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Fuzzy Designing and Scheduling of Automotive Ecus Over Controller Area Network

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Fuzzy Designing and Scheduling of Automotive Ecus Over Controller Area Network International Journal of Advanced Computer Engineering and Communication Technology (IJACECT) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Fuzzy designing and scheduling of Automotive ECUs over Controller Area Network 1Anu Jose, 2Shinu M R , 3Divya P 1,2,3 Department of Computer Science Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bangalore Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] controllers for the engine and transmission system Abstract- The technological advancements of embedded system and electronics within the vehicle are being driven generally require 32 bit CPUs to process the real time by the challenge to make the vehicle safer, more energy algorithms. Other areas of the automotive industry, such efficient and networked. Implementation of Automotive as chassis and safety systems use both 16 bit and 32 bit tasks has become easier with various advancement in processors, depending on complexity of the control. The software and hardware design modules. These Automotive electronic content within the vehicle continues to grow tasks are implemented on a controller called ECU. Heart of and more systems become intelligent with the addition of any ECU is a Flash-based microcontroller which varies microcontroller based electronics. A normal vehicle from a System on Chip to Field Programmable Gate Array today contains an average of 25 to 35 microcontrollers (FPGA) which are used in different vehicle domains. with some luxury vehicles containing up to 70 Automotive tasks selected for this project are Windshield wiper control, Adaptive cruise control and Seat-belt microcontrollers per vehicle. Flash-based tightener. Windshield wiper control is designed using microcontrollers are continuing to replace switches, Fuzzy Logic method and adaptive cruise control using PI relays, and traditional mechanical functions with higher- controller. The tasks in the application program should be reliability components while eliminating the cost and checked whether they execute within their deadline. So, the weight of copper wire. Embedded controllers can drive need of Real-time scheduling comes into play in Automotive motors to operate power seats, mirrors, and windows. Embedded System. Driver-information processors display or announce navigation and traffic information along with vehicle Keywords: Fuzzy designing, Controller area network, diagnostics [1]. adaptive cruise control, ECU, Windshield Wiper control, PI controller. Networks are a recent addition to embedded systems which are the challenge of squeezing in the hardware and I. INTRODUCTION code for in-car networking. To satisfy the new emissions regulations of government, vehicle manufacturers and Every year, automobile manufacturers pack new the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) developed embedded system into vehicles. Small processors in the J1850, an automotive-network protocol. European deep recesses of the vehicle exchange and collect manufacturers support controller area network (CAN). information to optimize, control, and monitor many of The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a multi master the functions that a few years ago were totally serial communication protocol. CAN protocol provide mechanical. The advancements of embedded system and advantages over other communication protocols. CAN electronics within the vehicle are being driven by the serial communication protocol offers a very good challenge to make the system more energy efficient, safer, price/performance ratio. CAN allow moving data with a and networked. Flash-based microcontrollers, from fast transmission speed (up to 1 Mbit/s) and can be used system on-chip (SOC) to Field Programmable Gate in real-time systems. CAN data is reliable and the error Array (FPGA), are the heart of embedded system design. detection is robust and sophisticated. Unlike a traditional network such as Ethernet or USB, CAN does not send In 1968 for fuel injection, Volkswagen launched the first large blocks of data point-to-point from a node to embedded system in the automotive field. Historically, another node under a central bus master. In a CAN low-cost 8 bit and 16 bit microprocessors were the norm network short messages like RPM or temperature are in automotive controllers, and engineers written majority broadcast to the entire network, which allows for data of the code in assembly language. A successful consistency in each node of the entire system. automotive electronic design depends on careful selection of microprocessor. Modern power train _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ISSN (Print): 2278-5140, Volume -3, Issue -1, 2014 18 International Journal of Advanced Computer Engineering and Communication Technology (IJACECT) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ II. LITERATURE SURVEY emptive scheduling requires control of the processor be given to the task of the highest priority at all time. In the Automotive electronics first began with the need for event that makes a higher priority task ready to run, the better controls for the engine. The first electronic part in current running task is immediately suspended and the an automobile was called an ECU which means “engine control of the processor is given to the higher priority control unit”. task [2]. 2.1 Survey on different automotive domains 2.3 Survey on communication protocols Automotive embedded systems are distributed systems With the increase of number and complex of automotive and according to different domains in the automotive electronic control system, it is impossible to use field, they can be classified as, traditional point-to-point links method for implementing information exchange between different ECU. This Engine Electronics method will bring drawbacks such as the increase of Transmission Electronics wiring length and weight, redundancy of signal cable, Chassis Electronics difficulty of examine and repair, lack of electric device Active Safety protect, impossibility of information sharing and Driver assistance integration, and finally increase the hardness and Passenger Comfort complexity of system integration. Passenger car control Infotainment systems system is real-time networked control system which aims at passenger car as control object, applies in-vehicle Engine control unit, one of the most demanding network as information transmission channel, uses electronic parts of an automobile. Engine controls electronics integration and network integration as basis, demand one of the highest real time deadlines, as the information integration and control integration as core, engine system itself is very fast and complex part of the function integration as target, design integration as automobile. In a Diesel Engine, embedded systems development method. Supported by automotive include[1]: electronic control technology, in-vehicle network Fuel injection rate technology, embedded control technology, sensor Emission control, NOx control technology and intelligent control technology etc, it Oxidation catalytic converter shares information and achieves correlative real-time Turbocharger control control between ECU‟s and electric devices according to Cooling system control special control functions. Throttle control 2.3.1 Available communication protocols There are lots of sensors about 20 to50, which measure temperature, flow, pressure, engine speed, oxygen level Numerous communication protocols are available for and NOx level and more parameters at different points in automotive networking. They are listed below. an engine. All these sensor output signals are sent to the electronic control unit. The ECU output is connected to a. CAN (Controller Area Network) different actuator like throttle valve actuation, EGR valve actuation. CAN is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each 2.2 Survey on available RTOS schedulers other within a vehicle without a host computer. Bit rates up to 1 Mbit/s are possible at network lengths below 40 The real time scheduler keeps record of the state of each m [4]. decreasing the bit rate supports long network task and selects from among them that are ready to distances. execute and allocates the CPU to one of them [8]. A real time scheduler helps to maximize CPU utilization among b. VAN (Vehicle Area Network) different tasks in a multi-tasking program and to minimize waiting time. There are two types of VAN is a vehicle bus developed by PSA Peugeot Citroen schedulers available: non-pre emptive and priority-based and Renault. It is a serial communication protocol pre emptive. Non-pre emptive scheduling or cooperative capable of speeds up to 125 Kbit/s. multitasking requires the tasks to cooperate with each other to explicitly give up control of the processor. When c. Flex Ray the task releases the control, the next impotent task that is already in ready state will be executed. A task that is Flex Ray is a general purpose high-speed protocol with newly entered with a higher priority than the others will safety-critical features. Flex ray is designed to be faster only get control of the processor when the current and more reliable than CAN, but is more expensive executing task gives up the control. Priority-based pre _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ISSN (Print): 2278-5140, Volume -3, Issue -1, 2014 19 International Journal
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