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Landscape Management Plan PORT ARTHUR HISTORIC SITE Landscape Management Plan August 2002 Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority Port Arthur Historic Site Landscape Management Plan Context Pty Ltd Urban Initiatives Pty Ltd Helen Doyle Prepared for Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority August 2002 Context Pty Ltd, 2002 Project Team: Kristal Buckley, Context Pty Ltd Tim Hart, Urban Initiatives Pty Ltd Chris Johnston, Context Pty Ltd Helen Doyle Ann McGregor, Context Pty Ltd Warwick Savvas, Urban Initiatives Pty Ltd NOTE: The information contained in this Plan is accurate to February 2002. The Site Analysis plans are accurate to November 2001. Context Pty Ltd 22 Merri Street, Brunswick 3056 Phone 03 9380 6933 Facsimile 03 9380 4066 Email [email protected] ii CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I Aims i Process i Structure of the Plan i Package Supporting the Plan ii Findings ii Key Policy Directions iii Priorities iv PART 1: INTRODUCING THE PLAN 1 1. The Port Arthur landscape 3 1. Port Arthur Historic Site 3 2. The Cultural Landscape 9 2. The Landscape Plan 12 1. Port Arthur Conservation Plan 12 2. The role of secondary plans 12 3. Aims of the Landscape Plan 12 4. Planning Area 13 5. How to use this Plan 14 6. Materials supporting the Landscape Plan 14 7. Project Team 15 8. Acknowledgments 15 PART 2 - UNDERSTANDING THE LANDSCAPE 18 3. Evolution of the Cultural Landscape 20 1. The natural landscape 20 2. The Aboriginal landscape 22 3. A landscape of control, punishment and industry 23 4. A domestic landscape 27 5. A landscape in decline: ageing and ruins 28 6. A romantic landscape: artistic and literary associations 29 7. The rural township landscape 31 8. A landscape for recreation and tourism 32 9. The landscape as an historic site 33 10. Conclusion 34 4. Landscape Elements 36 1. Describing Landscape Elements 36 2. Climate 36 3. Setting 37 4. Topography 37 5. Edges 37 iii 6. Forests and native vegetation 38 7. The Harbour 38 8. Creeks and Drains 39 9. Planted Trees 39 10. Gardens 40 11. Buildings and Ruins 40 12. Engineering and Industrial Elements 40 13. Archaeological Elements 41 14. Other Features within the Landscape 41 15. Roads, Paths and Tracks 41 16. Entrances 42 17. Vistas 43 18. Landscape Character 44 5. Non-Heritage Landscape Elements 46 1. Inventory 46 2. Visitor and Management Facilities 46 3. Site Furniture 46 4. Path and Road Surfaces 47 5. Services 47 6. Intrusive Elements 48 PART 3 - SIGNIFICANCE 50 6. Significance Assessment 52 1. Assessment Criteria 52 2. Aboriginal Values 52 3. Aesthetic Values 52 4. Historic Values 53 5. Scientific Values 54 6. Social Values 55 7. Relative Significance 55 7. Statement of Significance for the Landscape 58 1. Port Arthur Historic Site 58 2. Mason Cove 59 3. Point Puer 60 4. Isle of the Dead 60 5. Garden Point 61 6. Carnarvon Bay 61 PART 4 - ISSUES & CONSTRAINTS 62 8. Landscape Planning Framework 64 1. Statutory Requirements 64 2. Policies and Guidelines 65 3. Australian Standards and Legislation for Disability Access and Safety 67 4. PAHSMA Legislation and Planning Framework 68 5. Tasman Planning Scheme 68 iv 6. Private Timber Harvesting 70 9. Management Issues 74 1. Conservation Approach 74 2. Existing Site Condition Data 74 3. Previous Landscape Research 75 4. Stakeholder Perceptions of the Landscape 79 5. PAHSMA Management Issues 80 6. Physical and Environmental Conditions 82 7. Visitors & Interpretation 83 8. Visitor Entrances and Circulation 85 9. Vegetation 87 10. Pest Plants and Animals 88 11. The Landscape Setting 89 PART 5 - LANDSCAPE POLICY 93 10. Policy Objectives 95 1. Conservation Policy Framework 95 2. Conservation Policy Objectives 95 3. Landscape Planning Objectives 96 11. Landscape Conservation Policy 99 1. Topography 99 2. Edges 99 3. Forests and native vegetation 100 4. The Harbour 102 5. Coastal land 104 6. Creeks and Drains 105 7. Planted Trees 106 8. Gardens 108 9. Lawns 109 10. Building Settings 110 11. Archaeology 111 12. Internal Vistas 111 13. Landscape Character 112 14. Landscape Interpretation 112 15. Landscape Restoration 114 16. Landscape Reconstruction 114 12. Managing Uses and Threats 117 1. Uses of the Historic Site 117 2. Site Entrances 120 3. Paths and Roads 122 4. Site Furniture 126 5. Existing Intrusive Elements 130 6. Weed Management 130 7. Animals 131 v 8. Water Quality 132 9. Noise 133 13. Policy for the Landscape Setting 135 1. Identifying Natural and Cultural Values of the Landscape Setting 135 2. Planning Scheme Mechanisms 135 3. Private Timber Reserves 137 4. Reserve Boundaries 137 5. Catchment Management 137 6. Consultation 138 14. Management Systems 139 1. Information Systems 139 2. Tertiary plans 140 3. Landscape Masterplans 140 4. Plant Nursery 141 5. Services and Infrastructure 141 6. Fire Management 142 7. Hazard Management 142 8. Review of Policies 143 9. Research 143 10. Consultation 143 PART 6 – ACTION PLAN 145 15. Implementation 147 Action Plan 147 Setting Priorities 147 1. Topography 148 2. Edges 148 3. Forests and Native Vegetation 148 4. The Harbour 149 5. Coastal Land 150 6. Creeks and Drains 150 7. Planted Trees 151 8. Gardens 153 9. Lawns and grass 154 10. Building Settings 154 11. Archaeology 156 12. Internal Vistas 156 13. Landscape Character 158 14. Landscape Interpretation 160 15. Landscape Restoration 162 16. Landscape Reconstruction 162 17. Uses of the Historic Site 163 18. Site Entrances 164 19. Paths & Roads 165 vi 20. Site Furniture & Visitor Facilities 168 21. Intrusive Elements 172 22. Weed Management 173 23. Animals 173 24. Water Quality 173 25. Landscape Setting 173 26. Information Systems 175 27. Tertiary Plans and Landscape Masterplans 176 28. Management Systems 177 29. Review 178 30. Consultation 178 REFERENCES 179 Appendix 1 - Statement of Cultural Significance Port Arthur Historic Site Conservation Plan 187 Appendix 2 - Landscape Policy in Conservation Plan 189 Appendix 3 – Summary of Inventory of Landscape Elements 191 Appendix 4 – List of New Elements to be added to the Conservation Plan database 201 Appendix 5 – Summary of Surface Treatments and Site Furniture Inventory 207 Appendix 6 – Example from Landscape Treatments Inventory 211 Appendix 7 - Criteria for Significance Assessment Port Arthur Historic Site Conservation Plan 213 Appendix 8 – List of Proposed Tertiary Plans 215 LIST OF PLANS Port Arthur Historic Site Map ………………………………………………..………….4 Map of Private Timber Reserves near Port Arthur…..…………………………………. 90 Historical Sequence Mapping ………………………………….……………after page 34 HM01 Period 1: 1830-1835 HM02 Period 2: 1835-1852 HM03 Period 3: 1853-1863 HM04 Period 4: 1864-1877 HM05 Period 5: c1880-1970 HM06 c1971-current Analysis Mapping AM01 Interpretive Circulation……………………………………………after page 90 AM02 Site Access & Movement…………………………………………. after page 90 AM03 Path Surface Types………………………………………………...after page 48 AM04 Fences and Furniture Types……………………………………….after page 48 AM05 Landscape Elements …………………………...………………… after page 44 AM06 Road/Path Hierarchy………………………………………..…. after page 132 vii AM07 Tree Survey………………………...…………………………….. after page 44 AM08 Areas within Mason Cove…………………..……………….….. after page 144 View Shed Mapping…………………………………………………………. after page 90 AM09 View Shed Analysis – Sheet 1 AM10 View Shed Analysis – Sheet 2 AM11 Combined View Shed AM12 Private Timber Reserves within the View Shed LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PAHSMA Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority RNE Register of the National Estate THR Tasmanian Heritage Register HAZ Historic Area Zone BCA Building Code of Australia EIS Environmental Impact Study GIS Geographic Information System PTR Private Timber Reserve SPB Scenery Preservation Board NPWS National Parks and Wildlife Service DPIWE Department of Primary Industries Water & Environment viii PORT ARTHUR HISTORIC SITE LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Landscape Plan is a secondary plan within the planning framework for the Port Arthur Historic Site. It builds on the framework of significance assessment and conservation policy established by the Conservation Plan. Aims The Aims of the Landscape Plan are to: • describe the cultural and natural values of the landscape of the Port Arthur Historic Site; • assess the contribution of the landscape to the natural and cultural significance of the Port Arthur Historic Site; • develop policies that reflect the interaction between landscape, history and community meanings; • define important visual relationships within and outside the Port Arthur Historic Site and develop policies to enable them to be appropriately managed; • provide direction for the provision of visitor requirements, including accessibility and site furniture, and opportunities for improved interpretation. Process The Process of developing the Landscape Plan included: • discussions with the staff of the Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority to gain a detailed understanding of the landscape management issues and opportunities; • writing about the evolution of the landscape of Port Arthur and preparing a series of maps; • describing and mapping the landscape elements – both significant and not significant (ie. site furniture and surface treatments), and also a range of hazards and intrusive elements; • assessing the ways in which the landscape contributes to the significance of Port Arthur; • analysis and mapping of the visual catchment for the Historic Site. • consultation with the local community – particularly through a community workshop held during the course of the project; • development of landscape policy statements; • identifying actions arising
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