Oil Mill Gazetteer OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL AND TRI-STATES OIL MILL SUPERINTENDENTS’ ASSOCIATIONS

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ApriL 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 3

Oil Mill Gazetteer Sign of a Complete Line Volume 57 April, 1953 Number 10 OIL MILL

Published monthly by the Oil Mill Gazetteer Wharton, Texas SUPPLIES

Official Organ of the National Oil Mill Superintendents Association and the Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents- Association Riechman- Crosby Co.

S-A SWIVELOADER

Loads and trims box cars, or throws to storage bins and piles. Easily operated by one man. OFFICERS AND EDITORIAL STAFF K E W ANEE Hydraulic H. E. W ilson, W harton, Texas Editor Both are engineered Truck Dumpers Jane Inez G ordon, 19 South Tucker, A pt. 15, for easy operation Memphis, Tenn...... Associate Editor and dependable performance. Overhead Burns H. Hamlett, West Coast Representative, 2301 East 52nd St., Los Angeles 58, Calif. Truck Lifts Floyd Carpenter, Southwest Reporter, P. O. Box 742, Waxahachie, Texas We specialize in

Entered as second-class matter at the postoffice at Elevating and Wharton, Texas, under Act of Congress of March, 1879 Conveying Equipment The Oil Mill Gazetteer does not necessarily endorse all the opinions expressed in contributions appearing 'Screw Conveyors herein. As the o ffic ia l organ o f the N ational Oil Mill Speed Reduction Units Superintendents Association and Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents Association, this journal carries of­ •Conveyor Pulleys ficial communications and articles concerning the Rubber Covered activities of the association, but in all other respects the associations are not responsible for what appears Conveyor Belts in these pages, including opinions to which expres­ sion is given. •Conveyor Chains •Motors

Subscription, $2.00 a year in advance. All Foreign Subscriptions $4.00 per year. Come In—-Wire or Call for Prompt Service Advertising rates furnished upon application.

Executive and Editorial offices: Wharton, Texas P. O. B ox 1180 Riechman-Crosby Co. Published in the interest of Cottonseed Oil Mills and 223 S. Front Street Memphis, Tenn. all other Vegetable Oil Processors. Phone 5-2461 (L. D. 355)

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PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS Oil Mill Gazetteer OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NATIONAL OIL MILL SUPERINTENDENTS' ASSOCIATION and TRI-STATES OIL MILL SUPERINTENDENTS’ ASSOCIATION

W est Coast Superintendents Section

By BURNS H. HAMLETT

harmonious. Picture bulbs flashing. Sitting around, REMEMBER THE DATES dancing, talking and a good time was had by all. Finally leaving to go to other places, some to their 7th WEST COAST DIVISIONAL MEETING rooms to rest, others to see the sights. Tiny’s for Place — PHOENIX, ARIZONA waffles, with music, singing and laughter. So to bed. Dates — MARCH 19-20-21, 1954 Comes the dawn. Dash downstairs for breakfast. Up Hotel Headquarters — To Be Announced to the registration desk. Opening of the meeting. Ladies all getting door prizes — radios, toasters, steam irons, hair dryers, clocks, deep fat cookers, TRIP TO SAN FRANCISCO and costume jewelry from Mexico. Ladies all leaving for their bus tour. Meeting progresses, very nice and Up with the birds to finish packing, loading up informative. Meeting over, and downstairs for lunch. the car and making last minute preparations for the trip. Picking up additional people that were also Ladies taking bus tour of San Francisco, over the going along and finally arriving at the Union Station Golden Gate bridge, over into Marin County, back to be greeted by the Meeting Chairman. Check the over the bridge through San Francisco and over the baggage all into one pile, which was ably handled Bay bridge to the University of California. Around and trucked away and stored on the train, with no the beautiful campus and over to the Hotel Clare­ bother. Meeting all the other friends that were going mont. Time out for a little refreshment, back into the to make the trip. Last minute cups of coffee. Mrs. busses and return to the hotel, in time for the Ruby Crossno, losing her pocketbook in the station. Ladies’ Luncheon and Auxiliary meeting. Wonderful All aboard. Being greeted by the train agent. Ticket lunch, with nothing left on the plates. Business taker looking for Papa for all the tickets in his meeting conducted, two new officers appointed. Pic­ group. Finally on our way, with beautiful sunshine. tures taken. Meeting over, and window shopping and Viewing all the wonderful scenery en route. Canasta shopping in and around Chinatown and the city. cards and tables all going. Music by our Dorothy Beautiful weather and ideal for walking around the Murray and Jack Brooks, who serenaded us from city, seeing the sights and riding the cable cars. time to time. Time out for more breakfast and lunch. Men taking a bus tour to Cargill, Inc., to see the The hecklers doing a wonderful job of watching the solvent extraction plant. Taking it all in and marvel­ card players. A few sleepy heads trying to catch ing at the wonderful system and the cleanliness of 40 winks. The happy talk and laughter, viewing the the plant. Fast tour of the city, passing by J. D. ocean from the train. Finally San Francisco. Nothing Christian Engineers, and Enterprise Engine and to worry about. Baggage all taken care of. Bus meets Machinery Co., back to the hotel for cocktails, put on us at station. Raining, well it never rains in Cali­ by those two companies, with Robert Christian and fornia, but in San Francisco that is a different story. W. F. Swall acting as hosts. Wonderful time, as well Arriving at the hotel to find many friends one had as a lot of business conducted. to give the group a royal welcome. Almost a brass Catching up with the ladies and going from room band. What a happy time, everyone seemed to know to room, the group growing larger with each stop. everyone, and if you didn’t you spoke anyway. The Albert’s hat flying and being worn all over the place. confusion of the registering in. All straightened out, Visiting all the rooms that time allowed, singing and and the room exchanged and all came out all O.K. funning all over the halls. Made dashes to change Quick change to different clothes and down stairs clothes and get ready for the banquet and dance. for dinner. Fast dinner and up to the French room Orchids being handed out by Lee Meeks and the for the get-together party. Registering in. Where orchid man, Mr. Lucian Cole. Dinner long awaited old friends greet old friends and where old friends but, oh, so delicious. Shrimp cocktails, chicken broth, make new friends. In the Empire Room for some Waldorf salad, boned squab with wild rice, French impromptu entertainment, music supplied by Miss string beans and new potatoes, strawberry parfait Dorothy Murray, accordionist, and Jack Brooks, gui­ and coffee. All went to make a most delicious dinner tarist, and the piano player, whose name never did and nothing but clean plates went back to the get to be known. Albert's hat finally being located, kitchen. Entertainment par excellent; music that and Albert finally being located and presented with was most danceable to. The beautiful gowns worn by & ‘top banana” hat — some three feet in diameter; the ladies. An occasional formal suit by the men. brilliant color. Now maybe we will not have to go All went to make the affair a very aristocratic one. around looking for Albert’s hat. The quartet, singing Dancers all over the place. Music continuous till 2 :00 oldtime songs, all out of tune and completely un- a.m. Night club style setting, with dim lights to make i April- 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 13 the effect that one was having a party at home. Or­ Dear Mr. Wilson and Friends: chids, making faces beam with delight. Food to suit a As the West Coast representative of the Oil Mill king. What more could be asked? The diehards that Gazetteer I would like to express my deepest appre­ danced till two, the even hardier ones that went to ciation to the chairman of the Sixth West Coast after-hour spots to see more entertainment. The hun­ Divisional Meeting for a most wonderful time in gry ones seen at Tiny’s eating waffles and what have San Francisco. Through his efforts and time I believe you. So to bed. Up early and down for breakfast; at that it was one of the best planned meetings that least, some of them were able to get breakfast. The has ever been presented on the West Coast. meeting still going on, with more door prizes that Our deepest appreciation goes to all the advertisers were appreciated by the many winners. The good and contributors for their wonderful support of this speakers that presented such wonderful topics, con­ meeting, for it was through them that the meeting taining a wealth of information that was good for was made possible in the first place. We are deeply all to hear and learn about. The closing of the meet­ grateful and only hope that during the coming years ing. Saying good-byes for awhile. Some traipsing all the members of the association will repay them around the city for a final look. Chinatown, going in part by doing as much business with them as is full swing, buying last minute gifts for those left at possible to do so. home. Eating a leisurely dinner, when all of a sudden departure time. Mad dash back to the hotel. Baggage To the ladies who so graciously attended this meeting, we especially want to thank you, for all stored in the lobby, adding to the confusion of through your efforts you have made this meeting farewells. Bus and truck arrive. All baggage loaded a most delightful one throughout. We sincerely hope on and the bus loaded with happy faces. All aboard. that you all have fond memories of this meeting. One couple missing. Mad dash to try and locate them. Nothing doing so off we go. The train rolling merrily Those who so willingly helped on the Registration along with much singing, laughter and jokes. The Desk I personally want to thank, for they certainly Mule Train waking up those trying to sleep. The did a wonderful job and made the task of registra­ goose call that was a call, but far fetched from a tion chairman the easiest that it has ever been. goose. Stocking feet dancers in the aisles of the Thank you! train. Duets by couples, solos by others. Coca-cola We are grateful for the wonderful attendance at bottles all over the floor. Sleepers are least faking this meeting. It certainly was a compliment to the they were asleep. Jack and Dorothy playing for chairman and his committee. hours and being fed while they played. After hours Will be looking forward to seeing everyone at the finally quietness reigned while the events preceding National Convention in Fort Worth, Texas, and am took their toll and sleepiness enveloped all to a sure that the committee has planned a wonderful sleepless rest to Los Angeles. The farewells as bag­ program for all who attend. gage was redeemed. Mrs. Crossno locating her pock- With kindest personal regards to all, etbook, and so we ended a most glorious trip to San BURNS H. “ TEX” HAMLETT, Francisco, to attend the Sixth West Coast Divisional West Coast Representative. Meeting.

Dear Mr. Wilson, Members and Friends: PICTURES SHOWN ON OPPOSITE PAGE It was indeed a pleasure and an honor to be the chairman of the West Coast Division of the National 1. Mr. Crossno, Mrs. Ray Badgely and Mrs. Ruby Crossno, Oil Mill Superintendents Association, and I do want leading the group down the tunnel to the train. to take this opportunity of thanking the officers, 2. Mrs. Joyce Barrington holding the newest arrival in the members and machinery men for all their efforts Barrington family, Claudia Lynn, H. C. “Grandpappy” put forth in making the Sixth Divisional Meeting, Barrington holding Lesley Alison, while Mr. Leopoldo beyond any reasonable doubt, the most successful Arias and Mrs. Lillian Barrington look on approvingly. West Coast Meeting ever held. 3. Where’s Albert’s Hat ? has at long last been answered, for at the Preview Party, Mr. Harold F. Crossno finally For those who spent more time, effort and contri­ presented to Mr. Albert Battenfield, of Butters Manu­ butions, we especially want to thank them as it helps facturing Co., Dallas, Texas, his “Top Banana” Hat, and us in many ways of seeing that the members and as you can note Albert is not taking his position as Top ladies are entertained the entire meeting. I have had Banana lightly. many letters, cards, telegrams and telephone calls ^ 9?fnmVn*ty Singing with Mr. H. E. “Pop” Wilson, in from the superintendents, machinery men and ladies, Albert’s Top Banana Hat, leading the group with Harold stating that they enjoyed the meeting in San Fran­ Crossno. Laughing about it with Mrs. W ilson, N. J. Karnes, William D. H orne, o f P acific Nut Oil Co., and cisco more than any of the others we have held on Jack Brooks and Dorothy Murray. the West Coast, and, as your chairman, I appreciate the compliments of those kind people. m 1S* Jjeona I- Meeks, Mrs. Badgely, Mr. Ray Badgely, Mrs. John O. Call, and Mr. H. L. Tamborini, registering We tried to run everything in the proper manner Mr. John Hogan, Mrs. William H. Gray, Mr. Burns H. and be on time for the meetings, banquet and ladies’ Hamlett, Mrs. D orothy Gray, M rs. Nell W right, Mr. Owhe Wright, Mr. Harold Robertson, Mr. Alvin Aker, luncheon, as well as bus tours, which all seem to Mr. Merton Boomer, Mr. M. H. Wilson, Mr. H. A. Vind. compliment us very much, and as the old saying goes, “ The captain is no better than his crew.” I ^ c!u‘ J / and Mr. E. L. Nash, registering fo r the 6th West Coast Meeting. therefore would like to thank each and every one of you for being such a splendid and the most co­ Coast Representative, Burns H. Hamlett, express­ ing good wishes to our neighbors, Mr. Leopoldo Arias of operative group that I have ever had the pleasure of ceitera del Valle, Mexicali, B Cfa, Mexico. leading. One thing that I would like to mention and 8- Miss Lesley Alison Barrington, age 3 x/% years, seriously to especially thank the group for being so quiet that reaching into the glass jar, held by Mr. John O. Call, for you could hear a pin drop, which shows a respect to a t,cket at the draw ing in the m eetings. the speakers and that is to be appreciated. ' April- 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 15

As your chairman for the coming year, I will en­ PRE-BANQUET AND DANCE FUN deavor to do the very best that I can for a swell Pre-Banquet and Dance Fun was had in several croup such as the West Coast Meeting members, rooms as Harold F. Crossno, the meeting chairman, both men and ladies. assisted by Jack Brooks, the Guitarist, and Dorothy If there are any questions regarding the West Murray, the Accordionist, supplied the wonderful Coast Meetings, do not hesitate to write or call your music. Some of the visitors are shown in these pic­ chairman. tures, where the gathering was royally entertained. I expect to see all of you at our National Conven­ No warning was given that the bunch would arrive tion in Fort Worth, and in closing I again want to in any room, so much confusion was enjoyed by all thank you for your wonderful cooperation and cour­ and everyone mixing with everyone else. Some of tesy shown me during 1953. the rooms that were visited and if any of you can I remain, yours very truly, pick out which room was whose room, you are better H. F. CROSSNO, Meeting Chairman. than the West Coast Representative, and if I should make any mistakes, or leave anyone out, please for­ give for it is not intentional in any way. In whose room we started I don’t know, but the Barringtons PICTURES SHOWN ON OPPOSITE PAGE et al of Barrington Welding and Machine Works, Torrance, California, were high on the list. Some 50 1. Mr. J. W. Moller, President of El Dorado Oil Works, San people bunched up in the Albert Battenfields room, Francisco, Calif., who gave the Welcome Address. of Butters Manufacturing Co., Atlanta, Ga., but no 2. Mr. Harold F. Crossno, Superintendent, California Cotton Albert was present. Mr. C. A. Rietz and Mr. P. H. Oil Corporation, Los Angeles, Calif. Meeting Chairman for the 6th West Coast Divisional Meeting of the N. O. Mulcahy of Rietz Manufacturing Co., Santa Rosa, M. S. A. California, were briefly visited. About this time we 3. Mr. H. E. Wilson, Secretary-Treasurer of the N. O. M. tried to barge in on the Screw Conveyor Corp., of S. A. and Ye Editor of the Oil Mill Gazetteer, who told Hammond, Ind., but they were out looking for the us all about “Our Superintendents Association and the group and by the time we all got together it was Oil Mill G azetteer.” banquet time, and were all sorry that we could not 4. Mr. Burns “Tex” Hamlett, West Coast Representative of the Oil Mill Gazetteer, Registration Chairman of the make the stop. Carver Cotton Gin Co., Fresno, Cali­ meeting, who gave the Response to the Welcome Address fornia, and Dallas, Texas, with Jimmy Orr and Skee- and introduced the Officers of the N. O. M. S. A. ter Wamble gave the group a good beginning for the 5. Dr. C. R. Grau, Assistant Professor of Poultry Hus­ evening’s entertainment. Claire and Margaret Con- bandry, University of California, Berkeley, Calif., who presented a talk on “Cottonseed Meal— 1953.” zett of Western Belting and Mechanicals, Inc., Los 6. Mr. L. U. Cole, Industrial Machinery Co., Inc., Fort Angeles, California, spurred the group on to more Worth, Texas, who presented a paper to the meeting, and more fun, and the stories were running high, “Lint Cleaning and Seed C ooling.” wide and handsome. These pictures will show you 7. Mr. D. D. Day, Vice President, The Murray Company of the wonderful time that was enjoyed by all who Texas, Inc., Dallas, Texas, who spoke to the group on were able to attend this room to room serenading “Today’s Modern Ginning.” and fun before it was time to dress for the banquet 8. Mr. Ed Hudson, Superintendent, Ranchers Cotton Oil Co., Fresno, Calif., wjio presented a paper on “Solvent and and dance. Please forgive if we have missed any Pre-Pressing Over Expellers.” mention of other rooms, but the mind plays tricks 9. Mr. J. von Bergen, Director of Research, Airkem, Inc., at this point, but am sure that it was in our hearts New York, New York, who presented a paper on “Odor and we are indeed grateful to the Machinery Men in Cottonseed Processing.” for the wonderful entertainment they supplied. 10. Mr. R. A. Calhoun, Safety Engineer, Industrial Indem­ nity Co., Los Angeles, Calif., who presented to the group a talk on “ A ccident F a cts.” 11. Mr. Norval MacDonald, Safety Engineer, Industrial In­ MEN’S BUS TOUR, ETC. demnity Co., Fresno, Calif., who told the group of some safety factors in the industry and collaborated with Mr. Through the sponsorship of Kinco, Inc., Monte­ R. A. Calhoun. bello, California, the men that attended the Sixth 12. Mr. J. Weishaar, Western Regional Manager, The Amer­ West Coast Divisional Meeting were treated to a bus ican Pulley Co., Philadelphia, Pa., who presented a talk tour of San Francisco with the primary purpose of on “Cutting the Cost of Power.” 13. Mr. R. W. Willis, Sales Manager, Edward D. Maltby Co., visiting the Solvent Extraction Plant of Cargill, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif., who presented a paper on “Shaft under the supervision of Mr. W. T. Mackey. The Mounted Speed Reducers,” and collaborated with Mr. J. visit to the plant was most interesting to all the men Wevshaar. and they were treated to first hand information as 14. Mi Albert Battenfield, Sales Engineer, Butters Manu­ to the operation. The plant was in excellent condition facturing Co., Dallas, Texas, who presented a paper on oeed Cleaning” which had to be read by Mr. Wilson, and everyone marveled at the cleanliness of the mill. because Albert had just about lost his voice. Also every safety precaution was taken and the men ° r r' i?' Smith, Superintendent, Producers Cotton Oil really enjoyed the visit very much. We are indeed «q‘’ resno, Calif., who was to have presented a talk on > eparation,” but who at the last moment was confined indebted to Mr. Mackey for obtaining the necessary lfi vr room with a severe case of the flu. permission to visit his plant and for allowing us to p/ Christian, General Manager, J. F. Christian be shown through from one end to the other. Our ®an. Francisco, Calif., who presented a talk 17 r*eW echniques in Heat Exchange.” thanks also go to the Kinco, Inc., for their wonderful Ym-i- Gayles, Niagara Filter Corp., Buffalo, New support of this event. The bus tour continued and ni. ’ presented a talk on Filtration to all those present. we were shown a bird’s eye view of San Francisco r?r‘ Tamborini, Chemist, California Cotton Oil and were taken by the plants of Enterprise Engine Angeles, Calif., who spoke to the group on and Machinery Company and J. D. Christian, Engi­ 19 vr , ln.g .Crnde Cottonseed Oil.” neers, and due to the lack of time, all we could do Corn T^am Gray> Foreman, California Cotton Oil “r,* a i j S Angeles, Calif., who told the group about was to make a bus stop, and then on our way back ^ood Housekeeping.” to the hotel. Page 16 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April. 1953

Mr. Robert Christian of Joseph D. Christian, En­ gineers, and Mr. W. F. Swall of Enterprise Engine & Machinery Company, relinquishing a visit to their plants in order to sponsor a party for all the men on the bus tour, back at the hotel, which was par­ ticularly enjoyed by all the men and we are indeed grateful to Mr. Swall and Mr. Christian and their respective companies for so generously sponsoring, jointly, the party, for we all know that the men particularly enjoyed themselves, both on the bus tour and at the party. It was one of the many high­ lights of the Sixth West Coast Divisional Meeting. * & $ New members always welcome! The pictures in this issue of the Oil Mill Gazetteer were all taken by John Barrington of Barrington Welding and Machine Works, of Torrance, California. — Convention Calendar— We are indeed grateful to him for his splendid FOR 1953 cooperation, time and effort spent in obtaining all COTTON OIL INDUSTRY these pictures. We do sincerely say Thank you, John, and we do appreciate it very much. Understand that • April 13-14—Valley Oil Seed Processors Association, copies will be available for any that you might like. Annual Convention, Buena Vista Hotel, Biloxi, Miss. Just contact your West Coast representative and it C. R. Garner, 1024 Exchange Bldg., Memphis, Tenn. can be arranged. We know that John put a lot of • May 8-12— National Cottonseed Products Association work into this and instead of taking a formal group Fifty-Seventh Annual Convention, Ambassador Hotel, picture, we thought that it would be more appropri­ Los Angeles, Calif. S. M. Harmon, Secretary, 19 South ate to take informal shots of as many of the group Cleveland Street, Memphis, Tenn. as we could. If we did not get you in a picture, well, • May 18-19—Oklahoma Cottonseed Crushers Asso­ better luck next time. Again our thanks to the Bar­ ciation annual convention, Lake Murray Lodge, A rd ­ ringtons for their splendid cooperation and sponsor­ more, Okla. J. D. Fleming, Secretary-Treasurer, 1004 ship at this meeting and those in the past. Cravens Bldg., Oklahoma City, Okla. H5 • June 1-2 — Alabama-Florida-Georgia Cottonseed To Mr. R. D. Sherwood and the hotel staff who Crushers Association Joint Convention, Edgewater-Gulf did such a wonderful job of making our stay at the Hotel, Edgewater Park, Miss., J. E. Moses, 318 Grand Sir Francis Drake Hotel such a memorable one, we Theatre Bldg., Atlanta, Ga., Secretary, Georgia Asso­ are indeed grateful. They ascertained our every need ciation; T. R. Cain, 322 Professional Center Bldg., and were certainly Johnny-on-the-spot any time yve Montgomery, Ala., Executive Secretary, Alabama- needed any assistance of any kind. It was just Florida Association. perfect working with them and we do appreciate very much the wonderful spirit of friendliness and • June 3-4-5. Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents Asso­ cooperation that they showed towards the group of ciation, Twenty-Eighth Annual Convention, Peabody the Sixth West Coast Divisional Meeting. Hotel, Memphis, Tenn. L. E. Roberts, Secretary-Treas­ * * * urer, DeSoto Oil Co., Memphis, Tenn. Mr. W. T. Mackey, Cargill, Inc., San Francisco, • June 7-9—Texas Cottonseed Crushers Association, California, writes that even though he is not on the Fifty-ninth Annual Convention, Shamrock Hotel, Hous­ membership committee this year, and that the Di­ ton, Texas. Jack Whetstone, Secretary, 624 Wilson visional Meeting is not quite over, he obtained an­ Bldg., Dallas, Texas. other new member for the association: Mr. 0. L. • June 10-11-12—National Oil Mill Superintendents King, owner and superintendent of King Oil Com­ Association Fifty-ninth Annual Convention, Texas pany, Richmond, California. We certainly do welcome Hotel, Fort Worth, Texas. H. E. Wilson, Secretary- Mr. King into our association and hope that it will Treasurer, P. O. Box 1180, Wharton, Texas. prove profitable to him. To Mr. Mackey, whom we • June 8-9— North Carolina Cottonseed Crushers Asso­ have slighted in the past, we thank him for getting ciation, South Carolina Cottonseed Crushers Association Mr. King to join our ranks. Mr. Mackey has certainly Joint Annual Convention, Grove Park Inn, Asheville, done a wonderful job for us, and we are indeed N. C. Mrs. M. U. Hogue, P. O. Box 747, Raleigh, N. C., indebted to him, not only for obtaining the many Secretary-Treasurer, North Carolina Association; Mrs. new members that he has, but also for allowing the Durett L. Williams, 609 Palmetto Bldg., Columbia, S. C., men of the Divisional Meeting to go through his Secretary-Treasurer South Carolina Association. plant. It certainly is appreciated. Thank you, Mr. Mackey. • June 10-12— Mississippi Cottonseed Crushers Asso­ ciation Forty-fourth Annual Convention, Edgewater- One of the duties of the Entertainment Commit­ Gulf Hotel, Edgewater Park, Miss. J. A. Rogers, Secre­ tee, under the chairmanship of G. C. Roberts, W. T. tary-Treasurer, P. O. Box 3581, West Jackson Station, Mackey, E. A. Hill and C. Hogrefe, was to supply Jackson, Miss. the Divisional Meeting with typewriters for the • The American Oil Chemists Society meets May 4-5-6, registration desk. We wish to extend our thanks for Roosevelt Hotel, New Orleans, La* Contact Mr. Carroll their wonderful cooperation in having all six type­ L. Hoffpauir, Publicity Chairman, 2100 Robert E. Lee writers on hand and ready to go when the desk Blvd., New Orleans, La. was opened. Mighty swell of them and we do appre­ ciate it very much. April. 1953 OIL M ILL GAZETTEER Page 17

Our registration desk was ably handled by Henry The Registration Committee reported at the meet­ L. Tamborini, Mrs. John O. Call, Mr. and Mrs. Ray ing that they had obtained three new memberships Badgely and Mrs. Lee Meeks, who did a splendid during the course of the Sixth Divisional Meeting: job of handling all the ladies and gentlemen who Mr. T. H. Hinchcliffe, Western representative of the attended the meeting. We do appreciate their won­ Carrier Conveyor Corporation, Pasadena, California; derful assistance and it was indeed a pleasure to Mr. Carl Sterner, Superintendent of San Joaquin work with them. Cotton Oil Company, Bakersfield, California, and ^ $ Mr. William A. White, Western representative of the Mr. S. F. “ Walter” Rojas, Gomez Palacio DGO, Niagara Filter Corporation, San Francisco, Cali­ Mexico, State Vice President and Roving Ambassa­ fornia. We most certainly do wish to welcome these dor of the National Oil Mill Superintendents Asso­ new members and hope that their association with ciation, called at the very last minute to state that us will be most enjoyable and profitable to them and he was indeed very sorry that his plans to attend their respective companies. the meeting could not be kept due to the pressure * * * of business. We were indeed sorry to hear of this as Along in February it was recorded in the Oil Mill we were all looking forward to meeting our friend Gazetteer about Andrew Spanur of Spencer Kellogg from our neighboring country of Mexico. Walter did & Sons, Inc., getting started into cottonseed opera­ not want to forget the ladies at the meeting and tions and that R. D. Long, Jimmy Orr of Carver supplied some four extra prizes to be drawn for at Cotton Gin Company, assisted in starting up this the meeting, consisting of some very fine sterling plant, but finally the truth came to light. Although jewelry, peculiar to Mexico, and the winners of these Mr. R. D. Long and Mr. Jimmy Orr were in attend­ lovely gifts just oohed and aahed when they won ance, it was Mr. H. H. “Skeeter” Wamble, of Carver them. They were just lovely and all the ladies at the Cotton Gin Co., Fresno, California, who had put long, meeting extend their deepest thanks to Walter and hard hours in designing, laying and erecting this sincerely hope that he will be able to attend the next plant and that most of the credit should have gone meeting. The Sixth West Coast Divisional Meeting to him. So we here are correcting this information extends its deepest thanks to Walter. Thank you. and through the efforts of Mr. Skeeter Wamble, * * * Andrew Spanur finally got his new cottonseed mill Mr. Spence J. Battle of R. A. Reed Electric Com­ o ff to a flying start. Credit where credit is due. pany, Los Angeles, California, donated an electric •I' »i» deep fryer for the drawing on Saturday morning. INFORMATION: The knowledge you acquire by We are deeply appreciative of this additional gift looking up something else. for our drawing and wish to extend our deepest * * * thanks to Mr. Battle and his company for providing Miss Vedra Crossno, daughter of the Meeting the extra door prize. Thank you. Chairman, could not make the convention this year ★ ★ ★ MODERN l-SPEED

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PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April# 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 19

and it is one of the first that she ever has missed. a motion and a motion was made and seconded and She was sure sorry, and sent her best wishes that a unanimous vote made that the Seventh West Coast everyone have a good time and that she would be Divisional Meeting be held in March 1954 in Phoenix, thinking about us. Miss Crossno, flew in from her Arizona, with Los Angeles, California, as the alter­ college at Gulf Port, one week later, for her Easter nate city, with Mr. H. F. Crossno as chairman. vacation and has been brought up to date on all the Everyone seemed pleased at the choice of location, news, and now she is even more than sorry that she date and chairman, and the chairman expressed the was unable to attend. She told your reporter that it desire that everyone start spreading the word around was just wonderful to get back to California again, about the next divisional meeting. and that she would be on hand for the National Meeting to meet all her friends throughout the industry. * * * Mr. Paul Luckett, of Juarez, Mexico, sent his regrets that his plans to attend the meeting had to be&changed, due to his mill’s operations, and sincerely hoped that all would have a most enjoyable and profitable meeting in San Francisco, California, and for us to tell L. C. Roots that maybe they will be able to get together at the next meeting. * * * Mr. L. C. Roots, Vice President of the N.O.M.S.A., of Matamoras, Mexico, sent word that he was sorry that he would be unable to attend the Sixth West Coast Divisional Meeting, and wish all a very good time and that he was certain that everyone attend­ ing would take away with them a wealth of knowl­ edge and that he would have to be satisfied to read all about it in the next issue of the Oil Mill Gazetteer. '!• 'I* Mr. George Bitter, of Kingsburg Cotton Oil Co., Kingsburg, California, had to cancel his plans to attend the meeting and sent along his speech, in order that it might be read at the meeting. He was H. F. CROSSNO sorry that some personal business had arisen that Re-elected by unanimous vote as chairman of 7th Divisional could not wait and needed his urgent attention. He West Coast Meeting. sent his very best wishes to all the other members attending the meeting. iiiiiimiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiitii »fC «{c q Mr. Charles A. Piercey of Vegetable Oil Products e Z Co., Inc., Phoenix, Arizona, was glad that we were 1 C H A . able to track him down finally, and had hoped that he would be able to attend the meeting, but at the \ # last moment he had to cancel and change his plans. He sent his very best wishes to all. * * * Mr. A. W. French, Vice President of the French Oil Mill Machinery Co., Piqua, Ohio, writes that he i Pre-Stretched & Engineered to eliminate costly § was sorry that he would be unable to attend the = shut downs for “take-up” or replacement due to \ West Coast Meeting, but that he would send “Dink \ belt stretch. One Day” Keahey in his place. He sent along his kindest regards to all. Specializing in endless belts for the cotton | SEVENTH WEST COAST DIVISIONAL I seed oil mill induistry for: MEETING COMMITTEE F. Crossno, meeting chairman of the Sixth | LINTERS DRAG BELTS (Conveyor) jj West Coast Divisional Meeting, appointed Mr. Gor­ don C. Roberts, San Francisco, as chairman of the \ ROLLS ELEVATOR BELTS Seventh West Coast Divisional Meeting and chair­ 1 COUNTER DRIVES PELLET MACHINES man committee, with Mr. G. Andy Ward, Phoenix, Anz ; Mr. William D. Horne, Los Angeles; Mr. K. B. FANS wmth, Fresno; Mr. Andrew Spanur, Long Beach; 1 f ^ r>^r^e fitter, Kingsburg; and Mr. Lance Lang- °™’ Richmond, to serve under him. the committee reported on Sunday morning that ley had selected Phoenix, Arizona, with Los An- D. E. SHIPP BELTING COMPANY me®’ J^alifornia, as the location for the Seventh ■^i Coast Meeting. The time and date to be at a Cen■■Tex Service similar time as this meeting, and that Mr. H. F. ossno be reappointed as chairman of the Seventh P. O. Box 951 Telephone 3-7452 st Coast Divisional Meeting. WACO, TEXAS ie chairman then called upon the floor to make

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS Page 20 OIL MILL AZETTEER April, 1953

“Governor” Harry Milnes and Leo Martinusen of Kinco Inc., sponsors of a most interesting bus tour for men who attended the recent Divisional Meeting, being serenaded by Jack Brooks and Dorothy Mur­ ray, while “Pop” Wilson peeks and Mrs. Wilson smiles all ’bout it. LUCIAN COLE President of the Industrial Machinery Company, Fort Worth, Texas, who again presented lovely or­ chids to all the ladies attending the banquet and dance, Sir Francis Drake Hotel, San Francisco, Calif.

The following telegrams were received by H. F. Crossno during the West Coast Divisional Meeting: Memphis, Tenn. H. F. Crossno, The Best in the West, Sir Francis Drake Hotel, San Francisco. Regret very much that Speedy Long and myself are unable to be with you at your Sixth Divisional Meeting of the West Coast Superintendents. Our very best wishes for you and all the boys for the most enjoyable and profitable meeting you have ever had. Regards and best wishes to all. R. D. Long and T. P. Wallace. Carver Cotton Gin Co., Dallas, Texas, and Memphis, Tenn.

Los Angeles, Calif. H. F. Crossno, Chairman, Sixth Div. Meeting, NOMSA, R U SSE LL B. M A A S Sir Francis Drake Hotel, San Francisco Sorry cannot be with you. Congratulations on ex­ President of Screw Conveyor Corporation, Ham­ cellent program. Best wishes for successful meeting-. mond, Indiana, was on hand at the Sixth West Coast Aaron M. Altschul. Divisional Meeting with a delightful bus tour of all Southern Regional Laboratories, the spots of interest in and around San Francisco. New Orleans, La.

SALES ENGINEER WANTED Southwestern Laboratories Old established manufacturer oil mill ma­ chinery needs a designing and development Consulting Analytical Chemists and Chemical engineer. A competent sales engineer looking Engineers to the future would find this a splendid op­ portunity to develop own ideas. Apply XY, 1212 Oak Lawn Dallas, Texas Oil Mill Gazetteer, Box 1180, Wharton, Texas.

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April. 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 21

VIBRATING CONVEYOR UTILIZES NATURAL SPRING FREQUENCY Materials can be conveyed smoothly along- flat CARRIER surfaces or upward as much as 10 degrees and at speeds up to 24 inches per second by Natural Fre­ /HATUBAt- r BEQItfN C Y- quency Conveyor. Directional throw vibratory unit consists of pan mounted on springs and vibrated at CONVEYORS exact natural frequency of springs by motor-driven OFFER THESE ADVANTAGES! eccentric. Hydraulic shock absorber assures that all w eight is on springs instead of an eccentric. Unit LESS POWER REQUIRED does not slow down or dampen under load and re­ (1000 foot-tons per hour per H.P.) LESS MAINTENANCE & DOW N-TIM E quires only 34-h.p. per 25 tons conveyed for each 10 (Less power + good design = good service) feet of level length. It is adaptable for screening, GREATER CAPACITY blending, drying and cooling operations also. Single (From a dribble up to 200 tons per hour) units of any length from 5 to 200 feet can be ob­ HIGH CONVEYING SPEED tained in widths of 6, 12, 18, 36 and 48 inches. Only (Up to 100 feet per minute, on flat hauls) one motor drive is required for each 150 feet of NO DAMPENING UNDER LOAD length. Also offered are vertical spiral conveyors and (Designed with extra power for specified load, balanced models which need not be bolted to floor. with positive stroke) SELF-CLEANING Made by the Carrier Conveyor Corp., Frankfort Ave., (Continuous smooth trough—no pockets) at Clifton, Louisville 6, Ky., and are represented in SCREENS, DEWATERS, SEPARATES, Southern California by Ted H. Hinchcliffe, P. O. Box BLENDS, DRIES, COOLS 221, South Pasadena 2, California. Phone CL 6-1348 (Combines processing with conveying) or CU 3-1385. WIDTHS FROM 6" TO 48"; LENGTHS FROM 5' ON UP REGISTRATION, SIXTH WEST COAST DIVISIONAL (With pans 16 gauge to V2 " plate or heavier, open or enclosed) MEETING, MARCH 20, 21 AND 22, 1953 BALANCED, VIBRATION-FREE Leopoldo Arias, Aceitera del Valle, Mexicali, B. Cfa., Mexico. UNITS AVAILABLE Marion J. Boomer, Albers Milling Co., 2700 Seventh St., (For use on ceilings or light floor construction) Oakland, Calif. Carl R. Hogrefe, Anderson, Clayton & Co., Los Angeles, T. H. HINCHCLIFFE Calif. P. O. BOX 221 SOUTH PASADENA, CALIF. E. R. Quinn, Anderson, Clayton & Co., Los Angeles, Calif. CL-61348 CU-31385 R. H. Badgeley, California Cotton Oil Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. D. F. Budd, California Cotton Oil Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. John O. Call, California Cotton Oil Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Harold G. Cole, C a lifornia C otton Oil Corp., Los A ngeles, FOR SALE Calif. H. F. Cz-ossno, California Cotton Oil Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Delivery in April, 1953, FOB cars, Wharton, Giron L. Grubbs, California Cotton Oil Corp., Los Angeles, Texas: Calif. Burns H. Hamlett, California Cotton Oil Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Nine Standard 16 Box Hydraulic Presses, all David E. Haywood, California Cotton Oil Corp., Los in operation now. Angeles, Calif. John E. Hogan, California Cotton Oil Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. One French Hydraulic Former, Right Hand. William H. Gray, C alifornia C otton Oil Corp., Los A ngeles, Calif. One Standard Cake Stripper. W. W. Kelley, California Cotton Oil Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Leona I. Meeks, California Cotton Oil Corp., Los Angeles, One Helm Hot Cake Stripper. Calif. Harold S. R obertson, C alifornia C otton Oil Corp., Los One Three Cylinder, Standard Upright, Low Angeles, Calif. Pressure Pump; Belt Driven. Alvin H. Shaw, C alifornia C otton Oil Corp., Los A ngeles, Calif. Cal E. Stewart, California Cotton Oil Corp., Los Angeles, One Six Plunger Davidson Kennedy High Pres­ Calif. sure Hydraulic Pump; Belt Driven. Henry L. Tamborini, California Cotton Oil Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. One 20 Ton French Low Pressure Accumulator. Owlie L. Wright, California Cotton Oil Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Les Hefferline, California Flaxseed Products Co., 3135 E. One 4 Cylinder Ft. Worth Steel Machinery Cake 26th St., L os A n g eles, C alif. Breaker. Sidney Switzer, S. A. Camp Co., Cawelo, Calif. C. R. Woodwai-d, Jr., S. A. Camp Co., Cawelo, Calif. W. T. Mackey, Cargill, Inc., San Francisco, Calif. Will sell all or in part to any one purchaser. Earl R. Kitley, Contra Costa Veg. Oil Corp., San Pablo, Calif. Gordon C. R oberts, C ontra C osta V eg. Oil Corp., San Pablo, PEOPLES COTTON OIL COMPANY Calif. Rannel Steed, Contra Costa Veg. Oil Corp., San Pablo, P. O. Box 1180 Wharton, Texas Calif.

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS Page 22 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

J. F. Marsh, Copra Oil & Meal Co., Ltd., Wilmington, Calif. M. H. Wilson, Vegetable Oil Products Co., Inc., Wilmine-1-nn J. F. Fuller, El Dorado Oil Works, Oakland, Calif. Calif. * ’ James W. Moller, El Dorado Oil Works, Oakland, Calif. Bentley H. Page, Western Cotton Oil Co., Lubbock, Texas L.*Spioak, El Dorado Oil Works, Oakland, Calif. F. C. Vesey, Western Cotton Oil Co., El Paso, Texas. A. R. Horne, Los Angeles, Calif. Merton Boomer, Western Vegetable Oils Co., Inc., Oakland H. C. Switzer, Humphreys Cotton Oil Mill, Belzoni, Miss. Calif. Jack Goodi-um, Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc., Long Beach, Frank E. W. Adams, Adams Electric & Mtr. Svc T Calif. Angeles, Calif. ’’ s Andrew Spanur, Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc., Long Beach, John M. von Bergen, Airkem, Inc., N ew York, New York Calif. H. C. Borgeson, Airkem Sales, N. Hollywood, Calif. W. G. Davis, Jr., Kingsburg Cotton Oil Co., Kingsburg, C. L. Fairbanks, Airkem Sales, San Francisco, Calif. Calif. Joe Lammersen, Airkem Sales, Los Angeles, Calif. M. B. McFarland, McFarland Ginning Co., M cFarland, Edwin Draper, Air Metals Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Calif. K. A. Moyer, American Alloy Welding Co., San Francisco W. D. Horne, Pacific Nut Oil Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Calif. Lexie C. McDaniels, Pacific Nut Oil Co., Los Angeles, A. J. Falkenberg, American Mineral Spirits Co. Western Calif. Los Angeles, Calif. Ed A. Hill, Pacific Vegetable Oil Corp., San Francisco, Ethan B. H iggins, A m erican M ineral Spirits Co. Western Calif. San Francisco, Calif. Mance Langford, Pacific Vegetable Oil Corp., San Fran­ G. P. Weishaar, The American Pulley Co., Philadelphia cisco, Calif. Penna. George A. Kopas, Pacific Vegetable Oil Corp., San Fran­ M. P. Mohr, Ames Harris Neville Co., San Francisco, Calif cisco, Calif. H. Howard Hansen, V. D. Anderson Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Hans C. Nissen, Pacific Vegetable Oil Corp., San Francisco, J. C. Whipple, Anderson-Whipple Co., San Francisco, Caiif Calif. Jack Barrington, Barrington Welding & Machine Works H. E. Wilson, Peoples Cotton Oil Co., Wharton, Texas. Torrance, Calif. Mrs. H. E. Wilson, Peoples Cotton Oil Co., Wharton, Texas. John A . B arrington, B arrin gton W eld ing & Machine Works K. B. Smith, Producers Cotton Oil Co., Fresno, Calif. Torrance, Calif. G. A. Ward, Producers Cotton Oil Co. of Arizona, Phoenix, Ed Parret, Bearings Supply Co., Fresno, Calif. Ariz. W allace C. Thomson, Bearings Supply Co., Fi'esno, Calif. George C. Cavanagh, Ranchers Cotton Oil Co., Fresno, A1 Hunt, Pacific Crane & Rigging Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Calif. C. A. Battenfield, Butters Mfg. Co., Dallas, Texas. E. D. Hudson, Ranchers Cotton Oil Co., Fresno, Calif. Mrs. A. Butters, Butters Mfg. Co., Atlanta, Ga. Ted Hinchcliffe, Carrier Conveyor Corp., Louisville, Ky. J. R. Ward, Ranchers Cotton Oil Co., Fresno, Calif. James C. Orr, Carver Cotton Gin Co., Fresno, Calif. Harold A. Ulsh, Ranchers Cotton Oil Co., Fresno, Calif. Henry “ Skeeter” Wamble, Carver Cotton Gin Co., Fresno Carl L. Stex-ner, San Joaquin Cotton Oil Co., Bakersfield, Calif. Calif. Leo Shluker, Central Bag & Supply Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Alvin M. Aker, San Joaquin Cotton Oil Co., Chowchilla, Joseph D. Christian, J. D. Christian— Engineers, San Fran­ Calif. cisco, Calif. E. D. Garner, San Joaquin Cotton Oil Co., Chowchilla, Robert F. Christian, J. D. Christian— Engineers, San Fran­ Calif. cisco, Calif. L. H. Spencer, Southland Cotton Oil Co., Corsicana, Texas. B. E. Peterson, J. D. Christian— Engineers, San Francisco, E. L. Nash, Southland Cotton Oil Co., Waxahachie, Texas. Calif.

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PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April- 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 23

R G. Johnson, The Conveyor Co., Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. Frank S. Caglia, Electric Motor Shop, Fresno, Calif. Walter F. Swall, Enterprise Engine & Mach. Co., San Fran­ cisco, Calif. When in Need of Good Merchandise—and g G. Margro, Fort Worth Steel & Mach. Co., Los Angeles, ' Calif. H P. Keahey, French Oil Mill Mach. Co., Piqua, Ohio. Quick Service—Get in Touch with . . Ed R. Tomblin, General Electric Co., Fresno, Calif, j F Hasney, General Electric Co., Los Angeles, Calif. W F. Beedle, Gooch Laboratories, Los Angeles, Calif. Jay Curts, Gulf Publishing Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Geral Vind, Hoffman & Jacobs, Long Beach, Calif. I M STAR BAG & BflGGIIlG CO. H A. Vind, Hoffman & Jacobs, Long Beach, Calif. Robert A. Calhoun, Industrial Indemnity Co., Los Angeles, (INCORPORATED) ESTABLISHED 1921 L. D. 878 P. O . Box 276 Noival MacDonald, Industrial Indemnity Co., Fresno, Calif. L U. Cole, Industrial Machinery Co., Fort Worth, Texas. F. o! Davis, Industrial Machinery Co., Fort Worth, Texas. HOUSTON, TEXAS Joe R. Martin, Industrial Machinery Co., Fort Worth, Texas. Peter Babin, Bryon Jackson Co., San Francisco, Calif. N. J. Karnes, N. J. Karnes, Los Angeles, Calif. Leo A. Martinusen, Kinco, Inc., Montebello, Calif. Harry Milnes, Kinco, Inc., Montebello, Calif. 0. L.' King, King Oil Co., Richmond, Calif. IMPERIAL BRAND SUGAR BAG CLOTH Ben Bahnsen, Lee Swan Co., Los Angeles, Calif. W. H. Thompson, Link Belt Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Harold C. Lindsay, Edward D. M altby Co., Los Angeles, Calif. R. W. Willis, Edward D. Maltby Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Edward D. M iller, guest, L os A ngeles, Calif. Charles J. A lciati, M oore D ry D ock Co., Oakland, Calif. Walter K. Bowker, Moore Dry Dock Co., Oakland, Calif. 2-LB. HOUSTON BRAND SUGAR BAG CLOTH A. G. Hardy, Moore Dry Dock Co., Oakland, Calif. FULL WEIGHT C. K. Cartwright, The Murray Co., Fresno, Calif. D. D. Day, The Murray Co. of Texas, Inc., Dallas, Texas. R. D. Day, The Murray Co. of Texas, Inc., Fresno, Calif. Redding Sims, N ational Blow Pipe & M fg. Co., New Orleans, La. D. A. Sayles, Niagara Filter Corp., Buffalo, New York. C. T. White, Niagara Filter Corp., San Francisco, Calif. NEW & SECOND HAND BURLAP BAGS W. A. White, Niagara Filter Corp., San Francisco, Calif. Ernest S. Hutchins, Paasche A irbrush Co., Los A ngeles, Calif. Joseph S. Schwartz, P acific Diam ond H. B ag Co., San Francisco, Calif. Duane M. Folsom, Pacific Mill & Mine Supply Co., Fresno, Calif. J. F. Worley, Pacific Mill & Mine Supply Co., Fresno, Calif. William D« White, Jr., Pacific Weld. & Mach. Co., San Francisco, Calif. Ivo Phelps, Hubert Phelps Machinery Co., Little Rock, HIGH Arkansas. G. F. Thomas, Prater Pulverizer Co., Chicago, 111. F. M. Ainsworth, Sr., Raeco Eng. Co., Torrance, Calif. Gordon R. Olney, Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc., San Fran­ SPEED cisco, Calif. Spencer J. Battle, R. A . Reed E lectric Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Robert R. M ickus, R ice G row ers Assn. o f Calif., Sacra­ mento, Calif. SEED Clyde H. Barren, Rietz Mfg. Co., Santa Rosa, Calif. P. H. Mulcahy, Rietz Mfg. Co., Santa Rosa, Calif. C. A. Rietz, Rietz Mfg. Co., Santa Rosa, Calif. Edward P. Escher, Screw C onveyor Corp., Hammond, Ind. COOLING Russell B. Maas, Screw Conveyor Corp., Hammond, Ind. Ben D. Asher, Shell Oil Co., Sacramento, Calif. High vacuum can answer YOUR seed-cooling prob­ E. C. Johnson, Shell Oil Co., Fresno, Calif. lems! A high-speed Phelps rubber-bladed fan will Edward C. H ogan, Southw estern Sup. & Mach. W orks, Oklahoma City, Okla. quickly lower those dangerous temperatures. The Jack Hunter, Sprout Waldron Co., Oakland, Calif. Phelps fan shown is capable of developing a vacuum Rex Wagner, Sprout Waldron & Co., Los Angeles, Calif. William E. Edsall, Star E lectric Co., Bell Gardens, Calif. of 36 inches in wafer. Seed resistance uses only a C. R. Grau, University of Calif., Berkeley, Calif. small per cent of this capacity . . . the balance is free Leonard Martin, Valley Foundry & Machine Works, Fresno, Calif. to pull cooling air through the seed. Write for full Pete Peters, Valley Foundry & Machine Works, Fresno, Calif. information, specifications, prices. Ezra A. Chandler, Vernon Construction Co., Wilmington, Calif. C. Conzett, Western Belting & Mech./lnc., Los Angeles, Calif. Williamson, John W. Williamson & Sons, Inc., MACHINERY COMPANY ^ Montebello, Calif. PHONE. Charles V. Zoul, Charles V. Zoul & Co., Santa Monica, 1700 EAST NINTH ST. ------2 -1 3 1 4 ------LITTLE R O C K , A R K . Calif.

PATRONIZE y o u r advertisers Page 24 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

FARMERS TO TRY RICE PLANTING does not get his share of the economic wealth, in­ Farmers in the Buttonwillow area of California dustry and labor will suffer. are intei-ested in seeding- 100 acres of land here in Chester H. Cary, secretary of the Fresno Central rice, Farm Adviser Roy Barnes states. Rice has been Labor Council, said agriculturists have been unwill­ grown in past years but on a very limited scale, ing to support unemployment insurance, which, he with only 40 acres planted in Kern County last year. said, would stabilize wages and merchants’ incomes. Loren L. Davis, extension agronomist, has dis­ s|s * cussed details in rice production with farmers here. QUOTAS SEEN FOR COTTON NEXT YEAR Barnes said the Buttonwillow area is adapted to rice C. Bailey Grigsby of Bakersfield, California, the production because of sufficient water sources. Land president of the Westei*n Cotton Shippers Associa­ planted to cotton in years prior would require little tion, predicted the government will establish market­ rework to prepare it for rice, he declared, saying ing quotas for cotton in 1954, because of an inade­ contour borders are used in both cases. quate market for this year’s anticipated 14,000,000- The growing season opens within the next few bale crop. weeks. Harvest is in the early weeks of October. “Every indication points to a crop this year as “Not only is it a good crop/’ Barnes declared, “but large as 1952 output when we experienced a disas­ it is good for soil due to the water leaching out much trous decline in exports to foreign countries,” he of the alkali salts.” asserted. Most of the state’s rice production is centered in “We cannot expect the foreign nations with their the Delta area in Northern California, the farm severe dollar shortage to boost their imports as far adviser said. as 1953 cotton is concerned. 'S' “We could avoid controls next year if our growers Delegates to the second Fresno State College Eco­ w^ould respond to the Secretary of Agriculture’s re­ nomic Education Workshop, being conducted here, quest for a 121/2 per cent slash in production this were told that increasing mechanization in agricul­ year.” ture will aleviate labor problems in the San Joaquin Grigsby declared a major portion of the 1953 pro­ Valley, California. duction can be expected to g-o into g-overnment loan Roy Crouch of the Agricultural Extension Service because the market price for this year’s crop prob­ ably will not be much more than the loan rate. in Fresno reported it will not be long until mechan­ ical methods will be used in picking tomatoes. The government has set 30.8 cents a pound as the Kenneth Hampton, manager of the Valley Electric loan rate for the 1953 crop. Supply Co., asserted the war has brought a change The Bakersfield cotton merchants said California in financing in Central California. producers benefited in the marketing of their 1953 “The West historically has been without adequate crop because of the inferior quality of the cotton financing,” he said, “ but there has been a vast im­ grown in the Old South. provement.” Thomas Maddox, the Los Angeles Harbor traffic Inflation problems were discussed by Eliot Swan, manag-er, reported cotton exports took a sharp drop Robert Einzig and William McNabb of the Federal during the first seven months of the current market­ Reserve Bank in San Francisco. ing season. During the period, he said, California cotton ex­ The view was expressed inflation has been checked but any increase in international tension could start ports totaled 303,168 bales, or only about 89.S per cent of the total 771,671 bales exported in the cor­ it anew. responding period a year ago. “The dollar doesn’t do much for us as it used to but we don’t do as much to get dollars as we used v to,” Swan said. “They’re coming to put me in the electric chair,” Lloyd Harnish, a west side farmer, declared cotton phoned the convicted criminal to his “ mouthpiece.” growers have priced themselves out of foreig-n mar­ “What do I do now?” kets. He said if farmers cannot produce 30-cents-a- The lawyer thumbed rapidly through his notes as pound cotton they should turn to another type of the labored breathing on the other end grew heavier. production. “Come on,” he begged. “I’m paying you for advice— Roy McClain of Visalia declared Valley prosperity now’s when I need it most.” depends largely on agriculture and if the farmer “Don’t” began the attorney, “don’t sit down.”

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PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April, 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 25

West Coast Ladles Auxiliary

The 1953 Officers of the West Coast Ladies Auxiliary

Left to right: Mrs. Leona I. Meeks, Secretary; Mrs. Rubie Crossno, Chairlady; Mrs. Lillian Barrington, Vice President; Mrs. Mary Wamble, Corresponding Secretary; Mrs. Louise Hogrefe, President; Mrs. Vera Marsh, Junior Past President.

MRS. LEONA I. MEEKS South Gate, Calif., April 2, 1953. California Cotton Oil Corp., Los Angeles, Calif. Newly Appointed Secretary Mr. H. F. Crossno, Meeting- Chairman, Sixth West Coast Divisional Meeting, Huntington Park, Calif., April 1, 1953. National Oil Mill Superintendents Assn., Mr. H. F. Crossno, Meeting Chairman, Los Angeles, Calif. 6th West Coast Divisional Meeting, Dear Mr. Crossno: National Oil Mill Superintendents Assn. Los Angeles, California. As chairlady of the Ladies Auxiliary Luncheon and Hostess Committee I do want to compliment the Dear Mr. Crossno: officers for the splendid manner in which they con­ I was deeply honored to be selected and appointed ducted their meeting. It was indeed a pleasure to the Secretary of the Ladies’ Auxiliary of the West work with them, and I do appreciate the valuable assistance they gave me in performing my duties. Coast. I sincerely hope that I will be'able to fulfill the high honor that you have placed in me, and I From the time that we left Los Angeles, to San will deem it an honor if you will call on me at any Francisco and return, the hostess committee really time. did a splendid job. Our co-workers always seemed to I was one of the fortunate ones to make the trip be on hand and doing a wonderful job. It is* through to the San Francisco Meeting via the Southern the efforts of such a fine committee that enabled Pacific streamline train in which there were about the Divisional Meeting to be the success that it was. 60 of us making the trip. It was wonderful riding We certainly do appreciate all the wonderful com­ along in the train and the fellowship was enhanced ments that were talked about all during the meeting, with all joining in the fun. Playing cards, singing and the many telephone calls that I have received, as and eating on the train proved to be a riot of fun for well as visitors, who commented and complimented all making the trip. us on the wonderful meeting. We are indeed sorry It was indeed nice to be greeted at the Hotel upon that many of the ladies could not attend this meet­ our arrival, with appropriate music and our many ing, sorry in the fact that they had to miss such a friends who made a cordon about us, and in the con­ wonderful time. We indeed hope that they will plan fusion friendship and handclasps reigned supreme. and be with us at the next meeting. Hardly had we time to register and get to our rooms To our many sponsors who made this meeting a then it was time for the Preview and get-together possibility, we are indeed grateful, for it is through party. their cooperation that we are able to attend these What a wonderful time was had meeting all of our meetings. friends and making many new ones. To see faces Again my thanks to the officers for their splendid smiling in recognition and remembering times past work and will be looking forward to seeing you all when we enjoyed ourselves. The music supplied by again in the very near future. our accordionist, guitarist and pianist made perfect music for quiet dancing. Yours very truly, Mr. Crossno I most certainly want to express the MRS. RUBIE M. CROSSNO, deepest thanks of the many ladies in attendance at Chairlady. our meeting who personally told me of the wonder- Page 26 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953 ful time that they had at this meeting, and as for ing committee, with music; get-together party; door myself I know that I enjoyed every moment of the prizes; cotton corsages; bus tour; ladies’ luncheon; trip including being seated at the registration desk room-to-room partying; orchid corsages; winding it and registering many, many friends. Again my sin- all up with the best banquet and dance. From all this cerest Thanks to you. you can well gather that we did not have too much I am, yours sincerely, time on our hands. MRS. LEONA I. MEEKS, Secretary, We are all indeed grateful to our sponsors, the California Cotton Oil Corp., Sixth West Coast Divisional Meeting, and yourself, Los Angeles, California. Mr. Chairman, for the wonderful time that you pro­ vided for all us ladies, and only feel sorry that some of the ladies were unable to attend and join in all Palas Verdes, Calif., April 2, 1953. these activities with us. Mr. H. F. Crossno, Meeting Chairman, Again my thanks for the wonderful support and Sixth West Coast Divisional Meeting, cooperation that was given to me while serving the National Oil Mill Superintendents Assn., Ladies Auxiliary as president, and wishing the new Los Angeles, Calif. president, Mrs. Louise Hogrefe, every success during the coming year. Dear Mr. Crossno: Yours very truly, I am deeply appreciative of the wonderful support and cooperation that was afforded me during the MRS. VERA R. MARSH, past year as president of the Ladies Auxiliary. It Junior Past President. made the year very pleasant and the task was made easy. Dear Mr. Wilson: We could write a lot about this past meeting, for I feel that it was the best that we have ever had so It was nice seeing old friends and acquaintances at far. Of course we say that each year, and each year the West Coast Meeting recently held in San Fran­ seems to be just a little better than the last. cisco. From the time we left Los Angeles to make the I would like to say “thank you” to those who con­ trip to San Francisco, it seemed that there was some­ tributed toward making the three days so won­ thing planned for us to do all the way, and all of it derful. was very nice. Baggage all taken care o f; seats in the Sincerely yours, train; buses to meet us at destination; the welcom­ LOUISE HOCxREFE.

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PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April' 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 27

Torrance, Calif., April 1, 1953. Mr. H. F. Crossno, Meeting Chairman, 6th West Coast Divisional Meeting, National Oil Mill Superintendents Assn. Los Angeles, Calif. Dear Mr. Crossno: Seated at the West Coast Ladies Auxiliary lunch­ eon I was deeply impressed with the wonderful feel­ ing of fellowship among the group seated around the horseshoe table. Every one attending the luncheon and meeting were most certainly in a very jovial mood, brought on in part by a wonderful bus tour of San Francisco. The Tour took us over the Golden Gate Bridge and over the Bay Bridge, which in itself was a won­ derful sight, but to further enhance our trip we were taken around the campus of the University of Cali­ fornia and then over to the beautiful Claremont Hotel. The beauty of the trip was so marvelous that I am at a loss for words descriptive enough to tell MRS. MARY WAMBLE you all about it. At least let me say that we, all the ladies that is, thoroughly enjoyed ourselves. Carver Cotton Gin Co., Fresno, Calif. Newly Appointed Corresponding' Secretary We are indeed grateful to you, Mr. Chairman, the 6th West Coast Divisional Meeting, and our sponsors Fresno, Calif., April 1, 1953. of the Bus Tour. Rest assured that we thoroughly enjoyed ourselves and we are indeed grateful. Thank Mr. H. F. Crossno, Meeting- Chairman, you. 6th West Coast Divisional Meeting, Yours very truly, National Oil Mill Superintendents Assn. Los Angeles, California. MRS. LILLIAN BARRINGTON, Vice-President. Dear Mr. Crossno: Barrington Welding & Machine Works, The Ladies Auxiliary appointed me to serve as Torrance, California. Corresponding Secretary for the group for the com­ ing year, and I am indeed honored at being thusly appointed. FOR SALE The Cotton corsages that were presented to us be­ fore going on the bus tour were indeed very beautiful ONE 36 INCH BAUER BROS. BALL BEAR­ being trimmed in silver and gold nylon lace. They were a most pleasant addition to any dress or suit ING CAKE MILL, DIRECT CONNECTED that the ladies wore. Many, many fine compliments TO TWO 50 H.P. WAGNER MOTORS, 220- were made to the committee who so thoughtfully and 440 VOLT, 60 CYCLE. ALL IN FIRST tastefully arranged them. We certainly do wish to CLASS CONDITION. express our thanks to those who worked on them. Of course a meeting would not be what it is with­ out the very beautiful orchids that were given to us at the Banquet and Dance, and we are indeed in­ J. T. GIBBONS, INC. debted to our sponsor for them. They were even bet- P. O. Box 284 tei this year than in the past, and in the past they New Orleans 9, Louisiana have been just beautiful. It really pleased all of us adies to be wearing a flower as beautiful as the orchid. We heard many fine compliments on the wonderful entertainment that was supplied for our dance, and ceitainly Jimmy Blass and his orchestra played the MUSKOGEE Most danceable music that we have heard in a long ime. It was perfectly wonderful to see the many couples on the dance floor all the time. I really SEED HOUSES could go on and on, but I just wanted to say Thank you, Mr. Chairman, The West Coast Divisional Meet- Designed and Erected ln£ and our sponsors. Thank you. B y Yours very truly, MRS. MARY WAMBLE, MUSKOGEE IRON WORKS n ^ Corresponding Secretary. w*rver Cotton Gin Co., MUSKOGEE, OKLAHOMA lesno, California.

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS Page 28 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

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PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April- 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 29 PROCEEDINGS West Coast Division, Sixth Divisional Meeting, March 21, 22, 1953, Hotel Sir Francis Drake, San Francisco, California

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. As your Meeting appropriately welcomed to this meeting. Again our sincerest C h a irm an , Harold Crossno, of the Sixth West Coast Divisional “thank you” to you. Meeting o f the N ational Oil M ill Superintendents, I would It is indeed a pleasure for me to come before this meeting like to extend to you Superintendents, Managers, Machinery to officially open the Sixth West Coast Divisional Meeting and Supply men, guests, friends, and especially the ladies, of the National Oil Mill Superintendents Association and as a most cordial welcome to our meeting. all meetings of any nature should start with a prayer, I ask I want to thank all of the advertisers to our magazine, the your indulgence to please stand while our good friend, Mr. Oil Mill Gazetteer, and contributors to this meeting. It is to H. E. Wilson, offers the prayer of invocation. be greatly appreciated, and I am sure that you will enjoy Thank you, Mr. Wilson. what we have planned for you educationally and entertain­ ingly, and to look over this very large attendance would make Ladies and Gentlemen: any chairman feel good for all his efforts put forth in plan­ We wish to express our gratitude to all the many speakers ning such a nice meeting for you, and now I do hope that who have so willingly given of their time and efforts to bring each and everyone of you will attend the meetings and take before this Sixth Divisional Meeting the various topics which part in all of the activities of both the men and the ladies. they will discuss for us, for it is through these discussions that we all learn of the many ways to improve our products At this time I would like to introduce to you our next from year to year. It is through this program, and others speaker, who w ill give us the welcom e address. He is well similar to it, that we progress, and progress is the keynote known among the oil milling industry and especially in the San Joaquin Valley and is now President of one of the fii'st of the economic structure of this great land of ours. oil mills built in San Francisco, which is now known as the To the many contributors who have made this meeting El Dorado Oil Works. He has always taken part in all activi­ possible in the first place, we are deeply grateful, and as ties pertaining to the advancement of oil milling. It now you will note on the backs of your program, we vyere indeed gives me a great deal of pleasure, and it is indeed an honor fortunate to have a goodly number of contributors, to which to introduce to you Mr. J. W. Moller, President of the El we say a sincere thank you. Dorado Oil W orks o f San Francisco, California. To the newspapers in San Francisco for their support of * * * this meeting by publishing news items which bi'ought the meeting before the public eye, to the San Francisco Chamber ADDRESS OF WELCOME of Commerce Convention and Tourist Bureau who were most Mi-. J. W . M oller, President, helpful in the planning of this meeting, and to Mr. R. D. El Dorado Oil Works Shetwood and staff of the Sir Francis Drake Hotel for their San Francisco, Calif. splendid cooperation, time and efforts to make our meeting the very best that wre have ever offered on the West Coast, Mr. Chairman, officers, members, guests and friends of we simply can only say thank you. the West Coast Division of the National Oil Mill Superin­ tendents Association: It is indeed a pleasure to welcome you To our West Coast Ladies Auxiliary for the wonderful job to San Francisco for your Sixth Divisional Meeting. On behalf they have done to help plan this meeting and to our various of the city and those segments of your industry located here, committees who were appointed to make the necessary I wholeheartedly extend to you the hand of friendship and arrangements, we thank them most sincerely and I am sure hospitality fo r w hich this city is noted. that the results will prove to be beneficial and entertaining to all who are in attendance here today. San Francisco has long possessed a deep interest in your industry. As the chief gateway for cotton exports to the Far It would not be fair to pass on without mentioning the Oil East, the San Francisco Customs District handled during the Mill Gazetteer, which, as you all know, is the official organ first nine months of 1952 a total of 243,774 bales of cotton of the National Oil Mill Superintendents Association. The and cotton linters. In addition, San Francisco is the head­ February issue of this magazine was devoted and dedicated quarters of many banks, brokers and suppliers who supply to this meeting. It was through the untiring efforts of Mr. the financing, markets and materials without which your H. E. Wilson, the Editor, and his girl Friday, Mrs. Cleo industry could not operate. In addition, the San Francisco Thompson, who made this issue what it was, and we here area is the home of no less than five major oil mills plus on the West Coast would like it to go on record that it was several large refiners of vegetable oils and manufacturers of the best issue that was ever presented, and the Sixth Divi­ margarine and shortening. sional Meeting is indeed very grateful. As an individual who recently made the switch from crush­ The many advertisers who helped to put this issue over ing cotton seed to crushing copra, I would like to call your for us, we earnestly ask you all to support them the way attention to the copra and coconut oil industry which is that they have supported us, so be sure in your every work- centered here. I would like to point with pride to the fact a-day life to say thank you to the contributors to this meeting that San Francisco area mills crushed a total of 104,000 tons and to the advertisers in our Oil Mill Gazetteer by purchasing of copra during the year of 1952 in addition to crushing all your supplies and needs from them. many other oil bearing materials such as safflower, soybeans, Our deepest thanks to each and every one of you here, for cocoabeans, etc. it is indeed a compliment to your Chairman to see such a I would be remiss if I didn’t remind you that San Francisco large crowd in attendance. Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. is justly proud of her many tourist attractions. We hope that To me has been given the honor of presenting and intro­ wiU find time to visit some of our exotic restaurants ducing the officers of the National Oil Mill Superintendents where we will tempt your appetites with the cuisines of the Association: Mr. E. L. “Ed” Nash, President, Waxahachie, world, our colorful Chinatown, our pungent Fisherman’s Texas. Mr. Bentley H. Page, Junior Past President, of Lub­ Wharf, our mighty bridges, our Golden Gate Park and the bock, Texas, who is acting as Pro-Tem Vice President for many beautiful hills and vistas of a city which can truthfully Mr. L. C. Roots of Matamoras, Mexico, who was unable to Be called the most cosmopolitan city in America. To those attend this meeting. Last but by no means least, Mr. H. E. °t you who like to talk shop we welcome you to visit our Wilson, Secretary-Treasurer of the association and also Ye crushing plants and refineries. Editor of the Oil Mill Gazetteer, Wharton, Texas, and is So once again, let me extend the welcome of our City. We better known in most circles as “Pop” Wilson. a*e P1-°ud to be chosen for your meeting place and we hope Next, but by no means the least, for I believe that he is ml y°ur deliberations will be fruitful and profitable, one of the biggest men on the West Coast, it now becomes inank you. my duty to turn this program over to the Meeting Chairman. * * * The well known phrase of the Best in the West had slight repercussions for some of his co-workers have gone him one RESPONSE TO WELCOME ADDRESS better, for in making a presentation to him during the holi­ Burns H. Hamlett days they came out with a card which read in part, “To the West Coast Representative Best in the West, from the boys of the mill who are the best Los Angeles, Calif. in the whole world.” I'hank you, Mr. Moller, for your splendid presentation of I know that I express the sentiments of many people when .our welcome address. We indeed feel that we are duly and I say that we are indeed grateful to this man for the wonder­ Page 30 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April. I953

ful job that he has done in bringing these last six divisional adaptation of basic principle, in time cycle per bale, in the meetings to the West Coast and I now turn the Sixth West removal of highest possible percentage of merchantable lint Coast Divisional Meeting over to the Meeting Chairman, and in the ginning process, and, probably most important, in the it is indeed a pleasure and an honor for me to introduce to moting or cleaning effectiveness of the gin stand during you my boss, the Superintendent of the California Cotton Oil actual ginning procedure. Also highly important, gin stands Corporation, of Los Angeles, California, the Best in the have been perfected so as to give more nearly trouble-free West, Mr. Harold F. Crossno, your Meeting Chairman. performance; and greatly improved design makes this unit A very interesting address was presented by Dr. C. R. much safer for operating personnel. Grau, Assistant Professor of Poultry Husbandry, University About twenty years ago it was considered that when a gin of California, Berkeley, California. Dr. Grau spoke from notes plant turned out one bale per gin stand per hour it was on problems of cottonseed meal quality or “Cottonseed Meal— ginning just about up to capacity for best possible work. 1953/’ hence we do not have a formal discussion to offer. Roughly ten years ago this capacity had been brought up to one and one-half bales per gin stand per hour. Today, if we LINT CLEANING do not furnish a gin stand capable of turning out two bales Mr. L. U. Cole per stand per hour when operating under reasonably favor­ Industrial Machinery Co., Inc. able conditions, it is felt that the gin lacks capacity. In short Fort Woi'th, Texas the capacity expected is twice what it was twenty years ago’. We are now installing gin stands that have actually ginned When we first started lint cleaning, it wasn’t much of a under test conditions at the rate of more than three bales per job. There has been a lot of time and effort given to lint stand per hour. It must be pointed out, however, that ginning cleaning, and considerable progress has been made. However, at this rate cannot be perform ed continuously because of the the big job is to improve the cleaning fast enough to keep up with the contamination, or the job the cleaners are human element, and because of other contributing factors. I am pointing out these developments to show you what is expected to do. Practically all of our Texas cotton is mechan­ approaching in the not too distant future as improved tech­ ically harvested. Combine that with a very dry year, and you niques are perfected, which will enable the gin stands proper find yourself trying to get seed out of sticks and trash, to operate more constantly at their potential capacity. rather than to get sticks and trash out of seed. So it may be our best lint cleaner is a good seed cleaner. It is sometimes pointed out that some obsolete gin plant My experience in cleaning lint has brought me to the con­ in a locality — and one which probably is equipped with a clusion that it takes the combination of beating and pneu­ minimum o f cleaning and drying equipment — has produced matic separation to do the job. It is my opinion that we have on some particular load of cotton, samples equal or superior been going at the job the hard way. That is, our present to those being produced by a modern, well-equipped gin plant. beaters are clothed with %xl-inch slotted metal, which only In every case, wdien such reports are tracked down, it is removes a part of the small shale and pepper. Then a type found that the particular cotton referred to was harvested in of moting that only gets some of the seed and heavy hulls. a manner which caused it to arrive at the gin in more nearly The refuse is partially cleaned, and recycled back to the the condition in which cotton was brought to the gin twenty beater again. Recycling, I think, is about enough within itself and m ore years a g o; in short, it was clean, well-handled to defeat our purpose. cotton when it reached the gin plant. It m ust be remembered The cleaning job, in my opinion, will be much easier done that the percentage of cotton handled in this manner is de­ if we will clothe the beater with large enough perforations creasing each year, and in m ost areas o f the cotton growing (probably %-inch round hole) to allow all trash and sticks belt it is just a memory. to go through, and 75 to 80 per cent of the lint to pass over We fully realize that if cotton arrives at the gin plant this screen and out of the beater reasonably clean. From the cleanly picked, free of foreign matter, and dry, that nearly beater, pass through a pneumatic cleaner on its way to the any old gin plant will handle it and turn out good samples bale press. The refuse from the top pass of beater goes if you are still willing to gin at the rate that was in vogue through enough pepper and shale beater to do most of the twenty and more years ago. Modern harvesting methods and cleaning. Then pass through the pneumatic cleaner to bale the tempo of our present times simply do not permit this. press to be blended with lint from top section of beater. When engineering a gin plant for today’s needs, we of The pneumatic cleaner will remove foreign materials that course know that the plant will be called on to handle a very are impossible to beat out, such as limb bark, fine pieces of large percentage of mechanically-harvested cotton, and in splintered stalk, or limb stick and the white shale. The cleaner cases where the cotton is harvested by hand, the cleaning is designed with two air chambers. The lint travels through problem is frequently just as great, and in some cases greater the inner chamber by suction, in a circular movement, as it than is the case with mechanically-picked cotton. In many passes through the cleaner, which causes material heavier cases the hand-harvested cotton is snapped; that is, all of than lint to sling out against the wall of the inner chamber. the burs are harvested with the cotton, and this brings on This wall has orifices of proper size and location to jet out a tougher extraction problem than is present when handling the foreign materials into the outer chamber. The air inlets mechanically-picked cotton. Spindle type pickers do not for the outer chamber are so designed to cause a circular harvest burs with the cotton, but they do accumulate with movement of air in the outer chamber similar to the action the cotton considerable quantities of leaf trash, grass, and in the inner chamber. As the foreign materials are jetted other foreign matter. Many combinations of machinery have through the orifice into the outer chamber, it is held against been tested for drying, cleaning, and ginning roughly har­ the outer wall to prevent it being sucked back through the vested cotton, which of course includes machine-picked cotton, orifices with the lint again. but after several years of experience it is generally recog­ The pneumatic cleaners do their best work with as low a nized that certain combinations are absolutely necessary for vacuum as you can have. That is, it is not advisable to best results. attempt to suck the lint long distances to the cleaner, causing Necessary combinations of equipment and sequence of a high vacuum through your cleaner. Best results are obtained operations are usually considered as follows: When cotton is where lint is dropped into cleaner from collector. If lint is first removed from trailer it is put through what is termed to be picked up from beater to cleaner, pipe size and velocity as the No. 1 major drying operation. From No. 1 major drier, of air are important. cotton is delivered by air to the No. 1 cylinder-type cleaner The trash and shale are removed from pneumatic cleaner by having six or more cylinders. It is felt that as many as small conveyor discharging through a plug, to seal off air. fourteen cleaning cylinders may be used advantageously at We are now building new machines for research work on this stage, and when more than seven cylinders are used, both seed and lint cleaning. Some of these machines will be it is usually accomplished by using two cylinder-type cleaners ready for testing within the very near future. in series. Air which carries cotton from No. 1 major drier to this first cleaner, or cleaners, is separated from the cotton at TODAY’S MODERN GINNING this point either by passing cotton through a conventional Mr. D. D. Day, Vice President separator, which in turn discharges into the cylinder-type The Murray Company of Texas, Inc. cleaners, or the air is discharged through the screens under Dallas, Texas cylinders in cleaners. I feel that it is highly preferable to discharge this trash and moisture-laden air at this point “Today’s Modern Ginning” is a subject that would afford through the screens of cleaners, thereby getting a very bene­ material for a very lengthy discussion, or series of discus­ ficial air-wash cleaning job. It must be remembered that when sions; however, I will confine my remarks to what I consider air at this point is discharged through a separator w hich in the most important factors. turn drops cotton into cylinder type cleaners, that cleaner The actual ginning of cotton— that is, the removal of lint cylinders are in this case only operating as gravity cleaners; from the seed — has not changed in principle for a long, long whereas, when air at this point is exhausted through screens time, but it has materially changed in recent years in the under cleaning cylinder, we secure the cleaning effect ot April' 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 31

6000 cu. ft. of air per minute, or more, as this air passes but lint cleaners capable of performing an adequate job at th ro u g h screens under cleaning- cylinders. Since the cotton is this point in the process are very necessary. being agitated, opened, and turned over at each cylinder, Pressing equipment has been greatly improved and made much m o r e effective cleaning is accomplished. much heavier in recent years. The pressing unit, including Following discharge of No. 1 cleaner or cleaners referred press box assembly, tramper and pump, now weighs approxi­ to cotton is passed into one or two master extractors and mately 50 per cent more than presses which were furnished each machine is usually 14 feet long. One of these machines just a few years ago. Press boxes have been made longer and usually has sufficient capacity for a battery of five modern stroke of trampers have been materially increased so as to ■n stands, but by using two machines arranged in parallel, give additional charging chamber capacity. All of these de­ and dividing cotton so that half the volume goes through velopments were of course made necessary by faster ginning. each machine, it is found that cleaning effectiveness in the Well trained and efficient press crews using modern equip­ bur extractors is materially increased. This is only reason­ ment have been able to tie out cotton at rate of up to 15 able' when volume of cotton passing through each machine bales per hour. is less, strippers can be operated more closely to saw drum, Another pressing development perfected in recent years is giving' improved extracting and cleaning efficiency. I would the standard density gin compress. Most of these units use like to point out at this time that tests have proven to my three rams of approximately 9%-inch diameter and operate satisfaction that two master bur extractors operating in at maximum pressure of approximately 2500 pounds. Most of series at this point is not the most desirable application. Do these presses have boxes 20x54 inches instead of conventional not however, confuse the recommended use of two 14-foot 27x54-inch boxes. Most of these three-ram presses are built extractors in pai-allel with installation using two similar with boxes considerably longer than boxes of the standard machines in series, w hich causes cotton to pass through one 27x54-inch press. Boxes are made longer so that cubic area of the machines and then continue through the second of the press box is approximately the same as conventional machine. 27x54-inch press box, which means that the 20x54-inch box After cotton leaves the master extractor or extractors, it has to be built correspondingly longer. is highly important that at this point No. 2 major drying Three-ram gin compresses as now produced are entirely application be used. By using second major drying applica­ practical and it is felt they will gradually come into use in tion, it is possible to do a satisfactory drying job with lower larger numbers. Bales turned out by these presses require temperature in No. 1 drier than is the case when second roughly one-half the storage space of that required by con­ major drying application is not used. It must also be remem­ ventional flat bales. These press units must of necessity be bered that as cotton leaves trailers — especially mechanically- constructed of very heavy materials and complete units harvested cotton — it is freq u en tly m atted to the extent that weigh approximately twice — and in some cases more than some of the cotton, when passing through No. 1 drier, is not twice — what the conventional press unit weighs. intimately treated by hot air in this drier. This particular cotton, after passing through No. 1 cleaning operation follow­ No particular problems have been encountered in operation ing fii'st drier, and after passing through master extractor of these gin compresses except that pumping equipment used or extractors, is then separated, opened up, and in a single­ must be capable of performing the pressing cycle in approxi­ lock condition, which results in actually having wet or moist mately two minutes, or not more than two and one-half cotton present at this point. Unless cotton is at this point minutes, if the gin plant is to be operated at reasonably high treated to second major drying application, it causes undue capacity. Additional development work is being carried out trouble when passing through remaining processes, in addi­ at the present time to biing about faster and more efficient tion to causing the finished product to have rough or ma­ pumping equipment for these installations. chined appearance. Another important advantage gained by Another unit that has been used in a very small way is use of No. 2 major drier is because of the second volume of the automatic sampler. This unit probably has good possi­ 6000 cu. ft. per minute, or more, of air used in carrying bilities, but because of the very nature of this unit and the cotton through and from No. 2 major drying operation and work it performs, widespread use of this device must await into the series of cleaning cylinders following master extrac­ educational work with the cotton merchandising industry. tion operation and second drying operation. I would like to You have probably heard of — and in some cases may be stress that for best performance and results, two-stage major familiar with — a unit that has been developed to a large drying is a “ m ust.” extent on the West Coast, and I refer to the automatic feed control device. This is a unit which works directly under the Following second major drying operation, cotton should be first separator receiving cotton from trailers and controls in discharged into and passed through not less than 14 cylinders of cleaning. This cleaning is identical to that received in No. a regulated stream seed cotton which passes thi’ough all preparatory drying, cleaning and extracting equipment, 1 cleaners which follow first drier. Even though very low above, or prior to, distributor. temperatures are carried in second major drying operation, the air-wash cleaning accomplished in No. 2 installation of This automatic feed control device will regulate flow of cylinder-type cleaner will pay large dividends. seed cotton through preparatory drying and cleaning equip­ ment so that only a very small amount o f cotton will pass Following No. 2 installation of cylinder-type cleaners, into the overflow pen. By controlling flow of cotton through cotton is of course delivered to distributor and on into all preparatory equipment, it will enable this equipment to extractor-feeders mounted over gin stands. Great strides have perform its best possible work and will also greatly reduce been made in recent years in the improvement of extractor- possibility of chokes in this equipment. Chokes are some­ cleaner-feeders. Machines we now recommend have four times caused by slugging equipment when the telescope extracting saw cylinders, plus five cleaning cylinders with operator feeds cotton entirely too fast. These units are now the necessary reclaimer saws, brushes, strippers, etc. This in production and can be secured for installation in most machine is much heavier and more rugged than those used cotton ginning outfits. a tew years ago and is especially designed for handling rough cotton harvested by modern methods. Capable operating personnel for cotton ginning plants is a major problem. Gin plants operate on seasonal basis and Following extractor-feeders, cotton is discharged into the we recognize it is difficult to retain trained personnel on gin stands, and I have referred to increased efficiency of twelve-month basis, but I am thoroughly convinced means nese units earlier. I would, however, like to stress the im­ must be worked out for retaining such personnel if operating portance of the gin stand in the complete installation. It is troubles are to be reduced to the point they should be. ine heart of the outfit; and without the best, most modern ana most efficient gin stands, the remainder of a very ex­ The cotton ginning plant of today is a real processing pensive gin plant cannot and will not perform at its best, plant. It has ceased to be small business and is now big ■f ° est class of work, and most certainly will not business. When values of products passing through a cotton eta ^ m.aximuin hourly capacity. In our case, gin ginning plant are considered, it simply does not make sense ,s being furnished in 1953 weigh 45 per cent more than that the operation of these plants should be entrusted to hnilt S we have furnished in recent years. It is a precision anyone other than capable and trained personnel. Manufac­ iippp m^chine with about three times the machine work turers of cotton ginning machinery, recognizing the need for mnrlfiSaiT+ in building this gin as compared to our former better and more thoroughly trained personnel, are taking of tr • ■S more capacity, cleans seed better at all rates steps to assist in the education and training of such person­ ls more easily operated, and is much safer for nel. In several states, schools were held in 1952 and many operating personnel. more will be held during the current year. The State Exten­ sion Services and Ginning Specialists of U. S. Department of stands, lint cleaners are used in practically Agriculture have been putting a great deal of effort into this ohtairf i i OIls and are necessary if best results are to be matter and manufacturers of cotton ginning machinery are eral h handling mechanically-harvested cotton. Sev- doing everything possible to assist in this work and make it theiv ?es ° cleaners are in use and all of them have more effective. I am sure that a great deal more will be advantages when compared, one type against the other, heard of this movement in the future. Page 32 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

A great many of you gentlemen are associated with com­ eration. Many times old expeller operators are a hindrance for panies which own and control large numbers of cotton they know, or think they know, just what type of material ginning plants. You will most certainly do your company a is required for delivery to the solvent plant. Take first thine-s good service by stressing the importance of having these gin first and start your training at the bottom of the heap. plants staffed with capable personnel. You will also have This continuous operation philosophy embodies another im fewer headaches with your milling operations if the seed portant consideration, that o f maintenance. O f prime impor' reaching your plants is ginned by efficient personnel who tance is standardization of parts. Standards of such parts as consistently make every effort to gin cotton in the best motors, drive sprockets and sheaves, valves, yes, and even nuts possible manner, as it affects samples of lint produced, and and bolts, will not only save on stock and inventory, but more as it affects quality of seed which reaches you, especially in important, shutdown time. We’ve found another great time relation to foreign matter left in the seed. and material saver by the simple installation of an automatic Summing up the ginning of cotton — it is simply a highly centralized lubrication system. It helps eliminate the human important step in the processing of one of the most valuable element which causes many breakdowns. A third maintenance and profitable crops produced in our country. More progress consideration which applies to both solvent and expeller has been made in the ginning of cotton in the last ten years operation is planned maintenance shutdowns at periodic inter­ than had been made in many years prior to that time. Manu­ vals. We call it preventive maintenance in deference to the facturers of cotton ginning machinery are sparing no expense “ run her till she busts” attitude prevalent in many mills. to further improve equipment and operating techniques, and I’d like to touch lightly on one other compositive factor you have my assurance that these efforts toward improve­ relating to prepress solvent extraction which to me is the ment will continue. overwhelm ing argum ent in its favor. This factor is versatility. We are approaching a time when cotton farming may not SOLVENT AND PRE-PRESSING OVER EXPELLERS be the predominate agricultural econom y o f this productive Mr. E. Hudson, Superintendent state of California. Think then of the advantage of having Ranchers Cotton Oil Co. a mill embracing the qualities of both expellex- and solvent Fresno, California operation, either combined or separate, which is capable of Since Hal Crossno needled me at a social affair several processing both high and low oil beax-ing crops. months ago, at which time the title of this address was We at Ranchers Cotton Oil have processed a great variety originated, I’ve had time to do considerable thinking. Upon of materials. We have been more fortunate than most mills, more sober reflection I realized that I was perhaps ill quali­ in that we started operation with a solvent plant and after fied to make a comparison between prepress solvent mills several years digressed to px*epress solvent extraction. We, and expeller mills because of my complete lack of experience therefox-e, had not only this new concept of operation but had with expeller mills. A visit with my good friend and neigh­ also developed to a high degree the initiative of many of our bor, K. B. Smith, of Producers Cotton Oil Company, an ex­ employees, since each new product had called fo r a new set peller mill, only served to emphasize to me the relative o f i-ules and ideas. W ith this background we started into the advantages of prepress solvent extraction with which most oil extraction of cotton seed not knowing the many things of you are familiar, namely, a greater yield of a higher that could not be done. We feel that in the past two years quality oil, and a by-product of lighter colored meal. we have made some tremendous stx-ides in an industx-y which However, one pertinent fact appears which may be of in many instances has been content to get along as benefit to those of you contemplating operation of a prepress gx-andpa did. solvent extraction plant. This fact deals with a new philos­ I would like to spend a few minutes in a verbal tour of our ophy of operation and is the subject around which I shall base installation and point out a few of the things we are doing. this talk. To understand it you must first understand some I understand we ax’e to hear later of considerations of outside basic facts concerning the solvent extraction process itself. seed storage, but since here is where Califox-nia Oil Mill First, let me dispel one misconception. Many people in and operation begins, I must say in passing that we are sold on associated with the industry throw up their hands at the mere the use of tai’paulins for outside seed cover along with the mention of solvent extraction and will have nothing to do use of thei’mocouples and a pyrometer for measuring seed with such a complicated piece of potential destruction, while temperatures within a pile. In one corner of our small seed others are just curious. True, in the inception of this process house we have two six-foot-high “V” shaped bins built into thei’e were several potential kegs of dynamite, some of which the seed tunnel. Seed is fed from these bins by special screws, still exist, but the modern plants on the market today are the speed of which is controlled from the lint room. This not safer than the average gasoline filling station. only permits pexfect contx-ol of seed being fed to the linters, but also any desix-ed mixture of wet and dry seed during the The solvent extraction process embodies most of the unit wet season. Seed next travels to the cleaning room where we processes of chemical engineering, the basic understanding have installed tw o cotton dx'iei’s used fo r dx*ying the lint on of which is desirable before attempting to operate such a wet seed and also are so clothed as to sex-ve as boll reels. plant. The process actually is composed of a group of unit From here the seed travels through screw conveyors with processes, each successive unit of which is dependent on the pex-forated metal bottoms which remove sand and leaf trash. preceding unit in som e particular. Therefore, a flow of Our Bauer cleaners are mounted at floor level, affording clear operation or balance is required. Considerable time is required vision o f the top tx-ay and facilitatin g easy cleaning of to attain this balance, depending largely on the character­ sci’eens. In the lint room much experimental work has been istics of the material in process, which in turn are governed done which has resulted in some of the best lint produced in by such factors as moisture, tempei-ature, solvent, steam, the countxy. For basic considex-ation of factors involved I’d cooling water, surface tensions and plastic limit. A solvent like to call your attention to Reseax-ch Report No. 31, dated plant, therefore, cannot be stopped and started at every whim N ovem ber 1951, published by the Texas Engineex’ing Experi­ of the operating staff. Herein lays the basic difference in ment Station, by Dick Piner and Cecil Wamble. operating philosophy and planning. Individual units of the process ax’e not duplicated as in a straight expeller mill. When In the sepai’ating departm ent we have installed vaxiable the extractor unit fails, for example, it stops the entire feeders on each huller which is vexy impox-tant for good operation and is not simply “Hey, Joe — Cut back the feed; protein control. High capacity expeller operation has been No. 6 Expeller just kicked out!” nicely discussed by two engineers of the V. D. A nderson Company in an ai'ticle of the same title in the Many units of the solvent process can be stopped for short December 1952 issue of the Journal of the American Oil periods of time providing adequate surge facilities have been Chem ists Society. The three principles discussed apply equally to pre­ installed and providing the balance of the remaining units is press operation and remove any doubt as to the high capaci­ kept intact. Only trained personnel, trained by experience, ties being announced by several mills, ours being among them, can cope with the many little problems involved. Since trouble who ax’e using these principles. They are (1) High moistuie in many cases is the avenue to experience, most new solvent cooking, (2) H igher sh aft speeds, and (3 ) New arrangements plant installations experience a good deal of trouble when first starting up. While a formal chemical engineering back­ of woxins on shafts. ground is desirable, anyone who is willing to learn and In the solvent plant we have woxked out several different possesses patience, initiative, mechanical aptitude and indus­ approaches to common problems. These are, namely, a plug try can be trained to be a good operator. Three of the best mechanism whose capacity is positive, and a l i n e a x * function operators in the country are here today, the Shift Foremen of speed, an initial flake wetting and cooling cycle of our mill. Their formal education began the day they were flakes enter the extraction column, and a method of hand i g hired and though their combined experience in solvent extrac­ vast quantities of fines which in the case of some matell tion totals over twenty years, all three are still learning. is paramount. We are now expei'imenting oxi some new oa Many companies are too impatient when first starting up refining principles. As to the question of “what and fail to consider the time required to develop experience extinction process is best?” I think you’ll find the ans and train personnel to this new philosophy of continuous op­ well defined in an ax-ticle by R. P. Hutchins o f the Frenc ApriL 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 33

Mill Machinery Company in the February issue again of the result that garnett operators, who in the past have had only Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society. He concludes limited odor problems, are today wrestling with some rather his article, “The Solvent Extraction of Cotton Seed,” by unexpected odors for which they are not prepared. saying in part: Sisal, which comes from Mexico and other Central Ameri­ “There are three commercially proven methods of sol­ can countries, and jute, which comes from India and Pakistan, vent-extracting cotton seed. They are prepress and extract, are not only odorous in themselves but acquire a rare assort­ extract raw cottonseed flakes, and extract cooked cotton­ ment of additional foreign odors resulting from the manner seed meats. Each of these methods of processing has ad­ in which they are handled, stored, and shipped. In addition, vantages and disadvantages compared to the others. A bacterial and fungus decay play their part in imparting comparison of installation cost, operating costs, extraction undesirable odors to these products. efficiency, and product quality has been made. The conclu­ Here again the mattress, upholstery and textile industry sion is drawn that the best method o f extraction fo r an for years has attempted to mask these odors, but has found individual mill depends upon what equipment is available.” to their chagrin that even potentially pleasant odors become As you have probably gathered, the aforementioned ideas offensive in large concentrations. are not strictly products of our own imagination. They are a Because the industry is composed of so many small units, culmination, of ideas from three sources. First of all, many there has been very little cooperative research. We have of them came from literature written in trade magazines. probably done more work on their odor problems than the Secondly, we rarely visit another mill without gaining some industry has done itself at any time in the past several years. knowledge. And lastly, new ideas are submitted in our own organization in a suggestion incentive plan. Osmix Specification No. 100 is an oil base odor counter­ actant. It is designed to be applied to cotton, jute, sisal, hair, We feel that to stay out of the red ink in these times of wool products, and practically all the products used in up­ increasing labor rates and the possible return to free market­ holstering and home furnishings by the spray method. ing channels for our products, many more ideas such as those mentioned here must be forthcom ing. W hether yours is an For operators having garnett equipment, it will be found, expeller plant or a solvent plant many o f the same principles in most applications, that spray equipment is already installed apply. A closer coordination between Superintendents of in the bale breaker for the purpose of spraying oil on the various mills is one of the methods these new ideas can be cotton or sisal to correct the dust problem associated with disseminated throughout the industry and so we would like the processing of these products. Compressed air is used for to invite any Superintendent present here to come pay us a atomization and the material is sprayed directly into the visit and we will do likewise. tumbled material. In these applications the amount of dust control used in spraying depends upon the type of operation, INFORMATION ON AIRKEM’S OSMIX 100 FOR CUSTOM but will usually run one gallon to 1200 or 1400 pounds of MATTRESS AND UPHOLSTERY ODOR PROBLEMS cotton or jute processed. Airkem’s Osmix 100 is added directly Mr. J. Von Bergen, Director of Research to the oil at the rate of two gallons of Osmix 100 to fifty Airkem, Inc. gallons of process oil. New York, New York Where spray equipment is not available, or where the operations do not include garnetting, Airkem’s Osmix 100 (This is not the exact speech as presented at the West can be applied very simply by the following method: In up­ Coast meeting, but Mr. Von Bergen’s talk was all based on holstery shops, Airkem’s Osmix 100 may be sprayed directly, the information contained in the following article.) by use of a “flit gun” on the cotton batting, sisal, jute or Airkem, the pioneer in modern odor-counteraction, now fiber layers, as they are being built up prior to tying in. In offers mattress maker's and upholstery furniture m anufac­ many applications a small portable air compressor and spray turers a proven way to eliminate customer complaints due gun are used for spraying Airkem Osmix 100 dii'ectly on the to offensive product odors in cotton, jute and sisal, and material with one, two or three passes in the same general allied products. way that spray painting is done. In the manufacture of, or Costly customer complaints due to these inherent odors in use of cotton batting, the material may be sprayed on the fibrous materials add a serious handicap to the hard-working finished batting as it is being processed, prior to shipping, operator who is trying to m anufacture a quality product at or prior to using. a reasonable profit. Odors which are unnoticeable in the Finished merchandise may be treated by using a spray factory may become very noticeable in the showroom, the needle attached to a flit gun or spray nozzle. This method of furniture department, and the hom e; in fact, w herever poor application is advised only under conditions where merchan­ air circulation and humidity combine. These odors come to dise must be treated in the home, or where it is returned to you inherent in the materials you receive and are ever ready the factory and it is desirable to avoid stripping the fabric to emerge and offend under the proper conditions. from the frame. It is much better to make a 100 per cent One customer complaint in 1,000 pieces of finished mer­ application on all materials prior to assembling in order to chandise sold is usually more costly than Airkem odor insur­ avoid the extensive work required when a customer makes a ance. Airkem’s Osmix 100 will reduce rejects on finished return. goods, reduce material scrap or rejected bales, reduce the On standard direct conveyor type continuous applications, amount of supervision needed for material blending, and we recommend one gallon of Osmix 100 to 15,000 or 20,000 improve customer relations by assuring against odor com­ pounds of cotton. If the manufacturer is processing only plaints from either the wholesale or retail levels. 20,000 pounds of cotton a month or approximately 1,000 In the case of cotton linters one of the most troublesome pounds a day, it is of course very difficult to arrange to spray odors harassing the industry arises from a type of combustion such a small amount (1/20 of a gallon) a day. In applica- typical only of cotton linters. Cotton linters are the short, tions of this nature we recommend use of from a pint to fuzzy fibers found attached to the cotton seed after the a quart of material a day in the spraying application. Good initial ginning process. In modern plants the cotton seed and judgment on the job will be the best way of determining the their linters are stored for further processing in specially amount to use, and by the simple procedure of spraying a designed silos which are so arranged that danger of combus­ few pieces of equipment it is easy to determine the approxi­ tion is kept to the minimum. But, in Russia and other foreign mate amount of spraying which should be done. countries as well as in some pai'ts of the South the cotton Sufficient Airkem Osmix 100 should be sprayed on the seeds and linters are heaped on the ground in great mounds material so that after an interval of 20 or 30 minutes the and stored in the open. Combustion created by the pressure of tracer odor of the Airkem Osmix 100 is slightly predominant. such great weight breaks out in various spots in these storage Within 24 to 48 hours this tracer odor will disappear, and the neaps and, although it does not burst into flame or explode, assembly should be permanently odor free. Very odorous !t creates intense heat which in turn chars large areas of materials will require more Osmix 100 in almost direct ratio seeds and linters. Linters exposed to this kind of combustion to the intensity of the odor. aie not only somewhat discolored, but they take on a heavy, undesirable, sour odor. The proper application of Osmix 100 on mattress materials will not result in oil staining covers. The use of the needled h ^he. Past, mattress makers have tried to handle this injecture, however, does result in a stray drop or two which aracteristic sour odor by dilution, i.e., mixing the tainted may damage the covering on finished goods. For this purpose inters with clean, odorless cotton. In addition they have often we have available Osmix Specification 130 (clear) for appli­ esorted to perfumes or other masking agents, none of which cation when an oil base is objectionable. Osmix 130 (clear) is ave been satisfactory. Under normal conditions buyers of a water soluble formulation containing essentially the same otton linters try to pick and choose in order to insure that ingredients as Osmix 100. Although we recommend the 100 ey receive only odorless linters. But, in times like these, for most applications where there is a serious objection to an ti •Jnailu^ac^urei‘ is in a position to exercise too much selec- oil base formulation, Osmix 130 (clear) can be used. When Vlty. In fact, they pretty much take what they get with the there is danger of spotting a fabric, order Osmix 130 (clear) Page 34 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

Do not confuse Airkem’s Osmix 100 with the various kinds doesn’t happen— it has to be planned. Com pare the accident of perfumes that have been offered in the past with very- statistics for industry with those of home or public. Why has unhappy results. Airkem’s odor counteraction will work where industry such a good comparative standing ? perfume will fail. Airkem’s Osmix 100 has over two years of Industry has done more to further and advance the safety successful field experience with such companies as Allen movement. In the early years this was done from a more or Industries, the Simmons Company, Burkhart Sisal and other less selfish reason; to be able to get insurance and to get it prominent manufacturers in the field. To prove to yourself at the cheapest rate. N ow I am happy to state that industry that the material is effective, order a gallon or two from not only looks at the economical side of this picture, but also your nearest Airkem representative and make the application at the humanitarian. on the most odorous material that you can find. Even though you feel that you do not have any odorous material in the With the knowledge industry has gained in the past in plant at the present time, it is well to have a gallon of accident prevention it should be industry’s goal not only to re­ material available as an insurance against odorous conditions duce accidents in industry itself, but to use its experience in arising. reducing accidents in the home and in public. The individual employee must be made more safety conscious in order to The cost of applying Osmix 100 is extremely low. On gar- reduce accident frequency in industry. If this is accomplished nett machines where there is a continuous flow of material, a definite reduction in home and public accidents can be the cost is less than 20 cents per 1,000 pounds of cotton expected. processed. This is the most reasonable form of insurance against odor complaints either in plants or by customers that The simplest and most effective safety program that can we know of. On upholstered furniture and the custom building be inaugurated in any industry is that based on the thor­ of mattresses, the entire treatment will cost from approxi­ ough investigation of accidents for the express purpose of mately 1 cent to 7 cents per unit, depending on the material prevention of recurrence. It is so simple that it is most often used and the intensity of the basic odors. overlooked while searching for some magic way to eliminate all accidents right now. You benefit in this way: A supervisor cannot hope to prevent accidents unless he 1. Airkem’s Osmix 100 insures maintenance of uniform recognizes causes. The cause of an accident is something very high quality odor free products. definite, either lack of education, lack of engineering (me­ 2. It reduces rejects on finished goods. chanical or human), or lack of enforcement. These are the 3. It reduces material scrap and rejected bales. three fundamentals of any good safety program—Engineer­ 4. It eliminates the need for separation and storage of ing, Education and Enforcement. odor graded products. When an accident does occur it is an indication that some­ 5. It reduces the amount of supervision needed for cotton thing has gone wrong, that somebody failed to do his job in mixing. the proper way, or that some unsafe condition existed. It is 6. It improves working conditions within the plant. impossible to have an accident without the lack of one of 7. It improves customer relations by assuring against odor the three basic principles listed above. It is also impossible complaints from either wholesale or retail levels. to take proper steps to prevent recurrence until accident 8. It can be put to work immediately without any installa­ causes are determined. tion or maintenance costs. When an accident does occur all the facts about the acci­ Airkem’s Osmix 100 is priced at $7.00 a gallon in four dent should be secured by the supervisor. Although he usually gallon cases. For experimental purposes one gallon will be investigates only cases that require medical aid, he should ask shipped you at $7.25. For larger users Airkem’s Osmix 100 sufficient questions about first aid cases so as to determine is available in 25 gallon drums at $6.50 per gallon, FOB, the cause. Statistics show that the same set of circumstances New York City or Chicago, Illinois. occur about thirty times before someone is seriously injured. Investigation should be made as soon as possible after the NATIONWIDE ACCIDENT FACTS FOR 1951 accident. In interviewing witnesses or other employees, facts, Mr. R. A. Calhoun, Safety Engineer, not opinions, as to the cause should be obtained. It should be Industrial Indemnity Co., Los Angeles, Calif. well understood that the investigation is bein^ made to pre­ vent recurrence, not to affix blame. It is meaningless to state Total Accidental Deaths and Injuries “Carelessness” as to the cause of an accident unless it can be (Statistics from the National Safety Council) determined wherein the individual or individuals were care­ 1. Occupational: 16,000 Fatals— Non-Motor Vehicle 14,000 less. Fatals, Motor Vehicle 2,000 Fatals; 2,100,000 persons were Constructive action is the next most important step be­ injured in industry. cause, regardless of all the good intentions and all the data 2. Home': 28,000 Fatals, Non-Motor Vehicle 27,700 Fatals, in the world about accidents, unless remedial action is taken, Nonoccupational Motor Vehicle 300 Fatals; 4,200,000 persons we have not accomplished anything as respects accident pre­ were injured in home accidents. vention. 3. Public: 50,000 Fatals— Nonoccupational and Non-Motor Corrective action is the process of getting things done. It is Vehicle 15,000 Fatals, Nonoccupational Motor Vehicle 35,000 the same, whether we are talking about production or acci­ Fatals; 1,230,000 pei'sons were injured in public places. dent prevention. It is a proven fact that accident prevention 4. Motor Vehicle: (Included in above figures) 37,300 Fatals and production go hand in hand. —Occupational 2,000 Fatals, Public Nonoccupational 35,000 Briefly, there are four principal methods available for ap­ Fatals, Home Nonoccupational 300 Fatals; 1,300,000 persons plying corrective measures: were injui-ed in motor vehicle accidents. Grand Total of all accidents, 1951: 9,400,000 injured; 95,000 1. My mechanical means. Fatals. 2. By proper placing of employees based on skill, knowl­ During the period from 1900 to 1913, the year of the formal edge and temperament. organization of the safety movement, a rate of 85 fatal acci­ 3. Proper education of employees in the safe way to do dents per 100,000 population prevailed. Using this rate as a their job. comparison for succeeding years, I have plotted the following 4. Enforcement brought about by proper counseling, mild chart, indicating a total of 500,000 lives saved through 1951: disciplinary measures or termination. Of the four methods listed above the principal one is edu­ Lives Saved (Thousands) cation. Statistics show that less than 15 per cent of all inju­ ries arising in industry could have been prevented by me­ chanical means. Eighty-five per cent are caused by lack of safety consciousness or human failure. By educating our workmen to safe practices we are attacking the source of 83 per cent of our industrial injuries. We are also im planting the idea of safe practices so firmly in the workman’s mind that he will carry the same ideas home, thereby improving our present poor accident record in the home. Not until an im­ provement is shown in home accidents can we expect to show a great improvement in our present industry record. Accident Prevention is good business; it is everybody’s busi­ Despite the tremendous accomplishments through the years, ness. Yes, you are your brother’s keeper. the accidental death toll still approaches 100,000 yearly. One Mr. R. A. Calhoun then introduced Mr. Norval M acDonald, household in five is touched by a serious accident. Nearly Safety Engineer, Industrial Indemnity Co., Fresno Division, every household is touched by some minor mishap. Safety Fresno, California, who presented the following: April/ 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 35

CALIFORNIA COTTON GINNERS’ ASSOCIATION As we understand it the Division of Industrial Safety is SAFETY COMMITTEE going to revise their General Industrial Safety Orders and when this is done cotton ginning will be given separate treat­ To All Members of the Cotton Ginners’ Association ment along these lines. In the meantime present gin guard­ G e n t le m e n : ing must meet at least the plan set forth in this letter and Hearings will be held on April 21, San Francisco, April 28 any further detail is to be covered by the General Industry at Los Angeles. Safety Orders. We understand that before new orders become As most of you know your committee on Cotton Gin Safety laws they must have the approval of the industry most con­ has had several meetings with men from the California Divi­ cerned. Meetings are arranged by the Division of Industrial sion of Industrial Safety in the past two years. The committee Safety for this purpose. As the ginning industry is centered has felt that the Safety Orders did not fit the needs of cotton in the San Joaquin Valley we are going to suggest that a gins at all points and have been trying to get laws set up meeting for the discussion of cotton gin safety orders be held that would save us time and money and at the same time add in Fresno where it will be easy for each organization to have to the safety on the job. a representative. We have been told that the Division will At a recent meeting in Bakersfield, Mr. Cole, industrial insist that we meet these minimum requirements now in supervising safety engineer of the Safety Division, attended order to operate legally and your committee believes them and the following tentative decisions were reached as to mini­ to be reasonable and practical enough for us to meet. mum safety standards: — Safety Committee, California Cotton Ginners’ Association. On the upper decks a standard railing will be considered CUTTING THE COST OF POWER a guard for both flat and “V” belt drives. This will be the requirement and if the individual gins prefer to Mr. G. P. Weishaar, Regional Manager, minim um The American Pulley Company, enclose the pulleys and belts completely they of course can continue to do so. A State drawing of a standard railing Philadelphia, Penna. guard accompanies this letter. Mr. Chairman, In. many gins the catwalk is not wide enough to allow an Members of the National Oil Mill extra railing to be installed at the legal distance (15 inches) Superintendents Association: from the belt drive. Probably the best thing in these cases Cutting the cost of power can be a very broad subject be­ is to widen the catwalk to allow for the extra rail. If the cause of the many types of power used in industry today. railing guard is not feasible we suggest a solid plate or screen Water power, steam, air, gas, hydraulic, diesel, and electric that would protect nip points, shafts or any place that could power all play their important role. It will probably not be cause injury. In addition to the safety of the men there is too long before we stai't talking about cutting the costs of the business or legal angle to consider because if a man is Atomic Power. hurt in an unguarded location the employer can become in­ The majority of Industrial equipment however uses elec­ volved in a serious and willful suit and is not protected by tric power, and it is the use of this power that I would like insurance against money awards. to discuss bi'iefly. All exposed sprocket and chain drives must be completely Basic power costs vary in different sections of the coun­ covered in any place. A state sketch is enclosed illustrating try. Some plants operate on a connected horsepower basis, guards. This applies to exposed drive shafts also. and others, the larger ones are billed for power on a “de­ Between flat belt drive gin stands simple barrier guards mand” basis. that prevent contact with the belt pulleys or shaft will be In either instance it is equally important that the applied the minimum requirement. On the new gin stands that are horsepower matches the driven machine requirements as “V” belt driven the nip points or bites between the pulley closely as possible. and “V” belt should be guarded, all in addition to barrier When paying for power on a connected horsepower basis, guards. it costs more to have motors twice as large as necessary to Gin stand saws shall be guarded with an interlocking device operate the equipment, and by the same token, if motors are or a plate or bar type of guard fixed so that the ginner cannot not reasonably well loaded on a “demand” rate basis, the easily get his hand into the bottom of the saws. plant power factor drops, and a penalty is assessed. It is actually better practice to slightly overload motors (up to All saws will have to be guarded as closely as possible. On 10%) and thus operate with a high power factor. the gin stands a plate hinged to the inner rib rail so that the ginner would not inadvertently get caught in the saw would Your local Power Company engineers can make necessary suffice. This can be a plate or grid and is not costly to in­ recommendations for improvement on this phase of power costs. stall. This practice will vary with the different makes of gin stands. However, there is more to power costs than the basic charge for power itself. I would like to submit some thoughts Lint cleaner saws shall be guarded with bar type guards on the importance of properly transmitting this power from that will make it impossible for the men to get their hands the motor to the driven machine—of USING, not DISSI­ in the saws. The guards shall be bolted on the stand. It has PATING the full applied horsepower. been suggested that the manufacturers of the saw type clean­ Efficient Mechanical Power Transmission will z’esult in ers arrange to have these guards made up, approved and sent lower initial power costs, plus maximum use of the power- to the gins from a local supply point. The drive mechanism, transmitted in terms of higher production. pulleys, sprockets, etc., will have to be guarded against con­ What is EFFICIENT Power Transmission ? tact. Webster defines “efficiency” in mechanical terms as: “the Fans, bur machines, etc., on the ground floor can be guard­ ratio of EFFECT PRODUCED to the ENERGY EX­ ed with standard railing guards as a minimum requirement. PENDED.” Main drives whether flat or “V” belt can be guarded with a In short, it means, getting the most out of the power you standard railing. In the case of a group of drives one standard pay for. railing or enclosure will be considered a guard provided the Now let us reflect a moment on the various types of mod­ enclosure is complete and the distances regulation. Where the ern Mechanical Power Transmission. rails are too close to the pulleys a solid plate can be put on Most Industrial equipment is driven by one of the following the rail. This is tentative and it may be necessary later to methods. put nip point guards on main “V” belt drives but we would 1. Direct connected or coupled. want the railings in any case so the money for them would 2. Belt driven— either flat or “V.” be well spent. 3. Chain driven. Counter weights will be guarded as in the past. 4. Gear driven— either open or enclosed. On tramper gates a locking device that keeps the door- 5. A combination of the above using jackshafts. closed while the tramper is in motion will be required. The selection of the proper horsepower motor to handle We believe an effort should be made to get the growers the driven load is, of course, the first step in saving power. to put ladders or a handy way of climbing inside the new Next, the selection of the proper method and type of drive. cotton trailers. We believe also that as trailer tongues drop- High speed drives are generally more efficient if they can P'ng on our men’s feet is a fertile source of accident and in­ be coupled direct. surance cost to us that an effort should be made to correct When belt drives are used, it is highly important to select Mus also, the proper belt drive, be it flat or “V.” Although “V” belts All screw seed conveyors at ground level will have to be are an ideal short center individual drive, and undoubtedly guarded or fenced so the men cannot get their feet caught. the accepted “high speed drive in industry today, it does not These are the salient facts that were covered in our recent automatically mean they are the most efficient drive under- meeting and we believe the variations from the old rigid all circumstances. guard standards will mean better operating practice, less cost Actually, under certain conditions, a properly engineered and equivalent safety for cotton ginners. flat belt drive may be more efficient than a “V” drive. Page 36 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

Again, one “V” belt drive may be more efficient than an­ But get back a block, roll it up to 50 miles per hour, and other “V” drive for a given horsepower, because of selected hit the pole, and down it goes like a straw’. sheave sizes, belt speed, centers, etc. Was the impact 100 HP? 200 HP? 300 HP? All factors must be considered to obtain top efficiency. No. It was probably closer to 10,000 HP instantaneously. Belt speed—sheave diameters—type of load—hours of opera­ Impact loads are difficult to calculate. They wind up to tion, and surrounding machine conditions. There are many many many times the applied load, depending on the time possible combinations that may do the job, but there is al­ element of the impact itself. ways ONE that is the most efficient. A normal size man can develop 40,000 pounds of impact For example, there is an “ideal” speed for a “V” belt: 3600 with a 5 pound ball peen hammer. He can develop 1,000,000 feet per minute. There are minimum recommended diameters pounds impact with a sledge hammer. for various section sheaves. There are recommended belt sec­ So a larger set o f gears will not necessarily be protection tions for different horsepower and speed motors. against failure under jam or impact loads. They will be pro­ In too many cases Power is wasted and precious production tection against 100 per cent overload, but normal electrical is lost in RPM’s due to slippage. Also maintenance problems protection—the heaters in the overload relays should give are increased because of improper selection of the drive. that protection, if the drive is properly selected. How much slippage and creep is in the average “V” belt To properly protect against jam or impact loads, some drive ? method of instantaneous overload release should be em­ The most conservative tests show 4 per cent. This is not ployed. There are many such devices available, and are rela­ difficult to understand, because belts are made of cord and tively inexpensive. rubber. They stretch under load, and when they stretch they It is much more important to select an efficient “type” of become loose, and when they are loose, they slip. Frequent gear rather then an oversize gear. maintenance checks on belt tension or automatic belt ten­ For example, cut gears are more efficient than cast gears. sioning devices will improve this condition. Gears mounted in anti-friction bearings run more efficiently How accurate is the pitch line of “V” belt? than in plain bearings. Compact enclosed alloyed steel gears It is a “nominal pitch line,” or approximate pitch line. are more efficient than open gears and jackshafts. Spur Belt manufacturers will acknowledge the fact that the or helical gears are more efficient than worm gears. Now pitch line of a belt may change under load, and cause a all these types undoubtedly have their particular useful ap­ speed variation of as much as 4 per cent. Also the pitch line plication, such as worm gears at very low' speed—but worn may vary by brand of belt. gears are very inefficient. (AGMA Recommended Practices How much power does it take to wedge a “V” belt in a figure an efficiency loss of 50 per cent of the ratio on worm groove and take it out again— 1800 times a minute— on each gears. This means for every 10 HP input on a 50 to 1 ratio sheave ? About % of 1 per cent of the applied horsepower— unit— 25 per cent is lost and only 7% HP is delivered to the and more if belts are over tensioned. driven machine. 2% HP is burned up in friction and heat.) How much do electric motors vary in speed under full load? Friction losses in gears and bearings means burning up Motor manufacturers only guarantee motors to within 3 and dissipating horsepower. per cent of the full load speed shown on the nameplate. One of the most efficient types of gears used in industry This all means lost power, and lost production. is the single helical type, involute tooth form. It is excep­ The Cotton Textile Industry, probably one of the most com­ tionally high in efficiency, transmits high horsepower in petitive of all industry, is keenly alert to the importance of relatively small space, and is quiet in operation. efficient power transmission. Don’t be misled by the size or mounting of the housing It is a common saying in the industry, that the difference itself. of a few RPM’s on spinning, twisting, roving or carding, may A properly designed and rated alloyed steel gear, heat be the difference between profit and loss. treated, and running in proper lubricant, will transmit its Fixed pitch “V” sheaves are rarely used in the more mod­ rated horsepower or torque, whether it is in a gear housing em cotton mills today. Adjustable-diameter drive sheaves are mounted on the floor, or in a housing mounted on the end used to accurately control speed for optimum quality and of a motor, or in a housing mounted on the end of driven production. shaft. A gear does not know where it is. It only knows it has In fact, they are receptive to any improvement in drive a certain load to handle, and it will handle that load if efficiency that results in concrete savings. They are con­ properly applied, properly lubricated. stantly testing drives, checking machines to improve quality Shaft mounting of gears is not new— singularly. Big spur or production. gears have been mounted on shafts for years. Why not mount compact clusters of alloyed steel helical gears on the same As an example, I have seen many mills in the South that shaft ? have changed their spinning frames from lineshaft drives to It all simmers down to proper selection and application. individual flat belt drives. A few years later they changed So the thoughts I would like to leave with you are: to “V” belt drives, and now use adjustable diameter drives. 1. Select m otor horsepow er in relation to actual load re­ Each time either power was saved, production increased, quirements. quality improved, or all three. 2. Select EFFICIENT power transmission from the motor These important considerations in the selection of high to the driven machine. speed drives are equally important in selecting slower 3. Select the proper “ type” o f drive fo r the horsepower, speed drives, where torque loading is greater for a given speed, load, and hours of operation, whether direct connected, horsepower. belt, chain or gear driven. Here again, it is important to select the proper pitch chain, 4. Avoid underrated drives—it’s false economy. By the type and size sprocket, and follow recommended lubrication same token avoid overrated drives. They increase initial costs procedures. and consume extra power. Use overload release m echanism s Gear drives present a greater problem in slow speed appli­ for “unknown” loads. cations, because of the variety of makes and types, and the Lastly, follow manufacturers recommendations, and keep number of ratios involved to arrive at a particular low speed. abreast of new ideas and improvements in the mechanical It is not sound practice to use 3 HP gears on a 10 HP transmission of power. job operating 24 hours a day. Efficient Drives mean top production at minimum power It is equally unsound to install gears twice the necessary costs, or as Webster puts it, “THE EFFECT PRODUCED size on every drive. more closely matches the EFFORT EXPENDED.” The only correct procedure is to select gears to handle the Thank you. horsepower employed, for the type of load, and hours of Mr. Crossno then introduced the following s p e a k e r which operation. In this way maximum efficiency and performance due to the similarity and close connection with Mr. W e i s h a a r , is insured. he would now address the meeting. Installing oversize gears to handle normal shock or over­ Mr. R. W. Willis, Sales Manager, loads is good practice when done in accordance with the Edward D. Maltby Co., manufacturers recommendations. Los Angeles, Calif. Arbitrarily selecting oversize gears in hopes they will Back in 1929, here in San Francisco, a m anufacturer of handle possible jam or impact loads is another thing. power transmission and material handling equipm ent, ia- It is almost impossible to determine what size gear will m iliar with the troublesom e line shafting and jackshal handle jam or impact loads. Why? drives, mounted a set of gears on the output shaft of a hig Let me cite an example of an impact load, and let you speed motor and connected it to a slow speed machine as an decide for yourself. individual drive. Thus was born what we know today, as a Take an average automobile, rated at 100 horsepower, and gear-head motor. This man secured a patent on his device, put it up against a telephone pole. Put it in low gear, and after which he made the rounds of the major m anufacturers, try to push down the pole. It won’t budge. in an attempt to interest them in his invention. One by one April' 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 37 they turned him down, stating that it was not practical. time, they were all riding the crest of the gear motor, and Finally, the idea was adopted, and far from being impractical, were not interested in a shaft mounted reducer. The idea it proved to be the first major step toward individual drives was offered to the American Pulley Company, who recog­ in industry, and today, we accept individual drives as synony­ nized the advantages, developed the unit, and pioneered the mous with modernization and standardization. original shaft mounted American Reduction Drive. Along with this individual drive came the usual headaches By the end of 1948, American had in operation over 80,000 and problems, as example, plant engineers were more and units of which 99 per cent had been in continuous operation more recognizing the advantages of standardization and since their initial installation. Proof positive that this unit working toward that end. In designing a conveyor or elevator, also was practical. About this time, others recognized the ad­ it was possible to standardize on all of the parts such as vantages of this unit, and entered into competition with pulleys, bearings, shafting, etc., but they were still stymied American. Today, there are two other manufacturers in the when they came to the drive, since each conveyor must run field, and still others have announced their intention to enter at different speeds, or required different h.p. or different the field. type motors. As example, let’s take a look at what we really You have heard Mr. Weishaar, of American Pulley Com­ were up against. We have 60 cycle, 50 cycle, 25 cycle motors, pany, describe the folly of selecting oversize gears in the we have open, splash proof totally enclosed, explosion proof hope they will offer protection for jam or shock loads. He motors, we have single phase and 3 phase m otors, we have explained that this was impossible, since the instantaneous 10 to 15 different output speeds in gear motors, we have shock might build up to as much as 10,000 h.p. h.p. range from, say, % to 25, let’s stop and think of the Recognizing this fact, in 1949 American moved still farther total number of combinations necessary to cover the demands out in front in the slow speed drive field, with the announce­ of industry— let’s say 10 different h.p.s, 10 motor types, 10 ment of an automatic, instantaneous, positive, overload pro­ o u t p u t speeds, 3 classes of service or a total of 3000 differ­ tection device, to work in conjunction with the American shaft ent combinations, almost an impossible job to make a stand­ mounted reducer. This device brought to industry a complete ard unit. slow speed drive with built-in protection against jam or shock This meant that little could be done about standardized loads for both the driven equipment and the gear reducer. drives, each gearhead motor drive had to be pretty much Recognizing the necessity to keep pace with industry, Amer­ tailor made to fit the particular application. In addition to ican recently announced a completely new shaft mounted re­ this, since each drive was different, it was almost impossible ducer with a sturdy cast iron housing under the trade name to maintain proper stocks of repair parts, this meant long “Shaft King.” This new unit is available in 20:1 as well as down time in the event of failure while the tailor made drive the 13:1 ratio, with concentric input shaft and output hub, was being repaired. However, because the overall drive was both well above the oil level and an elimination of mechanical far superior to the old lineshaft or jackshaft drives, the in­ oil seal to completely eliminate a troublesome oil leakage dination was to overlook these inherent handicaps. There problem inherent in other designs, and use of split tapered was one man, however, who did not overlook them. bushings in all size units, making them as easy to install or Recognizing these handicaps, Mr. J. D. Christian, of J. D. remove as a standard V-belt sheave. Christian E ngineers, the sam e inventive genius who had I have heard Joe Christian say, that we will see the day fathered the gear-head m otor, m ade a statem ent, “ I married when the shaft mounted reducer will play the part in indus­ the gears to the motor, they are incompatible, it is time to try that the gear-head motor now plays, and truly, this is divorce them,” his reasoning must have been along these the position it deserves in this day when modernization and lines. If this shaft we want to turn was, let us say to be standardization go hand in hand, for no other drive in the turned at 300 r.p.m., we could do it without gears, and we market today offers a complete packaged drive where every probably would connect it to a high speed m otor with a feature, flexibility, ease of installation, compactness, reduced V-belt drive, with that, Mr. Christian simply took the gears down time, built-in overload protection and lower initial cost out of the gear-head motor and mounted them on the slow are standard equipment. speed driven shaft, thereby converting it to a high speed shaft, then connected them to a high speed motor by means SEED CLEANING of a V-belt drive, and thus was born the shaft mounted re­ Mr. A. Battenfield, Sales Engineer, ducer. Now, what to do about standardization. After a great Butters Manufacturing Co., deal of study, it was learned that the majority of slow speed Dallas, Texas drives in industry operate at speeds between 10 and 155 r.p.m. and up to 40 h.p. Knowing then that standard stock motors (Read by Mr. H. E. Wilson, due to illness of Mr. Battenfield) turn at 1800-1200 and 900 r.p.m., and knowing that stock V- Mr. Chairman, Officers, Ladies and Gentlemen: belt drives of any ratio up to the largest practical which is It is a pleasure to be with you and an honor to be on your about 6:1 are carried in stock anywhere in the country. program . A gear ratio of 13:1 was decided upon, since with the com­ In assigning me this subject of seed cleaning I was not told bination of these standard motor speeds, 13:1 gear ratio and which phase of it to discuss, therefore, I am not attempting stock V-belt drives, it is possible to get any output speed to tell you cottonseed oil mill operators how to clean seed from 10 to 155 r.p.m., and only seven sizes of reducers would because I do not know how, but I do know that we do not handle the entire range up to 40 h.p. It stands to reason that have adequate machinery to clean seed that has a very high with only seven sizes of one ratio, this gear unit also would be percentage of foreign matter, especially as found in bollie a standard production item. Now, by using only these seven seed. With this in mind my remarks will be directed toward sizes of reducers, standard stock motors with standard stock encouraging you to do something to improve this situation. V-belt drives, all available from stock anywhere in the coun­ try, the tailor made unit becomes a thing of the past. Seed cleaning has probably been discussed as much as any other step in processing cotton seed. In fact I doubt if there We now have all of the advantages of the individual drive, has ever been a meeting of this nature that seed cleaning plus standardization throughout. We have eliminated the was not on the agenda. This is probably due to it being very bugaboo o f a ta ilor m ade unit, and we have elim inated the important as well as the first step in processing. replacement parts problem, thereby eliminating 75 per cent of the down time in event of failui’e of either the motor or In reviewing various papers on seed cleaning over a long the gears, but we have other advantages. We have reduced period of time, I note that they all follow closely the same the possibility of breakdown by putting a V-belt drive be­ pattern or trend, this is of a necessity since there has been tween the high speed motor and the gear unit, thereby pro­ no material change or improvement in seed cleaning for at viding a cushioning effect against jam or shock loads. We least 20 years. I say this with due respect to the seed cleaner have increased the life of the gears and bearings by having manufacturers. They do turn out a pice looking and good the belts do the high speed work where they are at home, and mechanically operating machine. These discussions, or papers, operate at maximum efficiency, and having the gears do the have dealt with the same general items, such as shakers, slow speed work where they are at home, operate efficiently screens, aspirators, sand and boll reels, etc., which, for all with greatly reduced wear for the gears as well as the bear­ practical purposes are the same as they were a quarter of a ings. We have eliminated the need for special foundations century back. necessary to m ount a gear-head m otor, and we have provided This equipment did a good job 25 years ago when all cotton flexibility never before dreamed of. In a matter of minutes, was hand picked and the seed were free from foreign matter the unit can be dismounted from one shaft and assembled on —except for some sand or dirt which is very easily removed. another. In a matter of minutes, one V-belt sheave can be But with the coming of the mechanically picked cotton and changed, thereby changing the speed of the driven machine bollie seed which have a lot of sticks, stems, shale, etc., the or the belt drive can be of the variable speed type. We have present seed cleaning machinery scarcely touches the surface, ;l unit that can be mass produced, which means a reduction so to speak, as all of your superintendents and operators will jn cost. Armed with all of these advantages, Mr. Christian, verify. By actual analysis the present equipment removes again made the rounds of the major manufacturers, by this only a small percentage of this type of foreign matter. Page 38 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

In my opinion the seed cleaning department is years be­ action, and the pump casing, which directs the liquid to the hind other departments. It seems to me that there has been impeller and leads it away under a higher pressure. a very little amount of experimenting and research in this The im peller is mounted on a shaft, supported by bearings department as compared with other departments, conse­ and driven through a flexible or rigid coupling by a driver. quently less progress. The pump casing includes suction and discharge nozzles For instance, there has been a considerable amount of re­ supports the bearings, and houses the rotor assembly. search in lint cleaning with very good results. I am of the The casing has to be packed around the shaft to prevent opinion that if there had been as much effort, thought, and external leakage. Closely fitted rings or wearing rings are research put into cleaning seed there would have been equally m ounted on the im peller and fitted in the casing to restrict as much progress as there has been in lint cleaning and with leakage of high pressure liquid back to the pump suction. The a clean seed there would be less need of lint cleaners. It liquid is directed to the impeller eye by the suction nozzle seems that we have started on the wrong end or placed the and is brought into a circular motion by the impeller vanes. emphasis on the wrong department in trying to produce a A s a result o f the im pelling action, liquid leaves the impeller clean lint. at a higher pressure and higher velocity than exists at its It is a known fact that most improvements in cottonseed entrance. oil mill machinery originate with your superintendents and The velocity is partly converted into pressure by the pump operators. This being the rule and I doubt if this will be an casing before it leaves the pump through the discharge noz­ exception, it is up to you operators to work something- out zle. This conversion of velocity into pressure is accomplished that will improve this serious condition. either in a volute casing or in a diffusion casing. Please don’t ask me where to start as I do not know. If A simple demonstration of a centrifugal pump, and per­ I did—I would be working on it now. I do believe that if haps most of you are familiar with it, is made by filling a enough of your operators will work on this diligently and small pail about half full of water and whirling it around in long enough the combined efforts of all of you will result a near vertical plane. If the pail is whirled rapidly enough, in something worthwhile and you will like this problem of centrifugal force will hold the water against the bottom of seed cleaning. the pail, and not a drop will be spilled. I notice the Australians have a clothes washing machine If there were a small hole in the bottom of the pail and that cleans clothes by high frequency sound waves, maybe your arm was a pipe supplying w ater to the pail, a continuous we should get them to help us with seed cleaning. stream would flow from the hole as the pail was whirled. The The Plains Co-operative Oil Mill, Lubbock, Texas, under larger the hole, the greater the volume of water that would the supervision of Red Calloway, have developed a small be thrown out and the faster the pail was swung, the farther basket beater device that is used under each seed cleaner the water would be thrown. and each first cut linter, which is very helpful in producing If a casing were arranged to collect and guide the water a clean lint. Chas. R. Campbell Co., Dallas, is manufacturing after it spurts from the hole in the bottom o f the pail, an this device known as—CAMCO Seed Cleaner. imaginary centrifugal pump would be the result, with your These devices are surprisingly effective in removing foreign arm as the suction pipe, the pail as the impeller, and the matter such as sticks and shale. On the cleanest seed they casing as the volute. have they remove over 2800 pounds per 24 hours, or from A centrifugal pump is a highly efficient unit and only 450 tons of seed, and over 8,000 pounds on their worst bollie with proper care can the obtainable efficiencies be main­ seed. This trash of course would have otherwise gone into tained. the linters and much of it into the lint. Corrosion does not necessarily have to be a problem if a The beaters between the first and second cut linters re­ correct analysis of the liquid to be pumped is made. If this move a surprising amount of foreign matter, due to there is done and the proper materials of construction are em­ being a relatively small quantity of seed being handled, also ployed, corrosion and the troubles caused by it will be elimi­ due to the foreign matter being broken up, or sized, by the nated. first cut linter which makes it easier to separate from the seed. Here in Northern California, and specifically around the Bay, starting in the vicinity o f Oakland and San Francisco, Of course, this is not the proper place to clean seed, but and going South around Newark, the salinity of the water since they were unable to properly clean them before reach­ will vary considerably, and in one location all iron or even ing this point it is the next best thing to do, just like cleaning cast iron, bronze fitted construction is adequate, whereas at lint rather than the seed, and they are making a good clean another location we have to go to such materials as zincless lint from the worst type bollie seed. bronze, genuine wrought iron, and stainless steels. But in any The same mill is also revamping their seed cleaners in a event, if this condition is recognized and steps are taken to manner that I believe will be very effective. They are doing counteract it “down time” can be prevented, resulting in a this by placing both shaker trays parallel with each other savings in cost. and clothing them all the way for bolls and will divide the A brasion can becom e a m ore acute problem than corrosion, seed equally between the two trays. Under the trays they as not only will wear occur on the wetted parts and opening will have a series of 10 basket beaters for sand, sticks, shale, up ring clearances, which results in low er efficiencies, but it etc. In my opinion this arrangement has possibilities. can also break down the stuffing box, scoring the shaft sleeve The matter of better seed cleaning is a serious one and and wearing the packing. could have a definite throttling effect on manufacturers of H ow can we hold to a m inim um the undesirable results of lint room machinery as well as the mills themselves, and I abrasion ? suggest we tackle this problem together with a renewed ef­ fort, or maybe it is a problem for some organization like The ideal thing, of course* would be to remove the abrasive the National Cotton Seed Products Association. matter from the pumped liquid, but unfortunately this can­ not always be accomplished and some other methods must be I thank you. em ployed. PUMPING IN THE COTTONSEED INDUSTRY As with corrosion, the first step is to use proper materials of construction— materials with high hardness values. Mr. P. Babin, Sales Engineer, Byron Jackson Co., Nitrided or stellited wear rings and shaft sleeves, various San Francisco, Calif. types of Meehanite, Ni-Hard, or white iron are some that are used. In preparing my talk for this morning, I asked myself “Just Secondly, the design of the pump, keeping to a minimum what can I talk about that would prove of interest to you the number of internal fittings, will also assist. We use such and cover some of the problems that you encounter in your things as front and back liners with fully open impellers and industry ? ” no wear rings on certain applications. After visiting some of your plants, I found that there is Why front and back liners? Well, no matter what mate­ a similarity in application in your industry to that of the rials we use, there are applications where some wear will Pulp and Paper Industry, the Sugar Industry, and Oil Re­ occur. fineries, in that corrosion, abrasion, and stuffing box design are things which have to be given special consideration. These Instead of having to replace the complete case, only the are the things that I would like to discuss. liners have to be replaced, again resulting in a savings in cost. Before I do this, however, let me start by defining a A flushing connection is employed at the stuffing box and centrifugal pump. clear water is injected at a pressure higher than suction Every pump consists of two principal parts— an impeller, pressure, thereby acting as a seal and keeping out of the box which forces the liquid into a rotary motion by impelling the abrasive material. April# 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 39

We recently had an opportunity to work on a project As the water flows past the faces, the pumping ring picks which is a good example of how the problem of corrosion and it up and discharges it through a line connected to the bot­ abrasion was taken care of. tom of the stuffing box. We call this line a cooling coil and In this particular customer’s manufacturing process, fluo­ it passes through a tank, in which an outside source of cold rine gas is given off. Something has to be done to contain water is circulated. this gas, or it will get into the atmosphere and contaminate A heat exchange is effected, reducing the temperature of the surrounding residential area. the water as it continues on its path to the mechanical seal In order to accomplish this, the gas is sprayed with water. and lubrication of the seal faces. However, in so doing this combination of fluorine and water With this method, we can usually hold the temperature gives a dilute solution of hydrofluoric acid, having a pH of down to approximately 150° F. aproximately 3.5. The liquid also contains approximately 500 p.p.m. of abra­ As seal leakage is small, very little make-up water enters sive material. the stuffing box from the pump which means that only a Vertical, m ixed-flow units were used to pump this liquid small volume of water must be cooled. and on the basis of the customer’s past experience, as well Water jackets help to stop heat transfer through stuffing as our own, the following materials of construction were box wells. employed. A small cooler is used and water is circulated at a rate of The case, suction bell and bottom bearing were of Utiloy- approximately 1-2 GPM. 20 material, the impeller Hastelloy “ A ,” pump shaft Monel, and bottom bearing Carbon. The outer column was fabricated The head against which the seal pump must work is 100 steel, mbber lined on the inside and outside, inner column or per cent friction in the cooler, which means that very little shaft enclosing tube Utiloy-20, column bearings rubber, in­ energy is used, as the head is low. stalled in 18-8 stainless steel containers. The discharge head There are other interesting applications which dictate the was fabricated steel, rubber lined through the elbow. use of a mechanical seal, but my time has run out. The pump was furnished for oil lubricated design. How­ In conclusion, I would like to take this opportunity on ever, clear water under pressure was injected at the cage behalf of the Byron Jackson Co. and myself to thank you ring for lubrication of the rubber bearings. for the privilege of speaking to you and trust that some of Abrasion was a problem, in that the Monel pump shaft, my comments will prove of value to you. turning in the carbon bearing, was exposed to the liquid being pumped. Mr. George Bitter, Superintendent, Wear would definitely occur if something were not done Kingsburg Cotton Oil Co., about this. Kingsburg, Calif. A tap was made into the inner column, just above the (Read at the meeting, due to Mr. Bitter being unable to pump case, and a line was run from this point down along attend.) the pump element and connected at the bottom of the bottom bearing housing. Mr. Chairman, and ladies and gentlemen, I have been asked This enabled the clear water, injected under pressure, to to give a short talk on out-side seed storage. With the ex­ continue through this line and up into the bottom bearing tremely large cotton crop and limited inside storage facilities, housing, acting as a flushing medium to keep the pumped it was necessary to store a considerable tonnage of cotton liquid out. seed outside this past season. We found this true at Kings­ burg as did most of the other California oil mills. One would be correct in assuming that this was not an in­ expensive unit, but the initial high cost will result in the We were prepared for outside storage at our mill, but the savings of thousands of dollars. seed came in faster than we could possibly take care of it. Stuffing box design is rather interesting, as there are many It was necessary for us to secure additional storage space. applications where the standard stuffing box, consisting of We were able to lease a portion of land just west of our mill. shaft sleeve, packing gland, and bolts cannot be used. We also were forced to store cotton seed at three of our gins. In fact, there is a very obvious trend today, even when We prepared this leased property for seed storage by grad­ handling cool, clear water, toward the use of a mechanical ing the centers of each pile about two feet high and gradually seal, and it is safe to say that in the near future all pumps sloping it toward the edges. This was done to prevent the will be furnished standard with a mechanical seal. water from getting under the seed. Drainage was provided High suction pressures in conjunction with high tempera­ in the event of heavy rains. tures, liquids containing abrasive materials, and the pumping These seed piles were covered with standard 21 x 40-foot of gasoline and other Hydrocarbons are situations which re­ tarps laid flat on 2 x 4s on 20-foot centers. The tarp was quire the use of a mechanical seal. allowed to touch the seed. This method has proved to be un­ A mechanical seal consists of essentially a rotating face satisfactory, although it did keep the seed dry. The biggest and a stationary face, both finely lapped to give a smooth problem was that the air was not allowed to circulate between surface. the tarp and the seed. Upon uncovering these piles, we found . The rotating parts consist of a shaft sleeve keyed to the that some of the seed had sprouted and was growing; some impeller, a spring holder attached to the shaft sleeve through of the plants were two inches high. tongue and groove construction, a drive spring, and rotating At the mill we were prepared for outside seed storage. lace. All these parts rotate with the shaft and consequently The seed was covered by custom made tarps over frame­ no wear takes place on the shaft sleeve. work of 2 x 4s. These 2 x 4s were cribbed about two feet above The stationary parts are the stationary face, seal cover, the seed and placed on six-foot centers all over the pile, thus auxiliary gland, and packing, and a throttle. keeping the tarp from touching the seed. Laths were used to 1 . The two faces running in contact with each other require fasten the tarp to the 2 x 4s to prevent tearing and wind liquid for lubrication and cooling and this can be obtained by damage. We used lots of nails to prevent the wind from tear­ lunmng a line from the top of the case, if the liquid is clear, ing the tarp loose from the 2 x 4s. We found this type of and over to the seal, or, an outside source can be used, piping coverage to be excellent. No damage to the seed resulted. We it to the seal, cooling the faces and flowing into the pump, did not cover the seed which was stored at the three gins. it injected pressure is higher than suction pressure. In this During this period of trial and error, we have learned that manner the stuffing box acts as a seal, preventing the liquid to save unwarranted damage to cotton seed stored outside trom entering. the following should be provided: suction pressures, in the neighborhod of around 1. Seed most certainly should be covered. ^ PS1 and high temperatures of between 300-400° F., we aV*r f°und that seal life, handling water, is greatly length­ 2. At least two feet should be allowed between tarp and ened if water is held below its flash point at the seal faces. seed to permit sufficient air circulation. , water is leaving the faces in the form of steam, its 3. Provisions should be made to pull air through the seed uoricatmg qualities are of course not good, and in most cases in ihe event of high temperatures. scale forms. I thank you. When the conditions as mentioned above are encountered, e .take the same seal and make some modifications on the Mr. K. B. Smith, Superintendent, PUng holder by building it with small lugs projecting on Kingsburg Cotton Oil Co., e outside. We have then, in effect, a little pumping ring Fresno, California w an open impeller. Mr. Smith was unable to bring his speech before the meet­ kittle passageway is bored out of the stuffing box, giving ing because he was taken seriously ill and was currentlv a housing fo r the impeller. confined to his room in the hotel. Page 40 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

Mr. R. D. Long, Manager hour of cake from an average of 235° F. to an average of Western Division, Carver Cotton Gin Co., 90° F., using ordinary well water. Over on the display board Dallas, Texas to my right, you will see a picture of Harold’s cooler*. A Mr. Long wired in that he would be unable to attend this funny thing happened about that. We had a sign painter meeting this morning, and wished the gathering a wonderful come in Friday night and paint some numerals on the sign time. board so that we would have a nice little exhibit but the sign painter got mixed up and we didn’t catch it until this morn­ Mr. R. F. Christian, General Manager-, ing. He showed Hai'old’s press cake coming into the cooler J. D. Christian— Engineers, at 90° and going out at 235°. Now, I can assui'e you that San Francisco, Calif. our cooler really isn’t that bad. Of course, Harold’s efforts Chairman Harold, distinguished guests, members of the were followed up by othex-s in the field later on. Bill Davis National Oil Mill Superintendents Association, and worthy and Cai'l Hogrefe can tell you a lot about the “ HOLO-FLITE” competitors. Will your mill be in business in two years? . . . coolers, but up in Sacramento, the Rice Growers Association Will your mill be in business in five years? . . . Will your of California applied the first “HOLO-FLITE” on the “hot” mill be in business in ten years ? Very possibly the answer side of a mill of your type. Mr. Chesley and Mr. Mickus took to those questions may be found in the consideration that you a unit about one half the size of Harold’s unit and with give to the use of heat exchangers in your process function. steam in the flights, used it as a dryer to remove hexane When you think of heat exchangers, always thing of “ U.” from rice bran and it was a complete success. The things that Remember, “U” is the most important consideration in any we learned from these installations, plus installations in all heat exchanger. I will tell you more about “U” later. conceivable types of industries, both in the United States and abroad, outlined fo r us a coui'se which we set out to Since the world itself was first created, it has been under­ follow. Our aim was to obtain even higher “ U’s” and we con­ going a constant process of heat exchange and if heat ex­ sidered two avenues that we would have to travel simultane­ change as we know it in nature should ever cease, then the ously to achieve our goal, On the one side was the avenue very world in which we live and civilization as we know it of mechanical perfection and on the other side, the avenue would vanish. What does that all mean to you ? of process function improvement. To name a few of the This particular program is dedicated to Roy Horne. Roy milestones encountered in our travels on the mechanical side, just retired recently after fifty years in your industry during let me state that we made a thorough investigation of metals! which time he states that he witnessed the transition from analyzing their suitability, skin frictions, and so forth, but the old chain drive expeller to the present solvent extraction more important than the metals themselves was the method process. Roy will be witnessing a lot more in a short time to of joining those metals to produce a homogeneous structure come and so will all of us because regardless of whether your that would complement our design, and so considerable in­ mill is one with mechanical pressing or solvent extraction, vestigation was made of the Sigma process, the Heliarc, the or a combination of both, heat exchangers will play a very Aircomatic process, the union melt process and, of course, all important part in their future operation. The problem of heat these things integrated with the requirements of the ASME exchange in your business has long been recognized and for committees on heat exchangers and ourselves. In building years has been handled very nicely on the liquid side but not heat exchangers, of course, there are requirements for cast­ so on the solid side of your process, and why not ? Because ings and as you can well appreciate, porosity in a casting the methods offered were too costly. The end did not justify could be a very serious matter. the means. The profit did not justify the expense. The quality Considerable progress has been made in the vacuum im­ did not justify the investment, and why not? Because all of pregnation of castings and those of you who will be in Los the means available were costly, because of their inefficien­ Angeles next week can go to the Metals Show and see for cies, because they had a low “U.” Now, I have noticed in this yourself some of the strides that have been taken in this art audience already, some of you appearing quite flattered to just within the last few years. Of course, when you are apply­ think that you are the most important thing about a heat ing “HOLO-FLITES” to such processes as the drying of gun exchanger but as others of you have suspected, you are quite powder, you can immediately see that the need arises for wrong. The “U” that I am talking about is the letter “U”— “spark proofing” and spark proof design has been born and the “U” factor. Ir the ABC’s and the XYZ’s of heat trans­ become of age in these units. Suffice it to say that the re­ fer formulae, “U,” the “U” factor is the most important duction of mechanical energy to reduce overall loss has been single term. What is the “ U” factor? One might describe the one of paramount consideration and in cases today, the me­ “U” factor as the overall coefficient of thermal conductance chanical horsepower requirements to operate units in some or, better, we could call it a measure of heat transfer effi­ cases is less than half of what was previously required be­ ciency. Before World W ar II, we, the J. D. Christian Engi­ cause of our endeavors in this line. neers, recognized the problems and the necessity of heat ex­ change equipment on the solid side of your process and the A few moments ago, a gentleman talked to you folks about processes of other industries. We looked at the world about pumps and he mentioned their studies of seals. I can assure us. We watched nature in action. We considered what Archi­ him and all of you that the study and perfecting of seals in medes had done 2200 years ago with a screw. We took our a pump is a cinch compared to the same study with reference to “ HOLO-FLITE.” own experience which is 2 'ecognized as outstanding—yes, we are very well recognized—and we put all these things to­ Of course, it used to be that people thought of only water gether- and gave birth to a product which we patented and or steam as heat exchange mediums but to match the prog­ named “ HOLO-FLITE.” It was a single jacketed screw flight ress in the development of synthetic mediums, there naturally and we started to work with it. While it was immediately has been considerable advancement in the perfection of rotat­ applied in other industries, the early work in your industry ing glands to handle these synthetic mediums. The considera­ was performed by a man many of you know so well, Mr. tion of accelerated velocities, minimizing of pressure drops Lochiel B. King, general superintendent of the El Dorado and all the other factors concerned with the handling of heat- Oil Works of Oakland, Berkeley, and Bayonne, New Jersey, ants and coolants, has occupied no small amount of our time. now retired. Mr. King’s experiments with the “HOLO- Now then, on the process side, the other avenue of our FLITE” screw were very gratifying. Immediately, the old travels, we have had to consider the use and application of jacketed trough plain screw idea of heat exchange was such things as freon, Dowtherm, and some of the new heat obsoleted and “U” factors never before encountered in this exchanger oils. Then there has been the matter of uniform type of equipment were developed but still not satisfactorily control of the heat exchange function coupled with retention acceptable as a product on a commercial basis for your in­ time control. Nature has set pace rates for certain processes dustry. However, in the ensuing years, we conceived the idea and it is important in a heat exchanger that you neither hurry of intermeshing these single screws in groups of two, four nor hinder the natural chemical or physical process in many and six and developed a principle which we call “dispersion cases. convection.” The result was amazing. Our “ U” factors soared Process-wise, we have also developed methods for the in­ and left the “ U’s” of single screws far in the dust. So, it troduction and discharging of metals under pressure or vac­ was that I appi'oached the “best in the West,” our chairman, uum as well as the performance of low temperature heat treatment under vacuum. In many cases we have the problem and said, “ Harold, why don’t you buy one of these ‘HOLO- of the injection of additives somewhere along the line of the FLITES’ ?” He said, “ Bob, I can’t do that, the boss just heat exchange function, as w e ll as the removal of process wouldn’t let me spend the kind of money you want for some­ by-products, gaseous, solid and liquid. Then there are people thing like this.” However, after two years of what we will who wish to combine a heating job and a cooling job in one describe as sales promotion effort, Harold finally managed to integrated unit, or a heating, cooling and heating, or a cool­ get approval and put in the first truly successful cake cooler ing, heating and cooling job (this can go on ad-inf ini turn as in the industry. Today, five years later, it is still going along you can see), in one continuous cycle. Much consideration has day in and day out, cooling approximately seven tons per h a d to be given to physical and chemical changes in material April' 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 41

during the heat exchange process. What does all this mean amount of free fatty acid present in commercially processed to you? crude cottonseed oil is going to be determined primarily by Simply that the result of our endeavors, the experiences the amount in the seed from which the oil is pressed or of our customers, the observation by us of the benefits to the extracted, and to a lesser extent by the method of production users, higher quality, increased profits, etc., demands that I employed. The extent to which the original free fatty acid give you a recital of advantages to you in the serious con­ content in the oil will be increased during processing is sideration of heat exchangers in your process. greater in expeller oil than in hydraulic oil, and greater in hydraulic oil than in solvent extracted oil. No doubt this fact It has been proven and is a fact that higher quality solid can be attributed to the high temperature and pressure em­ products, odorless, with full cooler properties and better uni­ ployed in the mechanical processes. Since it is inevitable that form ity may be obtained. It is a proven fact that lower in­ there is going to be a certain amount of free fatty acid surance rates, by the removal of fire hazards, are available present in the crude cottonseed oil produced by all current to you. It is a proven fact that lower inventories need be commercial processes employed, whether mechanical or sol­ carried because as an example, you can sack right off the vent, the problem now confronts the producers of how to discharge of a cooler. Isn’t that right, Harold? prevent, or at least to decelerate the rate of increase during Harold Crossno, “You can say that again, Bob.” storage; for an increase in the free fatty acid content of It has been proven and is an established fact that the crude cottonseed oil, or any other crude vegetable oil for that “HOLO-FLITE” processor is the most economical piece of matter, is one chemical change that most assuredly occurs heat transfer equipment on the market today, per BTU per during storage even under normal conditions. hour exchanged . . . and because of its dustless operating In order to explain this change it is first necessary to qualities, no auxiliary recovery equipment is necessary. It is consider the action of moisture which is always present in a proven fact that you can obtain higher production and the atmosphere, and which is invariably present in pressed that your maintenance costs will decrease. It is a proven fact cottonseed oil, in fats and oils in general. Up to temperatures that you may obtain finer products and a better acceptability of approximately 150° C., water does not attack trigly of your products by your customers. cerides — a glyceride in which glycerin has combined with Let’s face it, gentlemen! The honeymoon is over! No longer three molecules of fatty acid or fatty acids is termed a can you raise your prices to pass on high costs. No longer trublyceride and this is the form in which glycerides most can you sell low quality merchandise. It is imperative for commonly occur in nature; but at temperatures of 200° C. or your own existence that you cut your costs and that you im­ more the triblycerides are decomposed into their immediate prove the quality of your product. Take a tip from the big constituents, namely glycerin and fatty acids, whilst the operators who are doing just that and consider that the dif­ elements of water are assimilated. Such a chemical decompo­ ference between using heat exchangers in your process may sition of the glycerides by the action of water is termed well be the difference between profit and loss. It may well hydrolysis. Since it is hardly conceivable that crude cotton­ be the difference between your being in or out of business. seed oil in storage would ever be subjected to temperatures of In conclusion, let me congratulate you, Harold, and your this magnitude, we can safely assume that hydrolysis of crude various committees on a very fine program. As one machinery cottonseed oil in storage will not be effected by the action of manufacturer to a lot of fine customers, I appreciate this water alone. However, hydrolysis can be effected at ordinary opportunity to speak before you and let me say that at any temperatures if natural occurring ferments or enzymes such time that you wish to discuss any heat exchanger problems, as are present in cottonseed “foots” are intimately mixed with there is no obligation to call on us or our national distributor, the oil, and this is a situation which is very often present in the Western Precipitation Corporation. crude cottonseed oil during storage. Thus, only if we accept as a fact that the occurrence of small quantities of these oil- Thank you very much. hydrolyzing enzymes in crude cottonseed oil are we able to STORING CRUDE COTTONSEED OIL explain the increase in the free fatty acid content of the crude oil during prolonged exposure of the oil to the moisture in Mr. H. L. Tamborini, Chief Chemist the atmosphere during storage. If sufficient moisture is California Cotton Oil Corporation present, enzymes are capable of accelerating hydrolysis to Los Angeles, California such a marked degree that in a short time the oil acquires a In the brief period of time allotted to me on the program disagreeable smell and an acrid taste, as we say that oil has it shall be my purpose first to point out two of the most become rancid. This is a situation all too frequently en­ apparent changes which may affect crude cottonseed oil countered in crude cottonseed oil, even prior to storage, which unfavorably during storage; secondly, to explain the nature has been expressed from high moisture content cottonseed in of these changes along with their causes and effects; and which hydrolysis has already progressed to a marked degree. thirdly, what is more important, since it is practically impos­ Having accepted the fact that there is always going to be sible to prevent these changes entirely, how at least to decel­ a certain amount of free fatty acid dissolved in all crude erate the rate at which they progress, for unquestionably they cottonseed oil produced by the various commercial processes both impair the quality of crude oil during storage. This in which are currently employed in the oil milling industry, the turn results in lost or reduced premiums, or even penalties to problem which confronts the producer is one of maintaining the producer of crude cottonseed oil. the free fatty acid content of his crude oil at a minimum, thus In order to explain these changes which occur in crude insuring the highest possible premium, or as the case may be, cottonseed oil and the rate at which they progress during the lowest possible penalty for his product. Perhaps some storage, since they are for the most part chemical in nature, explanation concerning the relationship of the free fatty acid it is essential that one have at least a basic knowledge of the content of crude cottonseed oil to its monetary value would chemical composition of crude cottonseed oil, and of the not be amiss at this point. As most of you know, crude cotton­ principal factors which influence the rate of these chemical seed oil is bought and sold on the basis of its quality as reactions. Chemically, crude cottonseed oil is a,rather complex determined by a laboratory refining of a sample of the crude mixture, consisting primarily of the neutral oil along with oil representing the specific lot, generally a tank-car or tank- varying amounts of numerous impurities, and it is these truck being traded. The quality of the crude oil is based on impurities which cause the chemical changes to occur in crude the following factors: oil during storage. That this is true is evidenced by the fact (1) The free fatty acid content of the crude. that when these impurities are removed and a highly refined (2) The flavor and odor of the crude. grade of cottonseed oil is produced it can be stored for long (3) The loss in weight of the crude upon refining, and Periods of time at ordinary temperatures without any ap­ (4) The color of the refined oil produced. parent change. However, even in refined cottonseed oil at According to the trading rules of the National Cottonseed temperatures in the vicinity of 50° F., Stearine will separate Products Association, crude cottonseed oil which is decidedly out> out this is a physical rather than a chemical change. rancid, musty, sour or bitter and/or oil which exceeds 3.25 Chemically neutral cottonseed oil is a product formed by per cent in free fatty acids, shall be graded off in flavor, and lie combination of glycerin with fatty acids. Such a com­ a penalty imposed. Thus a high free fatty acid content in the pound is termed a glyceride. The impurities in crude cotton­ oil directly impairs the quality and as a consequence reduces seed oil consist^ o f uncombined — or as we commonly hear its monetary value. A premium is paid for crude cottonseed em called — free fatty acids, gums, wanes, resins, the oil which, on the basis of the laboratory refining, shows a yellow and red pigments, gossypol and gossypurpurin which loss in weight of less than 9 per cent, and a penalty is occur naturally in cotton seed, moisture and the marc or assessed against that which shows a loss in excess of 9 per oil JL w^ich is the residue from the seed remaining in the cent. This premium is not fixed but varies inversely as the ,-x pressing. As you all very well know, the one im- refining loss if it is below 9 per cent, whereas the penalty sp Vi -i most greatly impairs the quality of crude cotton- varies directly as the refining loss if it exceeds 9 per cent. fJr H or of any other vegetable oil for that matter, is free Now’ you might ask what do refining loss premiums and y acid if it is present in any appreciable quantity. The penalties have to do with the free fatty acid of the crude oil, Page 42 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

and the answer is this: The free fatty acid content of the that the pigmentary materials which are present in all com­ crude oil determines the laboratory refining- loss, i.e., the mercial crude cottonseed oil produced by mechanical means amount and concentration of the lye solutions which it is become darker when it is exposed to the atmosphere and permissible to use in refining according to the trading rules. as a consequence more resistant to the bleaching effect of Since the refining loss is directly proportional to the amount the lye solution used in refining. The fact that it requires and concentration of the lye solutions employed, and since a more concentrated lye solution to produce a refined oil of the amount and concentration of these lye solutions is directly a color comparable to that of a refined oil from freshly proportional to the free fatty acid content of the crude, it pressed crude tends to bear this theory out. Along the same follows logically that the refining loss is directly proportional line, crude cottonseed oil which has been subjected to pro­ to the free fatty acid content of the crude. Obviously the longed heating during processing exhibits even more re­ weight of the crude oil has to be diminished by the weight of sistance to the bleaching effect of the lye solution used in the free fatty acids which are removed during refining, but refining, and it is a well known fact that crude cottonseed oil what is not quite as obvious is the fact that more neutral oil darkens very noticeably and very quickly if it is maintained is lost due to saponification when large amounts of more very long at elevated temperatures. So just as heat acceler­ concentrated lye solutions have to be used in refining. So ates the rate of hydrolysis of crude cottonseed oil when the we see that the free fatty acid content of the crude oil has essential elements are present, so also does it accelerate the both a direct and an indirect effect in increasing the refining rate at which it darkens, and these are the two most im­ loss, and as a consequence reduces the monetary value o f the portant changes the producer of crude cottonseed oil must crude oil. Stating these facts in plain and simple language, prevent or at least curtail if he expects to market or refine it means this: Low free fatty acid content, low refining loss, a high quality crude oil. prime flavor, high premium; high free fatty acid content, I trust that the foregoing discussion has helped to supply high refining loss, off-flavor, low premium, or perhaps even worse, a, penalty. some of the answers to the question of what happens to crude cottonseed oil during storage, what the causes and effects of From the foregoing discussion it is quite apparent that the changes are, and what practical steps can be taken, if not the effects of the free fatty acid which is always present in to prevent, at least to curtail those changes which impair the crude cottonseed oil to a greater or lesser degree are far- quality o f the crude oil during storage. Thank you for your reaching enough to warrant some consideration to the problem attention. of how. to decelerate its rate of increase during storage. If we are able to eliminate or reduce markedly those factors HOUSEKEEPING IN PLANTS which contribute to the rise in the free fatty acid content of Mr. William H. Gray, Foreman the crude oil, then it is logical to expect that our aim can California Cotton Oil Corporation be accomplished. Let us then review the factors that con­ Los Angeles, California tribute to the hydrolysis of the neutral oil which, as we have seen, results in the production of free fatty acid. The elements The purpose of an industrial housekeeping program is to necessary to produce hydrolysis in crude cottonseed oil at prom ote order and cleanliness throughout the organization. ordinary temperatures are excess moisture and naturally Such a program should accomplish three m ajor objectives: occurring ferments which are present in cottonseed “foots,” First, the elimination of accident and fire hazards; second, and we might as well include heat which accelerates the rate the conservation of space, time, material and effort, thereby of the hydrolysis when the essential elements are present in increasing production; and third, the improvement of em­ the crude oil. Excess poses no special problem as this can ployee morale and the relationship between employee and be removed from the oil during processing by prolonged employer; presenting a good impression to visitors and cus­ settling of the oil during processing by efficient filtration. tomers calling at the plant. “Foots” too can be removed by means of settling, followed Statistics show that a high proportion of industrial acci­ by passage of the crude oil through a “ foots” press, and dents are directly traceable to falls, falling objects and ultimately through a filter press. Passage of the hot oil, mishandling of materials, and that such accidents are often moisture and “foots” mixture coming from the expellers a direct result of poor housekeeping. Therefore, the problem through a system of heat exchangers which rapidly cools of industrial housekeeping is a major one, and in the interest the mixture, will serve to eliminate the element of heat of safety, morale and efficiency, requires careful considera­ which, as we have seen, tends to accelerate the rate of tion. Good housekeeping in the plant, as in the home, has hydrolysis in a mixture of oil, water and “foots.” By rec­ often been summarized by the phrase, “A place for every­ ognizing the factors that contribute to the hydrolysis of thing and everything in its place.” If management fails to crude cottonseed oil and by eliminating them as far as “provide the place" the employee finds adherence to this possible through efficient processing seems to be the only principle impossible. Therefore, “providing the place” should practical solution to the problem of how to decelerate the rate be carried out in its broadest sense. The start of a good pro­ at which the free fatty acid content of crude cottonseed oil gram is an analysis of physical plant facilities, and the will increase during storage. Just in parting, though, before determination of the adequacy of existing equipment such as I leave this subject and go on to the next: If you want to shelves, bins, stoi’age rooms, working places, etc. Technically, be reasonably sure that you won’t be troubled by an increase management has the first responsibility in the good house­ in the free fatty acid content of crude cottonseed oil during keeping program. storage, keep it cool and keep it free from moisture and Although management’s responsibility comes first in estab­ “foots,” but if you want to be absolutely sure, don’t keep it lishing the program, the employee plays a continuously im­ very long. portant role. No individual is born negligent, but may become During my brief association with the oil milling industry, so by lack of training, wrong associations or poor environ­ I have been asked this question m any times: “What causes ment. Where physical conditions are favorable for so doing, cottonseed oil to darken during storage?” Since most, if not the cooperation of employees in the housekeeping program all, of the commercial crude cottonseed oil produced by me­ may be expected. Good examples of supervision and other chanical means is so dark to begin with that when a sample workers will dd much to impress upon employees their indi­ is placed in a standard color comparison tube, light will not vidual responsibility in the program. pass through it, so it isn’t possible to determine the intensity The coordinating- agency between management and the of color in crude oils of this type by means of those instru­ employee in the housekeeping program is the foreman. His ments which measure color by employing the principle of primary duty is the delegation of responsibility to individual light transmission or light absorption. However, since it is workers in his department and regular follow-through on possible to measure the intensity of color in most commer­ instructions. Foremen should set an example by keeping their cial grades of refined cottonseed oil by means of these instru­ own offices and work places in good order. A n ill-kept depart­ ments, and since it has been my experience that crude cotton- mental office will generally be reflected by similar conditions seed_ oil which has been in storage for a considerable length in the shop. There should be a specific place for all materials of time tends to yield a refined oil which is darker in color and tools, and the forem an should insist on their being kept than that produced from freshly pressed crude. I assumed in the designated locations. that this is what the questioners had in mind in regards to The piling and storage of materials in the plant yards what causes cototnseed oil to darken during storage. Un­ requires special consideration. Such piling and storage should fortunately, I have never been able to find a satisfactory be in accordance with established procedures, particularly to answer to_ this question, although this occurrence is expe­ keep materials from falling or protruding into open walkways rienced universally and is widely recognized. The same is true and passageways. of crude cottonseed oil which has been pressed from seeds Special thought should be devoted to the location of fu'e that have been in storage for a considerable length of time. fighting equipment, energized electrical equipment, and the However, one interesting theory has been proposed which care and maintenance of yard, tools, etc. Such facilities should although not proven and entirely acceptable, does offer a be clearly marked and employees instructed as to then plausible explanation. The basis for this theory is the fact location. April. 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 43

It is likely that no one cause leads to more fires than bad housekeeping. It is said that 90 per cent of all fires are caused by carelessness and ignorance. Many of these are the direct result of bad housekeeping. Accumulations of combust­ ible refuse such as oil-soaked and paint covered clothing, WANTED rags, waste excelsior and shavings create a serious fire hazard. All such materials should be removed each day from Young- cottonseed oil mill operator for mill every workroom and deposited in receptacles provided for that purpose. Self-closing metal containers or waste cans, in in Arkansas capable of handling labor, with which to place oil-soaked waste and rags, should be provided general experience in operating and repairing at convenient locations about workrooms, and such materials should not be left on the floor or placed in lockers, cupboards oil mill machinery. This is a year-round job or bins. At the end of the day these waste cans should be emptied and the contents properly disposed of. Special men for a man of these qualifications who is will­ should be designated to sweep the floors each day and clean ing to work in an expanding plant. In answer, up all scrap material and refuse. Clean waste, while not as dangerous as oil soaked waste, please state age, and experience. Reply 777, is readily flammable, and preferably should be kept in bins, Oil Mill Gazetteer, Wharton, Texas. P. O. either metal or metal-lined. Such bins should be provided with tightly fitting, gravity closing covers. Box 1180. Floors should be kept free from holes and obstructions, especially where the floor forms parts of aisles or walking places. Floor material should be consid­ ered from the safety standpoint in the erection of new buildings and in repair­ ing old. It is essential that floors and With machine-stripped cotton dou­ passageways contain no small objects such as scraps of metal, nails or tools, bling in volume every year, convey­ and oil, grease, chips and other com­ or boxes stand to get more abra­ pounds, which could be the cause of slip­ sive wear from foreign matter than ping or falling accidents. According to ever. For efficiency and economy, national statistics, accidents arising from falls from the same level or elevation standarize on BOARDMAN con­ account for 49 per cent of the total acci­ veyor boxes— extra rugged for long­ dents classified as from falls. life . . . extra true for easy fitting. Sanitation is a natural adjunct of safe­ ty and good housekeeping. Companies should provide adequate and well located washroom and toilet facilities with plen­ ty of hot and cold water. Many compa­ nies maintain shower rooms in addition ☆ Better Performance to lockers. Management should make a special effort to keep these facilities in good clean condition. An employee’s esti­ mation of his employer is often based, to ☆ Less Maintenance a large extent, on the condition of these facilities in the plant. There is nothing like a clean and or­ derly plant to impress customers and visitors with the quality of the product manufactured. Good housekeeping is a mark of esteem and reflects itself on the with B O A R D M A N product. Therefore, maintaining this pro­ gram to its fullest extent is one of your best and cheapest salesmen. Cotton-Gineered Products

Through the years, in both gin and oil mill installations, BOARD- MAN’s heavy-duty SUPERBLAST fans have proven more dependable and more adaptable to different jobs. Carefully balanced blast-wheel and oversize SKF bearings cut vi­ bration damage. Maintenance is kept low with replaceable blades and sectional housing scroll.

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National Superintendents Section

OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL OIL MILL SUPERINTENDENTS The chairmen of both committees have been se­ ASSOCIATION lected purposely from West Texas, where the prob­ E. L. (Ed) Nash, President...... Waxahachie, Texas L. C. Roots, Vice-President H. Matamoros, Tamps., Mexico lem is just as bad if not worse than any other part H. E. Wilson, Seeretary-Treasurer...... Wharton, Texas of the cotton belt. You will note that several of the men on both committees either live in Lubbock or BOARD OF DIRECTORS not so far away, and will have the opportunity of F. C. Vesey (1 year)...... El Paso, Texas conferring with each other without losing much time. J. R. Huneycutt (2 years)...... Pine Bluff, Arkansas W. G. Davis, Jr. (3 years) Los Angeles, California It is fortunate that Mr. Charles Hay has been ap­ B. H. Page (4 years)...... Lubbock, Texas pointed on the Seed Cleaning Committee, as he has been assigned to experimental seed and lint cleaning STATE VICE PRESIDENTS work in Lubbock. It is also fortunate that several Arkansas...... W. A. Pugh, Sr...... Fort Smith Arizona...... G. A. Ward...... Phoenix machinery manufacturers and sales engineers have California...... George Bitter...... Kingsburg consented to work with the committees, as they will China...... S. K. Fan...... New York, N. Y. have some valuable suggestions to offer the commit­ Georgia ...... M. W. Orr...... Macon tees as they function from time to time. Egypt...... T. J. Barlow...... Minia Louisiana I. M. Hoover...... Opelousas It is the desire of the chairman of the Short Mississippi...... C. C. Castillow...... Greenville Course Committee that the chairmen of each of these New Mexico N. H. Humphries...... Roswell committees will contact various committee members North Carolina...... R. G. Scruggs...... Wilson Oklahoma . Jim Wilson...... Oklahoma City with and for suggestions and ideas, and it is hoped Tennessee...... E. S. Lyle...... Dyersburg that each of the committees will have a preliminary Turkey...... R. Gomel ...... Izmir report and suggestions to submit at the Short North Texas...... Stewart Spencer...... Paris Course in May at College Station. President Ed South Texas...... T. S. Pryor...... Corpus Christi Mexico...... Salvador F. (Walter) Nash is to be congratulated on his appointment of Rojas* Gomez Palacio DGO, Mexico the Short Course Committee, and also the Short Course Committee in their selection of the two com­ OIL MILL MACHINERY MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLY ASSOCIATION mittees listed above. Edward Pflanz, Briggs-Weaver Machinery Company, President ...... Dallas, Texas Elsewhere in this issue you will find a picture of R. C. (Dick) Brown, Industrial Equipment, the group that met with the joint committee of the Vice-President ...... Dallas, Texas John Grace, Wichita Industrial Mfg. Co., two associations in the office of the chairman of the Seeretary-Treasurer ...... Fort Worth, Texas College Relations Committee, Mr. George A. Sim­ mons, general manager o f the Lubbock Cotton Oil TWENTi’-FIVE YEAR CLUB Company. The picture was made on the grounds of C. L. Stacey, President...... Shreveport, Louisiana C. M. Wilson, Vice-President...... Corpus Christi, Texas the Western Cotton Oil Co., in front of the Western’s H. E. Wilson, Seeretary-Treasurer...... Wharton, Texas office. The group visited all three mills in Lubbock, the Plains Cooperative Mill first, then the Western *Also Roving Ambassador of NOMSA. Cotton Oil M ill; then the group was the guest of the three mills at lunch at the brand new Plainsman On March 15, the joint committees of the Texas Hotel. After lunch, they visited the Lubbock Cotton Cottonseed Crushers Association and the National Oil Mill, and then to the meeting in the meeting room Oil Mill Superintendents Association met and Mr. of the Lubbock Cotton Oil Company’s office. Every­ M. C. Verdery was appointed chairman of the Short one left in fine spirits, and with nothing but praise Course Program Committee, to take the position of for the hospitality of the three Lubbock mills. chairman that Mr. J. M. Brawner has held, as Mr. Brawner is now located in New Orleans and his duties hold him pretty close to his office. However, Dear Mr. Wilson: Mr. Brawner was held as a member of the committee. As this is my fifty-first birthday and oil milling The Short Course Committee roster now stands as in hydraulic mills better than half of my life, I’ll follows: M. C. Verdery, chairman, with C. W . Rankin, relate for your inquirer my experience with press H. D. (Pete) Reeves, and J. M. Brawner as members. cloth. The Short Course Committee was instructed by the I’m not like the old boy who had an answer for Joint Committee to appoint permanent committees everything, as I learn new things every day and the on both seed cleaning and lint cleaning, to function man who doesn’t is lost to himself as well as to the not only at the Short Course but throughout the rest of the world. year on their respective problems. The following I’ve used nylon press cloth for the past three committees were appointed: seasons and find that by using two sets of cloths Seed Cleaning Committee — Pete Reeves, chair­ and having one set washed (soap and water) at the man, Charles Hay, W. C. Cantrell, Horace Glazner, laundry while the other set is in use, restores the Bill Whitaker, Carl Hogrefe. cloth to its flexibility, whereas, if they are not Lint Cleaning Committee — Bentley Page, chair­ washed they get stiff and soon break where the man, Cecil Chandler, Cleve Reed, Lucian Cole, R. D. cloth is folded over the ends of the cake. Long, Dick Taylor, Harold Crossno. In the dormant season I hang the cloths on a l'/i" April/ 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 45 inch pipe rack in the press room after they have The business of the Bauer Bros. Co. is basically been washed. The wool cloths I gave no cleaning at the building of grinding and separating machines all during the operating season and in the dormant for the vegetable oil, pulp and paper, chemical and season before hanging cloths on the rack, I used a food industries. Methods learned in one industry can fine steel brush to remove the small particles of cake often be profitably employed in another. The pulp from the cloth and then swept them good with a and paper industry has a dirt problem very similar broom. to yours in that both industries are using natural I believe had the wool cloths gotten stiff I’d have raw materials which are subject to all the vargaries had them laundered. Wool in the natural state (on of nature. They too are receiving dirtier raw mate­ sheep) is oily, therefore it does not get as stiff as rial due to high labor costs. To evaluate the effec­ nylon. tiveness of cleaning devices, they employ the follow­ If I ever use wool again I’ll launder it as I do the ing method. nylon cloth. One particular mill is testing four different cen­ In closing, I’d like to mention that in laundering trifugal pulp cleaners and the arrangement is such nylon cloths, there is hardly any shrinkage on width that 14 samples are required. A technically trained of cloth, but on the length there is four to five man draws a sample of pulp and from this makes inches of shrinkage. four sheets of paper about 8 inches in diameter and of equal weight. A code number is assigned each Hoping that this, with other letters, will help the sheet and the dirt appearing on the surface is inquirer, I remain, counted by three girls, successively, thus giving Yours very truly, twelve values to the original sample. The average of E. FRED GEYER, Superintendent, the twelve values is considered the dirt count of that Peoples Cotton Oil Company, sample. The dirt count is made by comparing a dirt Lafayette, Louisiana. speck in the sheet with dirt specks of various geo­ (Editor’s N ote: Many thanks, Mr. Geyer.) metrical shapes on a master sheet and the number assigned the dirt speck in the sample indicates the area of that speck. When desired, the character of dirt is identified, such as bark, metal scale, rotten CLEANING COTTON SEED IN THE OIL MILL wood, etc. Experience has taught that 50 samples Paper by are indicative and that 200 samples are required to WM. C. CANTRELL be conclusive. We at Bauer Bros, failed to find a Sales Representative, Bauer Bros. Co., Springfield, Ohio way to measure dirt in cotton seed because we were At Cottonseed Processing- Clinic sponsored by Valley Oil­ not conditioned to the enormous amount of work seed Processors Association, Southern Regional Research required. Apparently, the only way to overcome Laboratory, New Orleans, La., March 9-10, 1953. sampling error is by taking so many samples that The problem of introducing clean seed to the lint­ the errors cancel out. Obviously if you sampled every ers starts in the cotton field but these comments portion of a ton of cotton seed, you would have an will be limited to the oil mill proper, while recogniz­ accurate figure on the dirt content. ing that the problem as a whole can be aided by im­ Another company has completed a study of two provements in cotton pickers and gins. different methods of removing dirt and in making Industrial progress generally results from the ac­ this comparison 850 samples from each method were cumulative effect of small improvements. Occasion­ evaluated. The average of these samples showed the ally, an industry benefits from a spectacular piece new system to remove five times as much dirt as of equipment or a new process, but this is the ex­ the old which is a significant difference, yet on ception rather than the rule. In the past twenty twenty different occasions the samples showed the years, the speed of a paper machine has doubled, yet new method to be inferior. To measure small im­ its fundamental principles remain unchanged. It is provements, it is obvious that an accurate sampling essential to this step by step progress to be able and evaluation method must be employed. to measure the performance of the equipment, as In the writer’s opinion, a sampling method should usually this type of progress consists of two steps report all dirt and be capable of identifying various forward while slipping back one. kinds. The method would be satisfactory for evaluat­ Shortly after the war, we engaged in an extensive ing seed cleaning if it reported within 5 per cent of co-operative development program with Buckeye the actual dirt content of the seed. It is our opinion Cotton Oil Co. One phase of this program was im­ that the Southern Regional Research Laboratory is provement in cleaning cotton seed. Recognizing the the type of institution that can best establish a sam­ necessity for a means of measuring the dirt in cot­ pling evaluation procedure and we hope that they ton seed, we spent some time in an attempt to de­ will undertake such a project. Even though the velop a reliable method. This consisted of sampling method proves to be as laborious as that used in the the seed, screening the sample to remove fine dirt pulp and paper industry, we would recommend its and hand picking the remainder. Being unable to adoption by the oil mill industry and that industry duplicate results with this method, it was abandoned. would have to condition itself to such a lengthy and The method finally selected was to weigh each dirt costly procedure if it wished to evaluate seed clean­ fraction coming from the cleaner. Knowing the ers. weight of seed processed, we calculated the per cent Seed cleaning employs the following principles of of dirt removal and using this method compared va­ separation: rious modifications in the cleaner. The obvious fal­ lacy was the assumption that seed coming to the 1. Sizing by screens cleaner had a uniform dirt content. Another weak­ 2. Pneumatic separation ness was the failure to identify the character of dirt 3. Specific Gravity separation which was removed. It is much easier to take out a 4. Magnetic separation. Pound of sand than a pound of sticks. Assume that a shaker five feet wide and ten feet Page 46 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

long is clothed with 5/32 x 2 inch herringbone and probability applies as the frontal area of a bald seed that a layer of perfectly clean cotton seed is passing varies considerably depending on whether its long over it. Now add to the seed at the feed end a stick axis or its short axis is across the air current. which is small enough to pass through the perfora­ Magnetic separation is the most positive of the tions. Sometime during its travel it must work its methods employed and as it is generally satisfactory, way to the screen surface and the axis of the stick no further discussion of it will be made. must align itself with the long axis of the slot so While seed cleaning is limited by the rule of prob­ that gravity can pull it through— otherwise it dis­ ability, we can still make use of the fact. First find charges with the cotton seed. It is evident that sepa­ the optimum capacity for cleaner operation and in­ ration by screens is a matter of probability, so that stall sufficient machines to operate at about this if ten sticks are placed on the seed, possibly seven capacity. If under these conditions a certain piece will go through. of equipment is 70 per cent efficient and if seed is Pneumatic separation also follows a rule of prob­ passed through two such units in series, the first ability on any shape other than substantially spher­ will remove 70 per cent and the second will remove ical. Consider a piece of boll lining the size of a 70 per cent of the remaining 30 per cent or 21 per nickel. We place it in an air current with the broad cent so the combined cleaning is now 91 per cent surface facing the air stream and the force of air efficient. Therefore it is advisable to operate shakers against it is sufficient to readily lift it. However in series with the main cleaners and to further should the edge be toward the air stream, the lifting supplement them by such devices as perforated effect is slight. In addition to the frontal area of bottom conveyors, and beaters in the seed discharge a particle, another factor influencing separation is of the No. 199 Cleaners and in first cut linters. In interference with the cotton seed. The light piece other words, avail yourselves of every opportunity may start to move with the air current when it is to remove some dirt from cotton seed as no known bumped into by a cotton seed and forced to travel method can yield perfect results. in the latter’s direction. In the fan hood of a cleaner Embedded and entangled dirt adds to the difficul­ the seed is thrown horizontally across a stream of ties of cleaning. Another virtue of series operation air and in from 1/20 to 1/30 of a second we attempt is that mechanical handling will free dirt as the seed to separate irregularly shaped, light weight particles is transported from one piece of equipment to an­ from seed. Obviously the rule of probability applies other. First cut linters are excellent agitators and to this type of separation. shakers operating on seed from them will be able to Specific gravity separation can only be applied remove dirt that was entangled in the lint during successfully to the separation of bald seed and rocks the first cleaning. It is our opinion that a series as woolly seed tends to felt and travel as a blanket shaker with the entire twenty feet equipped with on a specific gravity deck. Here again the rule of self-cleaning ball sash, placed between first and

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PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April. 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 47

second cut linters, will remove a substantial quan­ infestation in the extreme South Texas area might tity of sticks and boll fragments. be lighter. I have been advocating more cleaning equipment The pink bollworm showed itself to be a very seri­ as a solution to the problem and to show that we ous cotton pest in 1952 when it did an estimated are not going to extremes we will again make a $29,000,000 damage in 38 South Texas counties. This comparison with the paper industry. It requires estimated damage was greater than all the previous about seven square feet of screen plates to screen damage from this insect in the U. S., and was also one ton of wood pulp in 24 hours. On this basis a greater than all the previous expenditures for re­ No. 199 cleaner would handle a little over seven tons search on this insect. per day. Insecticides have not proven fully effective against The more seed is handled and cleaned, the greater this insect. DDT, and mixtures containing high per­ will be the loss of lint with the dirt. It also is true centages of DDT, have been the most effective. But that if the pneumatic separator is set to pull hard heavy and frequent applications have been neces­ that some immature seed will be removed with the sary, and still did not attain full control. Some farm­ dirt. When these losses become excessive reclamation ers have spent as much as $50.00 per acre and still means will have to be employed to retrieve saleable not make full production. Valley farmers spent an products and such means are feasible. The operating average of $17.00 per bale of production in 1952 and personnel will have to condition themselves to the still lose approximately 20 per cent of their cotton use of more machinery than formerly, cleaners in crop. unaccustomed locations, and minor equipment to re­ Cultural controls in the form of planting and stalk cover the commercially useful products from the dirt. destruction dates continue the recommended prac­ While we should ever be alert to the development tices in the South Texas area. Sixty-one counties are and application of radically new methods, yet suc­ involved where these dates are effective. Early plant­ cess is still 90 per cent perspiration and the people ing and stalk destruction reduces the time in which who patiently progress by modifying and improving the worms have an opportunity to multiply. Each the old methods have been rewarded. generation of worms is greater than all of the pre­ M. D. WOODRUFF. vious generations for that season. Heaviest damage from the pest occurs in the later cotton. Any practice that will hasten the growth and ma­ SOUTH TEXAS PINK BOLLWORM SITUATION turity of the cotton crop is beneficial to the pink LOOKS BETTER bollworm control program. Early cotton insect con­ trol of thrips and aphids is an example of such prac­ The pink bollworm situation in the South Texas tice. These insects will retard the growth of the area looks some better than it did at the same time plant, and offset the advantage of early planting in 1952. This conclusion is based on fewer over­ unless they are controlled. wintering worms being found in surface debris. Comparative inspections in 28 South Texas coun­ ties show an average of 11.3 overwintering pink boll- worms per 100 bolls inspected in 1953 as compared with 51.9 worms per 100 bolls inspected in 1952. All FOR SALE of the 28 counties involved showed a decrease except five, these being Brooks, Goliad, Gonzales, Guada­ lupe, and Lavaca, according to W. C. Maxwell, dis­ One New, All Steel, 16-Inch Hydraulic Press trict supervisor. Cylinder; Standard Size; never been used; can Weather conditions are believed responsible for this decrease in overwintering worms. Conditions ship any time. Write were fayorable last fall for an early and thorough destruction of the cotton stalks. Moisture through the winter months was sufficient to hasten the de­ PEOPLES COTTON OIL COMPANY terioration of the debris and with it the destruction of the worms in the old bolls. Planting conditions P. O. Box 1180 Wharton, Texas have been much more favorable this spring for the start of the new crop with the result that the crop will be planted earlier and also in a comparatively short time. But the Texas cotton farmer should not become INDUSTRIAL CHEMIST AVAILABLE complacent over the apparent improvement in the An Egyptian industrial chemist has writ­ pink bollworm situation. The picture is not entirely ten the National Cottonseed Products Asso­ wight. The five counties listed above as having more ciation that he intends to migrate with his worms than in 1952 are well up in the upper coastal family to the United States and would like section. Other counties in the upper coastal region to contact American firms regarding the pos­ and not included in the comparative inspections, also sibility of employment. The chemist, E. A. B. lave many more over-wintering worms than in the Naggiar, has had 15 years experience in oil Past. Many West Texas counties have a heavy carry- milling, refining and pharmaceuticals. He 0Ve.1qt5)f worms. East Texas counties found infested writes excellent English, speaks five lan­ ln 1j52 may also have some carry-over in worms. guages and can furnish good references. So the areas with more over-wintering worms are Anyone who might be interested in the serv­ earer to the lightly or uninfested pink bollworm ices of Mr. Naggiar may contact him at 21 ‘ leas. This could result in a much heavier infestation Tivoli St., Soter, Alexandria, Egypt. Ver a much wider area than in 1952, although the

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS Page 48 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

NEWS FROM AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' of oil seed processing. Subjects will include extrac­ SOCIETY tion, refining, hydrogenation, deodorizing, statistical methods and quality control, vacuum techniques, in­ Chicago, 111., April 10— A total of 28 papers will be strumentation, fluid flow, heat transfer, safety, ma­ offered at the 44th annual meeting of the American terials handling, corrosion, and filtration. Registra­ Oil Chemists’ Society, to be held in New Orleans at tion fee will be $50, payable in advance to the So­ the Roosevelt Hotel, May 4-6, 1953, with J. A. Kime ciety at 35 E. Wacker Drive, Chicago 1, 111. Room as general chairman and T. H. Hopper as program and board will be payable to the college on arrival, chairman. J. D. Lindsay is general chairman. There will be a mixer on Sunday evening, May 3, the Past Presidents’ dinner on May 4 at the Com­ mander’s palace, golf tournament Tuesday and the SOUTH TEXAS COTTON CROP NOW dinner and dance that evening. Wednesday there will be an awards luncheon for the giving out of honors. UNDER W A Y Annual reports by officers and committee chair­ The 1953 South Texas cotton crop is well under men will lead off the meeting Monday, and there will way. Cotton planting has been completed in the be a business session during the convention at which Lower Rio Grande Valley, and is progressing through the election of officers will be announced, also the the upper coastal region. Early cotton insect control results of the voting on the proposal to establish has already been started. local sections. Final planting date for cotton under the state pink In keeping with the strong tradition behind the bollworm regulations in the Lower Rio Grande Val­ spring meeting in the South each year, J. J. Ganuch- ley was March 31. Planting will progress northward eau of the New Orleans convention committee has through two additional planting dates, and will be­ contributed a guest editorial to the April issue of come final in Wharton County on May 15. Fourteen the Journal about the annual meetings in New Or­ other counties are also included in the May 15 dead­ leans since 1926, full of anecdotes about early lead­ line, according to W . C. Maxwell, district supervisor. ers and events. Early cotton insect control is already under way Second event on the 1953 calendar of the Ameri­ as far up the coast as Fort Bend County. Infesta­ can Oil Chemists’ Society will be the fifth short tions of thrips and aphids on the young seedlings course, scheduled for Texas A. & M. College, College have already been found, and some farmers have Station, Texas, July 27-31, on the engineering phases started control measures. These farmers explain that it is necessary to destroy these early insects so that they will not hinder the growth of the cotton. Experienced oil mill superintendent looking Even a few days growth at this season can be very for a new location. Has some fifteen or six­ important. teen years of experience in the oil milling Every effort should be made to produce and har­ industry. Very capable in handling men. Can vest the cotton crop as early as possible. This is es­ furnish references. Write Oil Mill Gazetteer, sential not only for pink bollworm control but for P. O. Box 1180, Wharton, Texas. the economic condition of the farmer. The only safe crop is the one that has been harvested. Labor is usually more available, and prices are usually better for seed and lint during the early part of the harvest A. H. Preston, B.S. F. R. Robertson, Ph.C. O. M. Bakke, B.Sc. season. ESTABLISH ED 1904 The pink bollworm situation in Wharton County for not only 1953 but for future years depends on ^HOUSTON LABORATORIES^ the present crop. Worms are known to be over­ ANALYTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMISTS wintering in the county in greater numbers than Cottonseed, Peanuts, Soybeans, Feeds A Specialty in the past. This could lead to a heavy infestation

Members N. C . P. A. and T. C. C. A. in 1953, and perhaps much larger infestations in later years. So far early planting and stalk destruc­ 311 Chenevert Street • P. O. Box 132 • Houston, Texas tion remain the most effective control measures.

SEED CLEANERS and SEED CLEANING EQUIPMENT

S an a and Boll Reels • Shakers • Beaters • Separators

Hullers and Hull Packers

------* ------ATLANTA UTILITY WORKS East Point, Georgia

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April- 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 49

stalk destruction dates have been established for the different sections. Wharton County, and 14 other counties of the same area, have a final planting date of May 15, and a final stalk destruction date of October 20. Other counties involved in these dates are Mata­ gorda, Brazoria, Fort Bend, Fayette, Colorado, Aus­ tin, Washington, Waller, Austin, Harris, Galveston, 8«505-*tM8 ittCHK# CO Liberty, Chambers, Jefferson and Orange.

TEXAS Wharton County cotton farmers can start their 1953 pink bollworm control program now through the early planting of adapted varieties, clean culti­ vation, early season insect control, and other fea­ tures that hasten maturity of the crop. Make and harvest the cotton crop early should be the goal of every cotton farmer.

BOSTON GEAR SELECTS BRIGGS-WEAVER AS INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTOR PROMISING NEW TOXAPHENE A new form of toxaphene has been proved suc­ The Boston Gear Works, Quincy, Massachusetts, cessful in early tests, and appears promising for con­ manufacturers of power transmission equipment and trol of hitherto hard-to-kill insect pests, including component parts for over seventy-one years, re­ several species which feed below the soil’s surface. cently appointed the Briggs-Weaver Machinery Co. of Dallas, Houston and Fort Worth, distributor of Physical form of the new type of toxaphene is its complete line. Complete stocks are maintained in granular, the grains being approximately the size of Dallas and Houston. clover seed. When applied to such crops as corn or sorghum, the granules do not cling to foliage, but First shipment of stock to Briggs-Weaver in Dal­ fall into the whorls where budworms and army- las consisted of a full carload of over 8,000 separate worms are feeding, or onto the soil at the base of items from instrument gears to heavy industrial gears— sprockets, speed reducers, ratio motors, ball the plants to control cutworms, chinch bugs, and non-climbing insect pests. bearings, collars, couplings and pulleys. There are 4544 stock sizes of power transmission Work conducted at the South Carolina Experiment equipment and component machine parts for indus­ Station at Clemson on granular insecticides indi­ cates that toxaphene is effective in reducing crop try. ------losses from soil infesting insect pests if the granular material is worked into the soil. Further experiments VALLEY FARMERS SPEND $17 PER BALE FOR on granular toxaphene will be conducted during 1953 PINK BOLLWORM INSECTICIDES in important farm areas of the United States. Cotton farmers of the Lower Rio Grande Valley The technical base for toxaphene insecticides is produced by Hercules Powder Company. of Texas spent more than $17.00 per bale for pink bollworm insecticides in 1952. This cost figure is based on a production of 315,763 bales for that sea­ son, and an estimated expenditure of $5,549,000 for YOUNG SETTLED MAN WITH 11 YEARS pink bollworm insecticides used during the same EXPERIENCE IN OIL MILL SUPERVI­ season. SION DESIRES PERMANENT SUPERIN­ The insecticidal cost is a part of the estimated $28,195,000 damage done by the pink bollworm in TENDENT OR ASSISTANT SUPERIN­ 1952, according to W . C. Maxwell, district super­ TENDENT’S JOB. visor. The estimated damage occurred in 38 South P. O. BOX 1180, WHARTON, TEXAS Texas counties. Jackson County was one of the bor­ der counties of the area in which the heavy damage took place. DDT and mixtures containing heavy proportions OIL MILL SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT of DDT are the most effective insecticides against American Pulley Co. steel split pulleys and trucks; this serious cotton pest. But these insecticides are Browning Manufacturing Co. paper motor pulleys, not too effective even at very high dosages. Some sheaves, motor bases; Clipper belt hooks and lacers cotton farmers have spent as much as $50.00 per and other quality products in stock. Just call . . . acre for pink bollworm control, and still produce only about three-fourths of a crop. Such expenditures are DALLAS— 5000 Horry Hines— JUstin 0311 practical only on high producing cotton land. Most of the severe pink bollworm damage during BRIGGS-WEAVER the 1952 season occurred on late cotton. Some of the MACHINERY COMPANY late cotton was a total loss. Such a condition indi­ Distributors of Industrial Machinery cates the necessity of an early maturing cotton crop Machine Tools • Pumps and Motors s,nce 1 896 "here climatic conditions will permit. Cultural prac­ tices are a part of the state pink bollworm regula­ HOUSTON— 300 S. Wayside Drive— YUkon 3361 FORT WORTH— 222 N. University Dr.— FO-5621 tions throughout the South Texas area. Planting and

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS The above group of men attended the meeting of members Among the above group were G. A. Simmons, chairman of of the College Relations Committee of The Texas Cottonseed the College Relations Committee, H. E. Wilson, co-chairman, Crushers Association, and the Short Course Committee of the B. B. Hulsey, and J. H. Fox, members of the committee, with National Oil Mill Superintendents Association, at Lubbock, Jack Whetstone, secretary of The Texas Cottonseed Crushers Texas, March 15. The picture was made in front of the office Association, The National Oil Mill Superintendents Associa­ of the Western Cotton Oil Company’s office in Lubbock after tion Short Course Committee, represented by Ed L. Nash, the group had inspected The Western Cotton Oil Co., largest president of the N.O.M.S.A., acting as chairman in place of Cotton Oil Mill in the world. The group listed from left to J. M. Brawner, who was absent, with Cecil Chandler, Bentley right, is as follows: Front row, C. H. McClure, C. W. Rankin, Page, C. W. Rankin, M. C. Verdery, and H. E. Wilson, as Jack Whetstone, Raymond King, H. E. Wilson, J. H. Fox, members of the Short Course Committee. Dr. J. D. Lindsay L. U. Cole, M. C. Verdery, B. B. Hulsey. Second row, D. W. and Cecil Wamble, representing A. & M. College. All of the Crane, D. K. Bredeson, Roy S. Mack, Cecil Wamble, Dr. J. D. others who were connected with the Industry in and around Lindsay, O. L. (Pete) Peterman, John Young, H. D. Pete Lubbock were invited guests, except Messrs. Crane and Reeves. Back row, Otho Key, G. A. Simmons, Ed L. Nash, Bredesen, of the V. D. Anderson Company, and Lucian Cole Dixon White, Jack Douglas, Cecil Chandler, Odel Jones, of The Industrial Machinery Company of Fort Worth, Texas. Bentley H. Page.

FAN LETTER BRINGS SHOWER OF PENNIES ter, with the postscript, and asked each listener to send one cent to help buy a new typewriter for the young’ paralytic, who had never enjoyed normal boy­ hood games and had built his world around his wheel-chair and typewriter. The avalanche of coins brought more than enough for the typewriter, and when Billy suggested he would like an electric machine, Remington Rand do­ nated a new electric typewriter to the cause. Station WOWO, which is one of a chain operated by Westinghouse Radio Stations, Inc., arranged with radio station KXEL at Waterloo, la., near Billy’s home town, to utilize the 78,000 pennies to advertise Billy’s business, which is selling magazine subscrip­ tions. Joseph Dumond, manager of Station KXEL, agreed to match the time with an equal amount do­ nated by the station— and Billy Walker’s business has begun to boom. “It was just an ordinary letter, saying I liked their After going to all the trouble of counting the necessary pen­ programs,” Billy said, “but I guess it’s the best in­ nies, Harold Smith, Systems Manager of the Fort Wayne Remington Rand branch, decided to give an electric type­ vestment in letter-writing I ever made.” writer to Billy Walker. Charles Woodward, WOWO auditor, had to load up his wheelbarrow and head back to the station. OIL BEARING SEED AND NUT BULLETIN A fan-letter written by a spastic paralytic brought a shower of pennies from almost every state in the Bulletin 0-4 of the Bauer Brothers Co. illustrates union and from as far away as Bermuda and Canada, and describes hulling and separation equipment for to 22-year-old Billy Walker of Greene, Iowa. oil-bearing seeds and nuts. The machines featured Billy, paralyzed from birth, wrote a fan letter to are disc and knife hullers, pneumatic-mechanical sep­ Radio Station WOWO of Fort Wayne, Ind., pounding arators, and rotary cylinder-type beaters. They are out the words on a battered typewriter, and in a used for processing cotton seed, sunflower seed, tung postscript apologized for the typing, blaming it on nuts, peanuts, etc. The manufacturer offers engi­ his own physical trouble and the typewriter. neering and laboratory service to solve specific The letter started a chain-reaction that sent 78,000 problems. A copy of the bulletin may be requested pennies— a wheelbarrow load— rolling toward Billy. from the company at 1702 Sheridan Ave., Spring' The radio station broadcast the text of Billy’s let- field, Ohio. April' 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 51

RESEARCH ON CLEANING COTTON SEED “As one of the evident demonstrations of applied AND LINTERS URGED AT CLINIC research, we have found the pilot-plant facilities of the laboratory to be of special interest. We would like to see these facilities expanded, if necessary, to un­ dertake new studies that may arise.” M. C. Verdery, Anderson, Clayton & Company, Houston, Texas, chairman of the subcommittee on cotton seed cleaning, and F. M. Wells, Buckeye Cot­ ton Oil Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, chairman of the subcommittee on lint cleaning, discussed these prob­ lems on an industry-wide basis and made detailed recommendations for further work. Recent develop­ ments and experience in cleaning cotton seed were presented by W. C. Cantrell and M. E. Ginaven of the Bauer Brothers Company, Springfield, Ohio. The use of air separators in cleaning bollie cotton seed was discussed by Allen Smith, chemist, of Perkins Oil Company, Memphis, Tennessee. The develop­ ments in cotton seed cleaning in Texas were covered by Dick Taylor, Southland Cotton Oil Company, T. P. Wallace (center), Memphis, Tenn., discusses the use of Waxahachie, Texas; and the cleaning of cotton seed pneumatic linter attachments with Dick Taylor (left), Waxa- and removal of hulls, meats, etc., between linter cuts hachie, Texas, and F. L. Gerdes, Stoneville, Mississippi, while were discussed by the respective subcommittee chair­ attending the second Cottonseed Processing1 Clinic held at the Southern Regional Research Laboratory in New Orleans, men. Discussing “Developments in Centrifugal Sep­ March 9-10. arators,” Lucian Cole, Industrial Machinery Com­ pany, Fort Worth, Texas, reported on the results of Better cleaning of cotton seed and better cleaning the first year’s experience with these machines. of linters — the Siamese-twin problems of cottonseed Francis L. Gerdes, U.S.D.A., Stoneville Cotton Lab­ oil mills — were featured at the Second Cotton Seed oratory, Stoneville, Mississippi, spoke on “Applica­ Processing Clinic held March 9-10 at the Southern tion of Seed Cotton Cleaning Equipment to Cotton Regional Research Laboratory of the U. S. Depart­ Seed and Linters.” He stated that the ginner loses ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural and In­ by having to haul additional weight to the oil mill dustrial Chemistry, in New Orleans, Louisiana. and also by having the seed bring a lower price Ralph Woodruff, Osceola Products Company, Osce­ because of reductions in grade due to excess foreign ola, Arkansas, chairman of the Research Committee matter. T. P. Wallace, Carver Cotton Gin Company, of the Valley Oilseed Processors Association, stated Memphis, Tennessee, advocated the processing of that better cleaning of seed and better cleaning of smaller quantities of lint per machine with the pneu­ linters cannot be separated; they go hand in hand. matic linter attachment. “The smaller the volume, He added: “A great many of us are working on these the better the grade,” he added. Allen Smith said problems individually, but we feel that we need a there must be a change in cotton seed cleaning equip­ clearing house for exchange of information and be­ ment or new designs are necessary as “the present cause it will take all of us working together fast to machines just aren’t doing what we want them assure ourselves of a ready sale for our linters in to do.” the future, So with these objectives in mind we have Progress in U.S.D.A. research on cottonseed utili­ arranged this meeting and a program which will zation at the Southern Laboratory and under re­ afford an opportunity to appraise the progress being search contracts was reported on the opening day by made, and spotlight the time and serious effort the T. H. Hopper. He outlined the areas of research processors and machinery manufacturers are devot­ involved in covering all phases of seed processing ing' to solution of the problem, as well as to determine and of product utilization. These areas included com­ a future course of attack.” position of the cotton seed, processing of the seed, Eighty-nine representatives of the cottonseed in­ oil research, development of new products from cot­ dustry, state universities, and state experiment sta­ tonseed oil, fat emulsion investigations, and funda­ tions and other federal agencies met with members mental and background research such as determina­ of the Southern Laboratory staff in this working tion of physical and chemical properties of oils and conference called jointly by the Valley Oilseed Pro­ proteins and development and refinement of ana­ cessors Association and the Bureau of Agricultural lytical methods. He pointed out that the work of the and Industrial Chemistry. Eastern Laboratory on animal fats and of the North­ ern Laboratory on soybeans and soybean oil, while Members of the V.O.P.A. adopted the following not a part of the cotton seed program, contributes resolution at the close of the meeting: “That this helpful basic information and that the different second clinic has stimulated the interest of large programs are mutually beneficial. He emphasized numbers of industry. It has brought about a much the need to maintain a broad perspective as to areas setter understanding of the problems involved which in which research is needed to keep the cotton seed should lead to the continuance of a beneficial re­ economy in balance. A. M. Altschul, Southern Lab­ search program. oratory, discussed research on conditions of process­ It is recognized by this group that basic or funda­ ing to improve the quality of the oil and meal. This mental research is important and essential, but it is research, which is being conducted in cooperation • So 0U1‘ feeling that applied research is of equal with experiment stations, the National Cottonseed H Prance. It is our hope that we can present to Products Association, the cotton seed industry, and e k.R.R.L. staff from time to time some of the other bureaus of the Department of Agriculture, has essmg problems that confront this industry. pointed the way to the more extensive utilization of Page 52 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953 cottonseed meal as a source of protein in hog and poultry rations, as well as in feed for cattle. E. A. Gastrock, Southern Laboratory, reviewed pilot-plant experiments on relationship of conditions of process­ ing in preparing cotton seed to processing efficiency and quality of product. G. H. Hickox, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, stated that experiments for the Department of Agriculture at the university on hydraulic pressing of cotton seed could help the cotton oil mill decrease the residual oil left in the cake by l 1/^ per cent. J. W . Dunning, V. D. Anderson Company, Cleve­ land, Ohio, reported that tests during the last three years on the preparation of cotton seed have per­ mitted the doubling of the capacity of an expeller unit producing cottonseed oil and that about 24 mills have converted to press cotton seed by this method during the past 18 months. Four representatives of the oilseed industry serving as col­ laborators to the Southern Regional Research Laboratory of the USD A Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry NATIONAL COTTONSEED PRODUCTS met in New Orleans recently to confer with the Laboratory scientists and review and evaluate the research program on ASSOCIATION cottonseed, peanuts, tung, and rice bran and the products obtained from these oil-bearing materials. Holding a sample Research, educational activities, and marketing of cottonseed oil is Dr. C. H. Fisher, Director of the Southern problems will be discussed on the second day of the Laboratory. The collaborators looking on are, from left to National Cottonseed Products Association Conven­ right: Dr. M. L. Anson, Assistant Research Director, Lever tion in Los Angeles, May 11-12. Following regular Brothers Company, Edgewater, N. J.; E. C. Ainslie, Buckeye Cotton Oil Company, Atlanta, Ga.; Porter A. Williams, South committee reports, Albert Russell, assistant to the Texas Cotton Oil Company, Houston, T ex a s; and H. S. executive vice president, National Cotton Council, Mitchell, Director of Laboratories, Swift and Co., Chicago, 111. will address the convention on “Mellorine, a Market for Cottonseed Oil.” Legal restrictions upon the sale of this frozen dessert and prospects for their re­ Carolina, chairman of the association’s Production Research Committee, will report on the development moval will be emphasized by Mr. Russell. of non-shattering varieties of sesame seed and will A panel discussion of research and educational review research on the possibilities of other oilseed activities will be introduced by A. L. Ward, Dallas, crops in the Cotton States. Texas, the association’s educational director. He will be followed by J. E. By ram, Jr., Red River Cotton Tuesday’s session will conclude with the election of a new president and board of directors. Oil Co., Alexandria, La., who will review the prac­ tical application of research and education in his area. One of the leading poultry nutrition scientists, Dr. Miss Sally Maxey of Washington, D. C.„ was a guest in the editor’s office this past week. Miss C. R. Grau, University of California, will discuss the Maxey is the house guest of Mr. and Mrs. Harry vital role of research in extending the use of cotton­ Elliott of Richmond, Texas (Southland Cotton Oil seed meal in poultry rations. He will present the results of his own feeding experiments and report Company), and we were delighted to conduct her on on related investigations at various state experiment a tour of the oil mill and to pass on any milling stations and the Southern Regional Research Lab­ news to our good friend, Harry. oratory. E. H. Lawton, Hartsville Oil Mill, Hartsville, South Southland Cotton Oil Company, Richmond, Texas, is now in process of dismantling their old steam engine and boiler and will be operating on electric WANTED power beginning with the 1953-54 season. Sales Engineer to sell Oil Mill and Fertilizer Machinery in Texas and Oklahoma. Wonder­ The Short Course Program is now in the making ful opportunity for a man to establish him­ as the program committee members have rolled up self with an old reliable concern. Apply P. O. their sleeves, and from what we hear over the grape­ Box 1180, Oil Mill Gazetteer, Wharton, Texas. vine, we are going to have one of the most interest­ ing Short Courses ever held. D r. Lindsay and Cecil Wamble are in accord with the program committee, so make your reservations now at the recreation center, A. & M. College, College Station. Dr. Lindsay The Fort Worth Laboratories assures everyone that they can be taken care of at Consulting Analytical Chemists and the recreation center, but you should write in either Chemical Engineers to the center or D r. Lindsay at once and register Chemistry applied to all phases of manu­ for your rooms. The Short Course dates are June 24 facturing. Cottonseed products, fuel, through June 28. Letters will be mailed out to every water and feeds our specialty. cottonseed oil mill superintendent in the very near F. B. PORTER, B.S., Ch.E., President C. L. MANNING, A.B., Vice-President future, by Secretary Jack Whetstone of the Texas 828 l/z Monroe Street, Fort Worth, Texas Cotton Seed Crushers Association, giving all the details.

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April# 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 53 President Nash's Message Waxahachie, Texas, April 3, 1953. some knowledge, and which will be beneficial to the entire oil milling industry. To succeed in this pur­ Dear Friends and Members: pose, we need your help. The 1953 National Convention to be held at Fort We have only a short time left now for preparing Worth, Texas, on June 10, 11 and 12, is just around our program, so if there is a subject that anyone the corner. wants covered on the program, just let Secretary This is your convention— the program is made up Wilson or me know about it and we shall endeavor to for you, and usually is made up by you. An attempt add it to the agenda. is made to set up a program that will bring forth a Sincerely yours, full discussion on all current issues, subjects or prob­ lems. Our purpose is to present a program from E. L. “Ed” NASH, which every individual oil mill man may acquire President, NOMSA.

From Vice-President Roots Dear Fellow Members: milling approaching an end we are sure that you are We have read with interest, not unmixed with all beginning to plan attendance at the annual con­ envy, about the recent rains in many parts of Texas vention in Fort Worth, Texas. Let’s give this meet­ and we are sure that you are all feeling much more ing the publicity which it deserves and try to set an optimistic and cheerful about next year’s prospects. all-time record for attendance. We are sure the pro­ This news was encouraging to us here in Mexico gram will be one of the best yet as it seems that although we have as yet received very little rain each year adds to the complexity of our operations even in the Rio Grande Valley; however, the Texas and brings us additional problems and difficulties rains make us feel that the drouth may not last for­ for study. ever as we have been inclined to think in recent Yours very truly, months. L. C. ROOTS, With fine crop prospects and the present season’s Vice President, NOMSA.

From Secretary Wilson To the Members of N.O.M.S.A., you have been having trouble with either of the two Everywhere. above mentioned problems, we feel sure that you will Dear Members: get some good information by attending the Fort Worth Convention. Come and bring your problems We only have one more plea to make for your sug­ with you or write your Secretary your suggestions gestions on the Annual Program on what problems and then be sure to be on hand June 10, 11 and 12, at you are interested in and this is it, for it is time to the Hotel Texas, Fort Worth, Texas, but WRITE IN work the program up for publication in the May FOR YOUR RESERVATIONS NOW! issue, which is the Convention Number. President Nash, Vice President Roots, as well as your Secre­ Hoping to see each and every one of you Tuesday tary, have been working on this year’s program, but evening of the ninth, at the Welcoming Party at the we do want the membership to send in their sug­ Hotel at 7:30 p.m. where we will all get acquainted gestions and problems, if they have any, by May 1. again, register for the convention and be ready for one of the best Conventions we have had for some Your Officers are very anxious to have a program time. that will meet with everyone’s approval and we ex­ Yours very truly, pect to have several new faces on the rostrum this year, with an interesting discussion on Cleaner Cot­ HARRY WILSON, tonseed, and Cleaner or Better Grade of Lint. So, if Seeretary-Treasurer, NOMSA.

The West Coast Sixth Divisional Meeting was special bus sightseeing ride, and also the luncheon opened at the appointed time in the Sir Francis and the trip to Chinatown. Taking it all in, everyone Drake Hotel in San Francisco with quite a large came away saying that it was a very fine meeting. attendance, with Chairman Crossno and his com­ Most of the educational papers read and discussed mittee all smiles. The program was a very instructive in the convention are published in this issue of the one and nearly every subject on the program was Gazetteer. There will be a few to follow in another taken care of by those who were appointed to handle issue. Chairman Crossno and his committee did a same. There were a large number of ladies in attend­ good job and are to be congratulated on same. We ance, who were all very complimentary to the Ladies’ note that the West Coast boys have selected Phoenix, Entertainment Committee, as they seemed to enjoy Arizona, for their 1954 meeting, and the dates the special entertainment set up for them . . . the appear elsewhere in this issue. J C e w a ^ n e e

Today s high costs literally demand that you eliminate cumbersome unloading methods. Elevators, Mills and Processing Plants the country over are turning to Kewanee equipment to speed unloading, cut costs and in­ crease customer satisfaction. Owner, Shipper, Grower and Trucker ALL BENEFIT when the waiting line is done away with. Regardless of your plant size ----there is a Kewanee Dumper or Lift that will solve your problem. Consult us.

OVERHEAD TRUCK LIFTS HYDRAULIC TRUCK DUMPER Engineered for easy operation and dependable Takes all the time-consuming hard work out of performance. unloading, eliminates ‘waiting time.” • Unloads all sizes of trucks and big Tractor • Adjustable for driveways 1 1' to 1 5 '-6 " widths. Trailers. • Low Head Room. • Sizes— 25', 45' and 50' Platforms. Other sizes • Large deep flanged winding drums. Uniform special. winding. • Capacities to 100,000 lbs. • Cut worm Gear Reducer. • Scale and Non-Scale Types. • Crucible steel lifting Cables, extra flexible. • Twin Hydraulic Power Units. • Pit and Pitless Models. Pitless reduces founda­ tion costs.

FLEXIBLE LOADING SPOUTS

GRAIN GRATES Offer great flexibility to fill far ends of cars or barges. Patented renewable bottoms of a b ra ­ Kewanee Grain Grates are made of ]/2" by 3" sion - resistant steel give spouts long life and bars fitted into slanted slots in support castings. effect real savings. A remarkable feature in Ke­ This provides strength, rigidity and makes it wanee Spouts is that they always align them­ easy to remove any number of bars for entry selves so the Renewable Bottoms are down. They into the pit. Slanted grate bars insure positive take all the wear! flow of all grains into pit.

Whatever your M anufacturers of m aterial The H A M M O N D Line h an d lin g of Bucket problem, we Elevating and can help you Screw Conveying so lve it. EquiprmMit April/ 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 55

By Jane Inez Gordon

OFFICERS OF THE TRI-STATES OIL MILL Our annual convention is just a short time off, and SUPERINTENDENTS ASSOCIATION I hope each one of you will attend and help make 0. D. Easley, Southern Cotton Oil Co., this convention a real success. The committees are Memphis, Tenn...... President working hard on this meeting, but it takes each one J. Ralph Huneycutt, Planters Cotton Oil Co., of you to bring it to a successful close. If you have Pine Bluff, Ark...... Vice-President not made your reservations, I suggest that you do so L. E. Roberts, DeSoto Oil Co., Memphis, T e n n ...... Secretary-Treasurer right away. June 3-4-5 in Memphis at Hotel Peabody. Jane Inez Gordon, Woodson-Tenent Laboratories, Come and bring the family. Memphis, Tenn...... Corresponding Secretary W e want to extend a special invitation to the managers as well as others who are interested in BOARD OF DIRECTORS our Association and industry to attend the Memphis L. E. Robex*ts, Chairman...... Memphis, Tenn. convention. N. L. Pugh, J r ...... Newport, Ark. The May issue will be our special convention issue B. C. Lundy...... Greenville, Miss. E. S. Lyle...... Dyersburg, Tenn. and you will read the official program and other in­ N. Hunt M oore...... Memphis, Tenn. teresting events to take place. M. P. Letchworth...... Leland, Miss. W ith every good wish to each of you, I am 0. D. Easley...... Memphis, Tenn. Yours sincerely, STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS O. D. E A SL E Y , President, Alabama...... W. C. Hendrix...... Birmingham Tri-States Oil Mill Supt. Assn. Arkansas...... J. C. Carden...... Helena California...... H. F. Crossno...... Los Angeles Florida...... C. E. Dutton...... Pensacola PREVIEW ON TRI-STATES CONVENTION Georgia...... S. L. D avis...... Augusta Plans are shaping up fine for the annual conven­ Louisiana...... C. L. W illiam s...... Alexandria tion of the Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents Asso­ Mississippi...... L. C. Slayton...... Port Gibson ciation in Memphis, June 3-4-5 at Hotel Peabody, Missouri...... J. W. Jones...... Kennett North Carolina...... J. F. Moody Raleigh C. C. Castillow, General Convention Chairman, has Oklahoma...... M. C. Dimphl...... Chickasha announced. South Carolina...... R. T. H erring...... Ninety-Six There will be three packed-full days of activities, Tennessee...... E. M. B eatty...... Tiptonville the best of speakers for the morning sessions . . . Texas...... A. C. W am ble...... College Station plenty of entertainment for all . . . attendance prizes. Cleaning of cotton seed . . . lint cleaning . . . new RESEARCH COMMITTEE high speed expellers . . . solvent extraction opera­ E. H. Tenent, Woodson-Tenent Laboratories . Memphis, Tenn. J. R. Mays, Barrow-Agee Laboratories...... Memphis, Tenn. tions . . . will be discussed by capable speakers at Craig Sandahl, Refuge Cotton Oil Co. Greenville, Miss. the morning sessions, according to N. L. Pugh, Jr.., Southern Cotton Oil Co., Newport, Ark., program STATE PROGRAM CHAIRMEN chairman. Tennessee E. S. Lyle, Dyersburg Oil Mill, Dyersburg “W e found in checking around that these subjects Arkansas . Roy Castillow, Southern Cotton Oil Co., Little Rock headed the list in which the superintendents were Mississippi Hal Harris, Planters Oil Mill, Greenwood most interested,” Mr. Pugh said. “We are building North and South Carolina R. G. Scruggs, Farmers Cotton Oil, our program around these subjects and will hold a .. . . Wilson, N. C. Alabama and Georgia . W. C. Hendrix, Southern Cotton Oil discussion after each address. However, the commit­ Co., Birmingham, Ala. tee will welcome any other suggestions for subjects and speakers.” MEETINGS Entertainment Features Annual Convention: Memphis, Tenn., Hotel Peabody, C. C. Castillow, General Chairman June 3-4-5, 1953 Plans for entertaining the delegates are being com­ pleted. On the first day there will be an old-fashioned barbecue at Clearpool Lake. E. H. Tenent, Woodson- PRESIDENT EASLEY’S LETTER Tenent Laboratories, Memphis, is entertainment chairman and one of his committee, Granville Heckle, Memphis, Tenn., April, 1953. J. D, Heckle Belting Co., Memphis, will be in charge Dear Fellow M em bers: of the barbecue. You will remember the fine barbecue When you receive the April issue of the Gazetteer, at the last Memphis annual convention which Mr. our last regional meeting in Greenwood, Miss., will Heckle arranged, and you won’t want to miss this 3e °ver. From all indications as I write this letter, one. Pie is planning some entertainment during the We will have an unusual attendance at the meeting barbecue, too. and barbecue, and I am looking forward to attending. “We want the best entertainment possible for the * want to thank the committee for their time and delegates,” Mr. Tenent said. “And we hope everyone eiiort in arranging this meeting, C. C. Castillow and will have a good time. The banquet and dance will • C, Lundy, chairmen, and Hal Harris, who had be held at the Peabody, June 4.” clarge of the barbecue. It takes a lot of work to The ladies are going to have a full three-day round Plan these regional meetings and we owe the com­ of entertainment, which is being planned by Mrs. mittee a sincere vote of thanks. I also want to thank Louis J. Saino, Ladies Entertainment Chairman, and , le contributors in Mississippi for their contributions Mrs. O. D. Easley, President of the Women’s Auxil­ at made this meeting possible. iary, Co-Chairman. Page 56 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

“The Women’s Auxiliary is planning- something erts, parliamentarian and Mrs. S. A. Bienvenu as special to honor the visiting delegates,” Mrs. Saino historian. said. “We expect to have all plans completed to an­ Committees appointed are: Mrs. G. M. Heckle, pro­ nounce in the next issue. We certainly hope that we gram chairman. Ways and Means: Mrs. Ralph* Tro- have a large attendance of ladies.” baugh, chairman, Mrs. Lee Dabney, Mrs. M. M. Mas­ There will be a ladies luncheon on the second day son and Mrs. W . D. Davis. Finance: Mrs. Sue Davis of the convention, too. Special gift-wrapped presents, Mrs. R. E. Kinney and Mrs. Easley. Publicity and compliments of the Link-Belt Co., will be given each Scrapbook: Mrs. Louis J. Saino. Luncheon: Mrs lady attending the luncheon. These gifts are to be Frank Lucas. Flowers: Mrs. Morris Tucker. Sun­ a surprise, but they will be something real nice that shine: Mrs. John R. Rother. Attendance Prizes: Mrs the ladies can take home and enjoy long after the Jack W . Hunt. Girl’s Club Activities: Mrs. J. p convention is over. Mariencheck. Decorations: Mrs. Lynn Sides, chair­ Orchids, compliments of the Screw Conveyor man, Mrs. Woodrow Sanford, Mrs. M. Bienvenu and Corp., again will be worn by the ladies and add glam­ Miss Virginia Holly. Telephone: Mrs. Robert Mc- or to the banquet. Those who have attended past Claren, chairman, Mrs. E. S. Craig, and Mrs. C. W conventions will remember these lovely orchids, Flaig. Kennedy Hospital: Mrs. W . B. Ware, chair­ given each year at the banquet by Russell Maas of man, Mrs. George Mitchell, Mrs. H. K. Hudson, Mrs. the Screw Conveyor Corp. M. M. Masson, Mrs. Robert McClaren and Mrs. Lee If you want to enjoy some swimming, be sure to Dabney, Lamar Hospital: Mrs. E. E. Kressenberg, bring along your bathing suit . . . as at the barbecue chairman, Mrs. J. P. Mariencheck, Mrs. A. P. Holly’ at Clearpool Lake, there is an excellent pool, and Mrs. Jack Hunt, Mrs. Lynn Sides and Mrs. J. ])[ the management has made the delegates a special Heckle. Shrine School for Crippled Children: Mrs. rate, for those who want to swim. J. F. Tipps, chairman, Mrs. J. R. Hamlett, Mrs. W. D. Davis, Miss Jane Inez Gordon and Mrs. R. D. Van Watch for the official program and more details Dyke, Jr. Award Committee: Mrs. Lee Dabney, about the annual convention— June 3-4-5— in Mem­ phis at Hotel Peabody. chairman, Mrs. J. A. Farnham and Mrs. Louis j! Saino. Transportation: Mrs. C. G. Christian, chair­ man, Mrs. Jack Hunt, Mrs. S. A. Bienvenu, Mrs. NEWLY ELECTED AUXILIARY PRESIDENT G. M. Heckle, Mrs. Louis J. Saino, Mrs. Robert Mc­ ANNOUNCES COMMITTEES Claren, Mrs. George Mitchell, Mrs. J. F. Tipps and Mrs. W . D. Davis. Mrs. O. D. Easley, newly elected president of the Women’s Auxiliary to the Tri-States Oil Mill Super­ The announcement of committees followed the intendents Association, has announced her commit­ installation o f officers at Hotel Peabody. Mrs. Edgar tees for the year. She has appointed Mrs. L. E. Rob­ Lee, honorary president, was the installing officer.

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Precision ground by our new roll grinder. Send us your rolls and save time and expense of MRS. FRANK G. LUCAS shipping long distances. Mrs. Frank G. Lucas again wins the Merit Award given by the Women’s Auxiliary to the Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents Association. The award is a handsome silver bowl, with the name and date of the winner engraved on it, and is Wm. C. Ellis & Sons given to the member with the most points in attend­ ance, popularity, service work, new members and 245 So. Front St. Memphis, Tenn. president’s recommendation. Phone Day 5-0569 — Night 48-3841 Announcement of Mrs. Lucas as winner was made by Mrs. M. M. Masson, chairman of the Merit Award Committee, and presentation was made by Mrs. Louis J. Saino, outgoing president and donor of the Award at the April meeting in Memphis at Hotel Peabody. EST. The Award was initiated last year and Mrs. Lucas was chosen. She is the wife of the representative of Industrial Supplies, Inc., Memphis.

NATIONAL COTTON COUNCIL ELECTS Experience DIRECTORS Harold A. Young, North Little Rock, Ark., cotton producer, was reelected president of the National in Cotton Council at the close of their annual meeting in Dallas. Members of the Board were also elected: Oil mill Practice representatives named were: G. E. Covington, Mag­ nolia, Miss., O. L. Frost, Bakersfield, Calif., R. M. Hughes, Greer, S. C., George A. Simmons, Lubbock, F«r the liesl all-round results Texas, and L. M. Upchurch, Raeford, N. C. Ginner members: Aubrey Lockett, Vernon, Texas; Harry S. Baker, Fresno, Calif.; Garner M. Lester, Rosedowns have been making oil mill Jackson, Miss., J. F. McLaurin, Bennettsville, S. C., J. P. Ross, Essex, Mo. machinery for nearly 150 years— and Warehousemen: T. N. Drust, Columbia, S. C .; solvent extraction plants for over 50 B. L. Anderson, Fort Worth, Texas; Norris C. Black­ burn, Memphis; W . H. Smith, Galveston, Texas; years. Charles F. Manly, West Memphis, Ark. Merchants: Robert W. Dickey, Phoenix, A riz.; Our experience is at your service. Burris C. Jackson, Hillsboro, Texas; C. D. Tuller, Atlanta, G a.; Sid Y. West, West Memphis, Ark.; Ben J. Williams, New Orleans. Spinners: A. B. Emmert, Danville, V a .; C. C. Hert- ROSE, DOWNS & THOMPSON LTD wig, Macon, Ga.; J. Craig Smith, Sylacauga, Ala.; HULL • ENGLAND A. K. Winget, Albermarle, N. C., and Fred W. Designers & Makers of all kinds of Oil Mill Machinery Symmes, Greenville, S. C.

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS Page 58 OIL MILL G A ZETTEER______April, 1953

GINNERS GO TO SCHOOL In an effort to improve the quality of cotton gin­ ning through education and instruction of gin opera­ tors, four gin operator schools were held this month in Memphis under the sponsorship of ginners asso­ ciations, the extension services of Tennessee, Arkan­ sas and Missouri and the gin manufacturers. Companies participating and dates were: Conti­ nental Gin Co., April 20-21; Murray-Mitchell Co., April 22-23; Lummus Gin Co. 24-25 and Hai’dwicke- Etter Gin Co., 27-28. The schools were staffed by factory engineers who conducted classes throughout the day; each special­ izing on one phase of ginning operation. The schools were timed so that the operators could attend one or more schools if desired.

• SPECIALIZING IN METAL1ZING FLAKE ROLL MELLORINE GAINING JOURNALS Arkansas now can e n jo y that delicious product • REDUCING CENTER ON FLAKE ROLL GEARS made of vegetable oils (soybean and cottonseed oils), Mellorine. A bill to repeal the state prohibition • TURN FACE ON FLAKING ROLLS against the manufacture of Mellorine has been • EXPERT WELDING AND MACHINE WORK passed by the Arkansas legislature . . . The bill is the first break in a wall which the dairy industry • ANY TYPE FABRICATING has erected in more than 40 states prohibiting the ▼ manufacture and sale of this wholesome product. The ice cream manufacturers in Arkansas strongly supported the bill. miLTOn B0 UI6 RS (JJCLDinG CO. The bill sets up product standards similar to those 346 Madison Ave. Memphis, Tenn. of ice cream. Most important of these are a mini­ Telephone 8-2266 mum fat content of 10 per cent and a minimum con­ 24-HOUR SERVICE tent of Vitamin A. Mellorine is made the same as ice cream, except the butterfat is replaced by other edible fats. When vitamins A and D are added, as they are in mar­ garine, this product has the same nutritive value as We Specialize in ice cream. When properly made, it is said to be very difficult, if not impossible, for the consumer to tell C U L J j y f M A , J it from ice cream. This is really not a new product, for vegetable fat ice creams have been made for years in other coun­ Structural Steel Fabrication tries, such as England. In Texas about 1947-48 some for ice cream manufacturers started to make frozen des­ THE OIL MILL INDUSTRY serts using hydrogenated vegetable oils to replace the butterfat in their ice cream mix formulas. ^ Cotton Seed Houses ^ Cotton Seed Storage Bins HIGH CELLULOSE FEEDS KEY TO ^ Soy Bean Storage Tanks BETTER BEEF Improvement in production of beef will come pri­ ^ Unloading Sheds marily through learning how to convert high cellu­ ------>• Any Special Steel lose feeds into a growing and fattening ration for cattle, Dr. W. M. Beeson told the Memphis Agricul­ Fabrication Including tural Club in Memphis recently. He is head of the Angle Rolling Department of Animal Husbandry at Purdue Uni­ • versity, Lafayette, Ind. Dr. Benson listed such high cellulose feeds as soy­ Jib Cranes and Hoists bean straw, cottonseed hulls, corn cobs, cornstalks, • corn and grass silage. “At present a large proportion of these roughages Goodrich Rubber Belting is being wasted through improper use. If high cellu­ V-Belts and Sheaves lose type feeds are properly balanced, they have a potential energy value equal in many cases to the best grass or hay,” he said. "50,005 Structural & Maintenance Supplies" He advised that to properly feed cattle on rough­ ages, a supplement must be fed to contain adequate PIDGE0N-TH0MAS IRON CO. nutrients to nourish bacteria in the rumen (paunch) MEMPHIS, TENN. of cattle so that indigestible roughages can be broken down into usable form.

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April/ 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 59

“To the many roughages that are deficient in pro­ tein, add a protein supplement,” Dr. Beeson con­ tinued. “Supply adequate minerals such as salt, cal­ cium, phosphorus, cobalt and possibly iodine to On Monday morning, April 16, Miss Flor­ roughages deficient in minerals. Feed a vitamin A ence Woodward, aged sister of Past Presi­ supplement if roughages are deficient in that vita­ dent F. L. Woodward, passed away in Mem­ min. Add molasses to those low in carbohydrates. phis, Tennessee. The sympathies of the Offi­ Molasses also adds palatability to poor roughages.” cers and members of the N.O.M.S.A. go out to our good friends, Mr. and Mrs. F. L. Wood­ COTTON SEED COMPETITOR GOES ward, of Roxton, Texas. COMMERCIAL IN U.S. Some 170 modern Ali Babas with Texas drawls will start commercial production this spring of ses­ ame, one of the world’s most ancient oil seed crops, The whole seed is now used in making cookies, according to a recent article in Wall Street Journal. bread and candies. The cake left over after oil ex­ Sesame oil could soon become a first class competitor traction, like the cake from cottonseed, is a protein- to cottonseed oil, if the harvest proves profitable and rich feed for livestock. farmers in Texas believe so. The farmers and the Foundation believe they can Sesame has never been much of a commercial crop compete with other oils as to price. There are no in the U.S. It has a history dating back to Biblical figures to prove it, because sesame oil has never been times and is still raised in countries where labor is harvested mechanically before. They think they can cheap. The reason, scientists say, is that it is de­ beat the import price of 17 cents a pound for sesame hiscent . . . spreads its seeds by a shattering of the seed, which is 50 percent oil. Production costs will seedpods. These pods shatter so readily that in the be about the same as other row crops and probably past they could never be harvested by mechanical less than cotton, according to the Foundation. means, only by careful handpicking. But after about six years of experimental breed­ ing', the Texas Research Foundation has developed PIPING a strain which it thinks has commercial possibilities. The new strain resists shattering and matures even­ INDUSTRIAL — PROCESS — HEATING ly along the stalk, making mechanical picking and threshing possible. About 30 farmers in the Paris, Texas, area are willing to take a chance, according to the article, and have banded together as the Texas Sesame Seed Growers Association. They will co­ JOHNSON & LENZ operate with some 140 other Texas farmers in plant­ 293 Jefferson Ave. ing 1200 to 1500 acres of sesame in May. This seed MEMPHIS, TENN. does fine under the high-temperature, drought con­ ditions that Texas has been experiencing for the past three years. Last year, the sesame crop was the only EXTRACTION PL ANT S- crop at the Foundation, remaining unwilted at the worst of last summer’s drought. Although this crop -BO I EE R H O U S E S can be grown anywhere in the cotton belt, experi­ ments show it is most disease-resistant in dry re­ gions, making it particularly attractive for Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. TRI-STATE In investigating possible markets, it was found that vegetable oil users are encouraging the raising ARMATURE & ELECTRICAL WORKS, Inc. of this crop. One big soap manufacturer stated ses­ ame oil is better than cottonseed oil .for many prod­ £hjdt/dcal S p & r i a l h d ucts. They are offering- to buy the entire first year’s crop at an unspecified price. Sesame seed produces 321-331 BUTLER AVE. PHONE 37-8414 • MEMPHIS, TENN. a very high grade oil, staying nonrancid much longer than the other vegetable oils. Researchers at the U.S. ELECTRIC MOTORS Southern Regional Laboratory at New Orleans found MOTOR CONTROLS heat-treated cottonseed oil remained stable 180 VEE BELT DRIVES hours, while sesame oil remained stable 1,926 hours. This means food products made from oil, such as REPAIR PARTS shortening and margarine will stay fresh longer, it INDUSTRIAL PLANT WIRING is claimed. And the oil can be used in paints, drugs, Switchboards Designed, Built and Installed soaps and insecticides.

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PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS Page 60 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953 t------— ------A 25-year service pin was presented recently to CURRENTLY SPEAKING J. R. Perry of Memphis, assistant manager of Swift & Co. Feed Mill. The presentation was made by 0. H. By JANE INEZ GORDON Coay, manager, who presented five-year pins to A. L. ------Peoples, office manager and E. L. Eaton, bookkeeper. The new cotton crop is being- planted in the Mid- Mr. Perry started with the company at Chicago in South area, and present indications are that the crop 1928 as a messenger and was transferred to Mempliis in 1949. will equal that of last year. * ^ * * * ❖ About 200 bales of cotton valued at $10,000 were Big news in the offering- is the annual convention damaged by fire at the Memphis Cotton Sales Co., of the Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents Associa­ Memphis, Tenn., recently. Cause was undetermined^ tion, June 3-4-5, in Memphis at Hotel Peabody. Watch according to Pat Crawford, co-owner. The loss was for details in the May special convention issue. insured. sfc sfe sfc * * * Leland, Miss., first industry was a cottonseed oil Dr. Kenneth Kuiken, cottonseed research chemist mill, The Leland Oil Works . . . and the agricultural and head of the Nutritional Development Depart­ experiment station, just about 11/2 miles away, at ment, Buckeye Cotton Oil Co., Ivorydale, Ohio, ad­ Stoneville, Miss., is said to be the world’s largest dressed the Memphis section of the American Chem­ devoted to cotton. ical Society recently on “The Effects of Processing on the Nutritive Value of Cottonseed Meal in Live­ Vermont has repealed its law which prohibited the stock Feeding.” Earl W . Cutliph, section president, manufacture and sale of yellow margarine. It be­ presided. comes the 43rd State to legalize the product. The % * * repeal law, however, does not remove the license fees W. K. (Bill) Jennings is receiving congratulations imposed by Vermont upon wholesale and retail mar­ from his many friends on his new position as sales garine dealers. The wholesale license tax is $25 an­ manager for the Riechman-Crosby Co., Memphis. nually. The retailer’s tax ranges from $2 to $100 He is widely known in the industry, having been yearly, based on the volume of sales. connected with the Lee Wilson & Co. interests, Wil­ * * * son, Ark., and Moore-Handley of Birmingham. For the purchase of linters, the Mutual Security * * Agency has announced the allocation of $200,000 to Best wishes to D. C. “Jack” Taylor, who now rep­ Germany. The contract period extends from Febru­ resents the Hamilton Rubber Mfg. Corp., Trenton, ary 26 through April 30, with delivery permitted N. J. Jack represented the Quaker Rubber Corp. in through June 30. At the same time, MSA announced the Mid-South for 10 years. On a trip to Memphis the allocation of $50,000 to Germany for the pur­ and the Southern territory last month was George chase of linter pulp. Contract and delivery dates are C. Johnson, promotional sales manager for the Ham­ the same as those listed for linters. ilton Rubber Corp.

Early in 1952, farmers in the U.S. owned 4,250,- Hunt Moore, consulting engineer for Solvent Ex­ 000 tractors or about 300,000 more than the year traction plants, has expanded his interest and moved before. to larger quarters at 1375 Madison Ave., Memphis. The new offices are conveniently located, with plenty of parking facilities. * * * G. WORTHEN AGEE, President E. R. BARROW, Secretary and Treas. We are glad to report that Louis J. Saino, Mem­ phis, is progressing fine and has returned to Ills BARR0W-AGEE LABORATORIES offices, the F. L. Saino Mfg. Co. He underwent a INCORPORATED serious operation last month. He is the husband of Mrs. Saino, outgoing president of the Women’s Aux­ ANALYTICAL AND CONSULTING CHEMISTS iliary to the Tri-States Superintendents Association. AND ENGINEERS * * * The plans to activate a cotton sales promotion MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE group in Europe designed to function along the same lines as the promotional activities of the National Main Office and Laboratories: Memphis, Tenn. Cotton Council have been made. Council staff mem­ Laboratories: bers are in Europe this month to help in the mapping Memphis, Tenn. Shreveport, La. Tackscn, Miss. of the initial course to be taken. Council assistance Cairo, 111. Leland, Miss. as to promotional details will be continued after the original meeting on an advisory basis.

R. D. VAN DYKE JR. JOHN R. ROTHER FLETCHER B. PERRY G . ELLIS THORN President Vice-President Treasurer Secretary

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Pouring of the 20-acre concrete foundation for the grandson was named for grandpappy Granville, that new Orgill Bros. & Co. warehouse building was begun is, the "Morrell” part, being Granville’s middle name. recently. The $2 million building is due for comple­ * * * tion by the end of this year. Largest single-story Modern weed control methods have not yet com­ structure ever started in Memphis and the largest pletely replaced “hoe hands,” the U. S. Department south of Chicago, the building will be situated on of Agriculture and Mississippi Agricultural Experi­ a 35-acre tract just east of Highway 61, Memphis. ment Station report. Cross-plowing cotton was the * * * cheapest way to control weeds in 1952, but it also Europe-bound this month were Everett E. Cook, reduced yields on poor land. Hill-drop planting com­ head of Cook & Co., Clyde L. Patton, head of Patton bined with chemical weed control was the next Bros., Memphis, and C. R. Sayre, president of Delta cheapest. Both required some hand hoeing. Weeding & Pine Land Co., Scott, Miss. These cotton men are and chopping entirely by hand cost twice as much combining business and pleasure. as cross-plowing. In cross-plowing, cotton is culti­ * * * vated across the rows as well as with the rows, so Contract for the design and construction of a new that cotton is left in hills. =!< :’jc * 20 million dollar Grace Chemical Co. plant at Wood- stock, Tenn., a short distance from Memphis, has Stiles R. Fifield, branch manager of Volkart Bro. been let to the Foster-Wheeler Corp. of New York. Inc., Memphis, for several years, will join Fieldcrest John G. Carriere will be manager. It will not be com­ Mills in April as director of raw materials purchas­ pleted for about a year, it was announced. The plant ing. He will be responsible for all purchasing of spot will manufacture anhydrous ammonia, used as a cotton and will advise the management on general fertilizer and urea, a compound of 44 per cent am­ cotton policies. monia, which also is used as a fertilizer. * * * * * * Use of cotton in women’s street dresses has almost Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Switzer (Bud and Minnie) mo­ doubled since 1946. From 1937 to 1946, only 40,000 tored to California, to attend the meeting of the bales were used for this purpose. In 1952, the con­ West Coast Division, National Oil Mill Superintend­ sumption of cotton in this key apparel market ents Association in San Francisco, last month. They amounted to 77,000 bales, Dr. Leonard Smith, Wash­ also visited their son, Sidney, who is with the S. A. ington, director of utilization research of the Na­ Camp & Co. of Shatter, Calif. Bud is superintendent, tional Cotton Council, told a group of research people Humphrey County Oil Mill, Belzoni, Miss. at the meeting in March, held at the Southern * * Regional Research Laboratory, New Orleans. He further stated that since 1949, the total market for The Department of Agriculture has come up with fiber in women’s street dresses has declined, but a new flameproofing chemical designed to protect cotton has gained. The squeeze has been principally American soldiers in combat and reduce household on rayon, cotton’s strongest competitor in this fires. The chemical, good for use only on cotton fab­ market. * * * ric, was demonstrated recently by Dr. Reid T. Mil­ ner, before the National Farm Chemurgic Council in Interesting note about cotton: A cotton thread can St. Louis. * * * absorb 14 times its own weight in water! Also, Secretary of Agriculture Benson has accepted an sturdy cotton thread holds the horsehide cover on invitation to address the Mississippi Delta Council baseballs. * * * annual meeting May 21 at Cleveland, Miss. The Delta Joining the “Bib and Bottle” set is Larry Taylor, Council meeting is one of the big farm forums in 8 pounds. His father, Albert Taylor, is with the Swift the South and annually attracts large crowds. * * * Sympathy is extended to the family and friends of Arthur Davis Mosby, long a leader in the cotton linters industry, who was stricken March 13, at his SHELBY ELECTRIC home in Memphis. He would have been 52 on May 7. He had lived in Memphis most of his life. He was CO., INC. representative in Memphis area for Brandwein- Mazur Co., Chicago, and was executive officer hold­ ELECTRICIANS FOR THE SOUTH ing the title of secretary and treasurer of American Cotton Linters Association since its organization MOTORS . . . GENERATORS in 1941. * * * REPAIR SHOP SERVICE Congratulations to the Granville Heckles (J. D. Heckle Belting Co., Memphis) who will celebrate their twenty-fifth wedding anniversary on April 21. 106-118 E. Iowa Phone 9-1546 The Heckles have one grandson, 10-month-old David Morrell Huff, son of Mr. and Mrs. James Huff. Mr. Memphis, Tenn. Huff is serving in the army in Korea. The little

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PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS Page 62 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

& Co. Oil Mill, Blytheville, Ark. Also at this Blythe- Congratulations to those celebrating birthdays in ville mill, Walter Davis has a new daughter, Lindell. April: Oscar Wilkins, Woodson-Tenent Laboratories Both arrived in January, but news of this just Memphis; J. P. Tillman, Planters Oil Mill, Green­ reached us. Congratulations. wood, M iss.; R. Barry Sample, Fort Worth Steel & “Orchids” in writing was presented to this mill Machinery Co., Fort Worth, Texas; C. W. Hoover by the Blytheville Chamber of Commerce for their Lee Wesson Co., Victoria, Ark.; E. S. Lyle, Dyers- completion of a full year without a lost-time injury. burg Oil Mill, Dyersburg, Tenn.; R. E. Smith, Buck­ * * * eye Cotton Oil Co., Greenwood, M iss.; E. M. Beatty Lester Wienert, chemist, has been welcomed at the Lake County Oil Mill, Tiptonville, Tenn.; Ralph Swift & Co. Oil Mill, Memphis. He was transferred Huneycutt, Jr., Planters Oil Mill, Pine Bluff, Ark/ from Chicago, and his work will be closely associated P. T. Pinckney, Sr., Lake County Oil Mill, Tipton­ with the new solvent extraction plant. ville, Tenn.; Hart Johnson, Tuckway Farms, Dyers­ * * * burg, Tenn.; W. R. Johnston, Buckeye Cotton Oil Superintendent Seely, Swift & Co. Oil Mill, Pales­ Co., Greenwood, Miss.; and Hubert Phelps, Hubert tine, Texas, and his crew have completed the instal­ Phelps Machine Co., Little Rock, Ark. lation of a new lint flue system and a new baling * * * press. Construction of a new lint shed has also been The Department of Agriculture has been wracking completed. its collective brain recently to devise a means of holding down cotton production in 1953. The suggestion that 1953 be taken out of the records in comput­ ing acreage allotments has been w h e r e 's A GOOD considered and discarded. It was pointed out that this same effort PLACE TO Buy was made in 1949 with the result that farmers increased plantings S & A IN 5 TORA 0 E by 4,500,000 acres.

TAMK 5 ? Highest quality cotton crop since the mid-thirties was ginned from the 1952 South-Central States har­ vest, Clyde C. McWhorter of Pro­ duction and Marketing Administra­ tion’s Cotton Branch in Memphis reported. TQV LEWIS-THEY * * * The Dabney-Alcott Supply Co., ALWAYS SEEM TO HAVE Memphis, Tenn., exhibited a work­ MORE OFT^ETHINSS ing model American Pulley Co.’s bucket elevator at the Mid-South I N E E D / / Gin Supply Exhibit, held in Mem­ phis last month. The elevator was complete with screw conveyor, us­ ing their new Shaft King reducer, V-belt drives, adjustable sheaves and motor bases. Also exhibited YOUR BEST BET FOR A ONE STOP was a complete line of Black & Decker tools. SOURCE FOR INDUSTRIAL SUPPLIES All those who registered at the exhibit were eligible to draw for a Whatever your needs in industrial supplies and equipment you can prize, and it was won by Joe P. count on Lewis Supply Co. for top helpfulness in quickly filling Davis of R. C. Davis Grain & Ele­ vator Co., Charleston, Mo. He was your requirements. One of our strongest points has always been delighted to walk off with the i^/y the varied and complete lines of products we distribute for more inch Black & Decker electric drill than 500 quality manufacturers. Normally we carry in stock most which was the prize. of the standard items needed by plants in this area. Today, in spite of difficult conditions, we are still maintaining representative inventories of most industrial supplies, although “Please don’t just drop me on many items, notably steel, are in short supply. And in these times the beach and leave me,” implored our factory-trained sales personnel and our well-staffed Engineer­ the cutie as the lifeguard lugged ing Department can be of particular value to you in helping work her ashore. “Give me artificial res­ out alternate solutions to your problems. piration— or something.” * * *

“Good Gosh, Joe! What ya smok- in’ in that old pipe?” LEWIS SUPPLY CO. “That’s my business!” ^ 477 S. Main St. • Memphis, Tenn. • Phone 5-6871 ^ “That’s what I thought, but I don’t see how you get it to burn.

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April* 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 63

WM. C. ELLIS & SON INSTALL ROLL GRINDER When delivery of the new roll grinder, the only FOR SALE known one in the Mid-South area, was made to Wm. C. Ellis & Son, machine and foundry shop, 245 South GOOD USED MACHINERY FOR SALE Front St., Memphis, traffic was halted and a cordon Special (almost new): All machinery in 100- of police officers were on the scene assisting- in un­ ton Solvent Mill including preparation, Meal loading this giant machine weighing 74,000 pounds handling, boiler. and 29 feet long. Also have several French Long Barrel Presses This new machine will save the cottonseed and and Anderson Superduo Expellers, California soybean mills time and expense in having their flak­ Pellet Mills and other machinery. We can save ing- rolls, cracking rolls and 5-high rolls precision you money. ground in Memphis. The roll grinder will take up to y 30-inch diameter and 200-inch face length rolls. Wm. C. Ellis & Son have been in business for over L. L. FORD ASSOCIATES 90 years and have one of the most modern and well Greenville, Mississippi equipped plants in the Mid-South area. The plant has been in the family for four generations and is now owned by young Henry Ellis, III. The oil mills of the Mid-South have come to depend upon this firm when breakdowns occur, as they give serviee day and night at all times. They also have an engineer­ ing service and build all types of special equipment and machinery. With the new roll grinder, this firm is in position to give added service and expert workmanship to the oil mills on their rolls, thereby increasing capacity and efficiency in the mill operations.

GINNERS EXHIBIT HOLD 2 MILLION DOLLAR SHOW ffALL WEATHER w Use Anywhere! The 2 million dollar display of ginning machinery, equipment and You can use standard Robbins & Myers Motors anywhere . . . educational displays held in Mem­ phis March 23-25 attracted more where it’s dry, dusty, humid, wet; in mild acid or alkaline fumes. than 3500 visitors to the second an­ Nowhere else can you get this performance— protection on a stand­ nual Mid-South Gin Supply Exhibit. ard motor: shrouded end-heads . . . rust-inhibited rotor and A speakers program was held shaft . . . stator and sheli protected from moisture by a baked-on each morning. During the three- coating of “Robbinite” . . . cast-iron end-heads and gasketed ter­ day exhibition, the Arkansas-Mis- souri Ginners Association, Tennes­ minal box with anti-corrosion treatments . . . sealed lead-ins . . . see Ginners Association and Na­ screened end-head openings . . . repellent grease that keeps mois­ tional Ginners Association held ture away from the fully-sealed pre-lubricated ball bearings. Here their annual meetings. is a special kind of standard motor. Yet with all these expensive J. E. Teaford, Luxora, Ark., was extras, it costs you no more. Write, phone, or drop in for more elected president of the Arkansas- Missouri Association to succeed details— there’s no obligation. Mr. Ross. A. L. Story of Charles­ J. E. DILWORTH COMPANY • 730 SOUTH THIRD ST., MEMPHIS, TENN. ton, Mo., was named vice-president; DILWORTH OF MISSISSIPPI, INC. • WHOLESALE ROW • JACKSON R- D. Hughes, Blytheville, Ark., secretary, and Miss Nancy Holland DILWORTH OF ALABAMA, INC. • A.G.S. & HARGROVE RD. • TUSCALOOSA of Blytheville, assistant secretary.

. Woman Guest at party: “Where !s ^at pretty maid who was pass- DILWORTH lng out cocktails a while ago?” Another Guest: “Oh, are you looking for a cocktail?” band”’ ^'m looking- ^or hus- Serves the Mid-South on Machinery * * * and Industrial Supplies that the only thing .tier than a peach on a limb is WAREHOUSES IN MEMPHIS • JACKSON • TUSCALOOSA a|imb on a peach.

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS Page 64 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

E. S. LYLE IN HOSPITAL Inc. They are all members o f the Southern Industrial We are sorry to report that E. S. Lyle, superin­ Distributor’s Association. tendent, Dyersburg Oil Mill, Dyersburg, Tenn., suf­ fered a heart attack and is in the Baird-Brewer BARBECUE AND MEETING OF TRI-STATES Hospital in Dyersburg. ASSN. ATTRACT LARGE ATTENDANCE Mr. Lyle is widely known in the industry and a It was a wonderful barbecue . . . a grand meeting prominent member of the Tri-States Oil Mill Super­ . . . and a beautiful sunny day for about 200 mem­ intendents Association. bers of the Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents As­ The many friends of Mr. Lyle and the staff of the sociation and their wives who gathered in Green­ Gazetteer extend best wishes for his quick and com­ wood, Miss., April 4, for the Spring Regional Meet­ plete recovery. ing and Barbecue. Chairmen for the affair were C. C. Castillow and B. C. Lundy of Greenville, Miss., assisted by Bill MILL SUPPLY EXECUTIVES ON TELEVISION Simpson and W . E. Quinn of Greenwood, Miss. Hal Nine mill supply executives of Memphis made their Harris, district manager, Planters Oil Mill, Green­ debut on television March 22 when they were chosen wood, was in charge of the barbecue. The barbecue as a panel of experts on “Your Career in Industrial was made possible through contributions from the Distribution,” which was sponsored by “Your Future oil mills and supply firms in Mississippi. Unlimited,” a program in Memphis every Sunday The men met at 2 in the afternoon for a business- afternoon at 2:30 over WMCT. program session in the auditorium at City HaU. The purpose of this particular program was to President O. D. Easley of Memphis presided and apprise young men and women what to expect should introduced Mayor Sample of Greenwood who gave they make a career of Industrial Distribution. Each the welcome address. Sunday a different industry is featured and experts Principal speaker was former Congressman for in the field comprise a panel for interviews. 26 years, Will M. Whittington. He discussed some The panel on the Industrial Distribution program of the major problems that confront the country, in­ were: R. D. Van Dyke, Jr., Industrial Supplies, Inc.; cluding highways, providing schools for both white W. L. Wellford, Jr., J. E. Dilworth Co.; E. C. Black- and colored in the South, and driving of automobiles stone, E. C. Blackstone Co.; George B. Hays, Hays by those who should not be driving, causing hun­ Supply Co.; A. L. Dabney, Jr., Dabney-Alcott Supply dreds of unnecessary deaths that are mounting daily. Co.; W. K. Jennings, Riechman-Crosby Co.; L. E. “All types of industry, such as the oil milling in­ Johnson, Lewis Supply Co.; Phil Pidgeon, III, Pid- dustry, are interested in these problems,” he said, geon-Thomas Iron Co., and W. L. Quinlen, Choctaw, “Our highways are wearing out faster than we can build them. One of the major contributions to this is the mammoth trucks with excessive tonnage that travel the highways.” He believed all these problems could be solved if O J n S i o c k - - - we have good progressive citizenship with reasonable taxation. ELECTRIC MOTORS Oil Milling Discussed MOTOR CONTROL Conducted by R. L. (Luke) Loggins, Blytheville WIRING SUPPLIES Cotton Oil Co., Blytheville, Ark., a general discussion REPAIR PARTS was held on oil milling problems. PULLEYS-SHEAVES-BELTS Hunt Moore, consulting engineer for solvent ex­ traction, briefly discussed the latest progress in sol­ Call Us for Dependable Mofor Repair vent extraction. Service “The industry right now is trying to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of straight extraction Largest Stock of Motors in the South and prepressing before extraction,” he said. “We are in a transition period and the industry is weigh­ ing both sides.” A lively discussion was also held on lint room prob­ lems and seed cleaning. Convention Committee Reports C. C. Castillow, General Convention Chairman for the annual Convention in Memphis, June 3-4-5, re­ ported that plans were going along nicely and all the committees were busy working on the program. N. L. Pugh, Jr., Program Chairman, reported that the speakers program would be completed soon and that there would be addresses on cleaning of cotton " Let Us Know Your Power Requirements' seed, lint cleaning, the new high speed expeller proc­ ess and solvent extraction. E. H. Tenent, Entertainment Chairman, ann oun ced Industrial Electric and Supply Co. that plans were complete for the annual banquet and Phone 37-1681 Front at Auction dance at Hotel Peabody, and for a barbecue on the MEMPHIS, TENN. first day of the Convention at Rainbow Lake. Gran­ ville Heckle will have charge of this event. Theie

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April/ 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 65

will also be some attendance prizes awarded at the and Mrs. D. M. Booth, Tunica, Miss., and Mr. and opening sessions each morning. Mrs. Claude French of Greenwood. The ladies entertainment is being completed by Greeting friends were M. M. Masson, Fay and Mrs. Louis J. Saino, Chairman and Mrs. 0. D. Easley, Granville Heckle of Memphis, Mr. and Mrs. Carl Co-Chairman. The Women’s Auxiliary will honor the Christian of Memphis with Woodson Campbell of visiting ladies at a Coffee on the last morning at Hollandale, Miss. . . . the John Covingtons of Green­ 10:00 o’clock. The ladies will also be entertained with ville, R. A. Harris, Yazoo City, Miss., E. W . Marx, a luncheon on the second day. Both events to be Hollandale, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Miller, Winona, Miss. held at Hotel Peabody. The Link-Belt Company will . . . R. L. Carter, Greenville, chatted with the S. W . present each lady attending the luncheon with a gift- Maxwells and the S. C. Maxwells of Crenshaw, Miss. wrapped package. . . . from Arkansas came Roy Castillow, Little Rock, The Screw Conveyor Corp., Hammond, Ind., will and N. L. Pugh, Newport, commenting on the ex­ present each lady attending the banquet with an cellent barbecue with J. R. Mays, Memphis . . . Presi­ dent O. D. Easley and Mrs. Easley, President of the orchid corsage. Women’s Auxiliary, the B. C. Lundys of Greenville, Barbecue Enjoyed Bill Simpson and W. E. Quinn of Greenwood, seeing After the meeting, the group drove to McIntyre that everyone had plenty of barbecue and Hal Harris Lake for a delicious barbecue of ribs and chicken. receiving lots of praise. Hal Harris, “Barbecue King” lived up to his reputation for the finest barbecue in the South. Everyone went back for repeat portions. The distaff side looked lovely in their pretty spring outfits . . . chat­ ting together were Minnie and Bud Switzer, Belzoni, Miss., Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Castillow, Greenville, Miss., Mr. and Mrs. Charlie Ma­ lone, Webb, Miss., commenting on the delicious barbecue were: Char­ lie Sisson, Jackson, Miss., Hunt Moore, Bill Jennings and John West, Memphis . . . milling around greeting friends were Mr. and Mrs. Gus Richardson, of Memphis, Mr. and Mrs. Martin Letchworth, of Leland, Miss., Mr. and Mrs. S. F. Crawford, Rosedale, Miss., Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Tillman of Greenwood, Mr. and Mrs. E. A. Gaulding of Jackson, Miss., Mr. and Mrs. L. E. Roberts, Memphis . . . especially en­ CATTLE joying the third helping of barbe­ cue was J. P. Mariencheck of Mem­ FEEDING PROBLEMS phis, with Mrs. Mariencheck . . . a nice group were Mr. and Mrs. Q. B. Fortenberry, Jackson, Miss., Mr. CHANGE TO PROFITS... Simply and Quickly the Williamson Way! MEET THE BICr SHOTS AMD LIVE WIRES AT THE CONVENTION ! CATTLEMEN ! A phone call to Williamson will change your feeding problem into profit.

THIS SEAL ★ Experienced, skilled engineering service IS YOUR PROTECTION ★ Complete modern equipment ★ Custom designers and builders

supply the answer to every feeding p rob lem . It costs nothing to learn more. Write or phone now. m

CATTLE ^ ^ FEtDING

EQUIPMENT ORIGINATORS OF PUSH-BUTTON FEEDING io h n w . WILLIAMSON & s o n s , in c . Don!t miss this OPPORTUNITY 1 5 45 South Greenwood Avenue, Montebello, California • Phone UN ion 8-2121 PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS Page 66 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

SOUTHERN PRESS CLOTH MANUFACTURING COMPANY

FIELDING WALLACE, President

AUGUSTA, GEORGIA

W e are in position to supply

OUR SPECIAL BRAND OF NYLON PRESS CLOTH which users tell us is the best Press Cloth on the market

W e also have a limited supply of both all-wvhite wool and gray wool presscloth

Our 35 years of unusual, satisfactory service to the trade is our guarantee that you will lie pleased with all of your transactions with this company.

We will welcome and appreciate your business

OUR REPRESENTATIVES:

Louis Tohian and Co. Southern Engineering and Supply Co. 1512 Cotton Exchange Bldg., Dallas 1, Texas Vicksburg-, Mississippi For Texas and Oklahoma For Louisiana, Mississippi and Tennessee

Sana A . Sanders W e rth e im e r R ag C om pany 724 Boyle Bldg., Little Rock, Arkansas Birmingham, Alabama

Wertheimer Hag Company Wilmington, North Carolina

Telephone or telegraph us collect whenever we can serve you

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April* 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 67

News of the Southwest

'Ey FLOYD CARPENTER — - — -

Company, that the plant would be dismantled and moved out to other locations of its operating plants. * * * Welsco Company of Fort Worth, Texas, has been named Allis-Chalmers general machinery division distributors for several Texas areas. Benson G. Wells established the company in December, 1952. It dis­ tributed Allis-Chalmers motors and controls in 42 Reports from the West Coast meeting at San counties in the northeast central, east central, central Francisco are very enthusiastic, and are indicative and north central sections of Texas. of a very successful gathering. The boys out there * * * usually do it up fine, and we are sure that everyone who attended was well pleased. Producers Cotton Oil Company of Arizona has * * * opened one of the most modern mechanical cotton seed delinting plants in the Southwest. Recognizing We had a fast motor trip through Louisiana, the need for quality planting seed for their cus­ Mississippi and Southern Arkansas during the third tomers, Producers Cotton Oil Company invested ap­ week of March and found that part of the country proximately $110,000 in the new delinting plant very green and pretty during the first stage of which has a capacity of 60 tons per day. The plant Spring. They experienced lighter rainfall than usual is located at the company’s mill in Phoenix. The all in most of that section during the Fall and came out new equipment in the plant consists of a 60-inch with a better grade of cotton seed — their analysis Bauer Bros. Pneumatic mechanical seed cleaner, ten showing lower fatty acid and oil having lower than 76-saw Carver linters, one 54-inch Carver safety usual refining loss. Most of the streams through shaker, a Model G -l Gustafson slurry treater, one Arkansas were high on the banks, indicating plenty Model BC-4 Fort Worth mote beater, a Fort Worth of recent moisture, and it appeared that everyone in 4-pass lint cleaner, and a 24-by-48-inch Murray high Arkansas had turned out to go fishing — all passing density lint press. cars either were towing a boat or else had fishing * * * poles sticking out the windows. South Dakota is the most recent state to allow * * * the sale of yellow margarine. The State of Iowa is We have had a request for test data concerning expected to soon legalize the sale of this product, the average percentage of uncut seed going to the which will leave only two states, Wisconsin and Min­ rolls. We, personally, have never run this test, and nesota, both major dairy states, as the only states wonder if there are any readers who have this infor­ in the Union which restrict margarine to the white mation at hand who would be willing to send it to form. us for publication, or to pass on to the interested * * * parties. Of course, this percentage would depend H. C. McElreath, general superintendent of Rule- upon the separating equipment being used, and most Jayton Cotton Oil Company, Stamford, Texas, re­ likely would vary from one mill to another. But with ports that he is up and about again after a three- good hulling equipment, good separation and cor­ month convalescence from a light heart attack. He rectly operated hull and seed machines working seed further reported that the drouth took its toll of of much the same variety, the percentage should be cotton seed in his area and gave his mills a short­ small enough to be of no consequence. ened operation. According to Mr. McElreath, some * * * of the West Texas seed took 2800 pounds to make One operator of a hydraulic mill we consulted re­ a ton, thereby cutting into the company’s profits cently has been consistently producing cake fats of and leaving them very little to go fishing with during 4.75 per cent. He reports that much of this is ac­ the summer months. Mr. McElreath is 81 years complished in his cooking technique. He adds his young. Elsewhere on these pages is a photo and moisture ahead of the rolls, and NONE in the cooker. other information about Mr. McElreath. The meats enter with the top kettle showing 25 * * * pounds pressure and 155 degrees temperature. The The village blacksmith found an apprentice and pressure then builds up to 40 pounds and the tem­ immediately began his instructions to the lad: perature to 240 degrees in the bottom kettle, with “When I take a shoe out of the fire, I’ll lay it on the lightest load possible being carried in the cooker. the anvil; and when I nod my head, you hit it with However, with extremely dry seed it might be im­ the hammer.” The apprentice did just as he was told. possible to add enough moisture ahead of the rolls. Now he’s the village blacksmith. Also, operating on a 45-minute time with 5000 psi * * * Pressure in the presses lends something to lower Zeke went with Daisy Mae for about 10 years but fats as well. never proposed to her because he first wanted to * * * own some property and an automobile. At last he The Cooper Cotton Oil Company of Cooper, Texas, could afford both, so he called her up. “Honey,” he recently closed its doors for the last time, completing said, “I’ve got a car, I’ve got a house and a thousand 50 years of operation in the cottonseed industry. It dollars in the bank. Now will you marry m e?” was announced by the owners, Chickasha Cotton Oil “I sure will,” she replied. “W ho’s this speaking?” Page 68 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953

INTRODUCING OSCAR F. BRITTON INTRODUCING HORACE V. McELREATH

H. V. McElreath is general superintendent of Rule- Jayton Cotton Oil Company, Stamford, Texas. He is 81 years of age, was horn on Novem ber 17, 1871, at Oscar F. Britton is superintendent of South Texas Marietta, Cobb County, Georgia. Cotton Oil Company at Hearne, Texas, and has Mr. McElreath writes that he started in oil milling served his company in this capacity for the past as a “seed house flunky” at the old Sherman mill, four years. where he used to go tell the boss when the chain He was born in Waco, Texas, on March 3, 1896. came off the seed conveyor. Later, he assisted the He married Marylou Cahill and they have three French Oil Mill Machinery Company in installing the grown children., two sons and one daughter. Cage system in a mill at Durant, Oklahoma. He says Mr. Britton joined South Texas Cotton Oil in 1941 that in 1903, the chills ran him out of Oklahoma, at their Corpus Christi, Texas, plant as a flaxseed and he was later the City Recorder of the city of operator, and remained there six years before trans­ Cumberland. ferring to Hearne. Previous to this period he was Around 1905 he moved to Munday, Texas, and superintendent for Brazos Valley Cotton Oil Mill in assisted H. J. Thieson in building the Munday oil Waco from 1937 to 1941. Mr. Britton began his oil mill, and afterwards he was superintendent of this milling career in 1916 with the old Industrial Cotton mill for three years. He says, “The company moved Oil Company at Waco and served that company until me to Rule, Texas, and we built the Rule mill. I was 1937, taking time out in 1918 for service in the superintendent until 1916, then built the Jayton United States Army during World War I. mill. Mike Dimpfl was superintendent at Rule while He has been a member of the National Oil Mill I built Jayton. I went back to Rule as superintendent Superintendents Association since 1938, and is a for several years until our company bought the Big member of the Methodist Church in Hearne. Senson mill at Stamford. We put in all new machin­ ery and built a general office there. We had mills at Wifey: “Don’t you think, dear, that a man has Rule, Stamford, Spurr, Knox City and Haskell at more sense after he is married?” that time. All have since been discontinued except Hubby: “Yes, but it's too late then.” Stamford and Rule on account of bad crop condi­ tions.” Mr. McElreath adds further, “After two sea­ Life is just what you make it . . . allowing for in­ sons at Stamford, lint was so cheap it would not pay terference from your wife, family, the government, to cut it. We had a 120-ton mill, so A . C. Helm and and the boss. I built a seed masher and ran only two linters for 120 tons, and let the mashed seed go to the rolls. We used a set of flour mill rolls at one mill.” For seed preparation ahead of During the 1951-52 season, Mr. McElreath pressing ...and for meal grinding changed the Rule mill from an 8-press hydraulic to French Screw Presses, and this year changed the Stamford mill to Anderson Expellers, and added a seed tank, cooling system for cake, installed a black disintegrators seed tank and changed the mill to electric power. He added, “Lucian Cole and F. O. Davis made our A model for every size mill. drawings.” Assures uniform particle size Mr. McElreath married Eva Armstrong, and they without clogging. Exclusive have had six children, three girls and three boys. differential discharge features. Four of their children are now living. His brother, Write for Technical Bulletin No. 103 C. N. McElreath, was manager of the Durant, Okla­ Equipment for the food and chemical process industries homa, mill and gin for many years prior to his death. He joined the National Oil Mill Superintendents Association in 1910 at San Antonio, Texas, and is MANUFACTURING CO also a member of the Methodist Church at Stamford, SANTA ROSA, CALIFORNIA the Rotary Club, and Past President of the I.O.O.r-

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS April, 1953______OIL MILL GAZETTEER Paqe 69

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Another Outlet For Vegetable Oils From American Farms Mellorine, a nutritious new product made with soybean and cottonseed oils, can become another major market after clarifying legal action.

By E. M. DECK the generic name of “Mellorine” will be used by most Manager, Products Service Department, states and probably will be used in federal standards, Mrs. Tucker’s Foods, Inc., Sherman, Texas if and when they are set up. The annual production of ice cream in the United Missouri and Illinois apparently have no laws pro­ States is approximately 600 million gallons, which is hibiting the manufacture and sale of vegetable fat equivalent to about 270 million pounds of butterfat. frozen desserts. The past two years have seen a rapid This 270 million pounds of butterfat is said to be growth of the production of Mellorine-type products somewhat less than 10 per cent of the total butterfat in Missouri and Illinois, following much the same produced in the United States. pattern as in Oklahoma and Texas. The large na­ In the last four or five years the price of butterfat tional manufacturers such as National Dairies, Bor­ has been high and in some cases, this high price den, Carnation, Foremost, Beatrice Foods, and others seemed to be pricing good quality ice creams out of as well as the independent ice cream manufacturers, the market. Many families were not able to pay the are now making this new food product in the states high price necessary for ice cream or they felt they where it has been legalized or where it is not pro­ were getting more for their money by purchasing hibited. other foods. The indications are that many states will legalize Ice cream manufacturers began to look around for the Mellorine-type products this year and that within some means of holding their business. Some tried the next few years a federal standard of identity low butterfat ice creams, where -their state laws will probably be set up. would allow it. Others tried ice-milk products and Mellorine is made the same as ice cream, except others tried frozen novelties, others frozen custards the butterfat is replaced by other edible fats. When and some tried to push the sale of sherbets. None of vitamins A and D are added, as they are in marga­ the products seemed to fill the bill. rine, Mellorine has the same nutritive value as ice In Texas, along about 1947-48, a few ice cream cream and it is a good, wholesome, new food product. manufacturers started to make frozen desserts using When properly made, it is very difficult, if not im­ hydrogenated vegetable fats (soybeans and cotton­ possible, for the consumer to tell it from ice cream. seed oils) to replace the butterfat in their ice cream The vegetable fats used in Mellorine or frozen mix formulas. This was not a new invention at all, desserts cost 18 to 25 cents per pound as compared because some vegetable fat had been used during the to butterfat at 80 cents to $1.15 per pound. The war, and vegetable fat ice creams have been made Mellorine has been retailing at 69 to 89 cents per for years in other countries, such as England. half gallon as compared to ice cream at 90 cents to The use of vegetable fats in ice cream or in any $1.25 per half gallon. product resembling ice cream has been illegal in in­ Some ice cream manufacturers tried to sell 6 per terstate commerce in the United States and in many cent butterfat ice cream or ice-milk against a 10 of the states. In some states the laws are not too per cent vegetable fat Mellorine. In nearly all cases strict on this point, so the vegetable fat frozen des­ this proved unsuccessful because a 10 per cent veget­ serts got started under such names as “Frosty able fat Mellorine has an eating quality like a 10 Kreme,” “Mello Kream,” etc. per cent butterfat ice cream, which in both cases is This new food product met with such ready accept­ much better than a 6 per cent butterfat ice cream ance by the consuming public both as to quality and or ice-milk product. as to price, which was lower than ice cream, that The consensus of thinking of ice cream manufac­ many other ice cream manufacturers started to make turers is that the new food product, Mellorine, is it. The legality was challenged, but there seemed to here to stay and it will give them another product be no legal reason that this new food product could to add to their line. They do not want this product not be made and sold as long as it was properly to go to some other group as was the case with labeled and sold for what it really was. margarine. For this reason, the ice cream manufac­ The Texas Dairy Products Institute then got busy turers are trying to get standards of identity set up and wrote a standard of identity for this vegetable so they can make it in their present plants where fat frozen dessert and gave it the generic name of they already have the necessary equipment and “Mellorine.” This definition of standard was passed facilities for making and merchandising Mellorine by the Texas State Board of Health and today Mel­ for what it is — a new food product and not ice lorine is legal in the state of Texas. The Mellorine cream. standard is very similar to the Texas state ice cream So far, two types of fats have been sold to the standard, except the minimum fat content of Mello­ Mellorine manufacturers. One is the coconut oil rine is 6 per cent while the minimum butterfat con­ group, or imported fat. This fat has been used tent of ice cream is 8 per cent. straight and blended with hydrogenated soybean Oklahoma has set up a standard of definition for and/or cottonseed oil. There are a lot of pros and Mellorine very similar to the Texas standard. cons on the use of coconut oil, but it appears likely Arkansas is in the process, as are many other states, it will follow the same cycle it did in margarine. of setting up a standard of identity for vegetable Originally, animal fats were used in margarine. fat frozen desserts. At present, it looks as though Then later, coconut oil was used by practically every ApriL 1953 OIL MILL GAZETTEER Page 71

m argarine manufacturer. Along in the mid ’ 3 0 ’s, hydrogenated cottonseed oil was developed for use FIRST AND FOREMOST SINCE 1925 in margarine. It produced a better margarine than coconut oil and today practically all margarine is made from hydrogenated cottonseed or soybean oil. FOR THE There is a greater production of soybean oil than cottonseed oil in the United States today. New proc­ ELEVATION OF essing methods have made hydrogenated cottonseed BULK MATERIALS oil and soybean oil interchangeable. The hydrogenated cottonseed and/or soybean oils are doing such a good job in margarine that even when coconut oil is lower in price, as it frequently is, there is no tendency for margarine manufacturers Specify to go back to the use of coconut oil. While some coconut oil is being used now by Mellorine manufacturers, the indications are that GENUINE once they get through the experimental and explora­ tory stage, they will settle down on hydrogenated SOUTHWESTERN cottonseed and/or soybean oil (both products of American farms) as the best fat for Mellorine. This 'R o t o k is already the case with those who have been making Mellorine for two years or more. In Mellorine, hydrogenated cottonseed and/or soy­ bean oil produce a product with melt down character­ istics, eating qualities, and resistance to heat shock much more like that obtained with butterfat than is Nine Distinct Types obtained with coconut oil in Mellorine. In addition, the plastic hydrogenated cottonseed and/or soybean For the elevation of free-flowing oil products are much more convenient to handle and bulk materials, genuine Southwest­ store than coconut oil products. The manufacturers of Mellorine, if they continue ern Rotor Lifts are engineered to to advertise and promote their ice cream, will usu­ out-perform any competitive unit ally hold their current ice cream business and the anywhere, anytime. Designed for Mellorine will be new or extra business. In cases where most of their promotion goes on the Mellorine either vertical or inclined operation product, their ice cream business usually suffers at with skill and care of craftsman­ the expense of Mellorine, but the over-all total sales increase. ship, this unit is all m etal, dust-tight This year approximately 270 million pounds of and waterproof. With fewer oper­

butterfat were used in ice cream. An increase of only ating parts, less maintenance and 10 per cent in business due to Mellorine would mean 27 million pounds of hydrogenated vegetable fat smaller space requirements in four (cottonseed and/or soybean) consumed each year. sizes and nine distinct types, they The increase in business due to Mellorine could easily be 30 to 50 per cent, requiring 80 to 130 million are your greatest value in screw pounds of vegetable fat. elevators today. Investigate now! In Texas alone it has been estimated that 7 million gallons of Mellorine were made this year and this would be approximately 30 per cent of the average production of ice cream and equivalent to about 3 million pounds of vegetable fat. These figures are estimates. By next year there will probably be Bu­ FOR c o m p le t e reau of Census figures available on the production information of Mellorine-type products. The annual production of cottonseed and soybean a n d p R, ces 011 for the past three crop years was, in millions of Pounds ; (Estimated) Crop Year 1950-51 1951-52 1952-53 Cottonseed Oil . . 1030 1632 1540 Soybean Oil 2345 2391 2414

Combined Total 3375 4023 3954 If Mellorine replaced all ice cream and used 270 million pounds of hydrogenated cottonseed and/or ^ybean oil, it would require about 6 to 7 per cent °* the annual production of these oils. Phone 3-8314 • 3-8315 K the production of Mellorine should reach an P. O. Box 1217 • OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA. annual production of 30 to 50 per cent of the annual

PATRONIZE YOUR ADVERTISERS Page 72 OIL MILL GAZETTEER April, 1953 production of ice cream and use 80 to 130 million program include about 3,013 tank cars crude cotton­ pounds of vegetable fat, it would require 2 to 3 per seed oil, 268,398 tons meal and cake and 169,079 cent of the annual production of these oils. bales linters. Mellorine also is a good outlet for the farmer’s Through March, about 2,581 cars of crude oil have milk solids not fat. Milk solids not fat have been been sold. Remaining 392 cars are scheduled for de­ considered a byproduct of milk production and the livery April through July. price of milk to the farmer is based on the price of -I* -I1 -i- butterfat. It is entirely possible that increased de­ Cotton ginned in 1952 compared to 1951 in Texas mand for milk solids not fat for use in Mellorine Oklahoma, Louisiana and Mississippi: could cause the price of liquid milk to be based as much on the solids not fat, as on the butterfat. 1952 1951 In other words, a Mellorine containing 10 per cent T e x a s ...... 3,741,185 4,053,196 vegetable fat would probably contain 10 to 12 per Oklahoma 259,242 457,186 cent milk solids not fat. In 1950, there were 881 Louisiana...... 738,633 749,226 million pounds of non-fat dry milk solids produced Mississippi...... 1,860,304 1,588,874 and 734 million pounds of skimmed condensed milk. The above figures were recently published by the If Mellorine develops as it looks like it will, to where Bureau of Census, Department of Commerce. it uses 80 to 130 million or more pounds of milk solids not fat, it will require a large percentage of the current supply of milk solids not fat. HYPERKERATOSIS OR X-DISEASE The occurrence of hyperkeratosis or X-disease in In conclusion, many of the farmers who grow cattle in the Southwest has created an educational soybeans and cotton are the same farmers who pro­ problem for the cottonseed industry. Some cases of duce large quantities of milk. The growth of Mel­ this disease were traced to cottonseed pellets that lorine production will create new outlets for their were made on pellet machines lubricated with a milk solids not fat as well as their vegetable oils. It may be that in the near future the price of fluid grease that contained about 10 per cent chlorinated milk from the farmer will be based as much, if not napthalene. Extremely small amounts of such lubri­ cants, getting into the pellets, have produced the more, on the milk solids not fat as it is on the butter­ disease. fat content. Mellorine can help the dairy farmer as well as the cotton and soybean growers because lower Cattlemen, disturbed by drought and adverse priced food products like Mellorine, which is both a markets, have become jittery and inclined to blame wholesome and nutritious food product, will help get X-disease for all losses occurring in their herds. As more of the consumer’s dollars for these farmers. a result of extended drought and shortage of feed, many cattle have been suffering from malnutrition and losses this winter have been higher than usual. COTTON SEED SUPPORT FOR ’52 ENDS Where a cattleman may suspect X-disease, the only The Dallas commodity office contracted for about reasonable approach is to secure an accurate and 600,800 tons of Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico confirmed diagnosis by a competent veterinarian. cotton seed under the 1952 cotton seed price support One case where cattle losses could be traced to program which ended March 30. cottonseed pellets has been corrected. Manufacturing procedures have been changed and the mill is making This is about 40 per cent of the seed available for arrangements to reimburse its customers for losses crushing in these states, the Production and Market­ that can be substantiated. ing Administration reported. It is important to note that cottonseed pellets, as The Dallas commodity office will continue selling such, are not the cause of X-disease. There have been products acquired under the program, but contract­ a number of instances of the disease in the past that ing is over. Mills under present contracts have until had no connection with cottonseed products. One out­ September 15, 1953, to deliver their products. break has been attributed to alfalfa pellets and the Meanwhile, tenders during the last half of March most common cause has been cattle licking farm amounted to 521 tank cars crude cottonseed oil, machinery that has been lubricated with grease con­ 47,410 tons meal and cake and 24,693 bales linters. taining chlorinated napthalene. Total tenders to the Dallas office under the 1952 Neither does the disease have any connection with the solvent extraction process. Chlorinated naphtha­ lene has no part in that process and solvent meal and pellets have been shown, in repeated Experiment Station tests, to be nutritionally equivalent to prod­ ucts produced by mechanical processes. (Taken from the LOUIS ALLIS co. the Cotton Trade Journal.)

MILWAUKEE 7, WISCONSIN

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LINTER DEPARTMENT-HAZARDOUS AREAS I noticed a friend tossing off a few drinks at the Quick Shipment dance the other night and I said to him, “Say, I thought you were allowed only one drink a day— J. B. COLESWORTHY, Representative you know what the Doctor said.” “Sure,” said my 1709 West 8th St. Los Angeles 17, Calif. DUnkirk 3-2021 friend, “I’m following instructions exactly. This drink here, for example is for May 9, 1953.”

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