WRIGHT SPEAKERSHIP ................................................. 33 Janet Hook ..................................................................... 33, 48, 54, 56 Speaker James C. Wright, Jr ................................................. 34 The Honorable David E. Bonior ............................................ 48 The Honorable Tom Loeffler ................................................. 54 REFLECTIONS ON THE ROLE OF THE SPEAKER IN THE MODERN DAY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ............... 59 Introduction, The Honorable Robert H. Michel .................... 59 Speaker J. Dennis Hastert ...................................................... 60 THE FOLEY SPEAKERSHIP ...................................................... 65 Jeff Biggs ................................................................ 65, 80, 82, 84, 86 Speaker Thomas S. Foley .............................................. 69, 80, 83, 84 The Honorable Bill Frenzel ................................................... 75 The Honorable Vic Fazio ....................................................... 77 THE HISTORICAL SPEAKERSHIP ........................................... 87 Introduction, James C. Billington, Librarian of Congress ... 87, 95, 97 Professor Robert V. Remini, Kluge Scholar ........................... 89, 96 THE GINGRICH SPEAKERSHIP .............................................. 99 Donald Wolfensberger ................................. 99, 107, 110, 115, 117, 118 Speaker Newt Gingrich ................................................... 100, 115, 118 The Honorable Leon E. Panetta ............................................ 107, 117 The Honorable Robert S. Walker .......................................... 110 v VerDate jan 13 2004 10:35 Dec 10, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 8164 Sfmt 8164 C:\DOCS\SPEAKERS\92800.000 CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE vi The Cannon Centenary Conference Part II Perspectives on the Speakership Chapter 1: The Speakership in Historical Perspective, by Ronald M. Peters, Jr .............................................................................. 121 Chapter 2: Speakers Reed, Cannon, and Gingrich: Catalysts of Institutional and Procedural Change, by Walter J. Oleszek and Richard C. Sachs ....................................................................... 128 Chapter 3: The Speaker of the House and the Committee on Rules, by Christopher M. Davis ................................................ 141 Chapter 4: The Speaker and the Senate, by Elizabeth Rybicki ....... 158 Chapter 5: The Speaker and the Press, by Betsy Palmer ................ 168 Chapter 6: The Speaker and the President: Conflict and Coopera- tion, by R. Eric Petersen ........................................................... 181 Chapter 7: Speakers, Presidents, and National Emergencies, by Harold C. Relyea ....................................................................... 195 Chapter 8: The Changing Speakership, by Ronald M. Peters, Jr ... 218 Part III Appendices Biographies ................................................................................... 239 List of Conference Participants ...................................................... 248 VerDate jan 13 2004 10:35 Dec 10, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 8164 Sfmt 8164 C:\DOCS\SPEAKERS\92800.000 CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE Part I The Changing Nature of the Speakership VerDate jan 13 2004 10:35 Dec 10, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 8166 Sfmt 8166 C:\DOCS\SPEAKERS\92800.000 CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE VerDate jan 13 2004 10:35 Dec 10, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 8166 Sfmt 8166 C:\DOCS\SPEAKERS\92800.000 CRS1 PsN: SKAYNE Introduction Mr. MULHOLLAN. I’m Dan Mulhollan, Director of the Congressional Research Service, and it is my distinct pleasure to welcome all of you to this first-ever conference on the changing nature of the speakership. I say first-ever because never before has there been a conference at which all living former Speakers—Jim Wright, Tom Foley and Newt Gingrich—have par- ticipated with the current Speaker, Dennis Hastert, to discuss their role as Speaker of the House of Representatives. In addition, I am pleased to welcome the other important presenters at this conference: the former House Members who will serve as commenta- tors on the various speakerships, the four moderators for each speakership period, and, of course, Jack Farrell of the Denver Post, who will start things off with an examination of the O’Neill speakership. Professor Robert Remini, one of our Nation’s most distinguished historians, will present his views on the evolving speakership. I believe all of us are in for a unique and his- toric opportunity. We will listen to several of the most knowledgeable peo- ple in our Nation discuss the variety of elements necessary to lead such a large and complex institution as the House of Representatives. This conference has been organized to commemorate the election on November 9—3 days ago, but also 100 years ago, in 1903—of Representative Joseph Cannon, Republican of Illinois, as Speaker of the House. How fitting it is that we convene this conference in the Cannon Caucus Room, after whom this entire building is named. Joe Cannon, the first person ever to grace the cover of Time magazine, was one of the most powerful and con- troversial Speakers in the entire history of the House. When Cannon neared retirement from the House in 1922 after nearly 50 years of service, he mod- estly said, ‘‘A hundred years from now people will say it does appear that there was a man from Illinois by the name of Cannon, but I don’t know much about him.’’ But we are here more than 100 years later and if ‘‘Uncle Joe,’’ as he was fondly called by some, was still around he would find many books, articles, and Ph.D. dissertations written about
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