Chapter 5 Notes

Exploration and Early Colonization Era

WHY HISTORIANS DIVIDE THE PAST INTO ERAS

 Historians divide the past into eras in order to examine how political, economic, geographic and social patterns change over time.

Era- Period of time. Unit 3 Important People/Events

 Christopher Columbus

 Hernan Cortes

 Montezuma (Moctezuma II)

 Alonso Alvarez De Pineda

 Panfilo de Narvaez

 Narvaez Expedition

 Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca

 Estevanico

 Francisco Vasquez De Coronado

 Cibola I. Europe Eyes the Americas A. Spain Expands Its Influence

1. Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain in 1492 to find a faster trade ROUTE to Asia. 2. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella FINANCED his expeditions - 4 in all. In Fourteen Hundred Ninety Two, Columbus Sailed the Ocean Blue!! COLUMBUS’S FOUR VOYAGES II. Spanish Explorers Come to Texas

B. Spain Established Colonies 1. From 1492 until 1519 Spain concentrated on establishing colonies in the West Indies. 2. Conquistador – Spanish explorer who searched for wealth and land a. Could gain personal wealth & prestige by conquering an area. SPANISH EXPLORERS In Texas: 1519– 1598 C. Reasons for Exploration: 1. Can be summed up with the phrase: “Gold, God, and Glory” •Search for a quicker route to Asia to facilitate the spice trade. •Competition had increased between the empires of Spain, Portugal, France and England. Texas History

Chapter 5

1519 Cortés and his army sail to what is now Mexico.

Short-Term Effects Long-Term Effects • conquered the Aztec Empire • increased Spain’s power • killed or enslaved many • established Mexico as a base Aztecs from which Spain could • gained for Spain the Aztecs’ launch explorations wealth and land • expanded Spain’s American • built Mexico City on top of the empire, which covered much ruins of Tenochtitlán, which of North and South America became the capital of New by 1600 Spain • increased the empire and wealth of Spain

Chapter 5 Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda 1. Was the 1st European to see the Texas coast. (1519) 2. Made the 1st map of the gulf coast

Chapter 5

1519 1519 1519 Alonso Álvarez de He and his crew He is best known Pineda sailed settled near for mapping from Jamaica into the Pánuco River the northern Gulf of the Gulf of Mexico. near American Mexico, including Indian villages. Texas.

Next Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Pineda’s Map B. Hernando Cortes Conquers Mexico 1. In 1519, Cortes was sent by the governor of Cuba to explore the America’s. 2. Cortes gained control of Mexico by defeating the Aztecs under Montezuma. 3. The gold & riches Cortes brought back to Spain made the Spanish more eager to explore New Spain.

Texas History

Chapter 5 Narvaez Expedition - 1526 • Led by Panfilo de Narvaez • Landed in Florida and split in half. • Shipwrecks near Galveston bay • 80 survivors including Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico

Chapter 5 Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca 1. Cabeza de Vaca was one of 80 survivors of the Narvaez expedition shipwrecked on Galveston Bay. 2. They were the 1st Europeans to set foot in Texas. 3. He lived with the Karankawas for 6 years as a slave and healer.

Chapter 5 Narvaez Expedition Continued. • One of the 4 was a slave named Esteban (Estavanico). He was the 1st African to set foot in Texas.

The Search for Cibola 1. Francisco Coronado – 1540, sent North from Mexico to look for Cibola. 2. Followed a Native, El Turco, across the Texas Panhandle, went up to Kansas, to Quivera, and claimed all the land for Spain.

I. The Search for Cibola Cont. 1. Hernando de Soto – 1539, led second expedition to look for Cibola, beginning in Florida across the Southern U.S. to discover the Mississippi River.

Texas History

Chapter 5

SPANISH EXPLORATION IN TEXAS

Effects on Spain Effects on American Indians • established a claim to Texas • gained new plants and animals • gained knowledge about land from Europe, such as horses and people of Texas • rise of a Plains Indian horse • gained new plants and animals culture from the Americas • Plains Indians’ fighting and • gained a buffer zone between hunting abilities increased by Spanish settlement and horses American Indians/Europeans to • many Texas Indian deaths from the north European diseases • lost equine military advantage • conflict with the Spanish • conflict with Texas Indians

E. Examples of items exchanged

1. Horses were brought to the Americas by the explorers. a. They changed the way of life for the Plains Indians. 2. Intro of corn, potatoes, sugar & cotton from America to other continents changed lives around the world. 3. Diseases were introduced to the Americas by the Spanish explorers, decimating the Native population. III. The French Explore Texas A. France Shows Interest in the Gulf 1. A French explorer, Rene Robert Sieur de La Salle (Robert la Salle), discovered the Mississippi River, claiming all the lands it reached for France. 2. He named the land “Louisiana” after the king of France.

3. He later convinced King Louis & Queen Anne to let him return to the new land and establish a French colony. 4. La Salle went back to America in 1684, looking for the mouth of the Mississippi. 5. He landed at Matagorda Bay instead of the Mississippi. 6. He established Ft. St. Louis- 1st French colony in Texas. B. Ft. St. Louis was unsuccessful and French exploration in the Americas ended. C. However, Spain saw a threat to it’s hold in the New World and then began colonizing again. FRENCH AND SPANISH CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688 Chapter Summary Europe Eyes the Americas Columbus came to the New World looking for gold and a new The French Explore Texas trade route to Asia. Although he Spain’s claims on Texas lands found neither, his four voyages prompted France to establish a inspired others to seek their fortunes in the Americas. colony of its own. Although La Salle’s Texas colony did not survive, France’s presence renewed Spain’s interest in settling Texas. Spanish Explorers Come to Texas Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of riches drew the explorers north to Texas where they established a successful mission. 1.This Italian sailor believed he could reach Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic. a. Juan de Oñate b. Christopher Columbus c. Hernando de Soto

2.This term refers to (describes) Spanish soldiers and adventurers (people looking for riches). a. conquistadores b. mustangs c. Epidemics

3.This Spanish soldier and his men conquered (took over by force) the Aztec Empire. a. Hernán Cortés b. Fray Marcos de Niza c. Pánfilo de Narváez

4.This Spanish explorer (person who travels around to get riches or knowledge) and his crew were the first people to see the Texas coast. a. Hernando de Soto b. Alonso Álvarez de Pineda c. Juan de Oñate

5.This Spanish explorer (person who travels around to get riches or knowledge) searched for gold in Apalachee but found none. a. Christopher Columbus b. Luis de Moscoso Alvarado c. Pánfilo de Narváez