Eas4059a LEA PROMAZINE 25MG 50MG TAB TUK Frcust V3

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Eas4059a LEA PROMAZINE 25MG 50MG TAB TUK Frcust V3 ZINC Ref: EAS4059a LEA PROMAZINE 25MG & 50MG TAB TUK <CUST Version: 3 09 October 2019 Length: 323 mm Colours Used: PANTONE® GREEN C Width: 160 mm BLACK Depth: - Template UK & Ireland Artwork Department PAGE 1: FRONT FACE (INSIDE OF REEL) PROMAZINE 25 mg AND • are elderly, as it is more likely that you may Driving and using machines lens of the eye, purplish pigmentation of the 50 mg TABLETS suffer from certain of the side effects such as Promazine may cause drowsiness, dizziness, and cornea, the membrane that covers the white part drowsiness, low blood pressure, high or low cloudy or blurred vision. If you are affected by any of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION body temperature of these, DO NOT drive or operate machinery. (conjunctiva), the retina or the skin round the eyes FOR THE USER • or someone else in your family has a history of • high body temperature or low body HOW TO TAKE PROMAZINE Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start blood clots, as medicines like these have been temperature (especially in the elderly) taking this medicine. associated with formation of blood clots. • skin rash or itchiness Always take Promazine exactly as your doctor has • Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight while you are • sensitivity to light told you. You should check with your doctor or • If you have any further questions, ask your taking this medicine, as this medicine may cause • contact sensitisation (inflammation of the skin pharmacist if you are not sure. doctor or pharmacist. you to become sensitive to sunlight, particularly if or red, itchy skin rash, due to an immune • This medicine has been prescribed for you. Do you are taking high doses. The tablets should be swallowed preferably with reaction in response to a substance which has not pass it on to others. It may harm them, Taking other medicines a drink of water. The usual dose is: come into contact with the skin) even if their symptoms are the same as yours. Please tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are Adults: • suffering from infections more frequently, • If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or taking or have recently taken any other • For psychomotor agitation which may be due to a severe reduction in the pharmacist. This includes any possible side medicines, including medicines obtained without 100-200 mg four times daily. number of white blood cells effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4. a prescription. The Elderly: • lethargy, weakness, dizzy spells and feeling faint, pale skin, which may be due to a reduction IN THIS LEAFLET: DO NOT take Promazine with: • For agitation and restlessness • medicines to correct problems with heart rhythm 25-50 mg four times daily. in the number of red blood cells (anaemia) 1. What Promazine is and what it is used for e.g. quinidine, disopyramide, procainamide, Children: • weight gain 2. Before you take Promazine amiodarone, dofetilide, sotalol, bretylium Promazine is not recommended for use in children. • in women, production of breast milk or 3. How to take Promazine menstrual disturbance • antimalarials e.g. quinine and mefloquine If you take more Promazine than you should 4. Possible side effects • in men, impotence (inability to achieve or • antibiotics such as sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin, If you (or someone else) swallow a lot of the tablets 5. How to store Promazine maintain an erection), or breast enlargement intravenous erythromycin all together, or if you think a child has swallowed 6. Further information • in rare cases, sudden unexplained death has • certain types of (tricyclic or tetracyclic) any of the tablets, contact your nearest hospital occurred. 1 WHAT PROMAZINE IS AND WHAT IT IS antidepressants such as amitriptyline, maprotiline casualty department or your doctor immediately. USED FOR • other antipsychotics e.g. risperidone, An overdose is likely to cause drowsiness, The following have been reported at an unknown amisulpride, sertindole, haloperidol and pimozide confusion, low blood pressure, low body frequency: Promazine is one of a group of medicines called • cisapride, a medicine used in the treatment of • blood clots in the vein especially in the legs phenothiazines, which are used to treat a range of temperature, fits and coma are possible. Rarely certain gastro-intestinal disorders breathing difficulties may occur. (symptoms include swelling, pain and redness disorders including anxiety, agitation and • certain antihistamines e.g. terfenadine. in the leg), which may travel through blood disturbed behaviour. Please take this leaflet, any remaining tablets, and Talk to your doctor if you are taking any of the the container with you to the hospital or doctor so vessels to the lungs causing chest pain and Promazine is used to treat: following: that they know which tablets were consumed. difficulty in breathing. If you notice any of these • agitation and restlessness in the elderly • medicines which can affect the chemicals in your symptoms seek medical advice immediately. • short-term additional management of If you forget to take Promazine bloodstream known as electrolytes, such as: If you forget to take a tablet, take one as soon as • In elderly people with dementia, a small increase psychomotor agitation (unintentional and • diuretics e.g. furosemide in the number of deaths has been reported for purposeless motions brought on by mental you remember unless it is more than 2 hours after • antibiotics e.g. amphotericin B the missed dose; if so, ignore the missed dose and patients taking antipsychotics compared with tension; symptoms may take the form of • corticosteroids e.g. hydrocortisone those not receiving antipsychotics. restlessness, pacing, tapping fingers or feet, wait until the time of the next dose. DO NOT take • chemotherapy drugs e.g. cisplatin a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose. Reporting of side effects abruptly starting and stopping tasks, • sulphonylureas (used to treat diabetes) e.g. If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or Stopping treatment with Promazine meaninglessly moving objects around, and more). gliclazide or glibenclamide pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects DO NOT stop taking your medicine without • antiepileptics e.g. phenytoin not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side BEFORE YOU TAKE PROMAZINE talking to your doctor first even if you feel better. 2 • blood pressure tablets effects directly via the Yellow Card Scheme at: Your medicine should only be withdrawn • calcium channel blockers e.g. amlodipine www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard DO NOT take Promazine if you: gradually under close supervision by your doctor. • sympathomimetics e.g. salbutamol By reporting side effects you can help provide • are allergic (hypersensitive) to promazine, any If you have any further questions on the use of other phenothiazine, or any of the other • antimuscarinics e.g. inhalations used for more information on the safety of this medicine. bronchitis such as ipratropium bromide this product, ask your doctor or pharmacist. ingredients of this medicine HOW TO STORE PROMAZINE • have phaeochromocytoma (adrenal gland • anticholinergics used to treat Parkinson’s or POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS tumour resulting in high blood pressure, restlessness, such as procyclidine, benzhexol, orphenadrine Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of flushing, diarrhoea). Like all medicines, Promazine can cause side • tetrabenazine, used to treat essential tremor, children. Store the tablets below 25ºC. Keep the Promazine should not be given to patients in a effects, although not everybody gets them. chorea, tics, and related disorders container tightly closed. coma or suffering from central nervous system Stop taking the tablets and tell your doctor Do not use Promazine after the expiry date that is (CNS) depression, symptoms include decreased • ritonavir (an antiviral for HIV/AIDS) • anti-anxiety or sleeping drugs e.g. diazepam, immediately or go to the casualty department at stated on the outer packaging. The expiry date rate of breathing, decreased heart rate, and loss your nearest hospital if the following happens: refers to the last day of that month. of consciousness. temazepam, zopiclone • reboxetine (used to treat depression) • an allergic reaction causing swelling of the lips, Medicines should not be disposed of via wastewater Take special care with Promazine • lithium, (used to treat certain types of depression) face or neck leading to severe difficulty in or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to Talk to your doctor before you start to take this • memantine, used to treat dementia breathing or severe skin rash or hives. dispose of medicines no longer required. These medicine if you: • sibutramine, used to help weight loss This is a very serious but rare side effect. You may measures will help to protect the environment. • have a history of jaundice (yellowing of the skin • cimetidine, used to treat stomach ulcer, reflux need urgent medical attention or hospitalisation. or whites of the eyes caused by liver or blood oesophagitis, Zollinger–Ellison syndrome, or Tell your doctor immediately if any of the FURTHER INFORMATION problems) other conditions where gastric acid reduction is following serious but rare effects happen: • blood dyscrasias (blood disorders which may beneficial • high body temperature, muscle rigidity, increased What Promazine Tablets contain: be characterised by fever or chills, sore throat, • antacids, used to treat indigestion and heartburn involuntary movement or tremor and altered • The active ingredient is promazine ulcers in your mouth or throat, unusual • metoclopramide, used to treat feeling or being consciousness (neuroleptic malignant syndrome) hydrochloride 25 mg or 50 mg. tiredness or weakness, unusual bleeding or sick • involuntary restless or repetitive limb • The other ingredients are lactose, maize starch, unexplained bruising) • kaolin, used to treat diarrhoea movements, shaking, inability to sit or stand still maize starch (partially pregelatinised), • have liver, kidney or heart disease • antispasmodics to treat gut spasm e.g.
Recommended publications
  • Management of Chronic Problems
    MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PROBLEMS INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ALCOHOL AND DRUGS A. Leary,* T. MacDonald† SUMMARY concerned. Alcohol may alter the effects of the drug; drug In western society alcohol consumption is common as is may change the effects of alcohol; or both may occur. the use of therapeutic drugs. It is not surprising therefore The interaction between alcohol and drug may be that concomitant use of these should occur frequently. The pharmacokinetic, with altered absorption, metabolism or consequences of this combination vary with the dose of elimination of the drug, alcohol or both.2 Alcohol may drug, the amount of alcohol taken, the mode of affect drug pharmacokinetics by altering gastric emptying administration and the pharmacological effects of the drug or liver metabolism. Drugs may affect alcohol kinetics by concerned. Interactions may be pharmacokinetic or altering gastric emptying or inhibiting gastric alcohol pharmacodynamic, and while coincidental use of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH).3 This may lead to altered tissue may affect the metabolism or action of a drug, a drug may concentrations of one or both agents, with resultant toxicity. equally affect the metabolism or action of alcohol. Alcohol- The results of concomitant use may also be principally drug interactions may differ with acute and chronic alcohol pharmacodynamic, with combined alcohol and drug effects ingestion, particularly where toxicity is due to a metabolite occurring at the receptor level without important changes rather than the parent drug. There is both inter- and intra- in plasma concentration of either. Some interactions have individual variation in the response to concomitant drug both kinetic and dynamic components and, where this is and alcohol use.
    [Show full text]
  • )&F1y3x PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX to THE
    )&f1y3X PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE )&f1y3X PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 3 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. Product CAS No. Product CAS No. ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACTODIGIN 36983-69-4 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ADAFENOXATE 82168-26-1 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ADAMEXINE 54785-02-3 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ADAPALENE 106685-40-9 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ADAPROLOL 101479-70-3 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ADATANSERIN 127266-56-2 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ADEFOVIR 106941-25-7 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ADELMIDROL 1675-66-7 ACAMPROSATE 77337-76-9 ADEMETIONINE 17176-17-9 ACAPRAZINE 55485-20-6 ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE 61-19-8 ACARBOSE 56180-94-0 ADIBENDAN 100510-33-6 ACEBROCHOL 514-50-1 ADICILLIN 525-94-0 ACEBURIC ACID 26976-72-7 ADIMOLOL 78459-19-5 ACEBUTOLOL 37517-30-9 ADINAZOLAM 37115-32-5 ACECAINIDE 32795-44-1 ADIPHENINE 64-95-9 ACECARBROMAL 77-66-7 ADIPIODONE 606-17-7 ACECLIDINE 827-61-2 ADITEREN 56066-19-4 ACECLOFENAC 89796-99-6 ADITOPRIM 56066-63-8 ACEDAPSONE 77-46-3 ADOSOPINE 88124-26-9 ACEDIASULFONE SODIUM 127-60-6 ADOZELESIN 110314-48-2 ACEDOBEN 556-08-1 ADRAFINIL 63547-13-7 ACEFLURANOL 80595-73-9 ADRENALONE
    [Show full text]
  • THE HARD TRUTH ABOUT PROKINETIC MEDICATION USE in PETS Introduction Pathophysiology/Etiology to That Observed in Dogs
    VETTALK Volume 15, Number 04 American College of Veterinary Pharmacists THE HARD TRUTH ABOUT PROKINETIC MEDICATION USE IN PETS Introduction Pathophysiology/Etiology to that observed in dogs. It can be The moving topic of this Vet Talk As with most diseases in the veteri- due to a trichobezoar, dehydration, newsletter will be prokinetic medica- nary world, the etiology and patho- obesity, old age, diabetes, immobility, tions. The availability of information physiology of constipation are varied pain from trauma to the low back, on the many prokinetic agents is var- depending on the species being dis- bladder infection, or an anal sac infec- ied at best so an overall consensus of cussed, where in their gastrointestinal tion. In cases that are more chronic, prokinetic medications will be as- tract the problem is occurring, and underlying disease such as colitis or sessed in this article, hopefully giving any accompanying comorbid condi- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) may better insight to practitioners about tions. be the culprit. On the other hand, the which agents to use in their patients. cause may be idiopathic which is Canines: In man’s best friend, consti- frustrating for both veterinarian and Prevalence pation has many origins. A dog’s patient since this form is most diffi- Chronic constipation and gastroin- digestive tract itself is complex but cult to treat. testinal stasis are highly debilitating ultimately the mass movements and conditions that not only affect human haustral contractions from the large Equines: Despite their large size, patients but our four legged patients intestine (colon), propel feces into the horses have incredibly delicate diges- as well! Though this condition is rectum stimulating the internal anal tive systems.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Antipsychotic Treatment on Metabolic Function: a Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
    The effects of antipsychotic treatment on metabolic function: a systematic review and network meta-analysis Toby Pillinger, Robert McCutcheon, Luke Vano, Katherine Beck, Guy Hindley, Atheeshaan Arumuham, Yuya Mizuno, Sridhar Natesan, Orestis Efthimiou, Andrea Cipriani, Oliver Howes ****PROTOCOL**** Review questions 1. What is the magnitude of metabolic dysregulation (defined as alterations in fasting glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels) and alterations in body weight and body mass index associated with short-term (‘acute’) antipsychotic treatment in individuals with schizophrenia? 2. Does baseline physiology (e.g. body weight) and demographics (e.g. age) of patients predict magnitude of antipsychotic-associated metabolic dysregulation? 3. Are alterations in metabolic parameters over time associated with alterations in degree of psychopathology? 1 Searches We plan to search EMBASE, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE from inception using the following terms: 1 (Acepromazine or Acetophenazine or Amisulpride or Aripiprazole or Asenapine or Benperidol or Blonanserin or Bromperidol or Butaperazine or Carpipramine or Chlorproethazine or Chlorpromazine or Chlorprothixene or Clocapramine or Clopenthixol or Clopentixol or Clothiapine or Clotiapine or Clozapine or Cyamemazine or Cyamepromazine or Dixyrazine or Droperidol or Fluanisone or Flupehenazine or Flupenthixol or Flupentixol or Fluphenazine or Fluspirilen or Fluspirilene or Haloperidol or Iloperidone
    [Show full text]
  • Antipsychotics
    Antipsychotics If you experience psychosis as part of an illness, you may be offered antipsychotic medication. Antipsychotics are generally used to treat psychosis, but are also used to treat bipolar disorder and depression. This factsheet explains more about antipsychotic medication. There are two types of antipsychotics – ‘first generation’ or ‘typical’ (older medications) and ‘second generation’ or ‘atypical’ (newer medications). Antipsychotics affect people differently. If you take antipsychotics then you may get side effects. It can take some time to find the right medication. If you are taking an antipsychotic which you feel is not working, or if the side effects are difficult to live with, then you should discuss this with your GP or psychiatrist. You should not stop taking antipsychotics suddenly. Your antipsychotics can interact with other medications. It is important that your doctor is aware of all the medicine you are taking. This factsheet covers: 1. What are antipsychotics? 2. Are there different types of antipsychotics? 3. Are there any side effects? 4. What if I want to stop taking antipsychotics? 5. Do antipsychotics affect other medication? 6. Does alcohol affect my antipsychotics? 7. Can I drive when taking antipsychotics? 8. What else should I consider before taking antipsychotics? Top 1. What are antipsychotics? Psychosis is a medical term. If you have psychosis, you might see or hear things (hallucinations), or have ideas or beliefs that are not shared by other people around you (delusions). Some people describe it as a ‘break from reality’. Doctors may also describe it as ‘psychotic symptoms’, a ‘psychotic episode’ or a ‘psychotic experience’.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacology of Drugs Used in Children
    Drug and Fluid Th erapy SECTION II Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacology of Drugs Used CHAPTER 6 in Children Charles J. Coté, Jerrold Lerman, Robert M. Ward, Ralph A. Lugo, and Nishan Goudsouzian Drug Distribution Propofol Protein Binding Ketamine Body Composition Etomidate Metabolism and Excretion Muscle Relaxants Hepatic Blood Flow Succinylcholine Renal Excretion Intermediate-Acting Nondepolarizing Relaxants Pharmacokinetic Principles and Calculations Atracurium First-Order Kinetics Cisatracurium Half-Life Vecuronium First-Order Single-Compartment Kinetics Rocuronium First-Order Multiple-Compartment Kinetics Clinical Implications When Using Short- and Zero-Order Kinetics Intermediate-Acting Relaxants Apparent Volume of Distribution Long-Acting Nondepolarizing Relaxants Repetitive Dosing and Drug Accumulation Pancuronium Steady State Antagonism of Muscle Relaxants Loading Dose General Principles Central Nervous System Effects Suggamadex The Drug Approval Process, the Package Insert, and Relaxants in Special Situations Drug Labeling Opioids Inhalation Anesthetic Agents Morphine Physicochemical Properties Meperidine Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Anesthetics Hydromorphone Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Anesthetics Oxycodone Clinical Effects Methadone Nitrous Oxide Fentanyl Environmental Impact Alfentanil Oxygen Sufentanil Intravenous Anesthetic Agents Remifentanil Barbiturates Butorphanol and Nalbuphine 89 A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children Codeine Antiemetics Tramadol Metoclopramide Nonsteroidal Anti-infl ammatory Agents 5-Hydroxytryptamine
    [Show full text]
  • Screening of 300 Drugs in Blood Utilizing Second Generation
    Forensic Screening of 300 Drugs in Blood Utilizing Exactive Plus High-Resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometer and ExactFinder Software Kristine Van Natta, Marta Kozak, Xiang He Forensic Toxicology use Only Drugs analyzed Compound Compound Compound Atazanavir Efavirenz Pyrilamine Chlorpropamide Haloperidol Tolbutamide 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine Des(2-hydroxyethyl)opipramol Pentazocine Atenolol EMDP Quinidine Chlorprothixene Hydrocodone Tramadol 10-hydroxycarbazepine Desalkylflurazepam Perimetazine Atropine Ephedrine Quinine Cilazapril Hydromorphone Trazodone 5-(p-Methylphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin Desipramine Phenacetin Benperidol Escitalopram Quinupramine Cinchonine Hydroquinine Triazolam 6-Acetylcodeine Desmethylcitalopram Phenazone Benzoylecgonine Esmolol Ranitidine Cinnarizine Hydroxychloroquine Trifluoperazine Bepridil Estazolam Reserpine 6-Monoacetylmorphine Desmethylcitalopram Phencyclidine Cisapride HydroxyItraconazole Trifluperidol Betaxolol Ethyl Loflazepate Risperidone 7(2,3dihydroxypropyl)Theophylline Desmethylclozapine Phenylbutazone Clenbuterol Hydroxyzine Triflupromazine Bezafibrate Ethylamphetamine Ritonavir 7-Aminoclonazepam Desmethyldoxepin Pholcodine Clobazam Ibogaine Trihexyphenidyl Biperiden Etifoxine Ropivacaine 7-Aminoflunitrazepam Desmethylmirtazapine Pimozide Clofibrate Imatinib Trimeprazine Bisoprolol Etodolac Rufinamide 9-hydroxy-risperidone Desmethylnefopam Pindolol Clomethiazole Imipramine Trimetazidine Bromazepam Felbamate Secobarbital Clomipramine Indalpine Trimethoprim Acepromazine Desmethyltramadol Pipamperone
    [Show full text]
  • CISAPRIDE (Veterinary—Systemic)
    CISAPRIDE (Veterinary—Systemic) There are no human- or veterinary-labeled commercial ELUS,CANDelayed gastric emptying (treatment)EL; or cisapride products in the United States or Canada. ELUS,CANSmall bowel motility disorders (treatment)EL— Although no feline studies are available, the Category: Gastrointestinal emptying adjunct; documented effects of cisapride in healthy dogs and peristaltic stimulant. other animals suggest it may have efficacy in disorders that benefit from stimulation of gastric, Indications small intestinal, or colonic motility and from Note: Cisapride is not specifically approved for shortened transit time in cats (Evidence rating: B- {R-2; 4-7; 21-24} veterinary use. In other USP information 2). monographs, the ELUS and ELCAN designations refer to uses that are not included in U.S. and Canadian Dogs product labeling; however, in this monograph Potentially effective they reflect the lack of commercial product ELUS,CANGastroesophageal reflux (treatment)EL; availability in the countries indicated. See also the ELUS,CANDelayed gastric emptying (treatment)EL; Regulatory Considerations section below in this ELUS,CANSmall bowel motility disorders (treatment)EL; or monograph. US,CAN EL Colonic motility disorders (treatment)EL — Classification as Accepted, Potentially effective, Although no studies of clinical disease states are or Unaccepted is an evaluation of reasonable use available, studies of the effects of cisapride in that considers clinical circumstances, including healthy dogs suggest it may have efficacy in the availability of other therapies. The quality of disorders that benefit from stimulation of gastric, evidence reviewed for an indication is shown by small intestinal, or colonic motility and from the evidence rating. shortened transit time (Evidence rating: B-2 [table 1][table 2][table3]).{R-4-7; 17; 21-24} Cats Accepted Note: There is no evidence that cisapride is effective in ELUS,CAN EL Constipation, chronic (treatment) ; or the treatment of megaesophagus in dogs.
    [Show full text]
  • Perphenazine-151548-PI.Pdf
    PRESCRIBING INFORMATION PERPHENAZINE Perphenazine Tablets USP 2 mg , 4 mg, 8mg, and 16 mg Antipsychotic/Antiemetic AA Pharma Inc. DATE OF REVISION: April 12, 2012 1165 Creditsone Road, Unit #1 Vaughan, Ontario L4K 4N7 Control Number: 151548 PRESCRIBING INFORMATION PERPHENAZINE Perphenazine Tablets USP 2 mg, 4 mg, 8 mg and 16 mg THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION Antipsychotic/Antiemetic ACTIONS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Perphenazine is a piperazine phenothiazine derivative with antipsychotic, antiemetic and weak sedative activity. Perphenazine has actions similar to those of other phenothiazine derivatives but appears to be less sedating and to have a weak propensity for causing hypotension or potentiating the effects of CNS depressants and anesthetics. However, it produces a high incidence of extrapyramidal reactions. Perphenazine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Onset of action following oral administration is 30 to 40 minutes. Duration of action is 3 to 4 hours. Perphenazine distributes to most body tissues with high concentrations being distributed into liver and spleen. Perphenazine enters the enterohepatic circulation and is excreted chiefly in the feces. INDICATIONS AND CLINICAL USE Perphenazine is indicated in the management of manifestations of psychotic disorders. It is also effective in controlling nausea and vomiting due to stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone. 1 Perphenazine has not been shown effective for the management of behavioral complications in patients with mental retardation. CONTRAINDICATIONS Should not be administered in the presence of circulatory collapse, altered states of consciousness or comatose states, particularly when these are due to intoxication with central depressant drugs (alcohol, hypnotics, narcotics). It is contraindicated in severely depressed patients, in the presence of blood dyscrasias, liver disease, renal insufficiency, pheochromocytoma, or in patients with severe cardiovascular disorders or a history of hypersensitivity to phenothiazine derivatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuromodulators for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Disorders of Gutlbrain Interaction): a Rome Foundation Working Team Report Douglas A
    Gastroenterology 2018;154:1140–1171 SPECIAL REPORT Neuromodulators for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (Disorders of GutLBrain Interaction): A Rome Foundation Working Team Report Douglas A. Drossman,1,2 Jan Tack,3 Alexander C. Ford,4,5 Eva Szigethy,6 Hans Törnblom,7 and Lukas Van Oudenhove8 1Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; 2Center for Education and Practice of Biopsychosocial Care and Drossman Gastroenterology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; 3Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; 4Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; 5Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; 6Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; 7Departments of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and 8Laboratory for BrainÀGut Axis Studies, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium BACKGROUND & AIMS: Central neuromodulators (antide- summary information and guidelines for the use of central pressants, antipsychotics, and other central nervous neuromodulators in the treatment of chronic gastrointestinal systemÀtargeted medications) are increasingly used for treat- symptoms and FGIDs. Further studies are needed to confirm ment
    [Show full text]
  • Cisapride: a Novel Gastroprokinetic Drug V
    The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy - Volume 44, No. 4, August, 1991 175 Cisapride: A Novel Gastroprokinetic Drug V. Arora and M. Spino ABSTRACT RESUME Impaired gastrointestinal motility underlies a multitude of Une motilite gastro-intestinale pathologique est le signe digestive complaints. Metoclopramide, an antidopaminer­ d 'une multitude de maladies digestives. Le metoclopramide, gic and cholinomimetic agen~ was the first prokinetic drug un agent anti-dopaminergique et cholinomimetique, fut le used to treat such conditions, but a high incidence of premier medicament procinetique utilise pour traiter de adverse effects has limited its use, especially in infants. tel/es conditions mais une frequence elevee des reactions Domperidone, the second prokinetic drug marketed in indesirables a limite son usage, surtout chez !es nourrissons. Canada, is a potent peripheral dopamine receptor an­ Le domperidone, le deuxieme medicament procinetique tagonist which does not cross the blood-brain barrier well commercialise au Canada, est un antagoniste puissant des and, therefore, displays minimal CNS side effects. Cisapride recepteurs dopaminergiques peripheriques qui ne traverse is a gastroprokinetic agent which appears to act mainly pas beaucoup la barriere hemo-encephalique et done, by releasing acetylcholine from the myenteric plexus of provoque peu d'effets secondaires au systeme nerveux the gut. It has no dopamine-blocking activity, and does central (SNC). Le cisapride est un nouvel agent gastro­ not share the serious CNS side effects of other drugs in procinetique qui semble agir principalement par la libe­ its class. These drugs stimulate gastric and small intestinal ration de l'acetylcholine du plexus myenterique de l'intestin. activity, but cisapride also enhances colonic motility.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of the Process Variables on the HPLC Separation of Tricyclic Neuroleptics on a Calixarene-Bonded Stationary Phase
    ORIGINAL ARTICLES Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany The effect of the process variables on the HPLC separation of tricyclic neuroleptics on a calixarene-bonded stationary phase H. Hashem, Th. Jira Received March 15, 2004, accepted May 25, 2004 Priv.-Doz. Dr. Thomas Jira, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceu- tical/Medicinal Chemistry, F.-L.-Jahnstr. 17, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany [email protected] Pharmazie 60: 186–192 (2005) The chromatographic behavior of a new HPLC-stationary phase with supramolecular selectors on the basis of calixarenes is described for the separation of nine tricyclic neuroleptics. The effects of differ- ent chromatographic conditions (buffer system, pH-value, type and content of organic modifier, injec- tion volume) on the separation of the analytes were studied. Additionally, the effect of structural differ- ences of the neuroleptic analytes was studied. The chemical structure and pKa of the neuroleptics highly influenced their separation on the calix[8]arene phase. The separation of all analytes on the investigated calixarene-bonded stationary phase was possible with a mobile phase of acetonitrile with 30 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.5) 30 : 70(v/v) using 1 ml/min flow rate. 1. Introduction Neuroleptics which are widely used for the treatment of CH3 psychological problems are basic compounds, mainly thiox- CH3 anthene and phenothiazine derivatives. Many papers de- N N CH3 scribe the separation of this pharmacological group of ana- N N CH3 lytes on the usual RP-stationary phases (Goldstein and Van S CH3 S O Vunakis 1981; Kountourellis and Markopoulou 1991; Trac- CH3 qui et al.
    [Show full text]