Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-47386-6 — Protestant Nationalists in Ireland, 1900–1923 Conor Morrissey Index More Information

Index

1641 rebellion, 5 Biggar, Joseph Gillis, 46 1798 rebellion, 6, 49 Bigger, Francis Joseph, 44–47, 50, 66–68, and Alice Milligan, 47 70–71, 73, 77, 206 centenary, 25–26, 50 Birmingham, George A. See Hannay, Rev. and Francis Joseph Bigger, 46 James Owen (George A. Birmingham) Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna, 104 Abbey Theatre, 25, 30–31 Bloxham, Elizabeth, 94–95, 98, Act of Union (1800), 7 103, 139 Allan, Frederick, 26 Blythe, Ernest, 38–41, 54, 73, 145, Ancient Order of Hibernians, 79, 169–170, 171–172, 205 172 and Belfast boycott, 198 Anderson, Benedict, 4 later career, 218 Andrews, Todd, 182 and the Orange Order, 110 Anglo-Irish Treaty, 189 Boer War, Second, 26–29, 82, 97 Protestant supporters, 203–207 Boland, Harry, 176 Anti-clericalism, 26 Boyd, Ernest A., 83 Anti-conscription pledge. See Conscription Boyd, John St. Clair, 34 crisis Braithwaite, Richard (Richard Brannigan), Armour, Jennie, 48 61, 127 Armour, Rev. James Brown, 48, 58, 115 Branch of the Five Provinces, 12, see also Ashbourne, William Gibson, 2nd Baron, Craobh na gCúig gCúigí 86, 117 Brannigan, Richard. See Richard Asquith, H. H., 108 Braithwaite Briscoe, Robert, 194 Ballymoney Protestant home rule meeting, Brodrick, Albinia, 9–10, 27, 83, 88–89, 92, 115–116 101, 146–147, 163, 185–188, 190, Bandon, James Francis Bernard, 4th Earl 195–196, 201 of, 187–188 later career, 218 Bannister, Gertrude, 98, 139 Brodrick, St John. See Midleton, St John Barry, Kevin, 166 Brodrick, 1st Earl of Barton, Erskine, 122 Busteed, Frank, 182 Barton, Robert, 85, 111, 122, 171, 189 Butt, Isaac, 15 Bean na hÉireann (newspaper), 93 Beaumont, Sean, 183 Campbell, John, 66 Beaumont, William, 183 Campbell, Joseph, 66, 70–71, 77, Belfast dock strike (1907), 124 82, 88 Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club, 33–34, 46 Campbell, Nancy (née Maude), Bennett, Louie, 10, 158 81, 86–88, 139 Berkeley, George Fitzhardinge, 117, 119 Carbery, Ethna, 50, 52 Bernard, John Henry (bishop), 42, 156 Carbery, John Evans-Freke, 10th Baron, Berry, Thomas Sterling (bishop), 161–163 120 Bew, Paul, 9–10 Carson, Edward, 108, 116

244

Index 245

Casement, Roger, 9–10, 46, 66–67, 69–70, Culverwell, Edward, 44 73, 89, 105, 109, 115–118, 133, 142 Cumann Gaelach na hEaglaise. See Irish conversion and execution, 143–144 Guild of the Church and Irish Guild of the Church, 43 Cumann na mBan, 85, 89–90, 94, 98, 132, and Ulster unionists, 113–115 158, 191 Castletown of Upper Ossory, Lord, 37, 71 Cumann na nGaedheal (party), 215 Cathleen ni Houlihan, 25, 64 Cumann na Saoirse, 191, 206–207 Catholic Church, 1, 5–7, 31, 36–39, 55–57, Cunningham, Margaret, 161 79, 98–104, 112, 131, 143–144, 148, Curragh incident, 116 150–152, 165, 168, 182–183, 189, 208 Cusack, Michael, 34 and Easter Rising, 141–142 Czira, Sydney (née Gifford), 3, 98, 100, 201 and Irish Volunteers, 122–123 Catholic relief (emancipation), 6, 15 Davis, Thomas, 20, 23, 62 Celtic Association. See Pan-Celtic Davitt, Michael, 27, 58 movement Day, Godfrey (bishop), 204 Chartres, John, 194–195 De Blacam, Aodh, 69, 168, 173 Chavasse, Claude, 83, 85–86 De Montmorency, Hervey, 117, 119, Chenevix Trench, Cesca, 83–84, 89, 98, 121–122 102, 118, 139 De Valera, Éamon, 105, 147, 150, 159, Chenevix Trench, Dermot (Samuel), 84–91 166–168, 173–174, 177–178, 191 Chenevix Trench, Margot, 84, 98 in power, 219 Childers, Erskine, 10–11, 117, 189, 194, Deakin, James, 39–41, 109 196–197 Despard, Charlotte, 88–89 Childers, Molly, 117 Devlin, Joseph, 169, 172 Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, 1, 164 Devoy, John, 75 Church of Ireland, 1, 36, 41–44, 55, 142, Dickson, T. A., 22 154, 156, 161, 163–166, 183, 193, Dillon, John, 151, 159 199, 204, 213–214 Dinneen, Fr Patrick, 36 disestablishment, 14–15 Dix, Ernest Reginald McClintock, 153 membership, 16 Dobbs, Margaret, 71, 98 Church of Ireland Gazette, 42, 203–204 Douglas, James, 200, 210 and Gaelic League, 39 Dowden, Edward, 23 Clan na Gael, 175 Drennan, William, 7 Clarke, Kathleen, 89 Dryhurst, Sylvia, 81 Clarke, Thomas, 54, 89, 108, 118, 129, 141 dual-monarchy (concept), 29–30, 72, 74, Coffey, Diarmid, 85–86 150 Collins, Michael, 82, 147, 180, 188–189, Dublin Lockout, 1913, 126 199, 207 Dublin University Review,22 killed, 197 Dungannon Clubs, 12, 72–77 Colum, Padraig, 67 Dunmanway killings, 198–200 Committee of Protestant Gaelic Leaguers, 40–41 Easter Rising, 131–142, 150, 183 Connolly, James, 26, 123–124, 126, 128, aftermath, 142–148 132, 141 Eden, Maud, 149 Conscription crisis, 1, 150–159 Elliott, Marianne, 5, 7 Contemporary Club, The, 23 Elmes, Ellett, 193 Cooper, Bryan, 120–121 Emmet, Robert, 88 Costello, Edith, 207 English, Richard, 7 Cotton, Alﬁe, 112, 138, 146 Ervine, St John, 80, 116 Craig, James, 71, 108, 174 Craobh na gCúig gCúigí, 37–38, 41–42 Feis na nGleann (the Glens Feis), 71 Crawford, Robert Lindsay, 54–64, 77, 79, Fenian Brotherhood. See Irish Republican 176–177, 220 Brotherhood emigrates to Canada, 63 Fenian Rebellion, 47–48 sacked from Ulster Guardian,62 Fianna. See Na Fianna Éireann

246 Index

Figgis, Darrell, 110–111, 126, 144–145, Hannay, Rev. James Owen (George 194, 207 A. Birmingham), 30, 37–39, 42, FitzGerald, Desmond, 80–81, 86, 61–62, 79–80, 82–83, 146 134, 191 Harrington, Timothy, 52–53 FitzGerald, Garret, 72, 81 Harrison, Henry, 95 FitzGerald, Lord Edward, 87 Harrison, Sarah Cecilia, 95 FitzGerald, Mabel, 71–72, 77, 81, 86, 98, Haskins, Rory, 111–112, 137 101, 134, 191–192, 219–220 Hastings, Adrian, 4 Fitzpatrick, David, 110 Henry Joy McCracken Literary Society, 49 Fletcher, Rev. Dudley, 112 Henry, Elsie, 97 Forde, Fr Patrick, 37 Henry, Paul, 66, 69, 74 Foster, R. F., 23, 85, 104, 222–223 Heron, Archie, 112, 137–138 Friends of Irish Freedom, 175 Hobsbawm, Eric, 4 Hobson, Bulmer, 10, 46, 49–54, 64–66, 70, Gaelic Athletic Association, 3, 34, 36, 50, 77–78, 102, 107–109, 121, 128–129, 81–82 132–133 Gaelic League, 3, 13, 32–41, 62–63, 81, 85, American tour, 75–76 91 and Dungannon Clubs, 72–77 adopts political stance, 44 joins Gaelic League, 50 and the Independent Orange Order, 59 Hope, James ‘Jemmy’,61 Gaelic Services Committee. See Committee Hope, Jimmy, 61 of Protestant Gaelic Leaguers Howth and Kilcoole gun-running, 86, 95, Gavan Duffy, George, 74 97, 117–118 Gellner, Ernest, 4 Hughes, Herbert, 77 George, David Lloyd, 159 Hutchinson, John, 7, 21 Gibson, Violet, 86 Hyde, Douglas, 24, 32–35, 44, 50, Gifford, Ada, 100 138–139, 206, 220 Gifford, Grace, 10, 100, 140 non-political vision, 44 Gifford, Katie, 100 Gifford, Muriel, 100, 140 Independent Labour Party of Ireland, Gifford, Nellie, 100, 102, 140 124–126, 151 Gilmore, George, 193, 218–219 Independent Orange Order, 54–64, 125, Ginnell, Laurence, 41 152–153 Gladstone, William Ewart, 22 Inghinidhe na hÉireann, 27 Glens Feis, the. See Feis na nGleann Irish Citizen Army, 12, 90, 126–130, Gogarty, Oliver St John, 84 134–136, 193 Gonne, Maud, 10, 21, 23, 25, 27, 50, 52, Irish Civil War, 192–197 89–90, 105–106 Irish Guild of the Church, 12, 42–44, 90, and Catholic Church, 99, 104 154, 159–168, 201, 217 Good, James Winder, 66, 77, 173 and Easter Rising, 140–141 Gore-Booth, Eva, 10 membership, 160 Graham, Rory, 184 and the Treaty, 206 Great War, 82, 122, 150–151, Irish Guild of Witness, 12, 162–164 175, 211 Irish language, the, 32–44 Gregg, John Allen (bishop), 204, 214 Irish Literary Society (London), 24, 81–82 Gregory, Augusta Lady, 25, 102 Irish Literary Theatre, 25 Grifﬁth, Arthur, 26, 29–30, 52, 75, 78–83, Irish National Theatre Society, 25 89–90, 113, 146, 150, 167, 189, 191, Irish Parliamentary Party, 3, 26, 48, 79–80, 199, 204–205 151, 159 dies, 197 and women’s suffrage, 91 and Erskine Childers, 196 Irish People (newspaper), 26 and The Playboy of the Western World, Irish Protestant (newspaper), 54–57, 62 30–31 Irish Protestant Home Rule Association, Gwynn, Rev. R. M., 126 22–23, 53, 116 Gwynn, Stephen, 10, 23, 68, 95, 157 Irish Reform Association, 60

Index 247

Irish Republican Army, 12, 181–189 MacEntee, Seán, 173 Irish Republican Brotherhood, 3, 26, MacLysaght, Edward, 216 53–54, 74, 82, 112, 132 MacManus, Seumas, 50–51 decline in anti-clericalism, 141–142 MacMorrough Kavanagh, Arthur Thomas, in Sinn Féin, 30 58–62 Irish Socialist Republican Party, 123 MacNeill, Eoin, 33, 109, 132–133 Irish Times, 156 Magheramorne manifesto. See Independent Irish Transvaal Committee. See Boer War, Orange Order Second Maguire, Sam, 10, 82 Irish Volunteers, 107–123, 132–134, Mahaffy, John Pentland, 14 136–138 Markievicz, Constance, 9–10, 31–32, 98, and clergy, 112–113 108, 127, 129–130, 134–135, 140, founded, 109 142, 190–191 and Ulster Volunteer Force, 113–114 and Catholic Church, 143 Irish War of Independence, 180–189 Martyn, Edward, 25, 52 Irish Women Workers’ Union, 158 Maxwell, General Sir John, 142 Irish Women’s Association, 48–49 Mayne, Rutherford. See Waddell, Samuel Irish Women’s Franchise League, 158 (Rutherford Mayne) Irvine, George, 38–40, 42, 111, 133–134, McCartan, Patrick, 64, 73–74, 77 142, 145, 154, 161–162, 165, McCarthy, Michael J. F., 56–57 170–171, 192–193 McCracken, Henry Joy, 95 and independent Ireland, 221–222 McCullough, Denis, 53–54, 66, 70, 72–74, and War of Independence, 184–185 77, 102, 223–224 Irwin, Rev. James, 178 McDermott, Sean, 74, 77, 141 McDonald, William, 52, 223 Jacob, Rosamond, 10, 28, 93, 96, 101–102, McEntee, Seán, 66 201 McGarrity, Joseph, 64, 73 Johnson, Thomas, 124–125 McGowan, Seamus, 128, 193 Johnston, Anna. See Carbery, Ethna McManus, Lily, 93 Jones, Valerie, 11 McNeill, Ada, 38, 71 Joyce, James, 84 Midleton, St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of, 27–28, 88, 187–189, 203 Keating, Geoffrey, 5 Milligan, Alice, 10, 34, 47–49, 67, 73, 78, Kedourie, Elie, 4 93, 95, 102–103, 105–106 Kennedy, Ian Graeme Baun ‘Scottie’ Milligan, Ernest, 123 MacKenzie, 185 Mitchel, John, 20, 174 Mitchell, Susan, 103, 105, 162, 207 Ladies’ Land League, 27 Modernist perspective (nationalism), 4, 7–8 Land League, Irish National, 21 Monteagle, Thomas Spring Rice, 2nd Larkin, James, 124 Baron, 92, 95, 120 Leader, The (journal). See Moran, D. P. Monteith, Robert, 118, 133 Lester, Seán, 73, 111–112, 133, 173, 220 Moore, George, 81 Lewis-Crosby, Rev. Ernest, 167, 213 Moore, Maurice, 111 Lloyd George, David, 151, 187 Moran, D. P., 1, 31, 56, 156–157 Luby, Thomas Clarke, 26 Morrow, Fred, 66 Lynd, Robert, 60–61, 63, 66, 68–70, 72, Morrow, Harry (Gerard MacNamara), 74, 77, 81–82, 146 65–66 Lynn, Kathleen, 10, 98, 135, 142–143, 160, Morrow, Jack, 38, 66 163, 186, 189, 197, 201, 219 Morrow, Norman, 66 Lyons, F. S. L., 9, 24 Mulcahy, Richard, 210, 213–214 Lyttle, Rev. Richard, 73 Murphy, Rev. J. E. H., 35–36, 44 Myles, Sir Thomas, 117 Macardle, Dorothy, 66, 103, 190, 219 Mysticism and the occult, 104–106 MacBride, John, 26, 90, 99 Mythen, Rev. James Grattan, 175–176, MacDonagh, Thomas, 100, 109, 140 178–179

248 Index

Na Fianna Éireann, 108 Pim, Herbert Moore, 30 National Army (pro-Treaty), 13, 182, 197, Plant, George, 183 207–215 Plant, James, 183 National Centre Party, 215 Playboy of the Western World, The. See Synge, National Literary Society (Dublin), 24 John Millington National Volunteers, 121–122 Plunket, Benjamin (bishop), 43, 160, 163, Ne Temere decree, 79–80 167 Ní Bhruadair, Gobnaít. See Brodrick, Albinia Plunkett, Horace, 216 Nicholls, George, 38 Plunkett, Joseph, 100, 109, 140–141 Nicholls, Harry, 79, 136, 146 Presbyterian Church, 14, 68–69, 73, Norgrove, Alfred, 193 115–126, 203 Norgrove, Annie, 135 membership, 16 Norgrove, Emily, 135 radicalism, 7 Norgrove, Frederick, 193 Protestant advanced nationalist women, Norgrove, George, 135 90–98 Northern Patriot (newspaper), 49 and the Anglo-Irish Treaty, 190–192 denomination, 91–92 O’Brien, Conor, 38, 117 place of birth, 93 O’Brien, Dermod, 95 socioeconomic background, 92–93 O’Brien, George, 181 Protestant Convention (1922), 199–200 O’Brien, Nelly, 1, 37–38, 139, 153–155, Protestant Friends of Ireland, 13, 174–179 158, 164–165, 200 Protestant National Society, 13, 51–53 death, 217 Protestant protest against conscription. family, 95 See Conscription crisis joins Irish Guild of the Church, 44 O’Brien, William (home ruler), 151 Queen’s College Belfast, 69, 71 O’Brien, William (labour leader), 124 O’Brien, William Smith, 95 Red Hand Magazine, 172–173 O’Casey, Sean, 40–41, 54, 127–130 Reddin, Kenneth, 38 O’Connell, Daniel, 15 Redmond, John, 48, 118, 120–121 O’Connor, Frank, 196 Religious conversion, 14, 98–104, 136–137, Occult, the. See Mysticism and the occult 143–144 O’Donnell, Frank Hugh, 57 and Gifford family, 99–100 O’Grady, Standish, 49 Reynolds, William Brown, 66–67 O’Hegarty, P. S., 74 Robinson, David Lubbock, 196, 220 O’Higgins, Kevin, 214 Rolleston, T. W., 22–24, 34, 36–37, 41, 81 Oldham, C. H., 22 supports British Empire, 28–29 O’Leary, John, 20–22, 24–27, 30, 50, 79 Royal Irish Constabulary, 77, 180 O’Mahony, Pierce Charles de Lacy Russell, George (Æ), 24–25, 105, 155, 200, (The O’Mahony), 171 207, 217 O’Malley, Ernie, 182 Russell, Thomas O’Neill, 32 Orange Order, 58, 113, 152–153 Ruth, George, 38, 43, 154 O’Shiel, Kevin, 169–170 Ovenden, Charles, 164 Saunderson, Edward, 58 Scott, William, 135 Pan-Celtic movement, 37 Shan Van Vocht (newspaper), 49–50 Parkhill, David, 52, 64–66, 77, 223 Shaw, George Bernard, 81, 87, 100, 143 Parnell, Anna, 10–11 Shaw, William, 15 Parnell, Charles Stewart, 15, 21–23, 59 Sheehy-Skefﬁngton, Francis, 58 scandal, 23 Shields, Arthur, 136, 146 Patriot movement, 6, 15 Shillington, Thomas, 22 Patterson, William Forbes, 169, 172 Sinn Féin, 3, 13, 29–30, 76–83, 85, 90, 97, Pearse, Pádraig, 109, 132, 134 125, 150–151, 159, 170–172, 189 Penal laws, 5–6 and the Independent Orange Order, Perennialist perspective (nationalism), 4–5, 8 59, 63

Index 249

Sinn Féin (newspaper), 29, 94 Ulster Volunteer Force, 108, 113–115, 153 and The Playboy of the Western World,30 Larne gun-running, 116 Sloan, T. H., 58–61, 63–64 Ulster’s Solemn League and Covenant, Smith, Anthony D., 4 115, 151, 154 Smithson, Annie M. P., 96–97, 100, 103 Unionist, The (journal), 173–174 Spring Rice, Alice, 207 United Irish League, 3, 52, 109 Spring Rice, Mary, 86, 92, 95, 117 United Irishman (newspaper), 29, 40, 49, St Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin, 40, 42–44, 52, 94 164 United Irishmen, Society of, 6–7 Steepe, Peter, 211 Stephen, Rosamond, 79, 162–163 Vandeleur, Rev. William, 160–162, 182, Stephens, James, 30, 38, 138 200 Stopford, Edie, 28, 97, 100 Volunteers (eighteenth-century), 6 Stopford, Edward A., 97 Stopford Green, Alice, 28, 70, 81, 115, 117, Waddell, Samuel (Rutherford Mayne), 65, 140, 143, 180, 205–207, 216 77 Stopford Price, Dorothy, 28, 97–98, 102, Walker, William, 124 140, 180, 186, 206 Wells, Warre B., 83 Stuart, Francis, 10 White, Captain Jack, 10, 89–90, 112, 115, Synge, John Millington, 30–31 126–127, 129, 172 White, Edith, 102 Taylor, John F., 97 White, Jack (broadcaster and writer), 98 Theosophy. See Mysticism and the occult Williams, Lily, 38 Thomas, Norman, 175 Wordsworth, Alice, 97, 207 Thrift, Professor William, 213 Wyndham land act (1903), 16 Tone, Theobald Wolfe, 6–7, 50, 53 Trench, Wilbraham Fitzjohn, 44, 197 Yeats, Elizabeth, 38 Trinity College Dublin, 14–15, 23, 35, 57, Yeats, Jack Butler, 167 60, 79, 126, 213, 221 Yeats, William Butler, 21, 23–24, 27, Gaelic Society, 181 64–65, 81, 99, 143, 147, 205, 216–217 professorship of Irish, 32 Cathleen ni Houlihan,25 Thomas Davis Society, 180 disenchantment with advanced Trinity Hall. See Trinity College Dublin nationalism, 25 Tudor conquest, 5 and mysticism, 105 Young, Ella, 10, 98–99, 106, 139, 141, 189 Uladh (journal), 66–68, 77 Young, Rose, 71 Ulster Guardian,62–63 Young Ireland, 15, 20 Ulster Liberal Association, 62–63, 115–116 Young Ireland Branch of the United Irish Ulster Literary Theatre, 13, 71, 77 League, 79 Ulster plantation, 5, 16 Young Ireland Society (1880s), 20