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Biology and Systematics of Plume Moths of the Genus Platyptilia in California

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Biology and Systematics of Plume Moths of the Genus Platyptilia in California Biolog y a nd sy ste ma tics of plume moths of the g e nus Pla ty ptilia in Ca lifornia - Hilg a rdia - Univ e rsity of Ca lifornia , Ag riculture a nd Na tura l Re source s. Hilgardia Menu Biology and systematics of plume moths of the genus Platyptilia in California Author W. Harry Lange Author Affiliations W. Harry Lange, Jr. was Lecturer in Entomology and Parasitology and Assistant Entomologist in the Experiment Station. Publication Information Hilgardia 19(19):561-668. DOI:10.3733/hilg.v19n19p561. May 1950. PDF of full article, Cite this article Abstract Summary The cosmopolitan and economically important genus Platyptilia is represented in California by 22 species, or 71 per cent of all those recorded in the United States. The present work describes all of the species and the many subspecies known to exist in this state; and further, it establishes three new species and four new subspecies of the genus. New SpeciesNew Subspecies Platyptilia baueri Platyptilia lutescens Platyptilia bifida Platyptilia pica calisequoiae Platyptilia pica marina Platyptilia pica sierrae Platyptilia albiciliata rubricans The California moths formerly placed in the European species, Platyptilia acanthodactyla and P. punctidactyla, were found to be referable to P. pica. In this study the emphasis has been placed on the immature stages as an aid to evaluating properly the morphological characters of the adults. Larvae or pupae of many species were collected on larval food plants, and raised to adulthood. It was found that the divergences noticed in the immature stages are reflected in like divergences in the characters of the adults. Contrary to the belief of many previous workers, it was found that the male genitalia exhibit good characteristics for specific differentiation, and that the female genitalia of the California species are of great value in certain instances. The California species of Platyptilia showed two major trends of speciation toward adaptation to food plants, one to the family Compositae and the other to the family Scrophulariaceae. Members of the group associated with the Compositae were found to be distinct biologically and morphologically from those of the group feeding on the Scrophulariaceae. Although the biological features of this relationship have not been completely explored, these studies suggest that on a morphological basis one can predict the family of plants to which a given species can be assigned. This will aid the future study of the biological relationships of the group. Selected Bibliography8 Barnes W., Lindsey A. W. Contributions to the natural history of the Lepidoptera of North America. 1921. 4(4):281-478. fig. Published by the authors, Decatur, Illinois Barnes Wm., McDunnough J. Check list of the Lepidoptera of boreal America 1917. p.viii + 392. (Platyptilia, p. 150.) DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.29466 [CrossRef] Braun Annette F. Microlepidoptera of northern Utah. Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 1925. 51:183-226. (Platyptilia fragilis, p. 184.) Braun Annette F. Notes on the Pterophoridae with description of a new Oidaematophorus (Lepidoptera). Canad. Ent. 1930. 62:122 DOI: 10.4039/Ent62122-6 [CrossRef] Curtis John. British entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland… 6 (part II). Printed for the author, E. Ellis and Co., London. (Pterophorus, plate 161, 1827; Adactylus, plate 471, 1833.) 1823-1840. Curtis John. A guide to an arrangement of British insects. London 1829. Cushman R. A. A new Angitia parasitic on the artichoke plume moth. Pan-Pacific Ent. 1939. 15(4):183-185. Day G. O. On the early stages of Platyptilia punctidactyla (Pterophoridae-Lepid). Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, Proc. No. 1928. 25:14-15. Dimmock G. Notes on the Pterophoridae of North America. Psyche. 1882. 3:402-404. 3: 413 DOI: 10.1155/1882/84824 [CrossRef] Dyar H. G. A list of the North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects. 1902. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. xix + 723p. (Platyptilia, p. 442-444.) DOI: 10.5479/si.03629236.52.i [CrossRef] Edwards Henry. Bibliographical catalogue of the described transformations of North American Lepidoptera. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bul. 1889. 35:1-147. (Pterophoridae, p. 136-37.) DOI: 10.5479/si.03629236.35 [CrossRef] Essig E. O. The artichoke plume moth. Calif. State Dept. Agr. Monthly Bul., May-June. 1922. pp.454-56. Essig E. O. Insects of western North America 1926. p.xi + 1035. (Pterophoridae, p. 712-714.) The Macmillan Co., New York, N.Y Fabricius Johann Christian. Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonyonis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. 1775. Flensburgi et Lipsiae in officina libraria Kortii. 832p. Fernald C. H. The Pterophoridae of North America 1898. p.84. Hatch Exp. Sta. Mass. Agr. Coll. Special bulletin. (Revised edition.) 9 plates DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.21201 [CrossRef] Fish Charles. Walsingham’s Pterophoridae of California and Oregon. Canad. Ent. 1880. 12(9):239-241. DOI: 10.4039/Ent12239-11 [CrossRef] Fish Charles. Pterophoridae. Canad. Ent. 1881. 13(7):70-74. 4; 13): 140-143 DOI: 10.4039/Ent1370- 4 [CrossRef] Fitch Asa. Report on the noxious, beneficial and other insects of the state of New York. N. Y. State Agr. Soc. Trans. 1854. 14:691-880. 28 figs. (Plume moths, p. 847-849.) DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.57431 [CrossRef] Fletcher T. Bainbrigge. The plume moths of Ceylon. Spolia Zeylandica. 1909. 6(21):1-39. Fletcher T. Bainbrigge. Life histories of Indian Microlepidoptera, I. Pterophoridae. Memoirs Dept. of Agr. India. Published by the Imperial Dept. of Agr., Calcutta. 1921. 6:18-24. fig Fletcher T. Bainbrigge. On Walker’s types of plume moths in the national collection: redescriptions and notes. Ent. Soc. London Trans. parts. 1926. III-IV:600-607. Fletcher T. Bainbrigge. Catalogue of Indian insects, part 20—Alucitidae (Pterophoridae). 1931. Calcutta: Published by Govt. of India. 61p. (Platyptilia, p. 20-32.) Fletcher T. Bainbrigge. Life histories of Indian Microlepidoptera, second series [Alucitidae (Pterophoridae), Tortricina and Gelechiadae]. Govt. of India Scien. Monograph No. 1932. 2:4-7. pl. III, IV Fletcher T. Bainbrigge. A new California plume moth (Lepidoptera, Alucitidae). South. Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 1940. 39(2):99-102. (Description of Platyptilia crataea Fletcher.) 8 A star indicates that the original was not examined by the present writer Forbes William T. M. The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. Mem. 1923. 68:639-644. figs. 402, 405 DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.23875 [CrossRef] Geoffroy Etienne Louis. Histoire abrégée des insectes qui si trouve aux environs de Paris, dans lacquelle ces animaux sont ranges suivant un order methodique 1762. Paris Grinnell Fordyce Jr. Notes on the Pterophoridae or plume-moths of southern California, with description of new species. Canad. Ent. 1908. 40:315-317. DOI: 10.4039/Ent40313-9 [CrossRef] Grinnell J. A revised life zone map of California. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Zoöl. 1935. 40:327-330. Haworth A. H. Lepidoptera Britannica 1803-1828. p.609. 4 teile, London DOI: 10.1080/14786442808674667 [CrossRef] Hofmann Ottmar. Die Deutschen Pterophoriden. Systematisch und Biologogisch Bearbeitet. 1896. pp.5-219. Ber. Naturw. Ver. Regensburgh Hovanitz William. Parallel ecogenotypical color variation in butterflies. Ecology. 1941. 22(3):259- 284. figs DOI: 10.2307/1929613 [CrossRef] Hübner Jakob. Tentamen determinationis, digestionis atque denominationis singularium stirpium Lepidopterorum peritis ad inspiciendum et dijudicandum communicatum. 1816-1826. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge 1805 or 1806. p.431. Augsburg Jordan R. C. R. A notice on the Skandinaviens Fjädermott of H. D. J. Wallengren. Ent. Monthly Mag. 1869. 6:119-125. 149-152. [Platyptilus (Hüb.) p. 120-121; Amblyptilus (Hüb.), p. 121.] Kellicott D. I. Notes on the larvae of some local Pterophoridae. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. Bul. 1882. 4:47-52. (Platyptilia carduidactyla, p. 47.) Lange W. H. Jr. Early stages of California plume moths—No. I. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 1939a. 38(1):20-26. (Platyptilia albiciliata rubricans Lange, p. 24-25, pupa figured.) Lange W. H. Jr. Two new California plume moths. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. Bul. 1939b. 38(3):157- 168. 5 pl Lange W. H. Jr. An apparently new Alaskan Platyptilia. Can. Ent. 1940. 72:84-85. 2 figs DOI: 10.4039/Ent7284-4 [CrossRef] Lange W. H. Jr. The artichoke plume moth and other pests injurious to the globe artichoke. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 1941. 653:1-71. 29 figs Lange W. H. Jr. Certain plume moths of economic importance in California. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1942. 35(5):718-724. 6 figs Latreille Pierre André. Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel 1796. p.xiii + 201. Bordeaux. (Orneodes, p. 148; Pterophorus, p. 148.) Lindsey A. W. Trichoptilus pygmaeus Wlsm., and the neuration of the family Pterophordiae. Denison Univ. Sci. Labs. Bul. 1924. 20:187-192. 3 figs., 1 pl Linné Carl von, Linnaeus Carolus. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis 1758. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Holmiae McDunnough J. Contribution toward a knowledge of our Canadian plume moths (Lepidoptera) 1927. pp.177-182. Roy. Soc. Canada Trans. Section V: 175-188, 2 pl. (Platyptilia, pl. I, II.) McDunnough J. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. Mem. 1939. 2(1):1-171. (Platyptilia, p. 37.) Meyrick E. On the classification of the Pyralidina of the European fauna. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. part 3 (Sept.). 1890. 1890:429-491. 1 pl. (Pterophoridae, p. 483-490.) DOI: 10.1111/j.1365- 2311.1890.tb02704.x [CrossRef] Meyrick E. Notes and descriptions of Pterophoridae and Orneodidae. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1908. 1907:471-511. (Platyptilia xylopsamma Meyrick, described.) Meyrick E. Genera Insectorum. fasc. 1910. 100 Bruxelles: M.
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