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Diptera) Morphology, Taxonomy, Identification and Distribution ISSN 0044-5088 Zoologica Original Contributions to Zoology, founded in 1888 Ed. H.F. Paulus, Vienna Volume 162 " N" Manual of Central European Muscidae (Diptera) Morphology, taxonomy, identification and distribution sample pages E Schweizerbart Science Publishers eschweizerbart_xxx Zoologica Original Contributions to Zoology Founded 1888 by R. Leuckart, C. Chun, continued by W. Kükenthal, R. Hesse, W.E. Ankel Edited by Hannes F. Paulus Volume 162 František Gregor, Rudolf Rozkošný, Miroslav Barták and Jaromír Vaňhara Manual of Central European Muscidae (Diptera) Morphology, taxonomy, identification, and distribution with 54 plates sample pages Schweizerbart Science Publishers Stuttgart • 2016 eschweizerbart_xxx František Gregor, Rudolf Rozkošný, Miroslav Barták and Jaromír Vaňhara: Manual of Central European Muscidae (Diptera): Morphology, taxonomy, identification, and distribution Authors’ addresses: František Gregor, 638 00 Brno, Loosova 14, Czech Republic Rudolf Rozkošný and Jaromír Vaňhara, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology 611 37 Brno, Kotlářská 2, Czech Republic, [email protected] , [email protected] Miroslav Barták, Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Zoology and Fisheries, 165 21 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic, [email protected] We would be pleased to receive your comments on the content of this book: [email protected] Front cover: Hydrotaea ignava, female, orig. F. Gregor Reviewed by: Dr. A.C. Pont, Oxford University, Great Britain ISBN 978-3-510-55049-4 ISSN 0044-5088 Information on this title: www.schweizerbart.com/9783510550494 © 2016 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nägele u. Obermiller), Stuttgart, Germany All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung,sample Stuttgart pages Publisher: E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nägele u. Obermiller) Johannesstraße 3A, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany [email protected] www.schweizerbart.de ∞ Printed on permanent paper conforming to ISO 9706-1994 Typesetting: Satzpunkt Ursula Ewert GmbH, Bayreuth Printed in Germany by Tutte Druckerei GmbH, Salzweg bei Passau eschweizerbart_xxx Zoologica Vol. 162, 1–219 Stuttgart, August 2016 Manual of Central European Muscidae (Diptera) Morphology, taxonomy, identification, and distribution by František Gregor, Rudolf Rozkošný, Miroslav Barták & Jaromír Vaňhara with 54 plates Abstract This Manual of Central European Muscidae summarizes all important data on the morphology, taxonomy and distribution of the regional species from the period 1965–2014 (i.e. since publication of the celebrated monograph on the Palaearctic species of this family by Hennig in 1955–1964). The introductory part includes the characteristics of the family and a review of basic systematic studies. Taxonomic and faunistic data from Central Europe (Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Switzer- land, Austria and Hungary) are reviewed up to the present. Additional chapters deal with current knowledge of the morphology, development, biology and classification. The identification keys enable the families of the Calyptrata and the various categories of Central European Muscidae (subfamilies, genera and species) to be identified. In the review of species, all 406 regional species are discussed, with information on their distinguishing characters, their known geographical distribution, and the adult flight period. The morphological terms used in the keys and the species characteristics are illustrated by 933 figures on 54 plates. Special atten- tion is given to figures of the male and female terminalia as the most important criteria of species-specificity. Distribution data on the Central European species are given in an extensive table which includes their distribution country by country, their biogeo- graphical classification, and their geographical distribution outside Europe. Key words: Calyptrata, Muscidae, systematics, morphology, identification keys, distribution, Central Europe Contents Introduction . 2 Subfamily Phaoniinae . 84 Morphology of adults . 3 Subfamily Mydaeinae . 110 Development and biology . sample. 5 Subfamily pages Coenosiinae . 116 Classifi cation . 6 Plates . 145 Survey of the Central European genera . 8 Distribution of Central European Muscidae . 199 Identifi cation keys . 9 Acknowledgements . 208 Key to families of Calyptrata . 9 References . 208 Key to subfamilies and tribes . 10 Index . 214 Key to genera . 11 Keys to species . 14 Review of species . 62 Subfamily Azeliinae . 62 Subfamily Muscinae . 77 © 2016 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany www.schweizerbart.de 0044-5088/16-0162 $ 99.90 eschweizerbart_xxx 2 František Gregor, Rudolf Rozkošný, Miroslav Barták & Jaromír Vaňhara Introduction and are very characteristic hemisynanthropic or even eusynanthropic forms. Some species are blood-suck- The Muscidae are small to middle sized flies be- ing and, like several secretophagous species, may tween 2.0–12.0 mm, rarely reaching a length of transfer various pathogens. 18.0 mm (e.g. Mesembrina mystacea). They are pre- A basic modern revision of the Central Europe- dominantly dark, sometimes with an inconspicuous an species was published by Hennig (1955–1964) pattern on the thorax or abdomen, some species be- within his revision of the Muscidae prepared for ing yellow to a varying extent and members of some the famous E. Lindner’s “Die Fliegen der palaeark- genera resembling calliphorids with their metallic tischen Region”. A key to the British species (d’Assis- sheen. The configuration of setae on the head, tho- Fonseca 1968) includes numerous valuable dia- rax, abdomen and legs contains the most important gnostic characters though many Central European diagnostic characters. The Muscidae, like all the species are not there. Additions to the systematics of higher flies from the Calyptrata family group, bear a regional species were subsequently presented by muscoid type of antenna provided with a longitudi- Ackland & Pont (1966), Lavchiev (1968, 1970, nal cleft on the pedicel. The antennal arista is always 1971, 2003), Mihályi (1974a, b, 1975a, b), Pont well developed, bare, pubescent or plumose. Three (1976, 1980, 2000, 2001a, b), Michelsen (1977, pairs of orbital setae with the first pair proclinate un- 1978), Lukasheva (1986), Zinovjev (1987), doubtedly belong to the groundplan characters Gregor (1988, 1991), Peris (1990), Ceianu though they may be reduced especially in males. The (1999) and Gregor & Rozkošný (2007b, 2009a), proboscis is usually rather short, with large labella, as well as authors who revised some of the classical but is rigid, slender and elongate in several blood- collections (see Classification). sucking forms. The meron is bare or at most finely For the purpose of this review, Central Europe is haired, only Eginia ocypterata with a group of setae. considered to include Germany, Poland, Czech Re- Vein M1 may be slightly or conspicuously upcurved public, Slovakia, Switzerland, Austria and Hungary. in distal part, so that cell r4+5 may be more or less The annotated catalogue of the Palaearctic species narrowed apically in some groups. The anal vein (A1) (Pont 1986a) also stimulated the compilation of na- is usually well developed (abbreviated in Azelia) but tional lists for Germany (Teschner 1999), Poland it never reaches the wing margin. The true dorsal (Draber-Mońko 1991), Czech Republic and Slova- setae on the hind tibia are mostly absent; on the oth- kia (Gregor 1997b), Switzerland (Pont & Merz er hand, a long posterodorsal seta (the “calcar”) may 1998) and Hungary (Papp 2001a, b). The data for be developed in the distal half. The male genitalia Austria are chiefly based on Pont’s Catalogue (1986a) may display useful diagnostic characters, but they are and completed by lists published by Ringdahl rather uniform in many species groups or even gen- (1957), Franz (1989), Pont (1995) and Pont & era. The male cerci usually form a simple cercal plate Ackland (1995). (mesolobus). The female post-abdominal segments Gregor et al. (2002) summarized the faunistic are modified into a short or longer telescopic ovi- data from Central European countries up to that positor. sampletime. pages In the last 12 years taxonomic and faunistic The larvae are muscoid, spindle-shaped or elon- data from Central European countries have been ex- gate cylindrical, rarely provided with pairs of pro- tended as follows: Three additions to the “Muscidae legs. The cephalopharyngeal apparatus is adapted to of Central Europe” were published by Rozkošný et the different modes of life, characterized chiefly by al. (2004), Gregor & Rozkošný (2007b, 2009a) in the presence of accessory sclerites in the area of the which the female of Helina balsaci and three new mandibular hooks. The larvae are chiefly predaceous, species (Spilogona angustigena, S. tatrica and Coeno- only those of the tribes Muscini and Stomoxyini be- sia bohemica) were described in addition to numer- ing mostly coprophagous. ous new faunistic records (Germany 13 spp., Poland The majority of adult Muscidae belong to the 13 spp., Czech Republic 27 spp., Slovakia 20 spp., typical inhabitants of broad-leafed and coniferous Switzerland 29 spp., Austria 16 spp., Hungary 1 sp.), forest zones and thus
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