t"* Virginia

Teacher

March, 1929

HOME ECONOMICS NUMBER

F. G. BONSER

HOME ECONOMICS IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

A PUPIL ACTIVITY SURVEY

RESEARCH WORK AT AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS RECENT BOOKS IN HOME ECONOMICS HOME ECONOMICS NEWS

THE NEW PRACTICE HOUSE

Published at the CENTS STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE OF Hareisonbueg, Va, THE VIRGINIA TEACHER

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Volume X MARCH, 1929 Number 3

CONTENTS Home Economics in the Elementary School F. G. Bonser 73 A Pupil Activity Survey as a Basis for the Home Economics Curriculum . Julia Robertson and Frances Houck 77 Our Practice House Pearl Powers Moody 80 hamily Relationships: A Unit in Senior High School Home Economics

1 he fundamental, Principles■ of Home Economics LillianAdrienne A. Cummings Goodwin 8288 Research Work in Home Economics Hena M. Bailey 89 Supplementary Library Reference Material Julia Robertson 92 Announcements, State Department of Education Thomas D. Eason 95 Educational Comment Adele R. Black well 98 The Reading Table gg Recent Publication in Home Economics Myrtle L. Wilson News of the College ^02 Alumnae Notes Dorothy S. Garbe'r 104 A Letter to Home Economics Girls 105

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VOLUME X MARCH, 1929 NUMBER 3

HOME ECONOMICS IN THE family group. Emphatically, those who think of home economics or household arts ELEMENTARY SCHOOL as dealing chiefly with cooking and sewing CHANGES in the purposes and range are far, far behind the times. As the newer of home economics have been almost field is developing, it is becoming one of the as great in the last twenty years as most fundamental in contributing to the the changes in travel. For the old-time larger and better upbuilding of personal, cooking, sewing, and housekeeping, the field family, and community life. has come to include studies of food, cloth- But these several lines of study making ing, household furnishings and equipment, up the field of home economics are not ex- interior decoration, household budgeting clusively high school or college subjects, any and accounts, home management, child care more than are English, mathematics, or sci- and family relations. ence. There are elementary but funda- The part of both women and men, of boys mental phases of the work appropriate for and girls, in home making and home life children of even kindergarten age as well have changed with the changes in methods as for other grades of the elementary of food preparation, garment making, schools. Problems of food, clothing, shel- household furnishings and equipment, gen- ter, and home life are quite as general for eral education, travel, larger money in- all of whatever age as are reading, writing, comes, attention to health needs, higher and arithmetic. Indeed they are with us standards of family life and general social from birth. Their neglect is responsible life. To provide the education needed to for many of our avoidable misfortunes and meet the new conditions, home economics failures. No elementary school of today has come to be a field of large educational that calls itself progressive omits study of importance for both men and women. There these problems of such far-reaching impor- are now a considerable number of home tance. economics courses for boys in high schools Of course, if one thinks of the work and a few such courses for men in colleges. merely in terms of cooking, sewing and The problems of the proper selection of housekeeping, he may quite reasonably con- food and of clothing are just as important clude that they would have small place for for men as for women. The problem of children up to twelve or thirteen years of budgets—of expenditures for food, cloth- age. But, when one sees the purposes and ing, shelter and other material supplies—is content of the work as it is appropriately quite as real for boys and men as for girls developed to meet children's needs, he can and women. Both sexes are interested in not question its right to a place in every ele- health, economy, and beauty of person and mentary school program. Let us consider surroundings. Both men and women are what is done in the best elementary schools. vitally responsible for the physical and Foods, clothing, and shelter are studied mental care of their children. The quality with reference to the actual questions which of home life as to convenience, comfort, confront us in their selection and usage, recreation, thinking, moral tone and general and in social questions which concern us family relationships depends upon the co- relative to their production and distribution. operative participation of both father and As for all subjects in the elementary school, mother together with other members of the we include only questions which are of com- 74 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3

mon value to all—to boys and girls alike any young children being exploited in pro- and without reference to prospective occu- ducing foods? Are any inferior or adul- pations. The questions comomn to us all terated foods being sold through misrepre- about foods are those of selection, cost, and sentation? What is the pure food law and attractiveness. We all eat foods and we all why do we have it ? These questions con- have some freedom in choosing what we cern us all since we all have a responsibility shall eat. Our health depends very funda- for making regulations that will secure fair- mentally upon what we eat. To select in- ness and justice to all. We all have to telligently and satisfyingly, we need a very work together to bring about the best con- considerable amount of knowledge about ditions, so we call these social questions and food principles and food values. Of course regard learning about them as having social with young children we would not use very values. many technical terms in teaching these mat- If we consider clothing, we shall find that ters. There are foods of equal intrinsic these same values are important. There are value for bodily needs that vary greatly in a number of health questions about cloth- cost. The economic aspect of the study ing. Think how much ill health results helps us to know how to eat properly bal- from wearing improperly fitting shoes! And anced meals at low costs. Some foods are probably many deaths from tuberculosis and more palatable than others of equal food pneumonia are traceable to exposure which value, and the apperance of foods as served, proper clothing would have prevented. The together with linen, china, cutlery, decora- economic problems connected with clothing tions and the like, bring in the question of are also very important since both intrinsic art or aesthetic values which have also an and cost values differ very greatly with dif- economic aspect—it costs something to have ferent clothing materials. In the art values foods most attractively served. But we of clothing lie most of the art problems of learn to have some measure of beauty in personal appearance. For reasons both of our food service without much expense if economy and art we need to know a great need requires it. Besides these factors of deal about different fabric materials, differ- health, economy and beauty, there is one ent textile designs, and the whole field of other which concerns us all as citizens, an design as it relates to the form and color inclusive social question. Where do the of garments and costuming. There are also foods which we eat come from ? How many questions of fabric adulterations, inferior different regions and peoples of the earth substitutes, deceptive advertising, and con- helped us to have the foods we are eating ditions of child labor and sweat-shop pro- today ? How many people are engaged in duction which call for social regulation or producing these foods, transporting them, control. More and more textiles and cloth- manufacturing the raw food materials into ing products are made outside the home so finished food products ready to use? How that the chief problems are those of selec- many people are keeping stores and shops tion, use, repair and care. Questions of to make foods conveniently near for us ? Do similar character apply also to housing, fur- these grocers, bakers, and butchers keep nishings and household equipment, requir- everything sanitarily clean? How much ing studies in sanitation or health values, time is given in our homes to preparing and economic values, art qualities, and social serving foods? Are any workers who help regulation. to grow these foods in the fields or prepare These kinds of value may all be studied them in the factories required to work too with interest and profit by elementary school long hours or under conditions bad for their children, and such studies are needed by all health, or for less than a fair wage? Are elementary school teachers, both for the March, 1929] THE VIRGIN A TEACHER 75 sake of their worth to them, personally, and factor is the utilization of the natural im- for their uses in teaching. Most teachers pulses and desires of all children to do and have themselves had no training in these to investigate. Children have strong im- matters as they have had in arithmetic, Eng- pulses for manipulation and experimenta- lish, geography and other subjects in the tion, great curiosity, and strong desires to schools when they were pupils. Study along express themselves in constructive and art these lines is therefore needed by all teach- forms. Work with the materials of food, ers as a part of their education and training clothing, housing and furnishings provides while in the teacher-training institution. means of using these impulses to physical A matter of great importance relative to and mental activity with valuable educative these problems of food, clothing, shelter, results. It affords the the starting point and social life not often given consideration for taking up questions concerning the four is the relationship of their study to other kinds of value—health, economic, art and subjects, particularly arithmetic, geography, social—as these enter into problems of daily the social studies and fine art. Most of our selection, use, care and enjoyment of the problems in arithmetic are those relating to supplies and equipment in our common sur- values and costs of these every-day sup- roundings. plies. Many of the important questions of The practical activities through which geography relate to the sources of food, many home economics values may be ap- clothing and shelter materials, the routes of proached and considered in ways natural travel by which they come to us, the prob- and interesting to children include such en- lems of exchange with other countries, and terprises as these: For foods, preparing and the centers of manufacture and distribution. serving simple luncheons or refreshments Many questions of history and citizenship for teachers or others; making charts from likewise relate to the discoveries, inventions, magazine or other forms of advertising of conquests, and problems of regulation in balanced meals by cutting out pictures and connection with needs for material supplies. mounting them; making posters relative to Our most important and frequent art prob- food needs and food habits; making collec- lems are those of personal appearance as tions of food products used in the commun- determined by clothing, and the beauty of ity, classified by countries from which they our homes as affected by architecture, in- come; making a play grocery store or bak- terior decoration, and furnishings. By using ery or meat market, using excursions to these every-day, common situations of life help in getting needed facts; having lunch- as avenues of approach and motive, the oth- eons representing the food customs of dif- er school subjects become meaningful and ferent countries and different times; study- significant to children. The abstract and ing the food habits, the methods of cooking isolated character of their work changes and and the methods of food preservation of the teaching of all subjects becomes more other peoples; studying present-day meth- natural and easy because of the relation- ods of food preservation and storage; and ships to daily life found in work based upon so on—making use of every possible means the practical needs and activities of home of appeal that will help children to develop and community. The use of these condi- interests, acquire useful knowledge, and tions and activities familiar to children form good habits about foods and their makes the problem of the interrelationships proper uses. For shelter and clothing, the of subjects relatively simple and attractive. making and furnishing of a doll house; the One other very important factor is given dressing of dolls; the making of simple proper consideration by the use of these products by weaving, knitting, cutting, and studies of materials and their uses. That sewing, including simple garments; the 76 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3 dressing of dolls to represent people of continue to attend school beyond the ele- different lands; the making of costumes for mentary grades. Of course, not everything plays and pageants; the study of different of value can be accomplished with elemen- kinds of textile materials, making collec- tary children, but very excellent beginnings tions of representative samples as to ma- may be made. terial and design; learning about the pro- The tendency today is to combine in the cesses of spinning, weaving and designing elementary schools all work relating to ma- fabrics of different materials; learning terials into one subject, most commonly call- about rubber, leather, felts, furs, and other ed industrial arts—a study of the changes such materials as are used for clothing; we make in materials to increase their val- making clothing budgets; considering prob- ues for use and how to use and care for lems of clothing selection for the pupils them properly. Included with such study is themselves with reference to seasons and also a study of the social problems relating occasions; visiting clothing and furnishing to production and distribution. This brings stores and shops; making simple forms of together the three lines of work that have pottery and studying table china wares as often been carried on separately—home eco- produced in different parts of the world; nomics, manual arts, and fine arts. The ten- investigating household equipment and dency also is to have this work taught by labor-saving devices for the home; consid- the regular grade teacher and not by spe- ering different ways of lighting and heating cialists. This means that all elementary houses; and so on—the possibilities being school teachers should be trained for the almost endless when one begins to look work in their respective grades. about to see the wealth of interesting prob- To prepare teachers for this phase of lems that meet us face to face on every their teaching, the close cooperation of the hand. Through these practical activities we departments of home economics, industrial may guide the work to questions of vital art, fine art and the training school is need- importance in home and community life ed in the teachers' college. It is not neces- and find children learning about them with sary to require elementary school teachers interest, enthusiasm and appreciation of to develop the same degrees of technical their worth. skill required of high school teachers in Whatever is learned about foods, cloth- these fields. The work lor elementary school ing, and furnishings with reference to teachers should cover specifically the kinds health, economy, art, and social control in of learnings which elementary school chil- childhood is of permanent value throughout dren should accomplish. For them, empha- life. How can one be regarded as educated sis is upon simple forms of construction, who can not select his food in accordance experimentation and investigation which with bodily needs for health, who can not will bring out the desired values relative to select clothing and costume himself eco- health, economy, art and social regulation. nomically and in good taste, who can not Little emphasis need be placed upon devel- select and arrange the furnishings of his oping skill in cookery, garment making, or home with economy and satifying effect, construction of furnishings for children of and who can not help as a citizen in regu- from five or six years to twelve or thirteen lating the production and distribution of years of age. The development of skill be- material supplies in fairness and justice? longs to a later period. The problem is the These matters have been sadly neglected in elementary school is to secure values com- our education. They must be taken up in mon to all children, boys and girls alike. the elementary schools or most children will The book called "Industrial Arts for Ele- not get them, since relatively few children mentary Schools," by the writer and Pro- March, 1929] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 77

lessor Mossman, published by the Macmil- getting the work under way in the grades. laiTCompany, gives a comprehensive line of The home and its place in community and work in each phase—food, clothing, shelter, national life are important in a degree not and so on—for each of the first six grades, fully appreciated. The schools can do a and indicates many of the relationships to great deal to improve the conditions and in- other school subjects. fluences of home life. So far they have To teach this work, of course it is de- almost ignored the problem. To make a sirable that teachers have a background substantial contribution in improving the somewhat more extensive than the mere health, the thrift, the beauty, and the citi- content to be taught in the elementary zenship qualities of the members of each school. For elementary school teachers, a home and therefore of the whole commun- course in home economics one year in ity is the opportunity and the challenge to length, distributing the work appropriately the broad field now represented by home among studies of food, clothing, shelter, economics. Through the elementary school child care, and family relationships, should all children and nearly all homes may be be adequate to give students a fair back- reached. Every elementary school teacher ground for the work in the first six grades. should therefore be educated and trained to If such teachers have also additional work appreciate and to teach those elements of in some other phases of industrial art and home and family life which make for these in fine art, they should possess a minimum higher values and which will make the background for conducting the practical ac- teaching of all subjects more simple, more tivities appropriate for the elementary efficient and more joyous. F. G. Bonser school. But with this background should go specific work and training in organizing, adapting and directing the work in the A PUPIL ACTIVITY SURVEY grades. Such work should center about a AS A BASIS FOR THE HOME training school in which the teaching of ECONOMICS CURRIC- these lines is an integral part of each of the ULUM grades. The work of one term as a meth- ods course would enable teachers to see how LA.ST fall when the home economics the work is adapted to different grades, to teachers at the Harrisonburg High become acquainted with the best sources of School decided to reorganize the materials and references, and to leam how home economics curriculum of the junior to use the activities and resources of the high grades they found that much prelimi- homes and the community. Instead of a nary work must be done. First, it was special term's work in teaching method, the necessary to be clear in their own minds adaptation of the different units to elemen- just what the aims of home economics in tary grades might be taken up with the junior high school are; second, the best courses given for the background content. methods of attaining those aims must be Just how the adaptation of the work to ele- determined; third, the material must be ar- mentary school needs is made is not im- ranged in proper sequence and form for portant, but that it is made in some efficient teaching. way is very highly important. Those teach- If home economics is to make its right- ers' colleges in which all of the phases-— ful contribution toward a sane well-rounded household, industrial, and fine arts—are or- curriculum for the junior high school girl, ganized into one course of at least one year's its aims and purposes must be the same as length for teachers of the elementary the general aims of education. The com- schools seem to get best results in actually mittee therefore accepted the following defi- 78 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3

nition as their conception of education : "To helping with the cleaning, washing dishes, teach pupils to do better those worth-while making beds, doing one's own personal things they are going to do any way, to re- laundry, and helping with the meals—sup- veal higher types of activities, to make them per usually—were major activities in both both desired and to an extent possible."1 surveys. There are, however, some differ- Accepting the above definition of educa- ences in the findings of the two surveys. tion as their starting point meant that the One, for example, is in the care of children. next step was to determine the desirable ac- Harrisonburg girls report a much larger tivities in which Harrisonburg junior high per cent of girls as being responsible, to a girls were engaged. Although in recent degree, for their younger brothers and sis- years many most excellent pupil activity ters ; but a very small number reported any surveys have been made from which help responsibility for the family marketing. could be secured, it was felt that unless a The results regarding clothing show that survey were made of the activities of the a large number of the girls buy ready-made Harrisonburg girl there would be no as- underwear as well as dresses. As for the surance that any course planned would be girls' activities in regard to the family meeting her needs. meals, helping with supper was the one most A questionnaire was therefore submitted frequently checked. to all girls in junior high. It was answer- It is readily apparent that the required ed by them immediately upon presentation work in junior high home economics must and without consultation with any one, and place less emphasis upon skill in food prep- the papers were collected as soon as finish- aration, and clothing construction and more ed. As the girls were told not to sign their upon clothing selection and purchase, food names, the answers were entirely imper- selection from the stand point of health and sonal. The number of pupils filling in the economics, care of the home and sanitation, questionnaire was seventy-four. household and personal laundry, care and The questionnaire was divided into seven training of children, and family relation- parts; the first dealt with activities relating ships. to the daily and weekly care of the house; TABLE I the second, with laundry work in the home; Activities Performed by Girls in the Home Dur- the third, with the care of children; the ing the Week 7th 8th fourth with activities relating to family and Activity Grade Grade Total community relationships, and the girl's use Care of the House of her leisure time; the fifth had to do with Help with cleaning clothing practices in the home; the sixth, Daily 43 29 72 Weekly 76 10 36 with food preparation; the seventh, with the Clean—alone 43 24 67 Own room—daily 31 17 48 girl's personal budget. Other rooms—weekly ... .25 12 37 Table I shows the tabulation of these ac- Clean woodwork 14 6 70 tivities with the frequency in the seventh Clean rugs 18 13 31 Clean windows 70 13 33 and eighth grade, separately, and the total Clean closets 16 8 74 number of both grades combined. Table II Clean stove 11 10 21 Clean sink 31 23 54 gives some other information which has a Clean refrigerator 13 8 21 bearing on home economics studies, but Clean pantry 13 6 19 Clean cabinet IP 16 35 which could not be tabulated as an activity. Clean bath room 37 IS 55 Clean porches 37 22 59 The results of this questionnaire agree very Clean basement 14 4 IS generally with the Denver Survey2 in that Clean yard 77 12 34 Wash Dishes 30 29 68 ^riggs, The Junior High School, p. 157. Make Beds 37 27 64 ZResearch Monograph No. I. Home Econom- Straighten misplaced articles. .31 26 57 ics, Public Schools, Denver, Colorado. Arrange flowers 77 18 45 March, 1929] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 79

7th 8th 7th 8th Activity Grade Grade Total Activity Grade Grade Total Care of the House Care of the House Help with cleaning Help with cleaning Polish metals 10 9 19 3. Have sewing machine at Scrub floors 19 11 30 home 37 29 66 Care for Younger Children 4. Have an electric washing Bathe baby 8 S 13 machine 16 13 29 Prepare baby's bottle 6 2 8 5. Have a vacuum sweeper.... 1 11 12 Give baby his bottle 7 2 9 6. Mother does laundry at Play with baby 10 8 18 home 24 16 40 Dress baby 9 6 IS 7. Go to movies with: Put baby to bed 9 7 16 Mother 17 17 34 Prepare lunches for younger Father H 6 17 children 13 5 18 Some other girl 31 26 57 Play with younger children.. .21 11 32 A boy 2 5 7 Clothing Alone 20 14 34 Plan purchase of clothes 8. Favorite Magazines Self 26 23 49 McCalTs 8 4 12 Others 8 2 10 Pictorial Review 3 1 4 Plan how clothes shall be made Ladies Home Journal 9 S 14 Alone 12 18 30 Liberty 1 2 3 Help plan 26 14 40 American 4 7 11 Make own dresses True Story 3 3 6 Wool 2 . 2 Child Life 3 2 S Silk 1 • 1 Movie Magazine 1 1 2 Cotton 5 7 12 American Girl 1 1 Make own under clothes 9. How Spend Vacation Gowns 10 10 20 Visiting 17 22 39 Pajamas 2 10 12 Stay Home 13 4 17 Slips 5 10 IS Go to camp 2 1 3 Slips S 4 9 Work 1 1 Brassieres 19 23 42 10. To what organizations do you Buy Ready-made Underclothes belong ? Gowns 12 13 25 Girls Scouts 3 1 4 Slips 16 IS 31 Christian Endeavor or Pajamas 17 7 24 League 4 2 6 Bloomers 28 28 S6 4-H Club 3 . 3 Brassiers 19 23 42 Small group clubs 6 4 10 Buy Ready-made Dresses None ■ 51 Wool 20 19 39 The next steps to be taken in developing Silk 26 22 48 Cotton 19 14 33 a home economics curriculum from the find- Preparation of Meals ings of the survey are: first, the major ac- Breakfast Alone S 4 9 tivities must be selected and arranged in Help with 7 S 12 order of frequency of occurrence; second, Dinner Alone 4 6 10 an analysis of each activity must be made as Help with S 4 9 to the smaller activities involved in its per- Supper Alone 7 10 17 formance and the information and skills Help with IS IS 30 necessary for an "understanding" perform- Put up lunches 13 S 18 Do marketing ance ; third, the activities should be grouped Go to Store 4 2 6 into short units of study for the various Phone 10 8 18 Laundry school years; fourth, desirable supplemen- Do alone—personal 28 19 47 tary information and activities, which will Do alone—Family 6 2 8 Help with 21 S 26 enrich, stimulate to further growth, and Iron 27 4 31 make these activities more effective, must be Make starch 9 6 IS Hang out clothes 21 4 25 selected and incorporated. Dry clean IS 9 24 There is yet much work to be done before TABLE II this home economics curriculum is complet- Other Information Which has a Bearing on ed. Perhaps further comment may be made Home Economics 7th 8th at some later date. Grade Grade Total Julia Robertson 1. Have an allowance 16 16 32 2. Have a job on Saturday 5 9 14 Frances Houck 80 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10. No. 3

OUR PRACTICE HOUSE The house on the south side is furnished in modern furniture of brown mahogany. A PRACTICE house on the Har- The living room is very homey with its gay risonburg campus is at last a real- English cretonne draperies and wing chair ity! It doesn't seem possible to to match. The love seats on each side of those of us who have waited so long and the fire-place are most inviting. Occasional moved so often. If you could picture for tables and a spinet desk add charm and yourself a lovely gray stone house on the comfort. A gateleg and a Priscilla sewing lines of a New England colonial, with its table, with a few odd chairs, complete the high pitched roof and its four dormer win- furniture of this room. dows, you might get a general idea of how The dining room, which opens into the our house looks. In reality, it is a double living room, has two sunny south windows house with different floor plans—two living and a door opening on the porch. This rooms, two dining rooms, two kitchens and furniture, too, is of brown mahogany and separate stairways. Here, two groups of is Sheraton in type. girls will live and carry on their work inde- The hall is merely an entrance vestibule pendently of each other. of comfortable size with a coat closet for The house is located just north of, and on each house. There is just room enough for a line with, the infirmary. It faces the a small table and mirror between the closet Valley Pike, with a lovely view of the Al- doors. leghanies in front and of the Massanutten A few antiques, supplemented by repro- at the back. ductions, were used as a basis for furnish- The plans for the practice house were ing the north house. The Sheraton sofa drawn by Robinson & Robinson, architects, and Chippendale wing chair, done in blue of Richmond, and the building was done by velour, are most comfortable and the an- the Harrisonburg Building and Supply tique desk with its ladder back chair is as Company. The house is fireproof in con- attractive as it is useful. Several Windsor struction and is wonderfully well built. chairs and candle stands and a table or two While it is not of any particular type, it give to this room a very hospitable air. The shows a decided colonial influence and that book cases we hope to get later. feeling has been fostered in the selection of The furniture for the dining room of the the furnishings. The light fixtures are of north house was planned to go with an old wrought iron with a touch of old brass. walnut drop-leaf table of Hepplewhite lines. Criss-cross curtains of ecru French mar- The room looks as if it were built for the quisette give a colonial atmosphere and twin corner cupboards and the long side- English cretonne and blocked linen drap- eries add a touch of color. The woodwork board. Split bottom chairs will be used as downstairs is old ivory and the floors are a makeshift until they can be replaced by oak; the upstairs woodwork is finished in others of suitable type. walnut with floors of rift pine. One kitchen is rather colorful with its red In planning the house, we have tried to tile linoleum floor. The woodwork is a deep keep in mind both the needs of the girls ivory of barrelled sunlight enamel. The and the needs of the family group. We are other kitchen is green and gray. Each has still old-fashioned enough to believe in big a 48-inch cabinet, and two utility cabinets living rooms with comfortable chairs and fitted with shelves for supplies and equip- cheery fires where the family can get to- ment. Kitchens are fitted with electric gether after dinner and chat or read or sew ranges and one has an electric refrigerator •—or just loaf. while the other has an iced refrigerator. March, 1929] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER SI

The cleaning closets for the first floor Shelf Near Outside Kitchen Door Scales, space for deliveries. are in the kitchens just at the living room Kitchen Closet doors. There are combination cleaning and Storage space for cleaning equipment for first linen closets in each house on the second floor, clothes basket for soiled table and kitchen linen. floor. While these plans for placing the equip- The practice house has furnished many ment have been rather carefully worked live and interesting problems for home out, it is more than likely that some changes economics classes. The seniors, especially, will be made after trying them out. One of have had a big part in planning and arrang- the advantages of having portable cabinets ing the equipment and furnishings. Good in the kitchens is that each group has the Housekeeping Institute co-operated with us opportunity to work out a better way. in the layout of our kitchens. You will see No new furniture has been bought for from the arrangement that things have been the bed rooms. The ivory furniture, which placed where they will be most convenient has been in use for ten years, will be done for use. over. Most of the other bed room furni- ARRANGEMENT OF KITCHEN EQUIP- ture is like that used in the dormitories. In MENT ON THE BASIS OF USE some cases, dressing tables will be impro- Near Sink and Small Table and Utility Cabinet vised. Dish pan and dish drain, dish mop, sink strain- The third floor of the house has not been er and sink stopper, plate scraper, sink and veg- etable brushes, kitchen towels and cloths, towel finished this year. As planned, it will have rack, garbage can, scissors, set of measuring three bed rooms with ample closet space, spoons, 2 teaspoons and 2 tablespoons, 2 measur- two bath rooms, and two hall closets. This ing cups, grapefruit corer, utility pan, paring will give seven bed rooms for students and knife, stainless lemon reamer, sieve, mayonnaise will take care of twelve or fourteen girls set, colander, pitcher, corkscrew, can opener, clover leaf set of heavy aluminium, small sauce- each quarter. pan, an 8-qt. saucepan, double boiler, 2 medium The basement floor plan is not shown mixing bowls, enamel, electric percolator, can of here. A stairway leads down from each coffee, set of refrigerator dishes, vegetable rack kitchen. Only a part of the basement is under sink, vegetable dishes, meat platters, small excavated, but ample storage space is pro- tray, sugar and creamer. vided for food supplies and fuel closets. Near Stove On one side there is a trunk room and on Small sieve, meat fork, pot holder, tea, tea ball, the other a small laundry with stationary tea pot, cake turner, ladle, large kitchen spoon, skillets, salt and pepper shakers, oven thermom- tubs and ironing board. Since the laundry eter. for the practice house is done at the college In Kitchen Cabinet and Utility Cabinet laundry, this problem is rather a simple one. Meat chopper, potato ricer, 4 sq. tin pans (bis- The only laundry which will be done for cuit, cake, rolls), 2 knives, 2 forks, wooden spoon, the house will be table napkins, curtains, spatula, paring knife, stainless, bread knife and and luncheon sets. But it will be a great cutting board, set of measuring spoons, 2 tea- convenience, as well as a labor saver to spoons and 2 tablespoons, 2 measuring cups, quart measure, graduated, utility pan, fish rack, square take all washing out of the bath rooms. An grater, fiat egg beater, Dover egg beater, flour outside entrance at the back makes the de- sifter, biscuit cutter, rolling pin and pastry board, livery of trunks possible without passing 2 sets muffin irons, 2 sets bread stick irons, oval through the house. enamel roasting pan, pie pan, set of mixing bowls, In order to give a good idea of our house enamel, 2 butcher knives, small funnel, knife and furniture, a floor plan of the first and sharpener, pyrex casserole, oblong pyrex baking dish, containers for supplies, cake box, cook book, second floors is shown. This plan was done recipe box. by Gertrude Drinker and Frances Hughes. THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3

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KEY TO FURNITURE INDICATED ON Second Floor FLOOR PLAN Bed Rooms for North and South Houses First Floor 1—Beds 2—Desks Vestibule 3—Chairs Taupe rug 4—Dressing tables 1 small table with mirror over it 5—Dressers NORTH HOUSE 6—Tables 1—Round candle stand 7—Chests of drawers or chiffoniers 2—Windsor chair Pearl Powers Moody 3—Slant top desk 4—Ladder back chair 5—Occasional table FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS 6—Comb back Windsor 7—Chair A Unit in Senior High School Home 8—Oval candle stand 9—Chippendale wing chair Economics 10—Sheraton sofa THE subject of family relationships 11,12—Windsor chairs 13—Table deals with problems of home and Id—Chair family life which accompanies nearly 15—Window seat *—Lamps, bridge and table every activity in our daily lives. Because Dining Room of the many phases of the subject and the 1—Drop leaf table nature of the problems involved, it some- 2—Twin corner cupboards times appears a difficult subject to teach. 3—Sideboard 4—Chairs The success in teaching a unit on family 5—Tea wagon relationships depends a great deal on the Kitchen 1—Electric range personality of the teacher and her back- 2—Utility cabinet for supplies ground and fitness for handling the subject. 3—Kitchen cabinet 4—Electric refrigerator The various phases of home economics 5——Tea wagon are taught in the Bridgewater High School 6—Sink 7—Table by means of unit courses varying in length 8—Utility cabinet for china and utensils from one to four weeks. With the develop- 9—Cleaning closet 10—Stool ment of home economics, we have found it SOUTH HOUSE necessary to include a short unit dealing 1—Spinet desk 2—Windsor chair with special problems in family and com- 3—Occasional table munity relationships as part of our home 4—Wing chair 5—Windsor chair economics instruction. We have been teach- 6—Gateleg table ing a short unit course on good manners at 7, 8—Love seats 9,10—Occasional tables home and in public places but this was not 11—Chair broad enough. The following unit was 12—Priscilla sewing table 13—Window seat planned for a group of high school seniors. ♦—Lamps, bridge and table Two weeks, or more if needed, should be Dining Room allowed in the home economics schedule 1—Table 2—Serving table for the unit. An attempt has been made to 3—Buffet make the subject matter broad enough to 4—China closet 5—Chairs cover most of the phases of home and com- Kitchen munity relationships. The teacher may find 1—Electric range 2—Kitchen cabinet it advisable to omit some of the topics sug- 3—Utility cabinet for supplies gested. She should be alert for individual 4—Refrigerator 5—Sink and group problems of social adjustment as 6—Utility cabinet for china and utensils presented in her class from time to time. 7—Table By a study of specific cases in family life, 8—Cleaning closet 9—Stool members of the class will suggest problems 84 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3 of their own observation and experience (c) Development that may be made the basis for assignments (2) Mental and discussion. (3) Moral What the Girls Will Do b. They will discuss the main- tenance of the family. I. They will study the family as a social (1) The father's share unit. (a) Financial support A. They will study the importance of (b) Household services the family as a fundamental social (c) Protection group and its bearing on all other (d) Companionship social groups. (e) Care and training of 1. They will make a contrast be- children tween life among animals and hu- (f) Heredity man beings to better understand (2) Mother's share the nature of the family. (a) Services rendered in 2. They will study briefly the origin feeding the family, and development of the family as the protection, care a background for the study of the and training of chil- modern family. dren, care of the 3. They will study and discuss the house, management changes affecting family life. of finances, and in a. The changing home. creation of a good b. Employment of women out- home atmosphere. side the home. (b) Occupation outside c. Less canning, less cooking, the home and earn- and less dressmaking done in ing in the home. the home affording more leis- (3) Older children's share ure and less activity in home (a) Financial support life. for self entirely or in d. The growth of cities and the part. modern trend to city life. (b) Assist parents o r e. The size of the income and its other members of the influence on family problems family. and life. (4) Review and apply infor- f. The use and misuse of the mation learned in the automobile and its influence study of budgeting. upon the family. 2. They will study specific cases to B. They will study the functions of the show the share of each member family. of the family in the maintenance 1. The rearing of children in a good of the family. home atmosphere, II. They will study the responsibility of the a. They will list and discuss the members of the family to each other. things a child should receive A. The girls will bring up problems of from its family life. their own observation and experience (1) Physical to show the need and value of sym- (a) Food pathy, understanding, loyalty, affec- (b) Protection tion and courtesy in family life. March, 1929] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 85

B. They will study the value of coopera- C. They will list the responsibilities of tion within the family group. the home to the community. 1. They will make a division of the D. The girls will agree on a list of household jobs in their own fam- their personal responsibilities to the ily whereby there is an exchange community. of service and recreation for all. '. They will study the girls personal re- C. They will study family enjoyment lationship to her family. and the use of leisure time. A. They will choose and study the life 1. They will study the conditions af- of someone whose personality is out- fecting the higher life of the standing such as Helen Keller, Helen family. Wills, Mrs. Hoover, the home eco- a. Limitation of the income. nomics club sponsor, or an influential b. Standards of living. teacher. c. The interest and cooperation B. They will list and discuss the girls of the family group. responsibilities to her family. d. Entertainment available in the 1. They will make a score card and community. measure their personal responsi- 2. They will study books and maga- bilities. zines suitable for the family mem- 2. They will list the things to be con- bers. sidered in deciding what kind of 3. They will plan for an evening at a person they would like to be. home with or without expense. They will group these factors 4. They will list and discuss possible under the following headings. recreation outside the home to be (a) Elements of character shared by all members of the (b) Ability to live pleasantly family individually and as a with others group. (c) Qualities of personal attrac- III. They will study the relationship of the tiveness. family to the community. C. They will study and cultivate good A. They will list the common needs, manners in the home and in public purposes, and interest of the com- places. munity. Discuss the meaning of a 1. Practice table service and eti- community. quette. 1. They will list the agencies in the 2. Write invitations, acceptances, community which make for bet- "bread and butter" letters. ter home life. They will discuss 3. Practice introductions. th? methods of securing the co- operation of these agencies. 4. Offer and accept apologies gra- ciously. 2. They will discuss the values of the school, church, good streets, 5. Discuss right conduct in relation and roads to the home and com- to boys and girls. munity. D. They will study how to assume re- B. They will discuss and compare a sponsibility in unusual circumstances. farm community with a town or city 1. The care of younger brothers and community as to industries, amuse- sisters in the home ments, religious opportunities, and 2. Absence of family members educational advantages. 3. Illness in the family 86 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3

4. Entertaining guests and being a 2. The biological, social, economic, guest and political purposes of family a. Plan the entertainment of a life. house guest for the week-end. 3. The present status of the family b. Plan the games and entertain- and what changes have brought ments for a party. about these conditions. c. Plan forms of recreation and B. They will learn the functions of the entertainment for the home family as a social unit. economics club. 1. The importance of environment V. They will study vocations for girls. for the proper development of the A. They will make a survey of the posi- child physically, mentally, and tions open to girls and the training morally. required for each. 2. The share of each member of the 1. Professional fields family in family maintenance. 2. Commercial fields 3. The advantages and disadvan- 3. Artistic fields tages of the different methods of 4. Industrial fields. providing the income. B. They will study the requirements 4. The value of a budget in the so- each occupation makes upon those lution of family financial prob- who enter it. lems. 1. Physical qualities II. They will learn how each member of the 2. Qualities of temperament family may contribute to family life. 3. Personal qualities A. They will learn what the family owes 4. Education the child and what the child owes the 5. Experience and skill family. 6. Opportunities for advancement 1. How to develop loyalty, sympa- 7. Incomes thy, affection, and courtesy to- 8. Effect of vocation upon the per- ward each other. son employed. 2. The value of cooperation within C. They will study stories of successful the family group. women and how they attained suc- 3. How to budget time in the house- cess. hold so that every one shares the D. They will consider the requirements responsibility and upkeep of the for occupations in which they are home and provides recreation for particularily interested, then check to all. find out if they measure up to the 4. How to provide recreation of the requirements in, social qualities, gen- right kind in the home and out- eral intelligence, financial considera- side and keep within the family tions, interests, and tendencies. income. 5. How to select and use books and Information to he Gained magazines to provide recreation I. They will learn the social significance of in the home. the family. 6. The responsibilities of the girl to A. They will gain a background knowl- the family in helping to plan rec- edge of the origin and development reation for the family. of the family. HI. They will leam the responsibilities of 1. How animal life is organized into the family to the community. a simple form of family life. A. They will learnf the responsibilities March, 1929] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 87

of the individual to the community 4. They will learn correct habits in in which they live. health, food selection and con- 1. What agencies make for better sumption, care of clothing, care home life and how to secure the of the body, and proper dress for cooperation of these agencies. girls. 2. The chief needs and interests of V. They will learn the essential points to the community. consider in choosing a vocation. 3. The duties as a citizen in main- A. They will learn what positions are taining good schools, churches, open to girls and how to train for and roads. them. 4. To regard public property and B. They will find out what vocations are private property of others. most desirable from the stand point 5. To regard law and law makers. of the individual's qualifications. B. They will learn the responsibilities of Attitudes and Ideals Strengthened the home to the community. 1. A greater appreciation of home and fam- 1. How to make the home more at- ily life. tractive 2. An appreciation of the contribution of 2. How to make the home more the family to the welfare of each mem- sanitary and aid in civic better- ber of the group. ment. 3. A keener realization of the girl's re- IV. They will learn the girls personal re- sponsibilities and the responsibilities of sponsibilities to her family. her home to the community. A. They will learn the importance of 4. An appreciation of the contribution of personality in their relationship to the community to the home and to the others. individual. 1. The outstanding qualities in the 5. A realization of the importance of good personality of others: character, manners and right conduct at all times. tone of voice, courtesy and per- BIBLIOGRAPHY sonal appearance, ability to live For Pupils pleasantly with others, sincerity Abel. Successful Family Life on a Moderate Income. J. B. Lippincott Co. and loyalty. Gibson. On Being a Girl. Macmillan Co. 2. They will learn good manners and Groves. Social Problems of the Family. J. B. Lippincott Co. right conduct at home as well as Kinyon and Hopkins, Junior Home Problems. in public places. Benj. H. Sanborn Co. Wiggins. Mother Carey's Chickens. a. Table service and etiquette Roosevelt, Theodore. Letters to His Children. b. How to write invitations and Chas. Scribners Sons. South Philadelphia High School. Everyday Man- acceptances ners. Macmillan Co. Spencer. The Family and Its Members. J. B. c. How to give and receive in- Lippincott Co. troductions Starrett. The Charm of Fine Manners. J. B. d. How to offer and accept apol- Lippincott Co. The Log Cabin Lady. Little Brown and Co. ogies For Teachers Charters, W. W. The Traits of Homemakers, e. How to conduct themselves in Journal of Home Economics, December, 1926. their relation to older people Kugel, Daisy Alice. Teaching Family Relation- and to boys ships, Journal of Home Economics, January, 1929. f. Fulfilling promises Post, Emily. Etiquette. Turner, Marcia Elizabeth. Teaching Family Re- 3. They will learn how to assume lationships, Journal of Home Economics, No- responsibility in unusual circum- vember, 1927. stances. AnuiF.NNF. Goodwin 88 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10. No. 3

THE FUNDAMENTAL PRIN- new before it is justifiable to discard the old. CIPLES OF HOME ECO- This is the quality which gives life and in- terest to the economic aspect of selection NOMICS and possession. THE fundamental principles underly- To select with the ideas of beauty and ing Home Economics are found by use in mind involves an appreciation of analyzing the principles or rules of what is beautiful, and an analysis of the use action underlying the everyday activities to which the material will be subjected. Ap- and life of the woman in the home as she preciation is relative. What is beautiful to has to manage it. i. e., home situations. To one is not always so to another. However, me the most outstanding one is selection. a good test to apply before buying anything, Selection of the right thing for the right especially on a limited amount, is—'"Shall place, the right use, the right person, gov- I thoroughly enjoy living with this thing erned by locality, social and economic levels, throughout its possible existence?" To an- esthetic enjoyment, and the physical and swer this question honestly involves much mental well-being of all the individuals con- thought and some idea, conscious or other- cerned. wise, of why a thing is good. Its relative Modern living is a selective process, and value in the scheme of things then begins selection is becoming more and more an art to appear logically. Mrs. Richards has said and a science. We have so many things that Home Economics stands for "the sim- concerned with shelter, food, clothing, and plicity in material surroundings which will playthings to select from; we have so many most free the spirit for the more important interest which necessitate a selection of the and permanent interests of the home and most worthwhile to our life, and to the in- of society." Without an appreciation of fluence we exert, consciously or unconsci- what is fundamentally good, and of the fit- ously, upon those about us; wa have so ness of things, this ideal cannot be reached. many places to go; so many books and Aside from knowing what is good in line, magazines to read; so much music to hear, form, and color, there is another phase of and so many plays to see; we have so much appreciation which is very important in our money to spend or to save. Homemakers field of work; that of workmanship, and the have all this to guide for the members of materials themselves. The best, and I be- their families, and it involves a keen and lieve the only sincere way to appreciate a intelligent appreciation of relative values. thing or an occupation, is to make the thing The secret of success lies in knowing and perform the task oneself. Manipula- what is both beautiful and useful. There tion, or individual experience in the many should always be a close relationship be- phases of homemaking is necessary if the tween beauty and use, in order to give the aim be the development of wise and intelli- most permanent satisfaction. To study the gent selection based upon sound apprecia- works in all phases of art through the peri- tion. If in our technical work our focus ods before the industrial era gives one evi- is not on the technique for its own sake, dence of this. E. A. Batchelder in his but its true relationship to the thing done, book, Design in Theory and Practice, is we will stimulate an appreciation of the most convincing on this point. Permanent workmanship and responsibilities of others satisfaction eliminates restlessness, irrita- which our students utilize in everyday life. tion, and a constant desire for something Will this not aid in creating an intelligent attitude in our social structure which will Excerpts from a paper read before the Virginia State Home Economics Association, November make this world a better place in which to 30, 1928. live ? Will this not establish a more intelli- March, 1929] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 89 gent selection of material things, and a more RESEARCH WORK IN HOME appreciative use of them, together with an ECONOMICS AT THE AGRI- appreciation of the service rendered by CULTURAL EXPERIMENT others ? STATIONS Utilization is the last point I wish to men- tion. In this day of labor saving devices ARE MOST of the children in Vir- there is need for more intelligence in the ginia adequately fed ? Are they get- home about the care and use of them based ting milk, green vegetables, and fruit upon the science involved. There are both sufficient for growing children? Are col- economic and aesthetic principles involved lard and turnip greens a good source of in the serious consideration of the proper vitamins? When these greens are cooked care and utilization of all the material things are most of the vitamins lost? Can onion brought into the home. Time and money are or garlic flavor and odor be removed from released when this is thoughtfully managed. milk? If so, by what method? Will the We are confronted with the problem of the dyed sheets stand light and laundering? worthy use of leisure time, and the wise What types of sheeting wear the longest? investing of money. These, too, are prob- Do ultra-violet rays penetrate through lems of the home which could be discussed clothing materials? at great length. The answers to these questions and many The purpose of education is training for others have been sought by home econom- a high type of citizenship. As the world ists engaged in research work at the agri- advances toward the concept of perfection, cultural experiment stations and recently the the ideals of what this means are constantly answers to these particular questions have broadening to a higher level. The training been found wholly or in part. For the three for homeraaking citizenship left the home year period, 192S-1928, seventy-eight re- and was undertaken by the schools. Now ports were published on problems which the very obvious cooperation between the concern the home either directly or indi- progressive and trained homemakers, and rectly. During the current year, over 100 education for homemaking is leading into projects in the field of home economics un- the type of home which fits into modem der about that number of research workers life, as Mrs. Richards again says, "the ideal are being carried on in forty-two states. home life for today unhampered by the More than a quarter of a million dollars is traditions of the past." alloted to these studies. Of the 101 pro- Thus I believe that selection, apprecia- jects, sixty-five relate to food and nutrition, tion, manipulation, and utilization with their five to textiles and clothing, three to hous- relative divisions and sub-divisions are the ing, and twenty-eight are social and eco- fundamental principles in Home Economics. nomic problems. Lillian A. Cummings At present many more problems are being studied in food and nutrition than in qther CO-OPERATIVE SUPERVISION fields, but this is to be expected because Co-operation has been arranged between food and nutrition is the field of home eco- the University of Virginia and the school nomics first developed. A number of these authorities of the county of Alberaarle and projects are concerned with the vitamin con- of the city of Charlottesville by which an tent of various foods or with the effect on associate professor of the university, Mr. this content of cultural methods, degree of Eustace E. Windes, will be "director of maturity, milling, cooking, drying, and stor- supervision" for the schools of the county age. Several other projects are studies of and the city.—School Life. the effect of various factors, such as age, 90 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3 feed, temperature, and time of cooking, on being made of the standard of living of the quality and palatability of beef and farm families and of the use of time by lamb. Two states are doing research work homemakers. Other studies deal with fuels on iron, one to determine the iron content for cooking purposes; use of electricity in of edible wild greens and the other to de- the farm home; home accounts for the fam- termine (1) how to conserve the iron in ily on the farm and in the small town; liv- vegetables through methods of preparation ing conditions of boarding students in agri- and cooking and (2) the variations in iron cultural high schools; index numbers of content of vegetables grown on different money cost of living in small towns and soils. Other studies are to determine the farms; management analyses of family following: the apparent prevalence of nu- finances; and efficiency of the home laundry tritional diseases in rural school children plant. between the ages of six and twelve years; These research studies are being carried utilization of calcium and phosphorus from on under the direction of the agricultural fresh, dried, and evaporated milk; the experiment stations of which there is one metabolism of obesity; the anti-rachitic po- in each state and in a few instances two or tency of the sun's rays at the latitude of three. With a few exceptions the experi- Kentucky; determination of the food re- ment station is located at the same place and quirements of pre-school children; stand- is closely connected, as is also the agricul- ards for cooking vegetables in the electric tural extension work, with the state agri- oven; and the economic utilization of sur- cultural college. In all but eight of the plus food products, with special reference forty-eight states there is a home economics to the problems of the home. One project department at the agricultural college, so which is perhaps of special interest to the research work in home economics, al- teachers of foods and nutrition in Virginia though a part of the agricultural experi- is the study of the determination and identi- ment station, can be carried on in close fication of the organisms which cause spoil- cooperation with the resident instruction de- age of canned vegetables in the South. partment and also with the extension work Aside from the projects previously men- in home economics. In many states, this tioned in the field of textiles and clothing, makes the state agricultural college the cen- several others of especial interest are as ter for college courses, cooperative exten- follows: the protective value of certain sion work, and experiment station work in clothing fabrics (1) against heat and cold, agriculture and home economics. (2) against sunburn, and (3) against heat Although experiment station funds pro- loss when air is in motion; factors affecting vided for by the Congress of the United the selection, care, and wearing qualities of States in the Hatch Act of 1887 and the textile materials; the influence of sunlight Adams Act of 1906 probably could have on the durability and color of cotton fab- been used for research projects relating to rics; fiber quality and physical qualities in the farm home, nevertheless, it was not relation to the cost of staple wool materials; until the passage of the Pumell Act in 1925 and the reliability of consumer's judgment that definite mention was made of the use as to the durability of cotton materials. of funds for this purpose. This Act ex- Two studies dealing with housing are— tended the scope of experiment station work "Basic factors in farm home planning" and to include the welfare of all who are liv- "Housing in relation to farm labor turn- ing in a rural environment and specifically over." mentioned the farm home. In the new field of social and economic In speaking of the Act, the Secretary of problems of the home several studies are Agriculture said: "If farm management March, 1929] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 91 studies have contributed to economy and but also special training in one or more efficiency in the operation of the farm, fields. Just now, as shown by the number similar studies in home management should of projects in the various fields, there is give equal return in lightening the burdens more need of special training for the study of the farm woman and give added oppor- of textiles and clothing and for housing and tunity for the care and training of children, child study problems than in the field of for social and community work, and for the food and nutrition. As research work is organization of a more satisfactory home developing in quality and broadening in its life. Money invested in these problems may scope, there is scarcely a field in which use not yield as immediate returns in the farm is not being made of statistics; a research income as studies on the feeding of pigs, worker therefore needs at least an elemen- but it may easily mean immensely more in tary course in this line as part of her train- the development of a sound and enduring ing. agricultural civilization on which to found Before becoming a project leader, one a prosperous and progressive nation. Taken should have the experience gained from as a whole, the home economics field should working under several different leaders of receive every possible encouragement, and broad experience in their particular fields wherever leadership is available serious in- of research. Such experience for the be- vestigational work should be undertaken." binner is likely to save her from many dis- The Pumell Act provided an initial ap- couragements frequently met with by the propriation of $20,000 to each state with an new worker in research. increase of $10,000 a year until the total Inasmuch as a long period of training and amount reaches $60,000 in 1930. No spe- experience and a long time is frequently re- cific part of this amount is set aside for quired in order to solve research problems, any particular lines of work, but the direc- a person should consider a position in this tors of the experiment stations in forty-two line as one for a period of years rather than states have allotted about $252,000 to home as one for a year or two. Because of the economics projects. At present, the states high qualifications required, and also be- are contributing very little from state funds cause at the present time there are not to this work, but it is hoped they will add enough persons with sufficient training and to the fund in the next few years so that experience to meet the demand, the salaries this long neglected field of research will be for research workers are higher than for proportionately as well provided for as agri- some other lines of work in the home eco- culture. nomics field. In research work it frequent- Although at the present time there are ly happens that a problem requires two or probably less than 100 project leaders and three years of study before a solution is assistants giving their time to experiment found. In some instances a problem has station problems in home economics, the even required a life time to solve it. number of such workers is increasing year As soon as the research worker has solved by year as more funds are allotted to this her problem she usually gets the results of work. Furthermore, the increasing demand her studies to the public by publication. The by commercial firms for research workers full reports of research studies made by any tends to decrease the number available for state experiment station are generally pub- experiment station work. lished as separate bulletins. These reports The qualifications for such positions are are also summarized briefly in the Experi- high. The research worker needs not only ment Station Record which is published an all-round training in home economics monthly by the Office of Experiment Sta- with a sound arts and science background tions, United States Department of Agri- 92 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10. No. 3 culture, and may be found in many libraries Habits and Food Expenditures of Farm keeping agricultural books and periodicals. Families in Virginia," and the other a study Perhaps the easiest way for most home of, "The Relation of Rural Housing to economists to keep in touch with the results Health." of research studies is through the Journal It is the aim of the Virginia Agricultural of Home Economics, since most home eco- Experiment Station to undertake first the nomists subscribe for the magazine or have study of those problems in home economics access to it. Either a full report is publish- which are of most concern to the homes of ed or a brief summary of these studies are the State. The Station is glad to have home- given in the section of the Journal recently makers, teachers, extension workers and assigned to Research. A few of the re- others interested in the home, write to the ports have appeared in the Journal of Bio- Experiment Station concerning unsolved logical Chemistry and some in the Ameri- problems in the field of home economics. can Journal of Physiology. Ilena M. Bailey In Virginia and a number of other states it is possible to have one's name put on a mailing list to receive the bulletins on home SUPPLEMENTING LIBRARY economics whenever they are published. The REFERENCE MATERIAL bulletins are usually sent free of charge to TO THE teacher of Home Economics residents of a particular state and nearly in a school whose library facilities always can be obtained free or for a small are limited the wealth of scientifically sum by persons outside the so long as the accurate material distributed by commercial supply lasts. The United States Depart- firms should prove a bonanza. ment of Agriculture and some of the states Properly classified and filed, a collection keep a mailing list to whom they send an- of the booklets, charts, and exhibits obtain- nouncements of the titles of new bulletins able on various topics should prove very as these are issued from time to time. helpful to students in preparing special re- The Virginia Agricultural Experiment ports, as supplementary reference for class Station has published bulletin No. 250, on work, and perhaps instead of a textbook. one of the studies undertaken in the field The educational departments of many of home economics. The title of this is, commercial firms are now employing highly "The Relation Between Dietary Habits and trained people who are preparing much ex- Health of Children in Rural Sections of cellent material either for free distribution Virginia." It is an investigation of dietary to teachers or at a nominal cost. habits and of their relation to the health of While this list of manufacturers in no 900 rural children. Comprising this group wise represents all those who supply materi- are 115 white children of pre-school age al to schools, the information regarding the 462 of school age. Three-hundred-twenty- material available from each one named is three negro school children are also includ- up-to-date, the writer having received a let- ed in the study. Dr. Reynolds found the ter from each of the firms listed together diet of fifty-two per cent of the pre-school with samples of the material, since the mid- children, seventy-two per cent of the white school children, and seventy-one per cent of dle of October. the negro school children questionable on It is suggested that any teacher desiring account of the small amounts of protective to secure booklets or charts for use in her foods used. Two other studies have been school write to the firm supplying them, made and are now being prepared for pub- stating where and what she is teaching and lication. One of these is a study of, "Dietary for what purpose the material is to be used. MARCH, 1929] THE VIRGIN! A TEACHER 93

A PARTIAL LIST OF COMMERCIAL FIRMS 3. Pamphlet—Process of the manufacture of SUPPLYING USABLE REFERENCE Corn Products. Pet Milk Company, 1401 Arcade Building, St. MATERIAL FOR HOME ECO- Louis, Missouri. NOMICS CLASSES 1. Vitamins in Milk (Free Unless Otherwise Stated) 2. From Pasture to Pantry 3. Drinks and Desserts. FOODS NUTRITION AND HEALTH McCormick and Company, Inc., Home Economics National Live Stock and Meat Board, 407 S. Department, Light, Barre and Charles Streets, Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. Baltimore, Maryland. 1. Ten Lessons on Meat—10 cents 1. Ye Early History of Tea—Illustrated 2. 101 Meat Recipes—Olde and New 2. The Charm of Tea A collection of tested meat recipes, also Describes the service of tea, with suggestions Practical Hints on Meat Cookery. for afternoon tea menus. 3. Meat and Meat Cookery 3. Tea—Describes the growth, drying, blending, 4. Cashing in on Lamb mixing, and packing of tea Tells how to cut lamb for cooking. 4. Spice Text Book 5. Meat Charts—Notebook size Lists and describes the origin, growth, and Identification of wholesale and retail cuts, manufacture of spices—Illustrated in color. also set of four wall charts in color. 5. Story of Extracts The Postum Company, Incorporated, Battle Creek, Describes the complete process involved in Michigan. the manufacture of extracts. 1. Food Chart—Contains a long list of food California Fruit Growers Exchange, Educational values on an average serving of food ma- Department, Los Angeles, California. terials—convenient in size. 1. Sunkist food lessons, and recipe leaflets 2. A Plan for the Day's Choice of Food 2. Handy Recipe Card File—55 cents each if 3. The School Lunch twelve or more are ordered at one time Contains menus and suggestions for prepar- 3. Educational Films—(write for name of near- ing hot lunch at school. est distributor). 4. Long Life to your Children's Teeth 5. Hidden Treasure and the wonderful Lunch Royal Baking Powder Company, 100 East 42nd Boxes Street, New York, N. Y. Interesting story form for grade children. 1. Any One Can Bake—pricc^ twenty cents and 6. Build Strong Teeth a slip from any Royal Baking Powder Can. A very pretty poster. The Quaker Oats Company, 80 East Jackson 7. A Schol Exhibit Chart Showing How Street, Chicago, 111. Grains are prepared for the Nature's Table. 1. Two motion picture films about grains and National Dairy Council, 307 N. Michigan Ave., the manufacture of cereals Chicago, 111. a. Ten Pounds to the Bushel 1. Pamphlet—containing a list of Health Edu- b. Food Shot from Guns cation material which includes posters, book- There is no charge for the use of these films lets, health play, health films, and lantern beyond the cost of transportation. slides with prices. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York City. 2. Your Balance Sheet 1. Pellagra An individual weight growth record chart. 2. Rickets and Scurvy 3. Health in Many Lands 3. Other health bulletins. A series of illustrations in color; size 9 Household Refrigeration Bureau, S1 Chambers inchs by 12 inchs. St., New York, N. Y. The Borden Company, Nutrition Division, 350 1. Food Wholesomeness, Food Economy, Food Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. Quality 1. Nutrition and Health—with suggested lesson 2. Where to Place Food in the Home Re- outlines frigerator 2. Child Health—contains an interesting Health 3. The Care of the Home Refrigerator History Chart. 4. Why we Refrigerate Foods Evaporated Milk Association, 231 South La Salle 5. The Romance of Ice Street, Chicago, III. 6. Journeys with Refrigerated Eggs. 1. Eating for Efficiency Certo Corporation—Home Economics Service, 2. Evaporated Milk—What it is, why it is Rochester, N. Y. 3. Tested Recipes for Church Suppers, School 1. A sample kit containing small bottle of Certo Lunches, Cafeterias. and directions for using. The Wheatena Company, Wheatenaville, Rahway, California Dried Fruit Research Institute, Fresno, New Jersey. California 1. Feeding the Child from Crib to College 1. A monthly publication containing recipes and 2. Wall Chart showing a much enlarged grain directions for using dried fruits. of wheat. Home Makers' Educational Service, 22-24 South Corn Products Refining Company, 17 Battery Grove St., Freeport, New York. Place, New York, N. Y. Ask to be put on their mailing list to receive 1. An exhibit of products made from corn. samples, charts, and literature relating to 2. Recipe books for corn starch, karo, mazola various household utilities. 94 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3

IVashburn Crosby Company, Home Service De- 1. Plans for educational material not yet for- partment, Minneapolis, Minnesota. mulated 1. Model Mill Chart—15 cents Write for information. 2. Bread-Making Chart—IScents Butterick Publishing Company, Educational Ser- 3. Kernel of Wheat Chart—IS cents vice Department, Butterick Building, New York, 4. Baking Better Bread—10 cents N. Y. 5. Story of Wheat from Seed to Flour—Free 1. Dress Making with the Aid of Patterns 6. Wheat and Four Booklet—Free. An illustrated booklet giving detailed in- Calumet Baking Powder Company, Chicago, 111. structions for altering patterns, and fitting 1. Modern Baking Powder garments. A discussion of the ingredients of baking 2. Wall Chart—Illustrating the fundamental powder. principles of measuring and fitting. American Stove Company, St. Louis, Missouri. Singer Sewing Machine Company, Room 310, 1. Time and Temperature Oven Cooking Singer Building, New York, N. I. A recipe book which gives the temperature 1. A Manual of Family Sewing Machines for baking the product. Contains instructions for cleaning, oiling, The Quaker Oats Company, 80 East Jackson St., and adjusting all types of Singer machines. Chicago, 111. 2. Wall Charts—A set of five illustrating stitch 1. Hob o' the Mill formation of the four different types of fam- History of grain foods and what they have ily sewing machines. meant to the human race in the story form. M. J. Whittal Associates, Worchester, Massa- Historically accurate tales of primitive, anci- chusetts. ent, medieval, and colonial children. 1. Booklet—The Romance of the Magic Carpets 2. Grain Through the Ages Contains descriptions and illustrations of A story of the use of grain as food in dif- Oriental Designs. ferent countries. W. E. Wright & Sons Co., Scotland Road, 3. What Science Says About Oats and Other Orange, New Jersey. Cereals. 1. Booklet—Bias fold Tape and Trimmings TEXTILES AND CLOTHING Contains suggestions for attractive Christ- American Woolen Company, Boston, Massachu- mas articles made by using bias tape. setts. Conde Nast Co., New York City. 1. From Wool to Cloth 1. Vogue's Book of Practical Dressmaking An illustrated booklet which describes the What its name implies. process of making cloth from wool. MISCELLANEOUS F. C. Huyck and Sons, Kenwood Mills, Albany, Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, New Jersey. N. Y. 1. Household Handbook 1. A set of Educational Charts—Seven Tells how to prevent the spread of disease, Show graphically the process of weaving how to keep well, first aid to the injured, etc. wool. 2. First Aid Instruction Outline B elding Hemminway Company, 318-320 West 3. Adhesive Plaster Bandaging in Athletics Baltimore St., Baltimore, Maryland. 4. A Book with a Mission 1. Silk Culture Cabinet and Chart Concise information about communicable Shows the development of silk from the egg diseases, and how to control them. to the finished product—Price, $2.50. Procter and Gamble, Educational Department, Cincinnati, Ohio. The Corticelli Silk Company, Florence, Massa- 1. Approved methods in Home Laundering— chusetts. 10 cents 1. Teacher's Silk Culture Cabinet 2. House-cleaning Hints Contains mounted specimens showing the various stages of the development of the 3. Art of Being Charming. silk worm—5.00. A special price of $2.50 to Y. C. Johnson and Son, Racine, Wisconsin. schools 1. A portfolio showing finished panels of wood, 2. A set of eight cards containing mounted also pamphlets telling how to refinish wood, specimens showing each step in the manu- etc. facturing process from the raw silk to the Julia Robertson. finished product. 3. Teacher's Silk Culture Chart PRESENT DAY EMPHASIS IN HOME Contains engravings showing the different steps in the culture and manufacture of silk. ECONOMICS 4. Silk, Its Origin, Culture, and Manufacture A book whose title describes its contents— The Journal of Home Economics usually 50 cents. has the seven leading articles in each issue Cheney Brothers, 181 Madison Ave., New York, listed on the cover. The large percentage N. Y. I. An exhibit consisting of seven charts which of these articles written on social and fam- describe each process in the manufacture ily relationships and child development is of silk—$1.00. The Rayon Institute of America, 250 Fifth Ave- strongly indicative of present day emphasis nue, New York, N. Y. in home economics. March, 1929] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 95

ANNOUNCEMENTS college with at least fifteen hours in profes- sional training, and two years of practical STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION experience as school principal or supervisor, List of Eligibles for Division or five years' experience as a teacher, or Superintendents 2. Graduation from a standard four-year UNDER the amended Constitution college with degree of B. S. or A. B., with county and city superintendents are four years' experience as school principal appointed by local school boards or supervisor, or six years' experience as a from a list of eligibles approved by the teacher; and State Board of Education. For some time 3. General administrative ability as evi- the Department of Education has been re- denced by practical experience in business ceiving applications and carefully assessing or in the business administration of educa- the qualifications of the various applicants. tion. On January ISth last, at a meeting of the 4. The college training or experience of State Board of Education, a list of new the applicant shall have been within a period applicants was presented for the approval of ten years from the date of the application of this Board. The Board authorized the for a superintendency. Department to place upon the list other ap- SUPERINTENDENTS IN VIRGINIA proved applicants whose papers were re- All of Whom are Eligible for Reappointment ceived prior to February 1st. County Accomac—J. M. Shue, Parksley. At the same meeting the State Board in- Albemarle—A. L. Bennett, Charlottesville. terpreted the minimum requirements set up Alleghany—J. G. Jeter, Covington. for eligibility as not retroactive and there- Amelia—W. R. Wrigglesworth, Blackstone. Amherst—W. D. Cox, Amherst. fore not applicable to the superintendents Appomattox—J. A. Burke, Appomattox. now employed. Two lists of eligibles are Arlington—Fletcher Kemp, Rosslyn. Augusta—F. M. Somerville, Staunton. therefore set up, one comprising all super- Bath—T. R. Sinclair, Millboro Springs. intendents now employed by the State Bedford—J. A. G. Shipley, Bedford. Bland—J. A. Wagner, Bland. Board of Education, and the second list all Botetourt—E. A. Painter, Fincastle. other applicants who meet the minimum re- Brunswick—R. Lee Chambliss, Lawrenceville. Buchanan—Percy V. Dennis, Grundy. quirements fixed by the Board. Buckingham—P. F. Jones, New Canton. Of the present superintendents approxi- Campbell—J. J. Fray, Rustburg. mately eighty per cent meet beyond question Caroline—W. A. Vaughan, Bowling Green. Carroll—J. Lee Cox, Woodlawn. the new requirements, and in a number of Charles City—Clarence Jennings, Toano. other instances the type of administrative Charlotte—R. W. Robbitt, Keysville. Chesterfield—T. C. Williams, Chester. and supervisory work actually done by these Clarke-—Leslie D. Kline, Winchester. men would make them clearly eligible for Craig—J. W. McCleary, New Castle. Culpeper—T. W. Hendrick, Culpeper. consideration. Cumberland—O. G. Bailey, Cumberland. The Board decided to place all present Dickenson—J. H. T. Sutherland, Clintwood. superintendents on the list. This is in ac- Dinwiddie—W. A. Scarborough, Dinwiddie. Elizabeth City—Robert M. Newton, Hampton. cord with the uniform policy of the Board, Essex—W. G. Rennolds, Center Cross. since in years gone by when the qualifica- Fairfax—M. D. Hall, Burke. tions of superintendents were raised or the Fauquier—-J. C. Ambler, Warrenton. Floyd—I. L. Epperly, Floyd. standards of the teaching profession were Fluvanna—J. P. Snead, Fork Union. made higher, the regulations affecting these Franklin—H. W. Ramsey, Rocky Mount. Frederick—Leslie D. Kline, Winchester. standards have not been retroactive. Giles—R. H. Farrier, Newport. Following are the minimum requirements Gloucester—J. W. Kenney, Gloucester. Goochland—S. C. Cottrell, Lee. for eligibility: Grayson—Kyle T. Cox, Independence. I. Graduation from a standard four-year Greene—A. W. Yowell, Peola Mills. 96 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3

Greensville—Henry Maclin, North Emporia. Danville—G. L. H. Johnson, Danville. Halifax—H. J. Watkins, South Boston. Fredericksburg— Fredericksburg. Hanover—J. Walton Hall, Ashland. Harrisonburg—W. H. Keister, Harrisonburg. Henrico—U. W. Peters, Henrico C. H., Richmond. Henry—B. Clifford Goode, Martinsville. Lynchburg—E. C. Glass, Lynchburg. Highland—R. E. Mauzy, R. 1, Monterey. Newport News—J. H. Saunders, Newport News. Isle of Wight—L. T. Hall, Windsor. Norfolk—C. W. Mason, Norfolk. Petersburg—H. G. Ellis, Petersburg. James City—Clarence Jennings, Toano. Portsmouth—H. A. Hunt, Portsmouth. King and Queen—W. G. Rennolds, Center Cross. Radford—W. K. Barnett, East Radford. King George—T. B. Gayle, Stafford. Richmond—A. H. Hill, Richmond. King William—W. E. Garber, Palls. Roanoke—D. E. McQuilkin, Roanoke. Lancaster—W. S. Brent, Heathsville. Lee-—S. J. Shelburne, Pennington Gap. South Norfolk—R. H. Pride, South Norfolk. Loudoun—O. L. Emerick, Purcellville. Staunton—L. F. Shelburne, Staunton. Louisa—Frank T. West, Louisa. Suffolk—J. E. Martin, Suffolk. Lunenburg—J. T. Waddill, Jr., Victoria. Williamsburg—J. R. Byrd, Williamsburg. Madison—A. W. Yowell, Peola Mills. Winchester—H. S. Duffey, Winchester. Mathews—G. G. Anderton, Saluda. ELIGIBLE APPLICANTS FOR POSITION Mecklenburg—C. B. Green, Boydton. Middlesex—G. G. Anderton, Saluda. OF DIVISION SUPERINTENDENT Montgomery—E. S. Hagan, Christiansburg. Approved by State Board of Education Nansemond—R, M. Williams, Suffolk. Acker, Henry G.—Bridgewater, Va. Nelson—W. E. Kidd, Lovingston. Alexander, Fred M.—239 Blair Ave., Newport New Kent—Clarence Jennings, Toano. News, Va. Norfolk—James Hurst, Norfolk. Anderson, Charles E.—Saltville, Va. Nottoway—W. R. Wrigglesworth, Blackstone. Anderson, T. C.—Fox Hall Res. Park, Norfolk, Northampton—G. J. Oliver, Cape Charles. Va. Northumberland—W. S. Brent, Heathsville. Barnhart, Nat G.—Meadowview, Va. Orange—D. N. Davidson, Orange. Bassett, Basil Blaine—Hattiesburg, Miss., Sta- Page—H. B. Hanger, Luray. tion A. Patrick—J. F. Reynolds, Stuart. Birckhead, Kendall P.—Abingdon, Va. Pittsylvania—F. B. Watson, Jr., Chatham. Bird, Hugh Stockdell—Smithfield, Va. Powhatan—P. C. Williams, Powhatan, Blanton, Geo. S.—Shenandoah, Va. Prince Edward—T. J. Mcllwaine, Farmville. Boatwright, Mrs. S. Jean—Staunton, Va. Prince George—R. K. Hoke, Hopewell. Bolton, Wm. B.—Fries. Princess Anne—J. H. Carroll, Oceana. Bowles, Rosewell Page—Richmond, Va., R. F. D. Prince William—R. C. Haydon, Manassas. No. 2, Box 91. Pulaski—E. L. Darst, Pulaski. Bristow, Arthur B.—5216 Studeley Ave., Norfolk, Rappahannock—G. Tyler Miller, Front Royal. Va. Richmond—Blake T. Newton, Hague. Brooks, J. Irving—Dunbrooke, Va. Roanoke—R. E. Cook, Salem. Brown, Guy H.^—South Hill, Va. Rockbridge—R. M. Irby, Lexington. Browning, Karl D.—Meadowview, Va. Rockingham—J. C. Myers, Harrisonburg. Bruce, Andrew Marion—Salem, Va. Russell—G. H. Givens, Lebanon. Bruce, H. F.—Bland, Va. Scott—W. D. Smith, Gate City. Bruin, Mackall R., Jr.—Big Island, Va. Shenandoah—C. V. Shoemaker, Woodstock. Buck, Fred C.—Glade Spring, Va. Smyth—B. E. Copenhaver, Marion. Bunn, Bonnie David—Lillington, N. C. Southampton—F. F. Jenkins, Franklin. Carmack, A. Watson—Konnarock, Va. Spotsylvania—J. H. Chiles, Fredericksburg. Charles, A. Aldo—Grundy, Va. Stafford—T. B. Gayle, Stafford. Charlton, Hubert W.—Dillwyn, Va. Surry—M. B. Joyner, Dendron. Cheatham, Walter H.—Blackstone, Va. Sussex—T. D. Foster, Waverly. Chenault, Geo. C.—Newtown, Va. Copeland, Richard W.—Hampton, Va., R. F. D. Tazewell—A. S. Greever, Tazewell. No. 3. Warren—G. Tyler Miller, Front Royal. Costen, Rufus Joseph—Covington, Va. Warwick—B. C. Charles, Denbigh. Cox, Camet B.—Independence, Va. Washington—W. J. Edmonson, Abingdon. Cox, Frank W.—Odd, Va. Westmoreland-—Blake T. Newton, Hague. Crockett, Frank M.—Glade Spring, Va. Wise—J. J, Kelly, Jr., Wise. Crider, David R.—Fulks Run, Va. Wythe—J. H. Crowgey, Wytheville. Crow, R. H., Jr.—Stella, Va. York—B. C. Charles, Denbigh. Crowgey, Henry L.—Emory, Va. Cities Cummins, Albert S.—Natural Bridge, Va. Daughtrey, Lyman C.—Drewry's Bluff, Va. Alexandria—R. C. Bowton, Alexandria. Davis, Maurice C.—Rose Hill, Lee County, Va. Bristol—R. B. Bowers, Bristol. Duff, James S.—Ruckersville, Va. Buena Vista—R. O. Bagby, Buena Vista. Dunn, Geo. W.—-Halifax, Va. Charlottesville—James G. Johnson, Charlottesville. Dutton, George A.—Marion, Va. Clifton Forge—Herman Blankinship, Clifton Fogle, Oscar M.—Easton, Maryland. Forge. Forrest, Dennis D.—Gloucester, Va. March, 1929] THE TEACHER 97

French, Raymond H.—Blacksburg, Va. Seelinger, Sherman Edmond—318 Newbray Arch, Gilkeson, Andrew C.—Fishersville, Va. Norfolk, Va. Goble, Edgar Allen—431 Lee Street, Bristol, Va. Shelton, Carroll J.—Gretna, Va. Godbey, Stanley Taylor—Box 102, Radford, Va. Simpson, John D.—Accomac, Va. Good, Benjamin F.—Bridgewater, Va. Smith, Jesse Earnest—1513 Grove Ave., Rich- mond, Va. Groseclose, Willis P.—Ceres, Va. Staley Raymond E.—201 East 40th St., Norfolk, Harding, (Miss) Lottie P.—Hansonville, Va. Va. Harrison, Emmett C.—Stony Creek, Va. Stanley, Josiah Albert—Powhatan, Va. Hillman, Clinton—Herald, Va. Stone, Joseph W.—Buchanan, Va. Hite, Bentley—Christiansburg, Va. Silfridge, Hugh L.—Big Stone Gap, Va. Hollifield, J. Foster—Courtland, Va. Holsinger, C. K.—Chatham, Va. Terrell, Alfred L.—2400 Barton Ave., Richmond, Horn, Herman L.—Troutville, Va. Va. House, Robert W.—Prospect, Va. Thomas Orville A.—Bedford, Va. Hurley, Willie Neal—Manquin, Va. Thompson, Mary Olivia (Miss)—207—14th St., Hurt, Edgar William—Gardners, Va. University, Va. Hutton, Artley O.—Waynesboro, Va. Thorpe, H. Wilson—Dumbarton, Va. Tignor, Henry Geikie—Ashland, Va. James, (Miss) Lina Balis—Brier, Mass. Tignor, John Minnick—Buchanan, Va. Jarman, Arthur M.—Box 606, University, Va. Tisinger, Richard Martin—Mt. Jackson, Va. Jennings, Robt. Cleveland—Waynesboro, Va. Tucker, Bailey Lee—302 N. Mulberry St., Rich- Johnson, Robert J.—Virginia Beach, Va. mond, Va. Kay, Ashby W.—Apple Grove, Va. Tyler, William Edmund—Aldie, Va. Kinzy, Grover—Middletown, Va. Walton, Benjamin Franklin—Lawrenceville, Va. Kyle, Clyte John Madison—Galax, Va. Wampler, Wythe F.—Galax, Va. Kyle, Roy Everett—Galax, Va. Warren, Cloyd Byars—Glade Spring, Va. Kyle, Zelma Talmage—Galax, Va. Westbrook, Wilson Emmette—Chincoteague Is- Leadbetter, Peter Irby—Dendron, Va. land, Va. Lewark, A. Thomas—Box 577, Blacksburg, Va. White, Hugh Vernon—Holland. Lindsay, Christopher—Gloucester Point, Va. Whitt, John Roy—Meadowview, Va. Link, Adolph—Parker, Va. Wise, Henry A.—Craddockville, Va. Love, Virginius J.—Kenbridge, Va. Woodson, Wilbert T.—Fairfax, Va. Maiden, Marvin G.—Glenford, Va. Wright, Emmett W.—Fredericksburg, Va. Major, Charles Leslie—Stormont, Va. Yagel, Cameron G.—Belmont, Va. Mallonee, James E.—402 Brown Ave., Hopewell, Young, Charles Henry—2205 Hanover Ave., Rich- Va. mond, Va, Mapp, Alf Johnson—246 Bayview Blvd., Ports- mouth, Va. McClellan, Wm. Zachary—Cedar Bluff, Va. SCHOOLROOM HUMOR McKee, Hugh Deane—Boone Mill, Va. McManaway, Norman T.—2204 Barton Ave., Willie Willis is quoted as saying he could Richmond, Va. Miller, Herbert C.—Newton, N. C. get a higher mark in writing. "But if I Mitchell, Bernard Elwood—Golansville, Va. write good enough so she can tell what it is, Newton, W. S. Kempersville High School, Nor- she takes off for spellin'." folk, Va. Nunley, Hersey William—Bristol, Va. (Home Address—Lodi, Va.) Willie also opines that a Sunday school Page, Benjamin Randall—Southport, N. C. Peake, Word Day—Rocky Mount, Va. lesson would seem as hard as a 'rithmetic Perkins, Nathaniel J.—Fork Union, Va. lesson "if you was scared of gettin' licked Phillips Howard M.—Morristown, N. Y. Philpotts, Alphonso Curran—1440 Ashland Circle, for not knowin' it." Norfolk, Va. Purcell, Albert—Round Hill, Va. THE HIGHER LEARNING Rainey, Cecil D.—Lynchburg, Va., R. F. D. No. 4. Rees, Byron Taylor—Chase City, Va. The proprietor of the pop-corn stand next Rhudy, Burt C.—Elk Creek, Va. Richards, Edwin Bradley—11 Peterboro St., Apt. the Crescent was driving a nail through No. 14, Boston, Mass. stacks of paper bags. "Why do you drive Robertson, Archie Frank—Crozet, Va. Robertson, Alexander Cralle—Blackstone, Va. that nail through those stacks of paper Robinson, Walter F.—Glade Spring, Va. bags?" inquired an interested observer. Roller, John B.—Pearisburg, Va. Rosenbaum, Robt. Lee-—Jonesville, Va. "To keep the educated fools from ex- Royston, Robt. Winter—Boyce, Va. ploding the bags during the show," replied Sales, Clarence Hill—Nathalie, Va. the paper-bag-piercer, grimly. Saville, Harry L.—Axton, Va. Scott, Robert Denren—Kimberlin Heights, Tenn. —Cornell Alumni News. 98 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3

Owners Association of Maryland, District The Virginia Teacher of Columbia, and Virginia, at Danville, De- Published monthly, except August and September, by cember 7-8, by Miss Julia Robertson, as- the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg, Virginia. sociate professor of home economics, State Entered as second-class matter March 13, 1920, at the postoffice at Harrisonburg. Virginia, under the act of Teachers College, Harrisonburg. March 3, 1879. A summary of this report appears in the February issue of Laundry Age. 0 educatio^^^^^t^^? CIATION NEW BOOK ON HISTORY OF OF AMERICA COOKERY Conrad T. Logan, Editor Henry A. Converse, Business Manager A Source Book in the History of Cookery Clyde P. Shorts, Circulation Manager has just been completed by Myrtle L. Wil- ADVISORY BOARD son, associate professor of home economics, Katherine M. Anthony Bessie J. Lanier Fred C. Mabee State Teachers College, Harrisonburg. Manuscripts offered for publication from those inter- This book presents a fairly definite pic- ested in our state educational problems should be addressed to the editor of The Virginia Teacher, State Teachers ture of the evolution of food preparation as College, Harrisonburg, Virginia. well as the cultivation of food-stuffs. The EDUCATIONAL COMMENT advance that civilization has made in table etiquette is shown also to be due largely to HOME ECONOMICS MOVEMENT the improvement in table service. DEFINED The arrangement of the material is in William Hard in 1910 in his Women of chronological order, namely, primitive, anci- Tomorrow called the home economics move- ent, mediaeval, and later, including Ameri- ment "an attempt to bring the home and can Colonial. Legends and stories are in- its occupants into the scientific and sociolog- cluded which make otherwise common- ical developments of the outside world." place statements about food-stuff take on a different meaning for those who must pre- LAUNDRY RESEARCH PROBLEM pare and serve the daily meals, or for those During November the Home Economics who must instill into the minds of children department of the Harrisonburg State and young people an appreciation of this Teachers College made an investigation for homely task. the Virginia Laundry Owners Association The book is designed as a textbook for to ascertain the reasons why Virginia house- classes in the history of cookery, and will wives do not send more of their clothes and be of interest to all those who are interested household linens to the commercial laundry. in foods. The questionnaire method was used for se- AMERICAN VOCATIONAL curing this information. Two thousand ASSOCIATION questionnaires, listing the usual reasons that are given for not patronizing the commer- Miss Julia Robertson, associate professor cial laundry, were sent to housewives in of home economics, State Teachers College, various parts of the state. Space was also Harrisonburg, attended the annual meeting provided for housewives to give other rea- of the American Vocational Association in sons than those suggested. The response Philadelphia, December 13-15. to these questionnaires was unusually grati- Among the themes discussed at the home fying and the results obtained most interest- economics section sessions were; ing. 1. Attaining Desirable Qualities of Lead- A report of the investigation was made ership. at the mid-winter meeting of the Laundry 2. The Home Management House. March, 1929] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 99

'3. How Can Home Economics Be Made THE READING TABLE More Interesting to the Adolescent Girl? RECENT PUBLICATIONS IN HOME ECONOMICS RESEARCH IN HOME ECONOMICS It would be impossible to give a com- The fundamental purpose of the home plete list of everything that has been economics education section of the Ameri- published in the past year in the field can Home Economics Association is re- of home economics. I should also like to search. call attention to the chief organ of our Among many interesting research prob- work, The Journal of Home Economics, and lems that are being pursued is the study of The Journal of Nutrition, published by the science courses as related to home econom- American Institute of Nutrition, Inc., ics courses in schools and colleges. The Springfield, 111. committee working on this subject consid- There have been several surveys made. ers two projects necessary: one, to deter- And a notable report from the American Home Economics Association, Baltimore, mine the science needs of home economics Maryland, on Child Development and Par- courses in colleges and universities; and the ental Education in Home Economics, by other, to determine to what extent these Anna E. Richardson and Mabel Lawrence needs are served by existing science courses Miller, should receive our special attention. and to make recommendations for improv- Another survey of Public School Courses ing the latter. in Child Care for Girls, by Lelah Mae Another newly appointed committee has Crabbs and Mabel Lawrence Miller under been studying the intelligence of pupils the direction of Edna Noble White of the electing home economics as compared with Merrill-Palmer School of Detroit, Mich, is that of all pupils in junior and-senior high a valuable report. schools which offer home economics as an elective. Child Care Child Care and Training. A Reading Course For Parents. Prepared by the Institute of HOUSEHOLD ECONOMICS IN Child Welfare, University of Minnesota. Min- neapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 1928. LONDON Pp. 180. $1.00. A course of sixteen lessons for non-credit cor- "A graduate summer session course in respondance course in child care and training. A household economics will be given for valuable book list for children is given and a bibliography of the general subject of child de- American teachers under the auspices of velopment, especially planned for those who are Teachers College, Columbia University, in studying or planning courses in this field. London, England, in July, 1929, by Pro- Psychology of Infancy and Early Childhood. By Ada Hart Arlitt. New York: McGraw-Hill fessor Benjamin R. Andrews, Teachers Book Company, Inc., 1928. Pp. 228. $2.00. College. The plan is to study home and A textbook for colleges and universities by a professor of child care and training in the Uni- community living conditions at first hand, versity of Cincinnati. A list of refernces and particularly as regards housing and town class exercises are given with each chapter. planning, cooperative enterprises, public The Behaviour of Young Children of the Same Family. Harvard Studies in Education, Vol. health, education, and organizations for 10. By Blanche C. Weill. Cambridge: Harvard homemaking, child care, social insurance, University Press. 1928. Pp. 220. $3.00. Case studies of the habit clinic of the Massa- various aspects of industry, and other fac- chusetts State Division of Mental Hygiene and tors affecting family life." the author's personal knowledge of a number of the families. The book is of interest to parents Adele R. Blackwell and teachers. 100 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3

Living With Our Children. By Lillian M. Gil- Economics of Fashion. By Paul H. Nystrom. breth. New York: W. W. Morton and Com- New York: The Ronald Press Company. 1928. pany, Inc. 1928. Pp. 309. $2.50. Pp. 521. $6.00. The author tells her story from her own ex- Education perience. There are no generalities or abstrac- tions. Some one has apdy said that "she is a Curriculum Making in the Elementary human engineer as well as an efficiency expert" School. By the staff of the elementary division of the Lincoln School of Teachers College, Children in the Nursery School. By Harriet Columbia University. Boston: Ginn and Com- M. Johnson. New York: The John Day Com- pany. 1927. Pp. 359. $1.80. pany. 1928. Pp. 322. $3.00. The material in this book represents the find- The International Handbook of Child Care ings of the staff of the Lincoln School over a and Protection. Third edition of the Inter period of ten years and is arranged for the use national Year Book of Child Care and Protec- of teachers in elementary schools. Much of the tion. Compiled from Official Sources by Ed- material included bears on home economics units, ward Fuller. New York; Longmans, Green though not labeled as such. and Company. 1928. Pp. 646. $4.00. The Teaching of Home Economics. By Clara Clothing and Textiles M. Brown and Alice H. Haley. Boston: Hough- ton Mifflin and Company. 1928. Pp. 395. $2.00. Clothing Construction. By Clara M. Brown A textbook for special methods courses in col- with the collaboration of Adella Eppel, Ethel leges and universities. Especially valuable for R. Gorham, Aura 1. Keever, Muriel C. McFar- its tests, score and rating cards, and the apt land, and Iva I. Sell. Boston; Ginn and Com- examples used which are taken from the field of pany. 1927. Pp. 236. $1.72. home economics to illustrate various points in A handbook on Clothing Construction. Definite teaching. It places home economics definitely in information is given of the major problems in- the field of education. volved in garment construction and detailed in- struction for all the minor points may be followed Achievement Scales in Household Science. accurately and very easily. This is a splendid Division I, Scale S. By May E. Davis. Boston; book to put into the hands of the beginning Ginn and Company. 1928. 72 cents. teacher. Thirty copies of the scale prepared for use in grades 8 and 9, with directions and a duplicate Fundamentals of Sewing. By Carrie Crane In- class record blank. This includes material from galls. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Com- the field of food values, preparation and serving, pany. 1928. Pp. 181. $1.60. with items of alternate choice, true-false, and A textbook for secondary and vocational completion types. schools. The book is illustrated with clearly The Technique of Curriculum Making. By marked drawings. Henry Harap. New York: The Macmillan Junior Food and Clothing. By Kate W. Kinyon Company. 1928. Pp. 315. $2.50. and L. Thomas Hopkins. Drawings by Dorothy This book is the result of actual experience in Rittenhouse Morgan. New York: Benj. H. curriculum making. The illustrations are drawn Sanborn Company. 1928. Pp. 137. $1.50. from actual investigations, the material has been This book contains material that has been col- tried with graduate and undergradute classes of lected from classroom experience and designed mature students and is so organized that the for a textbook in junior high school home eco- user may adapt the contents to his own needs. nomics. The specific subjects that are empha- The curriculum studies that were made are sized are wise selection of foods and clothing, classified, first, by method of investigation, and processes involved in the preparation and con- second, by subject. struction of these, and instruction in proper health The bibliography in each chapter is so organized habits for the needs of the growing child. that one may find at a glance the help that he The book is well and graphically illustrated and may need. And at the end of the book is a com- the references are well chosen and arranged for plete bibliography of curriculum investigations. easy use. Opportunities for Women Trained in Home Wearing Apparel; Its Manufacture, Utility, Economics. Survey Director, Walter H. Stead. Selection, and Care. A Series of Seven Minneapolis, Minnesota; Woman's Occupa- Radio Talks. By Edgar R. Clark, C. F. Gold- tional Bureau. 1928. Pp. 62. 35 cents. thwait, Lloyd E. Jackson, George H. Johnson, Rob Roy McGregor, Helen E. Wassell, (Radio Family Relationships Publication No. 37, University of Pittsburg.) The Family in the Making. By Mary Burt Broadcast from the University of Pittsburg Messer. New York; G. P. Putnam's Sons. Studio KDKA. Westinghouse Elecetric and 1928. Pp. 359. $3.50. Manufacturing Company, Pittsburg. 1928. Pp. Information based on a study made by the 62. 60 cents. author at Stout Institute, Wisconsin, under Dr. The principal aim of these talks was "to give L. D. Harvey. It is a real evolution of the de- technically sound advice that would be useful to velopment of the family from primitive times to all buyers of clothing." It covered the following a prophecy that "the family will stand forth in topics: Cotton Fabrics, Undergarments, Wool due time as a delicately wrought out form ad- Clothing, Silk Garments, Rayon Goods, Furs, and mitting of the highest measure of freedom yet Hats. attained, but supplying at the same time a graci- March, 1929] THE VIRGINi d TEACHER 101 ous bond supporting rather than constricting the Learning Exercises in Food and Nutrition. By rich life of our modern day." Anna Bell Robinson and Florence M. King, with a foreword by Walter S. Monroe. New Family Life Today. Papers Presented at a Con- York: D. C. Heath and Company. 1928. Pp. ference in Celebration of Family Social Work 164. $1.50. in America held at Buffalo, October 2 to 5, 1927. Edited by Margaret E. Rich. Boston: Based upon individual differences, this book is Houghton Mifflin Company. 1928. Pp. 244. "planned to meet several levels of ability." It is $2.50. especially a high school text. This conference was held under the auspices of A Book of Food. By P. Morton Shand. New the American Association for Organizing Family York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1928. Pp.319. $4.00. Social Work. Among the authors are W. F. Home Management Ogburn, Dorothy Canfield Fisher, Ernest R. Groves, Mary E. Richmond, and Paul H. Douglas. Home Making, A Profession for Men and Wom- en. By Elizabeth and Forrester MacDonald. Junior Home Problems. By Kate W. Kinyon Boston; Marshall Jones Company. 1927. Pp. and L. Thomas Hopkins. Drawings by Clara 267. Atwood Fitts. Chicago; Benj. Sandborn and This is a plea for the recognition of the job Company. 1928. Pp. 214. $1.00. of homemaking as a profession. As stated in A real book on the girl's problems, to develop the foreword, "this book was worked out through her conscious attitude toward her own family and several years of classroom practice ,as an intro- home relationships and through these her_ place ductory home economics course _ elected by col- in the community life. Under such topics as lege women having the double aim of preparing family relationships, budgeting, housekeeping for business and domestic life .... Its main ob- skills, and child care, she is made to feel her jective is to emphasize the need for further study place in the family group and to accept her re- of the social philosophy of homemaking as well sponsibilities and to make her contributions. It as for a more exact comprehension of its pro- is a help to both parent and teacher. fessional status." American Marriage and Family Relationship. By Ernest R. Grove and William F. Ogburn. Kitchen Management: Construction, Planning, Chicago; Henry Holt Company. 1928.^ $4.50. Administration. By K. O. Dahl. New York: "Statistical study of American marriage." Harper and Brothers. 1928. Pp. 364. $5.00. A book of suggestions, plans, tables, and illus- Social Problems of the Family. By Ernest R. trations of problems for the modern hotel, restau- Grove. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Com- rant or institutional manager, written by an ex- pany. 1927. Pp. 314. $2.50. perienced administrator and writer on such sub- Foods j ects. Table Service and Decoration. By Lillian M. The House and Its Care. By Mary L. Mat- Gunn. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Com- thews. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. pany. 1928. Pp. 107. $1.50. 1926. Pp. 246. $1.50. This is a textbook based on the author's long An excellent text or reference book for senior experience as instructor in Table Service at high school. Teachers College, Columbia University and as editor of the Table Service section of McCalls House Planning and Furnishing Magazine. Mrs. Gunn is an authority on this Early American Furniture. By Charles O. subject, and this book is a "last word" of authen- Cornelius. New York: Century Company. tic information. 1926. $4.00. Table Setting and Service for Mistress and A history of American furniture styles from Maid. By Delia Thompson Lutes. Boston: M. earliest times to the Victorian era by the curator Barrows and Company. 1928. Pp. 155. $2.25. in the department of Decorative Art, Metropolitan A common-sense up-to-date, and well illustrated Museum of Art, New York. book describing special entertainments, formal Your House. A Workable Book for the Home and informal, and giving specific answers to ques- Decorator. By Lois Palmer. Boston: The Bos- tions that are frequently asked. ton Cooking School Magazine Company. 1928. Hows and Whys of Cooking. By Evelyn G. Pp. 209. Halliday and Isabel T. Noble. Chicago: Uni- Illustrated from actual photographs. versity of Chicago Press. 1928. Pp. 179. $2.00. As a result of research work and teaching in A Simple Course in Home Decoration. By the department of home economics of the Um- Winnifred Fales. New York: Dodd, Mead versity of Chicago the authors have related some and Company. 1927. $5.00. of their findings in the fundamental cookery Pro- A new edition, including practical helps on cesses. The illustrations are especially good. This decorating and furnishing the modest home. Also is a real contribution to the field of cookery. chapters on historic furniture. Everyday Foods. By Jessie W. Harris and Eliza- Homes of Character. By Marcia Mead. New beth V Lacey. Under the editorial supervision York: Dodd, Mead and Company. 1926. $3.50. of Alice F. Blood. Boston; Houghton Mif- Illustrating various architectural styles of today. flin Company. 1927. Pp. 512. $2.50. A textbook for high schools. Well written and authentic. 102 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3

Nutrition and Health Gertrude Drinker, vice-president; Nellie Nutrition. By Walter H. Eddy. Baltimore: Cowan, secretary; Jeannette Ingle, treas- 1 he Williams and Wilkins Company. 1928 Po 237. $2.50. urer. This book is of special interest to the student Athletic Association—Evelyn Bowers, with a background of nutrition and also to any- one who may be interested in the newer develop- president; Esther Smith, vice-president; ments of vitamin study. It is a result of ex- Mary Watt, business manager. perimental research in the author's own labora- tory. The Breeze—Phyllis Palmer, editor-in- Nutrition in Health and Disease. For Nurses. chief; Frances Snyder, business manager. By Lenna F. Cooper, Edith M. Barber, and The Schoolma'am-—Anne Trott, editor-in- Helen S. Mitchell. Philadelphia; J. B. Lip- pincott Company. 1928. Pp. 574. $3.00. chief ; Virginia Gilliam, business manager. A book for nurses on food and nutrition. Well Recorder of Points—Ruth Sisson. arranged into sections on Principles of Nutrition, Officers of the Athletic Association and Food Selection, Diet in Disease, and Cooking for the Sick and Convalescent. of the Schoolma'am assume responsibility The book is non-technical; the material is pre- at the beginnnig of the fall quarter next sented in a clear and interesting way. The illus- trations are excellent. September. Food, Nutrition, and Health. By E. V. Mc- Two most enjoyable numbers of the en- Cullum and Nina Simmonds. Second Edition, tertainment series have been offered during Revised. Published by the authors, East End Post Station, Box 25 Baltimore, Md. 1928. the past month. On Tuesday evening, Jan- Pp. 148. $1.60. uary 28, E. H. Sothem, famous actor and This well-known text needs no comment except to state that these authors are keeping us in touch interpreter of Shakespearean roles, delight- with their recent findings in the field of research. ed a large audience of students, faculty, and Eat, Drink, and be Healthy. An Outline of townspeople. On Monday evening, Febru- Rational Dietetics. By Clarence W. Lieb. New ary 18, the Boston Male Choir gave a pleas- York: The John Day Company. 1928. Pp. 180. $1.50. ^ v j p ing program to a large audience. Suggestions to help one choose his food so as The week of February 4-9 was observed to meet the recognized standard body require- ments. on the campus as National Drama Week. Suitable chapel programs were offered and Diabetic Manual for Patients. By Henry J. John. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company. several organizations, particularly the Strat- 1928. Pp. 202. $2.00. ford Dramatic Club and the Lanier Literary Textbook of Chemistry for Nurses and Stu- Society, observed the week. dents of Home Economics. Second Edition. By Annie Louise Macleod. New York: The On January 30, Alpha Chi Chapter of McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1929. Pp. 241. Kappa Delta Pi, honorary educational fra- $2.50. ternity, celebrated its first anniversary with Wheat Flour and Diet. By B. C. O. Swanson. New York; The Macmillan Company. 1928. a banquet. President Samuel P. Duke and Pp. 203. $2.50. Miss Katherine M. Anthony, director of M. L. Wilson teacher training, were elected to honorary membership. Eleven active members have NEWS OF THE COLLEGE also been elected: Janet Biedler, Elizabeth Cockerill, Mary Crane, Elizabeth Dixon, Following two election days on February Irene Garrison, Janet Houck, Elizabeth 5 and February 19, campus leaders for the Kaminsky, Eva Kinsey, Elva Kirkpatrick, year beginning on March 20, with the open- Elizabeth Miller, Phyllis Palmer. ing of the spring quarter, have been chosen The varsity basketball team has won by the student body as follows: every game so far this season. On Febru- Student Government—Mina G. Thomas, ary 2, the local basketeers defeated the team president; Juanita Berry, vice-president; from Lynchburg College, there, by the large Virginia Stark, secretary-treasurer. majority of 51-17. Then on February 4 Y. W. C. A.—Elizabeth Dixon, president; the team of the Farmville State Teachers March, 1929] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 103

College bowed to H. T. C. by a count of On February 27-28, the Christian World 30-9. Fredericksburg also lost to Harrison- Education Conference was held on the burg. Best of all, the local team has this campus under the auspices of the Y. W. C. year defeated its time-honored rival, the A. Among the prominent speakers who Radford State Teachers College, by the gave inspiring talks were: Mr. Tom Tip- overwhelming count of 49-8, the game being pett, Mr. Floyd Shacklock, Mr. James played on the home floor. To add still Myers, Dr. Frederick Libby, Mr. Alexand- further to this record of achievement, on er. Lectures were delivered to some of February 22 H. T. C. brought home the the classes at the regular class hours, as long count of a 27-14 score against the Sav- well as at times especially fixed for group age School of Physical Education of New meetings. York. Lucy Gilliam and Anne Trott, editor-in- Besides the interest in varsity games, the chief and prospective editor-in-chief of the student body has shown quite a bit of en- Schoolma'am, attended the meeting of the thusiasm for class basketball games. The Virginia Intercollegiate Press Association class contests played on January 26 brought in Richmond on February IS and 16, as victory to Freshmen over Juniors, 58 to 15, official representatives of the annual of this and to Seniors over Sophomores, 7 to 4. college. On February 25 the two winners-—Fresh- The dramatic club of V. P. I. appeared men and Seniors—met in a game that easily in Reed Hall on February 9 and presented went to the youngsters by a score of 27 to the "Tech Scandals," a musical review of 5. The same evening the Juniors defeated fun and pep. the Sophomores 20 to 9. Saturday evening, February 23, the an- The Glee Club presented a most pleasing nual midwinter dance of the College was operatic program in chapel on February 1. held in Walter Reed Hall. Futuristic During the past month members of the decorations in the gymnasium provided a hockey team received their rewards for this lovely setting for the affair. The dance was year. Letters were presented to the fol- largely attended and proved to be quite suc- lowing students: Callie Elsea, Hilda Levi, cessful. The Bluestone Cotillion Club Lena Bones, Elsie Quisenberry, Mary Watt, sponsored the dance, as usual. Evelyn Wilson, Audrey Hyatt, Irene Garri- Phyllis Pamer and Frances Snyder, newly son, Harriet Dixon, Clelia Heizer. Stars elected editor and business manager, re- were awarded to Elizabeth Miller, Frances spectively, of The Breeze for next year, will Rand, and Evelyn Bowers, while hockey attend the fifth annual meeting of the Co- sticks were given to Frances Rand and lumbia Scholastic Press Association at Co- Elizabeth Miller also, for excellence in this lumbia University, March 8-9. This con- sport. vention is usually attended by delegates The second of the series of talks which from The Breeze, Kathryn Pace and Mary the social science department of the Col- Watt having represented the college paper lege is offering this year was given by Mr. last year. John N. Mcllwraith, February 14. Mr. Mc- Friday evening, March 1, the Stratford Ilwraith gave a most helpful address on Dramatic Club presented "Milestones" as "American Historians and their Works.'1 its costume play for this year. The play This series is to consist of four talks in all, was quite delightful and well done, as is two having been given; the two remaining the case with all Stratford presentations. ones will be offered next quarter, one by The Hampton Quartet, of the Hampton Dr. Wayland and the other by Mr. Dingle- Normal Institute, Hampton, Virginia, ap- dine. peared in Walter Reed Hall, Saturday, 104 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3

March 2, under the auspices of the Y. W. I am sending a dollar for Alumnse As- C. A. The Hampton Quartet is well known sociation dues. I subscribed to the Vir- and offers unusual programs. ginia Teacher last spring. I am sorry that I have no news for you. I hope that ALUMNA NOTES you will have a most successful year. Helen Bowman, President Petersburg AMERICAN ALUMNI COUNCIL Chapter; MEETS I know all the girls will be glad that you The H. T. C. alumnse secretary attended are coming to Petersburg for a "pep" meet- the Regional Conference of the American ing. Alumni Council, which was held in the We are giving a subscription card party Richmond Hotel, on January 19. Mr. Rich- at the Armory on Market Street on Satur- ard E. Thigpen, of Duke University, was day, February 9th at 3:30 p. m. Each girl director of the meeting. Miss Florence is going to get three tables at $2.00 a table Snow, of Smith College, gave an address We are counting on 75 tables. Every one concerning the history of the American here likes to play bridge. The girls would Alumni Council. Other addresses were all be assembled and I wonder if you will given by Dr. William T. Hodges, of Wil- be in Petersburg that day. If so, we could liam and Mary College, on pioneer Alumni all meet together at the close of the card Efforts; Ernest Milton, of Davidson Col- party. We would also like you to be our lege and Katherine Norris, of Sweet Briar guest at the party. College, on Financing the Alumni Program; Virginia Turpin, President of Norfolk J. Maryon Saunders, of University of Chapter: North Carolina, on The Organization and I know the big city is glad you are com- Purpose of 'the Alumni Office; W. H. ing both to talk to the Maury girls and to Wraneck, of the University of Virginia, on jack up the Norfolk Alumnse Association. Magazines and Publicity. We need it, but it is my fault, and yet not At the luncheon, held in the Richmond my fault. I have been sick most of the Hotel, Dr. F. W. Boatwright, of the Uni- time since Thanksgiving. I spent the versity of Richmond, gave a very inspiring Christmas holidays in bed ten days after talk on, What the Alumni Should Do for New Year's Day. The doctor says that I Their Colleges. have to give up every thing that I do not About twenty-eight colleges of Virginia have to do. and North Carolina were represented at the I will let you know as soon as possible meeting. All of the State Teachers Col- who will be in charge of the meeting and leges of Virginia were represented except where we will meet you. Fredericksburg. I am looking forward to seeing you.

Ethel B. Smith is a substitute in the ALUMNiE LETTERS schools of Newport News and vicinity. She Rebecca Spitzer, Summerfield, N. C.: is also taking a business course, on the side. I have been enjoying the new feature of A card from Mamye Turner, class of '28, the Virginia Teacher very much. Some- informs us that she is teaching history and times I long for a familiar face or news civics in the Washington-Lee Junior-Sen- from my friends and the alumnse notes help ior High School. Her address is 109 Park- a lot. er Ave., Cherrydale, Virginia. My work in Springfield school is rather Elizabeth Duke, '23, is teaching at Isle of interesting—-but trying, for I have forty- Wight. She hopes to be with us this sum- three first grade repeaters. mer for a six weeks course. March, 1929] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 105

Etna Hardaway, '13, writes from Roa- BIRTHS noke (Box 26). She is great in her praise Charlotte Yancey Boice has a little girl, for our Dr. Wayland. born on December 31, at the Rockingham Hazel Davis, whose home is in Burke, Memorial Hospital, Harrisonburg. The Virginia, has a business position in Wash- baby was named Charlotte Matthews and ington, D. C. Hazel was a member of the "is the prettiest little baby you ever saw." class of '19 and was at one time editor of the Schoolma'am. WEDDINGS Lena M. Reed, '21, is teaching Latin in In a Richmond paper we read of the Martinsburg High School. marriage of Bernice Marshall Jenkins to A letter from Mae B. Fox, informs us Mr. Glen Virgil Conrad. Bernice formerly that she is teaching in Bentonville, Virginia. lived in Oxford, N. C. and now resides in She writes that two other H. T. C. alumnae Richmond. are there, Edna Kite and Mrs. Rena Mat- Annie Vivian Council married Mr. Paul thews. Mae graduated in the class of '23. Lillian Millner Garrison of the class of H. Dyal, on Sunday, the third of February '15, writes that her little daughter comes in at the Madison Avenue Baptist Church, New York City. Her present address is, from school burdened with the books of the higher fourth grade and on the very top of The Murry Hill, 228 E. 36th St., New York City. the stack of books is "A History of Vir- Nancy Schulken's marriage to Mr. James ginia for Boys and Girls" by John W. Way- Fuller Glass has been announced. She mar- land. Lillian's address is 1480 Ashland Circle, Roanoke. ried on Sunday, January, 20, in Greenville, Sarah Milnes is teaching Home Econom- S. C. She is now at home at 1533 Hermi- ics in the high school at Chase City. She tage Court, Forest Hills, Durham, N. C. speaks in glowing terms of the fine equip- ment she has in her school and of the won- DEATHS derful cooperation of the members of the We read with great sadness of the death Chase City Parent-Teachers Association. of Emily Smith Chewning, of the class of Wilmot Doan, who taught the first term '18. She died January 13 in a Richmond of this year in Harrisonburg, has accepted Hospital, of pneumonia. She leaves four a position as teacher of Physical Education little children and a husband, at her home in one of the schools of Winston-Salem, N. in Bon Air, Va. C. She is staying with Edwena Lambert We regret to learn of the death of Beat- (at present) at 827 O verb rook Ave. rice Coleman James, class of '16, sometime Elizabeth Kelly Davis, of the class of last fall. Catherine James, a sister-in-law, '13, writes from Waynesboro. She has two is at school this year. boys in school. One son is in the sixth Dorothy S. Career grade and one in the seventh grade, Eliza- beth was with us at commencement last summer and she certainly does not look old A LETTER TO HOME ECO- enough to have two half-grown sons. NOMICS GIRLS Bernice Spear Darden has recently mov- H. T. C, Sunday. ed to Wilmington, N. C. Her husband is Dear Old Home Economic Girls: one of the engineers on the inland water- way projects. Her street address is 401 Here we are doing just the things which Market St. you would expect us to be doing on Sunday 106 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 10, No. 3 afternoon—writing letters ! We thought you ning to give some bridge and table lamps might be interested in what's going on in for the living rooms at the practice house. our department, so we are going to write Did you know that Miss Morgan is work- you in the Virginia Teacher. ing on her Ph. D. at George Washington First of all, do you believe in dreams? University? Miss Julia Robertson, of Still- Well, sometimes they come true, and that's water, Oklahoma, has charge of the teacher happened right here on the campus. If you training, and you know, girls, "Still water asked Miss Turner what was new on the runs deep." Mrs. Good is still managing campus, she would say the kitchen; the sen- the tea room and the girls are eating as iors would say, with great pride, the senior much as ever. Miss Wilson has finished her dining room; Miss Hopkins would tell you book, A Source Book in the History of about the new dormitory which is named Cookery. I know you will all want copies. for Mr. Johnston; but Mrs. Moody would We miss Dr. Herod this year, but we have say, it's the new practice house, of course. instead Dr. Pickett from the University of (And you had better not get her started North Carolina. The Physics lab has been on that subject unless you are interested). moved to the basement of Johnston Hall. The house is almost finished now, but we We are very fortunate in having Mrs. Adele can hardly realize it is really and truly ours Blackwell from Alabama for the clothing —even when we see it. We don't know yet work. how we got it, but you know what a wizard Harrisonburg has a new high school Mr. Duke is and how he usually gets what which stands on the old fair grounds site. he goes after. The home economics department is a joy This is a lovely three-story house of gray to the girls who are doing their student stone with red tile roof. It's really a double teaching there. Imagine teaching girls to house and there will be two groups of girls cook on lovely electric and gas ranges ! living there at the same time with Mrs. But we must stop, for it makes us home- Moody as our director. Girls, can you real- sick to realize that being seniors means we ize that Jim is a senior at R. M. A. and will shall soon be giving our places to others, go to college next year? But going back to and that we too will be eager for a word the practice house—one side is furnished as from dear old H. T. C. a modem home and the other with our few So long—see you at graduation time! antiques and some lovely period reproduc- Home Economics Seniors, '29 tions. To save our lives we can't decide which side we'd rather live in, so we are OUR CONTRIBUTORS F. G. BONSER is professor of elementary edu- going to draw straws. We almost forgot to cation at Columbia University. He served on tell you about the time Mr. Duke and the the staff of the Virginia Educational Survey in 1928. architect threatened to lock Mrs. Moody up ILENA BAILEY is home economist at Vir- until the house was finished! Well, you get ginia Polytechnic Institute. her to tell you some time. We were always LILLIAN A. CUMMJNGS is head of the home economics department at the College of Wil suspicious that it might have happened the liam and Mary. Miss Cummings is the new morning she didn't show up for dietetics at president of the Virginia Home Economics Association. eight o'clock,—but if it did, she was out by ADRIENNE GOODWIN and FRANCES nine! HOUCK are home economics supervisors at The Frances Sale Club has taken a new the Bridgewater and Harrisonburg high schools. ADELE RAYMOND BLACKWELL, JULIA lease on life. Gene Eley has made a won- ROBERTSON, MYRTLE WILSON, and derful president and lots of work has been PEARL POWERS MOODY are all members of the home economics department in the State accomplished this year. The club is plan- Teachers College at Harrisonburg. THE VIRGINIA TEACHER offiososososROSoso35oisosoffiOffiosoffiosoasoioaogiOffiOffioao^osososjo^o^c®oKo^osK3ffio p "^/E PROTECT YOU. We are big enough to take care of your wants. If IS o * ^ you see anything advertised by any firm in the Valley of Virginia, _we be- O ^ lieve we can furnish it for the same price—or less. Send us the advertisement o and we will see that you get it through pur Mail ^ t|->-«7- q O(TVIVTC 9 s Order Department. Write us for prices and £$, INlL I Ov/ilO q ° samples. Special prices to the Faculty and Col- |-jarj:.ison|;)Urg Va. o O J/CQ6 Students. O^SO^O^OSO^CffiOSOSOSOSOKOSOSOSOSiO'DSO^OSOISOSOffiO^OffiOaOffiOffiOgiO^OSjOSOaO OaoSOSOSOSOSiOSiOliKOffiOffiOMOffiOSOSOSq 0 f) S3 NS HINKELS S DR. W. L. BAUGHER () IS Q O 0 Expert Shoe Repairing DENTIST H O 0 West Market Street at Liberty f5 % Harrisonburg :: :: Virginia O 1 Work of Quality n BURKE & PRICE p g0 FOLEY'S SHOE HOSPITAL

IVIPT IWE ll\cUi\Al\L,t!jJNtHJH riNCF ^O ^Q 117 WEE. Market CALL St.F0R AND DELIPhoneVER 418-W g Harrisonburg, Va. kj ® ANYWHERE IN THE CITY ai K.U,,,.! B„. BLls, l«_J | FOREST E. peters I t -O 0 s ES _ ,06O Make a Specialty of O Harrisonburg Building and k9 g watch repairing q 0 6 Supply Co., Inc. s ^ E. Market St. :: Harrisonburg, Va. g 0 0 Contractors and Builders 8 Harrisonburg, Virginia g § JOS. NEY & SONS CO. g O. M. Masters, President ^ ^is THE BEST DEPARTMENT STORE g 0 0 § W. E. Fry, Gen'I. Mgr. §«j3 §Hi IN HARRISONBURG, VIRGINIA g o^oso^sso^oscso^osso^oio^oso^ossoiaoioso^ososaHOSOffiOsoiHOffiOKOSiOsoffiOSia OSSO^OSOSSOSOSOffiOKOSO^OSO^OffiOSOSOffiOOESOffiOSO^OSOSOSO^OffiOaOffiOSOSOSOSSOSO Q 9 o a o Your Prosperity is Important to This Bank o Hi § 6 We want every member of this community to prosper. 8 s Even though you may do no business with us direct, your prosperity is an o advantage to the community and consequently to us. 8 If we can help, with advice or service, please remember that we are cheer- fully at your command. o g You may correctly count us YOUR FRIEND. Hi O o The Rockingham National Bank a g Harrisonburg, Virginia THE VIRGINIA TEACHER

The State Teachers College o HARRISONBURG, VA. s § MEMBER ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGES AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF THE F; SOUTHERN STATES £■ CLASS "A" MEMBER AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF TEACHERS COLLEGES n

0

1 g P Established by the General Assembly 1910. Annual enrollment, 1,300. Faculty of 60 well-trained and experienced college teachers. Located in the Shenandoah Valley. Elevation 1,300 feet. Campus of 60 acres. Beautiful mountain environment. Fifteen college buildings. Total value college plant, $1,200,000. Both city and rural training schools. Athletic field and tennis courts. Two gymnasiums. Nine-hole golf course. Two swimming pools (indoor and outdoor).

Harrisonburg is a delightful and progressive city of 7,000 inhabitants, people of culture and refinement, deeply interested in the welfare of the College and its students.

Apply to THE PRESIDENT

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