(Elgeyo) Marakwet
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MJLri is-fcry of Agricultun &&L -ti-onal Acjr ici-aX tiara X Laboratories FertXX i zer Use :R.eooimmencä.at ion Project (Phase X) FJL:raaX Report A.nne:>c XXI De scr ipt ion of the First Priority Sites iin the Va.riou.s Districts Volume 13 Keiyo Marakwet District District No.: 13 ISRJC LIBRARY ^ 8>«grk Wageningen, The Netherlands Nairobi, June 1987 13% Scanned from original by ISRIC - World Soil Information, as ICSU World Data Centre for Soils. The purpose is to make a safe depository for endangered documents and to make the accrued information available for consultation, following Fair Use • Guidelines. Every effort is taken to respect Copyright of the , materials within the archives where the identification of the Copyright holder is clear and, where feasible, to contact the originators. For questions please contact snilisricOwur.nj indicating the item reference number concerned. Fexriz-d.1 i zeir TJse Recommendation Project (Phase X) Project Team Team of Consultants1) Professional Staff from NAL2) Project Coordination H. Strobel (ed.) G.Hinga Project Coordinator Director NAL S.W.Nandwa Counterpart Coordinator Agro-Climatoloqists R. Jätzold J.W. Onyango R. Rötter Soil Scientists / Surveyors R.F. van de Weg F.N. Muchena E.M.A. Smaling C.K.K. Gachene Ü.M. Kibe Soil Chemists P. Pietrowicz J.N. Qureshi P.O.S. Oduor Agronomists A.Y. Allan J.O. Owuor Data Processing H. Mayr R.L. Milikau R. Dölger D.K. Wamae A. Muliro Land Surveyors R. Rötter B. Mwangi S. Wataka Animal Production W. Bayer 1)^ German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) (German Agricultural Team (GAT)) 2) National Agricultural Laboratories Feart d_ 1 ô_ zeir Use Recommendation Project C E>na.:se X ) Contents of tne Fj-na.1 Report Ma.±n Report:Methodology and Inventory of Existing Information frnnex X : Compilation of results from Former Fertilizer Trials In Kenya (2 Volumes) ^.r\x\Gt>c X X . 1 : Inventory of Farming Systems Research in Kenya &>.T\T\&>C X X - 2 : Influence of Fertilizer Application on Ruminant Production Annex XX . 3 : Maintaining Soil Fertility with Little or No Use of Fertilizers Annex XXX : Detailed Description of the First Priority Sites in the Various Districts : 1. Kisii 17. Narok 2. South Nyanza 18. Samburu 3. Kisumu 19. Nyandarua 4. Siaya 20. Kiambu 5. Busia 21. Muranga 6. Bungoma 22. Nyeri 7. Kakamega 23. Kirinyaga 8. Nandi 24. Embu •• 9. Kericho 25. Meru .10. Trans Nzoia 26. Machakos 11. Uasin Gishu 27. Kitui 12. West Pokot 28. Lamu 13. Keyo Marakwet 29. Kilifi 14. Baringo 30. Taita Taveta 15. Laikipia 31. Kwale 16. Nakuru 32. Nairobi Annex XV : Description of Computer Programmes Established in Phase I District: Keiyo Marakwet General Aspects 13.0 Annex III. Volume 13 Page Chapter 13 - O s 0.1 General Aspects 0.27 Legend of the Soil Map of Keiyo Marakwet District Cna-ip-teir 1 3 - I z Description of the Tot Trial Site 1.1 Cliapter- 13 - 2 = Description of the Bugar Trial Site 2.1 Please note the following numbering mode of Tables and Maps: First Number : District Number Second Number: Trial Site Number Third Number : Number of Table or Map within Chapter. - 0.1 - District: Keiyo Marakwet General Aspects 13.O Contents of Chapter 13.0: General Aspects Page 1. Climate and Soils of the District 0.3 2. Location of the Trial Sites and Criteria for their Final Position 0.10 3. Names and Addresses of Government Officers Involved in FURP Activities 0.15 4. Trial Design and Execution Plan i 0.16 ! 5. Areas in Keiyo Marakwet District Represented by FURP Trial Sites 0.17 List of Tables Table 13.0.1 Climate in the Agro-Ecological Zones of Keiyo Marakwet District 0.6 Table 13.0.2 Agro-Ecological Zone and Soil Classification of the Trial Sites 0.10 Table 13.0.3 Ratings of Criteria Used for Trial Site Selection 0.11 Table 13.0.4 Names and Addresses of Government Officers in the District 0.15 Table 13.0.5 Major Soil Properties and Climatic Conditions of the Agro-Ecological Units in Keiyo Marakwet District 0.23 Ligt of Haps Map 13.0.1 66% Reliability of Rainfall in First Rains 0.4 Map 13.0.2 66% Reliability of Rainfall in Second Rains 0.5 Map 13.0.3 Agro-Ecological Zones and Trial Sites in the District 0.7 Map 13.0.4 Soils and Trial Sites in Keiyo Marakwet District 0.13 Map 13.0.5 Groupings of Soil Mapping Units Represented by Trial Sites in Keiyo Marakwet District 0.21 Map 13.0.6 Agro-Ecological Units in Keiyo Marakwet District 0.25 Legend of the Soil Map of Keiyo Marakwet District 0.27 - 0.2 - District: Keiyo Marakwet General Aspects 13.0 1. Climate and Soils of the District The Keiyo (formerly Elgeyo) Marakwet District is dominated by the steep Elgeyo Escarpment which rises to over 2700 m, and the Kerio Valley, a part of the Great Rift Valley at about 1200 m. The contrasts between the agricultural potential of the higher and the lower areas are, therefore, tremendous. The Cherangani Hills are the highest part. This is an area of undulating plateau about 2800 m high, with some higher ridges up to 3365 m and is mainly on the upper limit of the arable Upper Highland Zones with transitions to the open mountain grasslands of the Tropical Alpine Zones. Thus the Agro-Ecological Zonation is not very distinct. Many areas are transitional, ranging from UH to TA, as shown on Map 13.0.3. Large parts of the Cherangani Hills are Forest Reserve; the forests include open spaces of tropical alpine and other grassland vegetation, and outside the reserves grassland is dominant. The potential given for UH 1 in the Farm Management Handbook, Vol. II/B, refers mainly to the lower and wetter plateaus in the southern parts of the District. On the Cherangani Hills, the micro-climate must be considered well before new crops are grown, since night frosts are frequent. Some areas in the rain shadow also seem to be too dry for most high altitude crops such as potatoes, pyrethrum, cabbages and carrots. The long but narrow zones near the edge of the escarpment have the best natural potential in the District. Maize is thriving except in some higher parts in the south. The zone suitable for tea cultivation is unfortunately very small because many areas with sufficient rainfall are too high. The same applies to coffee, for the rainfall at suitable altitudes is unreliable and most decades of the agro-humid period have only a weak performance (water supply between 40% and 80% of the potential evaporation). The climatically defined Maize-Sunflower Zone (UM 4) and the Marginal Cotton Zone (LM 4) are mainly on the middle and lower slopes of the escarpment, and only a few places are really suitable for these crops. Too many steep slopes have already been cleared and cultivated (mainly with maize), causing tremendous soil erosion. Soil conservation is the most urgent problem in this easily unbalanced ecological environment. On the footslopes of the escarpment it is possible to grow some cotton and maize. Coast composite maize was found to do much better here than Katumani Composite B. mainly due to the relatively high temperatures. In Zone LM 5, additional irrigation is essential, since the rainfall is not only low but also unfavourably distributed, as shown in Figure 13.1.5. The first rains create only a very short agro-humid period. Unfortunately, there is a break in May/June during which time crops like maize Pwani, planted in March, have their peak water requirements. The second peak in July/August could probably be better utilised if water from April was conserved and planting started in May. The October/November rains are normally too short and weak to support another cropping season. \ - 0.3 - KEIYO (ELGEYO) MARAKWET 1" N 66% RELIABILITY OF RAINFALL IN AGROHUMID PERIOD OF FIRST AND MIDDLE RAINS (March - end of Sept.or less) o- Amounts in mm, surpassed norm, in 20 out of 30 years Broken boundaries are uncertain because ol lack of rainlall records o 25 km sa Nil! Agi Ltlbs üoimun Agi Team. H JflettotrJ - 0.4 - 35WE KEIYO (ELGEYO) 100 MARAKWET more than 600 Map 13.0.2 66% RELIABILITY OF RAINFALL IN AGROHUMID PERIOD OF MIDDLE AND SECOND RAINS — (end of June -Jan. or less) Amounts in mm, surpassed norm, in 20 out of 30 years Broken boundaries are uncertain because ol lack ol rainlnll records t^T^TÎfTFEn Nal Agr. Labs.. German Agr. Team. R Jaeliotd - 0.5 - Table 13.0.1 : Climate in the Agro-Ecological Zones of Keyo District Agro-Ecological Subzone Altitude Annual mean Annual av. 66 % reliability 66 % reliability Zone in m temperature rainfall of rainfall'' of growing period in°C in mm 1st rains 2nd rains 1st rains2' 2nd rains Total3' in mm in mm in days in days in days TA 1 u. TA 11 Tropical Alpine Rough natural grazing, unimportant Zones TA1-1I-UH2-3 Cattle and Sheep transitional 2 800-3 150 12.4- 9.7 1 050-1 250 350-400 500-610 110 or more 190-200 300-310 Zone UH 1 vl i or two 1 200-1700 400-630 550-700 110 or more 200-220 310-330 Sheep and Dairy 2 370-3 100 14.8-10.1 Zone (vi) i or two 1 200-1400 420-480 560-650 110 or more 170-210 280-320 UH1-2 (vl)iortwo 2 350-3 000 15.0-11.2 1 200-1 350 400-450 >600 110 or more 170-210 280-320 UH 2 Pyrethrum- (vl) i or two 2 350-2 880 15.0-11.9 1 150-1 250 { 360-420 550-600 110 or more 170-200 280-310 Wheat Zone LH 1 ^ „ .