The Sacraments

SPIRIT of TRUTH

Grade 7 Sample Unit 3, Lessons 1 and 2

Included here are two sample lessons from the 7th grade Spirit of Truth teacher’s guide, followed by the corresponding pages from the 7th grade student workbook.

Order the full Grade 7 books at SophiaInstituteforTeachers.org/SpiritofTruth UNIT 3 The Sacraments

Lessons in This Unit ӹӹ Lesson 1: Exploring ӹӹ Lesson 7: Eucharist: ӹӹ Lesson 12: Anointing the Sacraments History and Celebration of the Sick: Effects and with Sacred Art ӹӹ Lesson 8: Eucharist: Living the Sacrament ӹӹ Lesson 2: What is Effects and Living ӹӹ Lesson 13: Holy a Sacrament? the Sacrament Matrimony: History ӹӹ Lesson 3: Baptism: ӹӹ Lesson 9: Penance and Celebration History and Celebration and Reconciliation: ӹӹ Lesson 14: Holy ӹӹ Lesson 4: Baptism: History and Celebration Matrimony: Effects and Effects and Living ӹӹ Lesson 10: Penance Living the Sacrament the Sacrament and Reconciliation: ӹӹ Lesson 15: Holy Orders: ӹӹ Lesson 5: Confirmation: Effects and Living History and Celebration History and Celebration the Sacrament ӹӹ Lesson 16: Holy ӹӹ Lesson 6: Confirmation: ӹӹ Lesson 11: Anointing Orders: Effects and Effects and Living of the Sick: History Living the Sacrament the Sacrament and Celebration

Scripture Studied in This Unit ӹӹ Genesis 2:22-24 ӹӹ Luke 15:7 ӹӹ Acts 2:2-3 ӹӹ Exodus 12:6-8 ӹӹ Luke 15:20 ӹӹ Acts 2:38 ӹӹ Exodus 14:29 ӹӹ Luke 22:19-20 ӹӹ Romans 10:15 ӹӹ Isaiah 1:18 ӹӹ John 1:14 ӹӹ Romans 12:2 ӹӹ Isaiah 33:24 ӹӹ John 3:5 ӹӹ 1 Corinthians 13:13 ӹӹ Matthew 4:18- 20 ӹӹ John 6:53 ӹӹ 2 Corinthians 5:17-1 ӹӹ Matthew 5:48 ӹӹ John 15:5 ӹӹ Ephesians 6:16-17 ӹӹ Matthew 19:8 ӹӹ John 19:34 ӹӹ Revelation 19:7-9 ӹӹ Mark 2:17 ӹӹ John 20:21-23 ӹӹ Mark 6:12-13 ӹӹ Acts 1:8

Unit 3 Overview 123 Connection to the Catechism of the Catholic Church

Lesson 1 Lesson 10 ӹӹ 774-776 ӹӹ 1435, 1439-1442, 1450-1456, 1458-1459, 1466-1470, 1480, Lesson 2 1488-1489, 1494 ӹӹ 1127, 1128, 1131 Lesson 11 Lesson 3 ӹӹ 399-402, 405, 407, 1499, 1500- ӹӹ 1215, 1217-1225, 1234-1245, 1506, 1511 1278-1279, 1284 Lesson 12 Lesson 4 ӹӹ 1500-1510, 1514-1523, 2276, ӹӹ 1257-1274 2447-2448

Lesson 5 Lesson 13 ӹӹ 687-701, 1285-1289, 1294 ӹӹ 1602, 1605, 1612-1613, 1617

Lesson 6 Lesson 14 ӹӹ 1289, 1293-1297, 1300-1306, ӹӹ 1603-1608, 1639-1640, 1655- 1310-1314, 1317, 1320, 1831 1658, 1826-1829

Lesson 7 Lesson 15 ӹӹ 1324, 1333-1336, 1373-1376 ӹӹ 874, 1536, 1548, 1551, 1554- 1556, 1590, 1594 Lesson 8 ӹӹ 1328-1332, 1391-1401, 1409, Lesson 16 1411-1412 ӹӹ 874, 936, 938-939, 1577-1578

Lesson 9 ӹӹ 1441-1446, 1485

124 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Introduction

hat is a Sacrament? This question is one A mystical gift from Christ, a Sacrament is an Wamong many that are wonderful because efficacious sign of grace. The exterior aspect they cannot be answered — not fully, at least. of the seven Sacraments consists of two parts What is life? What is love? What is a Sacrament? necessary for validity, traditionally divided Such questions cannot be answered fully into the philosophic terms matter and form. because they are essentially mysterious — as The matter consists of water, bread, wine, oil, are the best things in life. Thus, so are the hands, speech, or other material elements Sacraments of the Catholic Church. involved in giving supernatural grace. The form consists of words and actions that express the circumstances of that giving and celebrate The Way of Salvation Is Incarnational them as a priestly community of ministers. In Jesus Christ, the visible and the invisible are Thus, the Church utilizes the graces of forever unified and their union sanctified: the Baptism, Reconciliation, the Eucharist, Creator and the created, the Infinite and the Confirmation, Matrimony, Holy Orders, and finite, God and man. Following the Incarnation, Anointing of the Sick to bring souls to life, the way of salvation is incarnational. The Holy health, holiness, and happiness. Spirit operates in and through the corporeal; for the Church exists in the world for people living in the world, not for disembodied souls. Sacraments of Initiation The objective of the Church is to secure the In Baptism, Jesus redeems us from all sin sanctity and salvation of all, and as such, she including the stain of Original Sin. The embraces the material in the process. This is Father speaks to us the words He spoke at the secret realm of the Sacraments. And a joyful Jesus’ Baptism: “You are my beloved son [or realm it is.

A mystical gift from Christ, a Sacrament is an efficacious sign of grace.

Stained glass showing St. Alphonsus kneeling before the Most Holy Sacrament, Carlow Cathedral, Ireland.

Unit 3 Overview 125 daughter]; with you I am well pleased” (Luke experience to a positive act by uniting the suffering 3:22) and we become a new creation in Christ. with the redemptive suffering and death of Jesus Confirmation deepens the bond of love with Christ on the Cross. God and with the Church, as Jesus fulfills His promise to send the Holy Spirit so that we can Sacraments at the Service of bear witness to Him and be faithful in trial and persecution. The Eucharist brings communion Communion with Christ to perfection. In every Sacrament, Through Matrimony and Holy Orders, Jesus Jesus’ paschal charity, the love by which He makes us His associates in special missions loves us to the end is at work. In the Eucharist, to give our lives for the salvation of others. the Lord Himself is present in His great act of These Sacraments confer on us the grace to offering Himself to the Father for our salvation. grow in holiness by conforming us to Him who Here, Christ makes us associates in His “did not come to be served but to serve” (Mark mission to save the world, inviting us to offer 10:45). Through the ordained, Jesus continues ourselves — through, with, and in Him — to the to love us by teaching the truth, sanctifying Father. This is the summit of worship for God’s through the Sacraments, and guiding us as our priestly people, and the fullest manifestation of Shepherd. Those who marry receive a mission the mystery of the Church, that is, the mystery to grow in holiness together by seeking the of God’s love transforming those who believe. kingdom of God in the service of life and love in the family.

Sacraments of Healing The Sacraments make Jesus’ paschal charity active and effective in the world. Just as people Penance and Reconciliation brings about the of faith knew where to find Jesus to be healed forgiveness of sins, reunites us with the Father, and saved, we know that we encounter His and restores our relationship with the Body of love in the Sacraments. Two desires converge Christ. Anointing of the Sick strengthens the soul in the Sacraments: God’s desire to love us, and and heals the body, according to God’s will, in the our desire to be loved by Him and to love Him face of serious sickness and the threat of death. in return. We, on earth, desire what Christ, in The Sacrament provides the person with the Heaven, desires. In the Sacraments God’s will is opportunity to transform suffering from a negative done on earth as it is in Heaven (Matthew 6:10)!

126 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Exploring the Sacraments with Sacred Art

UNIT 3, LESSON 1

Learning Goals Connection to the ӹӹ A Sacrament is an outward and visible sign Catechism of the of an inward and invisible grace. Catholic Church ӹ The Seven Sacraments are Baptism, ӹ ӹӹ CCC 774 Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and ӹӹ CCC 776 Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders. ӹӹ The Church herself is a Sacrament, Vocabulary because she is a visible sign that points to ӹӹ Sacrament the invisible reality of Christ’s Kingdom. ӹӹ Sign ӹӹ The Mass is an unbloody re-presentation of Jesus’ sacrifice on Calvary.

BIBLICAL TOUCHSTONES

The Word became flesh and made his dwelling [B]ut one soldier thrust his lance into his side, among us. and immediately blood and water flowed out.

JOHN 1:14 JOHN 19:34

127 Lesson Plan

Materials ӹӹ Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage ӹӹ The Sacraments Make the Invisible Visible ӹӹ Mond Crucifixion

DAY ONE

Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (EXTERIOR) Warm-Up Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (INTERIOR) A. Locate Chartres, France, on a map or on Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (STAINED GLASS) Google Earth. Let students know that

Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (PLAN vIEW) you will look at one of the most famous Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage

Directions: Take some time to quietly view and refl ect on the photographs. Then discuss the and beautiful cathedrals ever built, questions below with your classmates.

Conversation Questions located in this town about an hour’s 1. These are photographs of the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Chartres. This cathedral was built in 1193 and is an example4 of Gothic architecture. What does Notre Dame de Chartres mean? drive from Paris. 2. Find Chartres, France, on a map or globe.

Exterior 3. How would you describe the exterior (outside) of the cathedral? Why do you Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker think cathedrals are built facing east?

4. Does Chartres cathedral look similar to or different from the church where B. Project all the pictures except the “Plan you attend Mass? How would celebrating Mass in a place like this be different from Mass at your parish? 5. The photo in the lower left corner of the exterior page is a detail of the View” on Chartres Cathedral Photo sculpture over one of the entrances to the cathedral known as the Royal Portal. Who is the central fi gure? Why do you think these entrances are called portals? 2 Collage (page 171). Give students Interior 6. At each Holy Mass, Heaven and earth meet. What are some ways the interior 1. Narthexof this cathedral communicates this reality? Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker Stained glass window detail. Photo by Paul Williams. 2. Nave 3 7. Why do we light candles in churches? What do the candles signify? several minutes to quietly view the 3. Transept Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker 171 Stained4. Apse8. (SanctuaryChartres Cathedral is famous for its 12th- to 14th-century stained glass. This glass and altar)detail is from one of the windows. What event from Jesus’ life does it show? photographs before you say or ask 9. All the natural light that enters Chartres Cathedral is fi ltered through stained glass. What172 effect do you think that has on the experience of being inside the cathedral? 1 anything. Allow them to come up and Plan View 10. Find the different spaces of the cathedral: the narthex, the nave, the transept, and the sanctuary. The narthex was reserved for catechumens — those who 173 had not been fully initiated into the Church. Why do you think the narthex is located where it is in relation to the nave and the altar? stand closer to the image to examine 11. How does the architecture of the building communicate where the most 174 sacred space can be found? details. 175

Activity Put students in small groups and give each group a copy of the photographs. Have them discuss the conversation questions with each other. During this time, focus on keeping students intent on the images and the discussion questions, letting their conversations go in unexpected ways.

Formative Assessment A. Circulate among the groups, listening to their discussions, keeping them on task, and offering insights or clarification where needed. B. Before moving on, have each group write one question they would ask the architects who designed Chartres Cathedral and turn it in.

128 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

DAY TWO Warm-Up Project once again the images except the “Plan View” from the Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage, and read aloud a few of the most interesting questions offered by the student groups the previous day. Allow students to share their reactions and other personal responses to the photographs.

Activity A. Give students copies of the art, and have them skim over the questions they discussed the previous day. Then call on groups in turn to share their answers to each of the questions. B. Optional extension: Show the 3.5-minute Khan Academy video on the interior of Chartres Cathedral, found at: khanacademy.org/humanities/medieval-world/latin-western-europe/ gothic1/v/part-2-cathedral-of-notre-dame-de-chartres-c-1145-and-1194-c-1220. C. Now project the “Plan View” from the Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (page 174). Discuss the following questions: ӹӹ What do you notice about the shape of the cathedral’s “footprint”? It looks like a cross. ӹӹ Why might the front part be called a nave? What is the purpose of this part of the cathedral? Think of similar words, such as navy, or navigate. The Latin word for ship is navis. ӹӹ How is the Church like a ship? Can you connect the Church to any important ships in the Bible? Noah’s ark is a type, or prefiguring, of the Church. The Church is like Noah’s ark. The ark saved Noah and his family from the destruction of sin and delivered them to a world made new; in the Church, all people are invited to become the People of God, who build His Kingdom on earth. ӹӹ Where do people enter a cathedral? There are doors in front and on the sides. ӹӹ How do we enter the Catholic Church? We enter the Church through the Sacraments, specifically through the Sacraments of Initiation: Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist. ӹӹ What is a Sacrament? A Sacrament is an outward and visible sign, instituted by Christ, of an inward and invisible grace.

Formative Assessment A. Read aloud from Catechism of the Catholic Church no. 774: The seven sacraments are the signs and instruments by which the Holy Spirit spreads the grace of Christ the head throughout the Church which is his Body. The Church, then, both contains and communicates the invisible grace she signifies. It is in this…sense, that the Church is called a “sacrament.”

Unit 3, lesson 1 129 Lesson Plan

B. Using the prompts on the top half of The

The Sacraments Make the Invisible Visible Sacraments Make the Invisible Visible (page

Directions: Answer the questions below. 176), have students reflect on St. Augustine’s

1. A Sacrament is an outward and visible sign of an inward and invisible grace. Put this quotation in your own words: quotation and connect it to the activities of the ______

______

______last two days.

2. The Church is both visible and invisble; material and divine. The Church helps us get to heaven, and also gives us a taste of what heaven will be like. In what ways do the art and architecture of Chartres Cathedral — a church — represent the Church?

______

3. The Seven Sacraments are Baptism, Confi rmation, Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, DAY THREE Anointing of the Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders. The Catechism teaches that the Church herself is also a Sacrament. Why do you think that is?

______Warm-Up ______Mond Crucifi xion BY RAPHAEL (1502) A. Put up an image of the painting on Mond Mond Cruciﬁ xion

Mond Crucifi xion, by Raphael Crucifixion (page 177). As a large group,

Directions: Take some time to quietly view and refl ect on the art. Let yourself be inspired in discuss the questions on the handout. any way that happens naturally. Then think about the questions below, and discuss 176 them with your classmates.

Discussion Questions 1. How would you describe this scene as Raphael has painted it? What adjectives would you B. Now put up the Raphael painting alongside use?

2. What feelings does this painting seem intended to inspire? 3. Who or what are the liveliest fi gures in the painting? Where are they? the “Plan View” image of Chartres Cathedral. 4. What do you think the sun and the moon represent?

5. Is this painting like other depictions of the Crucifi xion you have seen? How is it similar? How is it different? By lining them up together in this way, the 6. Does Jesus appear to be suffering, or does He appear to be at peace?

7. Who are the people with Jesus? 8. There are angels on either side of Jesus. What are they doing? resemblance of the cathedral’s layout to a cross 9. This painting by Renaissance artist Raphael was part of an altarpiece. Why is a painting like this appropriate for an altar? should become clearer.

National Gallery, London. C. Project John 19:33-35, and have a student stand and read it aloud: 177

178 But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs, but one soldier thrust his lance into his side, and immediately blood and water flowed out. An eyewitness has testified, and his testimony is true; he knows that he is speaking the truth, so that you also may [come to] believe.

D. Explain that the Church understands this moment as the birth of the Sacraments, specifically, Baptism and the Eucharist. If needed, help students understand that the blood that poured out of Jesus’ side represents the Eucharist, and the water from Jesus’ side represents Baptism. Each angel in the Raphael painting catches Jesus’ precious blood in a chalice, signifying the birth of the new covenant in Christ’s blood. E. Explain how cathedrals and many church buildings are built in the shape of a cross to remind us of the Crucifixion. We enter the Catholic Church through the Sacraments, and the way we enter a physical church building through the side reminds us of how the Sacraments were born from Christ’s side.

130 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

Activity and Assessment Using the Unit 3 Copywork section in the student workbooks, have students write out and commit to memory the following Bible verses, which complement all the lessons in this unit. Give students a few minutes each day to study them and practice recitation and writing. Before completing this unit, select one or two of these verses to have students write out from memory as a quiz at the end of the unit. Students should also be able to recite all the memorized Scripture and identify the work of art in this lesson. You may wish to give extra points to students who can identify not only the title of the work but also the artist, time period, and location of the work. ӹӹ So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore, what God has joined together, no human being must separate. MATTHEW 19:6

ӹӹ While they were eating, Jesus took bread, said the blessing, broke it, and giving it to his disciples said, “Take and eat; this is my body.” MATTHEW 26:26

ӹӹ “Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you.” MATTHEW 28:19-20

ӹӹ Whose sins you forgive are forgiven them, and whose sins you retain are retained. JOHN 20:23

ӹӹ While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the holy Spirit said, “Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.” Then, completing their fasting and prayer, they laid hands on them and sent them off. ACTS 13:2-3

ӹӹ And when Paul laid [his] hands on them, the holy Spirit came upon them, and they spoke in tongues and prophesied. ACTS 19:6

ӹӹ Is anyone among you sick? He should summon the presbyters of the church, and they should pray over him and anoint [him] with oil in the name of the Lord, and the prayer of faith will save the sick person, and the Lord will raise him up. If he has committed any sins, he will be forgiven. JAMES 5:14-15

Unit 3, lesson 1 131 Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (EXTERIOR)

Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker

171

132 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (INTERIOR)

Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker

172

Unit 3, lesson 1 133 Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (STAINED GLASS)

Stained glass window detail. Photo by Paul Williams.

173

134 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (PLAN vIEW)

2 1. Narthex 2. Nave 3 3. Transept 4. Apse (Sanctuary and altar)

174

Unit 3, lesson 1 135 Answer Key 1. Our Lady of Chartres Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage 2. Chartres is in Directions: Take some time to quietly view and refl ect on the photographs. Then discuss the the southwest questions below with your classmates. of France, in Conversation Questions Western Europe. 1. These are photographs of the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Chartres. This cathedral was built in 1193 and is an example of Gothic architecture. What 3. They are built does Notre Dame de Chartres mean?

facing east as an 2. Find Chartres, France, on a map or globe.

acknowledgment Exterior 3. How would you describe the exterior (outside) of the cathedral? Why do you that it is Christ think cathedrals are built facing east? who enlightens. 4. Does Chartres cathedral look similar to or different from the church where you attend Mass? How would celebrating Mass in a place like this be different from Mass at your parish? 4. Accept reasoned 5. The photo in the lower left corner of the exterior page is a detail of the answers. sculpture over one of the entrances to the cathedral known as the Royal Portal. Who is the central fi gure? Why do you think these entrances are called 5. The figure is Jesus portals? Christ. A portal Interior 6. At each Holy Mass, Heaven and earth meet. What are some ways the interior of this cathedral communicates this reality? is an entrance to 7. Why do we light candles in churches? What do the candles signify? another world. At Stained 8. Chartres Cathedral is famous for its 12th- to 14th-century stained glass. This each Holy Mass, glass detail is from one of the windows. What event from Jesus’ life does it show?

Heaven and Earth 9. All the natural light that enters Chartres Cathedral is fi ltered through stained glass. What effect do you think that has on the experience of being inside the meet and we cathedral?

glimpse Heaven. Plan View 10. Find the different spaces of the cathedral: the narthex, the nave, the transept, The word portal and the sanctuary. The narthex was reserved for catechumens — those who had not been fully initiated into the Church. Why do you think the narthex is comes from the located where it is in relation to the nave and the altar? Latin for “city 11. How does the architecture of the building communicate where the most sacred space can be found? gate” or “porch,” and the Church is 175 the earthly sign of the Heavenly City of Jerusalem, or the City of God described in the Book of Revelation.

6. Students may say the architecture looks and inspires awe and/or feels “heavenly.” The altar is an especially sacred space as shown by the design of the space.

7. As a sign that Jesus is the light of the world. Candles can also signify our prayers going up to heaven.

8. The panel shows the Last Supper.

9. Accept reasoned answers.

10. It is farthest away, signifying that those in it are at the beginning of their journey to Heaven.

11. The sanctuary is the farthest away from the front doors, signifying that it is the end of the pilgrim journey of this life: Heaven.

136 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Accept reasoned answers. The Sacraments Make the Invisible Visible 2. It is built in the

shape of a cross Directions: Answer the questions below. to remind us of 1. A Sacrament is an outward and visible sign of an inward and invisible grace. the Crucifixion. Its Put this quotation in your own words:

architecture, its ______

light, its stained- ______

glass windows, its ______candlelight, and the way incense 2. The Church is both visible and invisble; material and divine. The Church helps us get to heaven, and also gives us a taste of what heaven will be like. In what ways do the art and travels up to architecture of Chartres Cathedral — a church — represent the Church? heaven like our ______prayers create a ______sacred space and ______remind us of how 3. The Seven Sacraments are Baptism, Confi rmation, Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Heaven and earth Anointing of the Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders. The Catechism teaches that the Church meet at each herself is also a Sacrament. Why do you think that is? ______Holy Mass. We ______enter the Church ______through the Sacraments, and the way we enter a physical church building through the side reminds us of how the 176 Sacraments were born from Christ’s side. It has spaces set aside to celebrate the Sacraments: the Church both contains and signifies the grace of the Sacraments.

3. The Church is a Sacrament because it is a visible sign that points to the invisible reality of Christ’s Kingdom.

Unit 3, lesson 1 137 Mond Crucifi xion BY RAPHAEL (1502)

National Gallery, London.

177

138 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Accept reasoned answers. Mond Cruciﬁ xion 2. Accept reasoned answers. Mond Crucifi xion, by Raphael

3. Students will Directions: Take some time to quietly view and refl ect on the art. Let yourself be inspired in likely point out any way that happens naturally. Then think about the questions below, and discuss the angels, who them with your classmates.

are next to Jesus. Discussion Questions 1. How would you describe this scene as Raphael has painted it? What adjectives would you 4. Perhaps life and use? death, death 2. What feelings does this painting seem intended to inspire? and rebirth, 3. Who or what are the liveliest fi gures in the painting? Where are they? 4. What do you think the sun and the moon represent? beginnings and 5. Is this painting like other depictions of the Crucifi xion you have seen? How is it similar? endings. Accept How is it different? other reasoned 6. Does Jesus appear to be suffering, or does He appear to be at peace? answers. 7. Who are the people with Jesus? 8. There are angels on either side of Jesus. What are they doing? 5. Accept reasoned 9. This painting by Renaissance artist Raphael was part of an altarpiece. Why is a painting like this appropriate for an altar? answers.

6. He appears to be at peace.

7. The Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Jerome are on Jesus’ right. On His left are St. Mary Magdalene 178 and St. John.

8. The angels are holding chalices to catch Jesus’ blood.

9. The Mass is an unbloody re-presentation of Jesus’ sacrifice on Calvary, and this painting depicts His death on the Cross and the Sacrament of the Eucharist. The angels and saints participate in the Mass, and they are present in this painting.

Unit 3, lesson 1 139 Notes ______

______

140 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS What Is a Sacrament?

UNIT 3, LESSON 2

Learning Goals Connection to the ӹӹ God is love. Catechism of the ӹӹ Jesus instituted seven Sacraments so we Catholic Church may share in His divine life of love. ӹӹ CCC 1127 ӹӹ A Sacrament is an efficacious sign of ӹӹ CCC 1128 grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted ӹӹ CCC 1131 to the Church, through which divine life is dispensed to us. Vocabulary ӹӹ Efficacious ӹӹ Grace ӹӹ Sacrament ӹӹ Sign

BIBLICAL TOUCHSTONES

So be perfect, just as your heavenly Father is Therefore if any one is in Christ, he is a new perfect. creation; the old has passed away, behold, the new has come. All this is from God, who through MATTHEW 5:48 Christ reconciled us to himself.

2 CORINTHIANS 5:17-18

141 Lesson Plan

Materials ӹӹ Holy Bible ӹӹ Celebrations and Sacraments ӹӹ Sophia SketchPad ӹӹ Sacraments Help Us Live Like Marriage Video, available at the Lord SophiaSketchpad.org ӹӹ “Just” a Ritual? Strips ӹӹ What Is a Sacrament?

DAY ONE Warm-Up A. Read aloud Jesus’ words in the Sermon on the Mount, beginning with Matthew 5:1 and concluding with Matthew 5:48: “So be perfect, just as your heavenly Father is perfect.” B. Challenge students: Jesus teaches us a lot of hard things in the Sermon on the Mount: be poor in spirit, be meek and merciful, turn the other cheek, love your enemy. These are hard. But this last teaching is totally impossible, right? How can it be possible that He calls us to be perfect? Isn’t that a totally unrealistic expectation, in light of Original Sin? C. Allow discussion to proceed, leading students to conclusion that Jesus’ teaching is totally unrealistic if we count on ourselves to do it. D. Wrap up with a mini-lecture: If we rely only on ourselves to be perfect, we will surely fail. But Jesus does not leave us on our own. God is always with us and will never abandon us. We should ask the Holy Spirit to guide us every day. To allow us to receive His grace in a special way, Jesus instituted and gave to the Church special signs, called Sacraments. When we receive them, we share in His life. If we cooperate with that grace, we can become more like Him. E. Write on the board the definition of a Sacrament from the Catechism of the Catholic Church: An efficacious sign of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is dispensed to us through the work of the Holy Spirit. F. Let students know that you will be studying what this means for the next several weeks. Be sure that students understand the meaning of grace: Grace is the free and undeserved gift of God’s life in us. G. Leave the definition of Sacrament on the board, as you will refer to it in the following days when making reference to the work of the Holy Spirit.

Activity A. Circle the words “divine life” in the definition of Sacrament and transition from this phrase to the next logical question: Jesus tells us that we should be like God, and the Sacraments help us become like God. So, who is God? How does He live? Students may say that God is Jesus, or

142 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

God is the Creator, and so forth. Lead students to recall that God is Trinity — one God in three Persons. Therefore, although they might not have thought of the Trinity in this way before, God is a communion of Persons: a perpetual bond of life-giving love. B. Briefly show 0:26-0:44 of the Sophia SketchPad Marriage video, found at SophiaSketchpad.org, which explains how the Blessed Trinity is an eternal exchange of life-giving love. Make your own original drawing on the board. C. Ask how this mystery of our Faith helps us understand who God is and how He lives. Accept reasoned answers, leading students to the conclusion that God is love — a communion of Persons in the Trinity. The Lord lives unselfishly, for the good of others. D. Leave this drawing on the board, as you will refer to it tomorrow when making reference to God sharing His divine life with us through the Sacraments.

Formative Assessment Have students draw their own representation of the Trinity as an unbreakable bond of life-giving love.

DAY TWO Warm-Up Review the key points from yesterday: we are all called to be perfect as our Heavenly Father is perfect; therefore, we should live like the Lord. How does God live? He is Love. He instituted seven Sacraments so we may share in His divine life of love.

Activity Have students read What Is a Sacrament? (page 186) and make an outline of the key points.

Formative Assessment As a large group, discuss the focus and reflection questions.

DAY THREE Warm-Up A. Review the key points from yesterday: God is love, and He has given us the seven Sacraments — Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the

Unit 3, lesson 2 143 LESSON PLAN

Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders — as special ways to receive His grace, become holier, and get to Heaven. God shares His grace with us freely; He does the work of the Sacraments, and they cannot be earned. B. Cut out the Event Strips on Teacher Resource: “Just” a Ritual? Strips (page 152 in this guide). Give one strip to each student. Make sure to give out only the Event Strips. (You will use the Description Strips later in the activity.) C. On a large piece of butcher paper, draw a Venn diagram. Label one side “Ritual” and the other side “Sacrament,” and post the chart where all students can see it. D. If needed, define ritual: a ceremony or series of actions always performed in the same way each time. E. Call on one student to read aloud his or her event strip and decide where it should go. Discuss as needed to clarify misunderstandings. Finally, have the student walk to the diagram and tape the strip in the correct section. Note: All Sacraments should go in the middle circle; all the other events should go on the non- overlapping part of the ritual circle.

F. Once all strips have been placed, it will be visually clear that all Sacraments are rituals, but not all rituals are Sacraments. G. Discuss the reasons for many of the events. Many are to mark a special achievement (such as graduation or a medal ceremony for a winning team). The Sacraments are completely unlike these. The Sacraments are about God’s life moving within us, and not about anything we do or “earn.” God gives us His grace freely, and not because we have done anything to deserve it. H. With those distinctions in mind, move now to the Description Strips. The following placements are correct: Ritual Only: Someone did something to earn a prize. We mark a special achievement. Sacrament Only: One of seven special signs Jesus instituted to share His divine life with us. Both/Middle Circle: This event marks a special day in someone’s life. People gather together at this event. People might be happy at this event. Music plays at this event. This event is made up of certain actions done in the same order. I. Pull the activity together in a mini-lecture: Across time and place, we have special ways of marking the important moments of our lives. Many of these are listed on the various strips placed on the diagram. Jesus elevated seven important

144 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS LESSON PLAN

passages to the level of Sacraments. Although Jesus is not with us in the exact same way He was with the Apostles, He is still with us. He is acting in the world and in our lives. He entrusted the Sacraments to the Church —the visible sign of His Kingdom on earth. When He tells us to be perfect, He knows we need to depend on Him to do it. J. Go back to the definition of Sacrament on the board and circle “Through the work of the Holy Spirit.” K. Point out the drawing of the Trinity from Day 1, and remind students that the Trinity is an unbreakable bond of life-giving love. The exchange of love between the Father and the Son is the Holy Spirit, and it is through the Holy Spirit that God makes us His children and shares His life with us in the Sacraments. L. Let students know that throughout this unit, you will explore all the Sacraments. As a backdrop to learning the history, form, matter, and effects of each Sacrament, you will always turn back to the questions: ӹӹ How does this Sacrament show God’s life-giving love? ӹӹ How does receiving this Sacrament help me become more like my Heavenly Father?

Activity and Assessment A. Ask students to write a summary paragraph on Celebrations and Sacraments (page 189) explaining the difference between ordinary rituals or celebrations and Sacraments and hand it in before class ends. Statements should reflect an understanding that Sacraments are special signs in which we receive God’s grace, and that we receive, rather than “earn” them. B. Have students complete Sacraments Help Us Live Like the Lord (page 190) as a pre- assessment for the rest of the unit.

Unit 3, lesson 2 145 146 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key 1. Love is more than what God does; it is who He is.

2. God is a communion of Persons, or an eternal exchange of love.

3. A special sign Jesus gave us to share in His divine life.

4. So He could be with us here on earth.

5. Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders.

6. They are efficacious signs of grace — a real encounter with God in which He shares His divine life with us.

Unit 3, lesson 2 147 Accept reasoned answers

148 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Answer Key Statements should reflect an understanding that Sacraments are much more than ordinary celebrations. They are encounters with God’s grace. They are special signs Christ instituted in which we receive God’s grace, and we receive rather than earn them.

Unit 3, lesson 2 149 Accept reasoned answers

150 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Accept reasoned answers

Unit 3, lesson 2 151 TEACHER RESOURCE “Just” a Ritual? Strips

Event Strips

A Christian man and woman get married.

A priest anoints a very sick person with holy oil.

A boy confesses his sins to a priest and receives absolution.

A girl receives Holy Communion.

A young man is ordained a priest.

A baby is baptized.

A girl is confirmed.

A judge sets an innocent prisoner free.

A boy receives his diploma at graduation.

An athlete receives an Olympic medal

152 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS A famous athlete lights the Olympic torch at the opening ceremony.

A great actor receives an Academy Award.

A great singer wins a Grammy Award.

A brave soldier receives a medal in a special ceremony.

A family eats Thanksgiving dinner together.

Description Strips

This event is made up of certain actions done in the same order.

Music plays at this event.

People gather together at this event.

This event is one of seven special signs Jesus instituted to share His divine life with us.

People are happy at this event.

Unit 3, lesson 2 153 This event marks a special day in someone’s life.

We mark a special achievement at this event.

Someone did something to earn a prize at this event.

154 © SOPHIA INSTITUTE FOR TEACHERS Grade 7 Student Workbook Sample Pages

Unit 3, Lessons 1 and 2 plus Scripture Copywork UNIT 3 The Sacraments

Sacrament is a sign of God’s grace way, is the source and summit of our Athat brings about the grace it Christian faith. In this Sacrament, the signifies. The Sacraments of the Church Lord Himself is really present to us, are at once visible and invisible. Jesus Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity. By established the seven Sacraments of the receiving the Eucharist, we participate Church during His earthly life: Baptism, in Christ’s saving sacrifice and Confirmation, Holy Eucharist, Penance evangelizing mission. and Reconciliation, Anointing of the The Sacraments of Healing are Penance Sick, Holy Orders, and Holy Matrimony. and Reconciliation and Anointing of These seven signs of grace each consist the Sick. By these Sacraments, we of two parts necessary for validity: are healed of sin and our relationship matter and form. The matter consists of to God and His Church is restored. water, bread, wine, oil, hands, speech, Anointing of the Sick, in a special or other material elements involved way, can heal the body of illness and in giving grace. The form consists suffering, or, if it is not God’s will, of words or actions that express the prepare the person for their final circumstances of that giving and journey in life, passing from this life celebrate them as a priestly community to the next. These Sacraments help to of ministers. unite our suffering with the redemptive The Sacraments can be arranged into suffering of Christ on the Cross. three categories: the Sacraments of The Sacraments at the Service of Initiation, the Sacraments of Healing, Communion are Holy Orders and Holy and the Sacraments at the Service Matrimony. Through these Sacraments, of Communion. The Sacraments of Jesus makes us his associates in special Initiation are Baptism, Confirmation, missions to give our lives for the and Holy Eucharist. Together, they salvation of others. In Holy Orders, make us full members of the Church, men are ordained to the priesthood pour out the Holy Spirit within our or deaconate to serve the Church and souls, and nourish us for Christian care for the People of God. In Holy life. They give to us a particular Matrimony, one man and one woman missionary task, to make disciples of are united in marriage to love and serve all the nations, and strengthen us for God, each other, and their children. this work. The Eucharist, in a special

166 Unit 3 Overview In this unit, you will learn about…

ӹӹ The nature of the Sacraments ӹӹ The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Baptism ӹӹ The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Confirmation ӹӹ The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Holy Eucharist ӹӹ The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation ӹӹ The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick ӹӹ The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Holy Matrimony ӹӹ The history, celebration, effects, and living of the Sacrament of Holy Orders

Are there any questions you still have about the topics you learned last month? What steps can you take to find out the answers? Write them on the lines below.

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What questions do you have right now about the topics you will be learning about in this unit? Write them on the lines below.

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Unit 3 Overview 167 Unit 3 Vocabulary

Anointing: Rubbing or marking with oil. Holy Conversion: Turning away from sin and oil is spread on our foreheads in Baptism and returning to God. It is the first step in the Confirmation, and again in the Sacrament of Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation. Anointing of the Sick. We recognize all that we have done to hurt our heavenly Father and are truly sorry for Baptism of Desire: A Catechumen, or a our actions to hurt our heavenly Father, are person who is preparing to be baptized, who truly sorry for our sins, and resolve not to sin dies before receiving Baptism is assured again. The examination of conscience can aid salvation through her desire for Baptism, us in recognizing our faults. repentance for sin, and charity. Divine Physician: A title for Jesus that Body of Christ: The People of God make up describes how He came to call sinners, not the Body of Christ. A body has many parts, the righteous. This is similar to the way a just like the People of God is made up of physician or doctor treats those who are sick, different people with different gifts and not those who are healthy. talents. Though we are all different, as the Body of Christ we are one body with Christ Efficacious: Effective, or possessing the as our head. Also refers to the consecrated ability to cause an effect. The Sacraments Communion host we receive in the Eucharist, cause the grace of God, of which they are also which is the true Body and Blood, Soul and signs. Divinity of Christ. Gifts of the Holy Spirit: Wisdom, knowledge, Catechumen: A person who is preparing to understanding, counsel, fortitude, piety, receive the Sacrament of Baptism and become and fear of the Lord. The anointing in members of the Catholic Church by receiving Confirmation is a sign of receiving these gifts. training in Christian teaching and practice. Grace: The free and undeserved gift of God’s Commemorate: To celebrate the memory of life within us. The Sacraments are efficacious something. The Sacraments commemorate signs of God’s grace. Christ’s Passion.

168 Unit 3 Overview In Persona Christi Capitis: In the Person of Lamb of God: A title given to Jesus that Christ the Head. When an ordained priest describes His sacrifice to free us from sin. performs his priestly function—for example, Just like the sacrifice of the Passover lamb when consecrating the Eucharist—he is no freed the Israelites from slavery, Jesus’s longer working as himself, but rather, “in the sacrifice frees us from death and sin in a new person of Christ the Head.” When we say “the Passover. Head,” we mean the Head of the Church. It is not the priest who transforms the bread and Ministerial Priesthood: The ordained wine into the Body and Blood of Christ, but priesthood who share in the priesthood of rather, Jesus Himself, working in and through Christ by acting in persona Christi capitas, the priest. that is, in the person of Christ, the head. These men do not preach, sanctify, and Indelible Mark: A permanent, un-removable govern by the own authority, but rather, by spiritual seal or mark placed on our souls the authority given them by Christ, the head by God in the Sacraments of Baptism and of the Church, to act in His person. Confirmation, and upon those who receive the Sacrament of Holy Orders, that set us Mortal sin: Serious sin that we choose to apart as belonging to God. The baptismal commit even though we know it is wrong. seal allows us to participate in the Mass, Mortal sin separates us from God and and use the Gifts of the Holy Spirit to live completely rejects His love for us. lives of holiness. The seal of Confirmation Original Sin: The first sin of Adam and Eve strengthens us to be witnesses of the Gospel that brought pain, suffering, and death into in the battle between good and evil waged all the world. Because we are all descendants of around us. Adam and Eve we are all born with Original Sin in our souls. We need to be baptized to Indissoluble: Incapable of being undone or broken; permanent. Because it is a total gift of remove the stain of Original Sin. The effects self, the bond of marriage is unbreakable and of Original Sin remain, however. For example, permanent. we tend to sin, we suffer, and die.

The central event of the Exodus. Inheritance: Gifts a person receives from Passover: someone in the family who has died, or traits The final plague God sent upon Egypt was received from one’s parents. By our Baptism, the plague of the death of the first born of we have an inheritance with Christ, which every family in Egypt. By sacrificing a lamb, means that as adopted children of God, we spreading its blood on their doorposts, and receive gifts from Him and that we will be like eating its roasted flesh in a sacred meal of Him. bread and wine, the Israelite homes would be passed over by the plague of death. God also commanded that the Israelites remember this original Passover event every year with a memorial meal. The original Passover foreshadows Christ’s own sacrifice on the Cross.

Unit 3 Overview 169 Primordial: Existing from the very beginning. Sacrament: A sign of God’s grace that gives Marriage is called the “primordial sacrament” the grace that it signifies. Jesus founded because, though it was not a Sacrament until seven Sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, the age of the Church, marriage between one Holy Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, man and one woman has existed from the Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Holy very beginning of human existence. Matrimony.

Redemptive: Acting to save or free someone. Venial sin: Less serious sin that hurts our Christ’s Suffering and Death on the Cross relationship with God, but does not destroy it. saved us from sin and freed us from death. Witness: Someone who sees something happen and tells others about what he saw. We are called to be witnesses of Christ to the world.

170 Unit 3 Overview Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (EXTERIOR)

Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker

Unit 3, Lesson 1 171 Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (INTERIOR)

Photo courtesy Kent G. Becker

172 Unit 3, Lesson 1 Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (STAINED GLASS)

Stained glass window detail. Photo by Paul Williams.

Unit 3, Lesson 1 173 Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage (PLAN VIEW)

2 1. Narthex 2. Nave 3 3. Transept 4. Apse (Sanctuary and altar)

174 Unit 3, Lesson 1 Chartres Cathedral Photo Collage

Directions: Take some time to quietly view and reflect on the photographs. Then discuss the questions below with your classmates.

Conversation Questions 1. These are photographs of the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Chartres. This cathedral was built in 1193 and is an example of Gothic architecture. What does Notre Dame de Chartres mean?

2. Find Chartres, France, on a map or globe.

Exterior 3. How would you describe the exterior (outside) of the cathedral? Why do you think cathedrals are built facing east?

4. Does Chartres cathedral look similar to or different from the church where you attend Mass? How would celebrating Mass in a place like this be different from Mass at your parish?

5. The photo in the lower left corner of the exterior page is a detail of the sculpture over one of the entrances to the cathedral known as the Royal Portal. Who is the central figure? Why do you think these entrances are called portals?

Interior 6. At each Holy Mass, Heaven and earth meet. What are some ways the interior of this cathedral communicates this reality?

7. Why do we light candles in churches? What do the candles signify?

Stained 8. Chartres Cathedral is famous for its 12th- to 14th-century stained glass. This glass detail is from one of the windows. What event from Jesus’ life does it show?

9. All the natural light that enters Chartres Cathedral is filtered through stained glass. What effect do you think that has on the experience of being inside the cathedral?

Plan View 10. Find the different spaces of the cathedral: the narthex, the nave, the transept, and the sanctuary. The narthex was reserved for catechumens — those who had not been fully initiated into the Church. Why do you think the narthex is located where it is in relation to the nave and the altar?

11. How does the architecture of the building communicate where the most sacred space can be found?

Unit 3, Lesson 1 175 The Sacraments Make the Invisible Visible

Directions: Answer the questions below.

1. A Sacrament is an outward and visible sign of an inward and invisible grace. Put this quotation in your own words:

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3. The Seven Sacraments are Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance and Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick, Marriage, and Holy Orders. The Catechism teaches that the Church herself is also a Sacrament. Why do you think that is?

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176 Unit 3, Lesson 1 Mond Crucifixion BY RAPHAEL (1502)

National Gallery, London.

Unit 3, Lesson 1 177 Mond Crucifixion

Mond Crucifixion, by Raphael

Directions: Take some time to quietly view and reflect on the art. Let yourself be inspired in any way that happens naturally. Then think about the questions below, and discuss them with your classmates.

Discussion Questions 1. How would you describe this scene as Raphael has painted it? What adjectives would you use?

2. What feelings does this painting seem intended to inspire?

3. Who or what are the liveliest figures in the painting? Where are they?

4. What do you think the sun and the moon represent?

5. Is this painting like other depictions of the Crucifixion you have seen? How is it similar? How is it different?

6. Does Jesus appear to be suffering, or does He appear to be at peace?

7. Who are the people with Jesus?

8. There are angels on either side of Jesus. What are they doing?

9. This painting by Renaissance artist Raphael was part of an altarpiece. Why is a painting like this appropriate for an altar?

178 Unit 3, Lesson 1 Matthew 19:6 So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore, what God has joined together, no human being must separate.

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Unit 3 Copywork 179 Matthew 26:26 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, said the blessing, broke it, and giving it to his disciples said, “Take and eat; this is my body.”

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180 Unit 3 Copywork Matthew 28:19-20 “Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you.”

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Unit 3 Copywork 181 John 20:23 Whose sins you forgive are forgiven them, and whose sins you retain are retained.

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182 Unit 3 Copywork Acts 13:2-3 While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the holy Spirit said, “Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.” Then, completing their fasting and prayer, they laid hands on them and sent them off.

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Unit 3 Copywork 183 Acts 19:6 And when Paul laid [his] hands on them, the holy Spirit came upon them, and they spoke in tongues and prophesied.

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184 Unit 3 Copywork James 5:14-15 Is anyone among you sick? He should summon the presbyters of the church, and they should pray over him and anoint [him] with oil in the name of the Lord, and the prayer of faith will save the sick person, and the Lord will raise him up. If he has committed any sins, he will be forgiven.

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Unit 3 Copywork 185 What Is a Sacrament?

Directions: Read the essay below, and on your own paper, make an outline of the key points. Then answer the questions that follow.

ou may have heard the expression “God is necessary for us to get to Heaven and to Yis love.” Examine that sentence carefully, become holier. We cannot do either of those and you will see that love is not something things by ourselves. Therefore, it is necessary that God does; love is what God is. He is the for us to receive the Sacraments in order to Blessed Trinity: one God in three Persons. receive God’s grace. This means that God is a communion of The water of Baptism makes us sons Persons — an unbreakable bond of live-giving and daughters of God. The Holy Spirit is love. strengthened within us in Confirmation. Jesus is God the Son, and His whole mission We receive the Body and Blood of Jesus is one of love. When you love someone, you Christ under the appearance of bread and want what is good for him or her. The best wine in the Eucharist. Our sins against God thing for everyone is to live a holy life and and His Church are forgiven in Penance to get to Heaven. Jesus lived, died, and was and Reconciliation. The sick are blessed in resurrected to open Heaven to us so we could Anointing of the Sick. A man and woman be with God there. become united in love and open themselves to the gift of life in Matrimony. Called men When Jesus was on earth, He spent time with are ordained priests, servants of God’s love, in many people. He showed them love in many Holy Orders. ways, sometimes just by talking with them. He also shared meals with them, touched them, These are the Sacraments of the Church. and healed them. Even in this short explanation, it is easy to see how the grace of God is revealed in these Jesus is not here on Earth with us in the same signs and symbols. way he was in the time of the Apostles, but He is still here. He is with you, and will never abandon you. And He has given you seven very The Sacraments Do What special ways you can share in His life of love. They Say They Do These are called the Sacraments. But the Sacraments are much more than signs and symbols. The Sacraments do what What Are the Seven Sacraments? they say they do. For example, Baptism isn’t Jesus Christ instituted seven Sacraments. He just a “symbolic” cleansing of sin; it is an entrusted them to the Church to administer actual cleansing of the stain of Original Sin them to His people throughout the ages that makes you a child of God and leaves an after He ascended into Heaven. God’s grace indelible mark on your soul. We encounter

186 Unit 3, Lesson 2 Jesus in a real and special way in all the Jesus shares meals with you, touches you, Sacraments. This effectiveness is what we heals you, and shares His divine life with you mean we say the Sacraments are “efficacious in the Sacraments. The Catechism explains, signs of grace.” That grace is a sign of God’s “As fire transforms into itself everything it love, which He gives you freely, and not touches, so the Holy Spirit transforms into because you’ve done anything to earn or the divine life whatever is subjected to his deserve it. power” (CCC 1127). The grace you receive in the Sacraments transforms you and, with your Remember, love is not just something that God cooperation, helps you be like your Heavenly does; it is what He is. Through the work of the Father and be with Him in Heaven. Holy Spirit and His ministers in the Church,

1. What does it mean to say God is love?

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2. What does the Blessed Trinity teach us about who God is?

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3. What is a Sacrament?

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4. Why did Jesus institute the Sacraments?

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5. What are the Seven Sacraments?

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6. How are the Sacraments different from other signs and symbols?

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Unit 3, Lesson 2 187 7. The Catechism explains, “Celebrated worthily in faith, the sacraments confer the grace that they signify. They are efficacious because in them Christ himself is at work: it is he who baptizes, he who acts in his sacraments in order to communicate the grace that each sacrament signifies.” (1127) How would you put this statement into your own words?

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Reflection Question Our culture places a high priority on rewarding hard work. Working hard in school help you achieve good grades. Working hard at soccer practice helps you play better. Working hard at a job might earn you a higher salary. Can you “earn” or “achieve” any of the Sacraments? Why or why not?

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188 Unit 3, Lesson 2 Celebrations and Sacraments

Directions: Write a summary paragraph explaining the difference between ordinary rituals or celebrations and Sacraments.

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Great God by Leonardo Alenza

Unit 3, Lesson 2 189 Sacraments Help Us Live Like the Lord

Directions: Fill in the chart with information you already know about the Sacraments. It’s okay if you have to leave some sections blank.

How does receiving How does this this Sacrament help Questions I still Sacrament show God’s me become more like have about this Sacrament self-giving love? my Heavenly Father? Sacrament

Baptism

Confirmation

Eucharist

190 Unit 3, Lesson 2 How does receiving How does this this Sacrament help Questions I still Sacrament show God’s me become more like have about this Sacrament self-giving love? my Heavenly Father? Sacrament

Penance and Reconciliation

Anointing of the Sick

Marriage

Holy Orders

Unit 3, Lesson 2 191