The Diversity and Distribution of Wolbachia, Rhizobiales, And
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Community Analysis of Microbial Sharing and Specialization in A
Downloaded from http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on March 15, 2017 Community analysis of microbial sharing rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org and specialization in a Costa Rican ant–plant–hemipteran symbiosis Elizabeth G. Pringle1,2 and Corrie S. Moreau3 Research 1Department of Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Cite this article: Pringle EG, Moreau CS. 2017 Reno, NV 89557, USA 2Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Community analysis of microbial sharing and 3Department of Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, specialization in a Costa Rican ant–plant– Chicago, IL 60605, USA hemipteran symbiosis. Proc. R. Soc. B 284: EGP, 0000-0002-4398-9272 20162770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2770 Ants have long been renowned for their intimate mutualisms with tropho- bionts and plants and more recently appreciated for their widespread and diverse interactions with microbes. An open question in symbiosis research is the extent to which environmental influence, including the exchange of Received: 14 December 2016 microbes between interacting macroorganisms, affects the composition and Accepted: 17 January 2017 function of symbiotic microbial communities. Here we approached this ques- tion by investigating symbiosis within symbiosis. Ant–plant–hemipteran symbioses are hallmarks of tropical ecosystems that produce persistent close contact among the macroorganism partners, which then have substantial opportunity to exchange symbiotic microbes. We used metabarcoding and Subject Category: quantitative PCR to examine community structure of both bacteria and Ecology fungi in a Neotropical ant–plant–scale-insect symbiosis. Both phloem-feed- ing scale insects and honeydew-feeding ants make use of microbial Subject Areas: symbionts to subsist on phloem-derived diets of suboptimal nutritional qual- ecology, evolution, microbiology ity. -
Invasive Argentine Ants Have Shifted Diet Without Clear Aid from Symbiotic Microbes
Molecular Ecology (2017) 26, 1608–1630 doi: 10.1111/mec.13991 By their own devices: invasive Argentine ants have shifted diet without clear aid from symbiotic microbes YI HU,* DAVID A. HOLWAY,† PIOTR ŁUKASIK,* LINH CHAU,* ADAM D. KAY,‡ EDWARD G. LEBRUN,§ KATIE A. MILLER,‡ JON G. SANDERS,¶ ANDREW V. SUAREZ** and JACOB A. RUSSELL* *Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, †Division of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA, ‡Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA, §Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78703, USA, ¶Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, **Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Abstract The functions and compositions of symbiotic bacterial communities often correlate with host ecology. Yet cause–effect relationships and the order of symbiont vs. host change remain unclear in the face of ancient symbioses and conserved host ecology. Several groups of ants exemplify this challenge, as their low-nitrogen diets and spe- cialized symbioses appear conserved and ancient. To address whether nitrogen-provi- sioning symbionts might be important in the early stages of ant trophic shifts, we studied bacteria from the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile – an invasive species that has transitioned towards greater consumption of sugar-rich, nitrogen-poor foods in parts of its introduced range. Bacteria were present at low densities in most L. humile workers, and among those yielding quality 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data, we found just three symbionts to be common and dominant. -
Correlates of Gut Community Composition Across an Ant Species (Cephalotes Varians) Elucidate Causes and Consequences of Symbiotic Variability
Molecular Ecology (2014) 23, 1284–1300 doi: 10.1111/mec.12607 SPECIAL ISSUE: NATURE’S MICROBIOME Correlates of gut community composition across an ant species (Cephalotes varians) elucidate causes and consequences of symbiotic variability YI HU,* PIOTR ŁUKASIK,* CORRIE S. MOREAU† and JACOB A. RUSSELL* *Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, †Department of Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA Abstract Insect guts are often colonized by multispecies microbial communities that play inte- gral roles in nutrition, digestion and defence. Community composition can differ across host species with increasing dietary and genetic divergence, yet gut microbiota can also vary between conspecific hosts and across an individual’s lifespan. Through exploration of such intraspecific variation and its correlates, molecular profiling of microbial communities can generate and test hypotheses on the causes and conse- quences of symbioses. In this study, we used 454 pyrosequencing and TRFLP to achieve these goals in an herbivorous ant, Cephalotes varians, exploring variation in bacterial communities across colonies, populations and workers reared on different diets. C. varians bacterial communities were dominated by 16 core species present in over two-thirds of the sampled colonies. Core species comprised multiple genotypes, or strains and hailed from ant-specific clades containing relatives from other Cephal- otes species. Yet three were detected in environmental samples, suggesting the poten- tial for environmental acquisition. In spite of their prevalence and long-standing relationships with Cephalotes ants, the relative abundance and genotypic composition of core species varied across colonies. Diet-induced plasticity is a likely cause, but only pollen-based diets had consistent effects, altering the abundance of two types of bacte- ria. -
Bacterial Infections Across the Ants: Frequency and Prevalence of Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, and Asaia
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2013, Article ID 936341, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/936341 Research Article Bacterial Infections across the Ants: Frequency and Prevalence of Wolbachia, Spiroplasma,andAsaia Stefanie Kautz,1 Benjamin E. R. Rubin,1,2 and Corrie S. Moreau1 1 Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA 2 Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Stefanie Kautz; [email protected] Received 21 February 2013; Accepted 30 May 2013 Academic Editor: David P. Hughes Copyright © 2013 Stefanie Kautz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Bacterial endosymbionts are common across insects, but we often lack a deeper knowledge of their prevalence across most organisms. Next-generation sequencing approaches can characterize bacterial diversity associated with a host and at the same time facilitate the fast and simultaneous screening of infectious bacteria. In this study, we used 16S rRNA tag encoded amplicon pyrosequencing to survey bacterial communities of 310 samples representing 221 individuals, 176 colonies and 95 species of ants. We found three distinct endosymbiont groups—Wolbachia (Alphaproteobacteria: Rickettsiales), Spiroplasma (Firmicutes: Entomoplasmatales), -
Tree-Dwelling Ants: Contrasting Two Brazilian Cerrado Plant Species Without Extrafloral Nectaries
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2012, Article ID 172739, 6 pages doi:10.1155/2012/172739 Research Article Tree-Dwelling Ants: Contrasting Two Brazilian Cerrado Plant Species without Extrafloral Nectaries Jonas Maravalhas,1 JacquesH.C.Delabie,2 Rafael G. Macedo,1 and Helena C. Morais1 1 Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Bras´ılia, 70910-900 Bras´ılia, DF, Brazil 2 Laboratorio´ de Mirmecologia, Convˆenio UESC/CEPLAC, Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau, CEPLAC, Cx. P. 07, 45600-000 Itabuna, BA, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Jonas Maravalhas, [email protected] Received 31 May 2011; Revised 28 June 2011; Accepted 30 June 2011 Academic Editor: Fernando Fernandez´ Copyright © 2012 Jonas Maravalhas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ants dominate vegetation stratum, exploiting resources like extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and insect honeydew. These interactions are frequent in Brazilian cerrado and are well known, but few studies compare ant fauna and explored resources between plant species. We surveyed two cerrado plants without EFNs, Roupala montana (found on preserved environments of our study area) and Solanum lycocarpum (disturbed ones). Ants were collected and identified, and resources on each plant noted. Ant frequency and richness were higher on R. montana (67%; 35 spp) than S. lycocarpum (52%; 26), the occurrence of the common ant species varied between them, and similarity was low. Resources were explored mainly by Camponotus crassus and consisted of scale insects, aphids, and floral nectaries on R. -
Supporting Information
Supporting Information Renewed diversification is associated with new ecological opportunity in the Neotropical turtle ants Shauna L. Price, Scott Powell, Daniel J. C. Kronauer, Lucy A. P. Tran, Naomi E. Pierce, and R. K. Wayne Appendix S1: Materials and methods Molecular methods Molecular work was conducted at UCLA and Harvard. At UCLA PCR was performed in 25 µL volumes: 16.3 µL ddH2O, 2.5 µL 10x PCR Buffer, 1.5 µL 25 mM MgCl2, 0.5 µL dNTPs (25mM each), 1 µL DMSO, 0.2 µL of each primer (25x), 0.2 µL QIAGEN Taq DNA Polymerase, and 2 µL DNA. PCR cycles were: initial denaturation for 3 min at 94o, followed by 30 cycles of 94o for 30 s, 50-58o for 30 s, and 72o for 45 s, and a final extension of 72o for 5 min. Annealing temperatures depended on the gene segment amplified. PCR products were purified with Exonuclease I and Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase. At Harvard PCR was performed in 25 µL volumes with the same PCR conditions as UCLA and a cocktail containing 15.05 µL ddH2O, 2.5 µL 10x PCR Buffer, 1 µL 25 mM MgCl2, 0.25 µL dNTPs (25mM each), 2 µL of each primer (10x), 0.2 µL QIAGEN Taq DNA Polymerase, and 2 µL DNA. PCR products were sent to Macrogen for purification. All loci were sequenced in both directions using an ABI 3730 automated sequencer with Big Dye Terminator chemistry (Applied Biosystems Inc) either at Macrogen or the Cornell University Life Sciences Core Laboratories Center. Heterozygous positions were left ambiguous and occurred in less than 0.0007% of nuclear base pairs. -
Leaf-Cutting Ant Herbivory in Successional and Agricultural Tropical Ecosystems Author(S): Chantal M
Leaf-Cutting Ant Herbivory in Successional and Agricultural Tropical Ecosystems Author(s): Chantal M. Blanton and John J. Ewel Reviewed work(s): Source: Ecology, Vol. 66, No. 3 (Jun., 1985), pp. 861-869 Published by: Ecological Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1940548 . Accessed: 01/11/2012 15:22 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology. http://www.jstor.org Ecology,66(3), 1985, pp. 861-869 ? 1985by the Ecological Society of America LEAF-CUTTING ANT HERBIVORY IN SUCCESSIONAL AND AGRICULTURAL TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS1 Chantal M. Blanton and John J. Ewel Departmentof Botany, Universityof Florida, Gainesville,Florida 32611 USA Abstract. Herbivory by Atta cephalotes was measured in four plant communities of different complexityin Costa Rica. The fourcommunities were a monocultureof cassava {Manihot esculenta) and three diverse assemblages, each 1.5 yr old: (1) successional vegetation,unmodified by the in- vestigators;(2) imitationof succession, a communityof investigator-introducedspecies designed to mimic the unmodified succession; and (3) enriched succession, a successional vegetation that the investigatorshad augmentedby propagule inputs. Each ant colony had access to all fourcommunity typessimultaneously. -
Borowiec Et Al-2020 Ants – Phylogeny and Classification
A Ants: Phylogeny and 1758 when the Swedish botanist Carl von Linné Classification published the tenth edition of his catalog of all plant and animal species known at the time. Marek L. Borowiec1, Corrie S. Moreau2 and Among the approximately 4,200 animals that he Christian Rabeling3 included were 17 species of ants. The succeeding 1University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA two and a half centuries have seen tremendous 2Departments of Entomology and Ecology & progress in the theory and practice of biological Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, classification. Here we provide a summary of the NY, USA current state of phylogenetic and systematic 3Social Insect Research Group, Arizona State research on the ants. University, Tempe, AZ, USA Ants Within the Hymenoptera Tree of Ants are the most ubiquitous and ecologically Life dominant insects on the face of our Earth. This is believed to be due in large part to the cooperation Ants belong to the order Hymenoptera, which also allowed by their sociality. At the time of writing, includes wasps and bees. ▶ Eusociality, or true about 13,500 ant species are described and sociality, evolved multiple times within the named, classified into 334 genera that make up order, with ants as by far the most widespread, 17 subfamilies (Fig. 1). This diversity makes the abundant, and species-rich lineage of eusocial ants the world’s by far the most speciose group of animals. Within the Hymenoptera, ants are part eusocial insects, but ants are not only diverse in of the ▶ Aculeata, the clade in which the ovipos- terms of numbers of species. -
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Behavioral Ecology Symposium ’96: Cushing 165 MYRMECOMORPHY AND MYRMECOPHILY IN SPIDERS: A REVIEW PAULA E. CUSHING The College of Wooster Biology Department 931 College Street Wooster, Ohio 44691 ABSTRACT Myrmecomorphs are arthropods that have evolved a morphological resemblance to ants. Myrmecophiles are arthropods that live in or near ant nests and are considered true symbionts. The literature and natural history information about spider myrme- comorphs and myrmecophiles are reviewed. Myrmecomorphy in spiders is generally considered a type of Batesian mimicry in which spiders are gaining protection from predators through their resemblance to aggressive or unpalatable ants. Selection pressure from spider predators and eggsac parasites may trigger greater integration into ant colonies among myrmecophilic spiders. Key Words: Araneae, symbiont, ant-mimicry, ant-associates RESUMEN Los mirmecomorfos son artrópodos que han evolucionado desarrollando una seme- janza morfológica a las hormigas. Los Myrmecófilos son artrópodos que viven dentro o cerca de nidos de hormigas y se consideran verdaderos simbiontes. Ha sido evaluado la literatura e información de historia natural acerca de las arañas mirmecomorfas y mirmecófilas . El myrmecomorfismo en las arañas es generalmente considerado un tipo de mimetismo Batesiano en el cual las arañas están protegiéndose de sus depre- dadores a través de su semejanza con hormigas agresivas o no apetecibles. La presión de selección de los depredadores de arañas y de parásitos de su saco ovopositor pueden inducir una mayor integración de las arañas mirmecófílas hacia las colonias de hor- migas. Myrmecomorphs and myrmecophiles are arthropods that have evolved some level of association with ants. Myrmecomorphs were originally referred to as myrmecoids by Donisthorpe (1927) and are defined as arthropods that mimic ants morphologically and/or behaviorally. -
High-Lipid Prey Reduce Juvenile Survivorship and Delay Egg Laying
© 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2020) 223, jeb237255. doi:10.1242/jeb.237255 RESEARCH ARTICLE High-lipid prey reduce juvenile survivorship and delay egg laying in a small linyphiid spider Hylyphantes graminicola Lelei Wen1,*, Xiaoguo Jiao1,*, Fengxiang Liu1, Shichang Zhang1,‡ and Daiqin Li2,‡ ABSTRACT in nature (Barry and Wilder, 2013; Fagan et al., 2002; Reifer et al., Prey proteins and lipids greatly impact predator life-history traits. 2018; Salomon et al., 2011; Toft et al., 2019; Wiggins and Wilder, However, life-history plasticity offers predators the opportunity to tune 2018). However, predators, like other organisms, exhibit life-history the life-history traits in response to the limited macronutrients to plasticity, the capacity to facultatively alter life-history traits in allocate among traits. A fast-growing predator species with a strict response to a limited pool of macronutrients to allocate among traits maturation time may be more likely to consume nutritionally (Simpson and Raubenheimer, 2012). This nutrient-mediated life- imbalanced prey. Here, we tested this hypothesis by examining the history trade-off assumes that the different life-history traits cannot effect of the protein-to-lipid ratio in prey on a small sheet web-building be maximized at the same macronutrient intake as each trait needs a spider, Hylyphantes graminicola, with a short life span, using specific balance of macronutrients for its maximal performance adult Drosophila melanogaster as the prey. By manipulating the (Morimoto and Lihoreau, 2019; Rapkin et al., 2018). macronutrient content of the prey to generate three prey types with Spiders are among the most diverse and abundant carnivorous different protein-to-lipid ratios (i.e. -
Reserva De La Biosfera Montes Azules, Selva Lacandona; Investigacion Para Su Conservacion
RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA MONTES AZULES, SELVA LACANDONA; INVESTIGACION PARA SU CONSERVACION Editado por Miguel Angel Vásquez Sánchez y Mario A. Ramos Olmos PUBUCACIONES ESPECIALES ECOSFERA No. 1 Centro de Estudios para la Conservación de los Recursos Naturales, A. C. Centro de Estudios para la Conservación de los Recursos Naturales, A.C. -ECOSFERA- Este Centro fue fundado en 1989, con los objetivos de promover y realizar acciones orientadas al aprovechamiento sostenido y restauración de los recursos naturales, a la investigación sobre la diversidad biológica, el impacto de las actividades humanas en las áreas silvestres y al manejo de aquellas de importancia biológica. Los miembros del Centro trabajan jjermanentemente en el forta lecimiento de un grupo multidisciplinario, con capacidad de generar la información necesaria para resolver problemas locales y regionales desde una perspectiva integral. Adicionalmente tiene como objetivos, la for mación y capacitación de recursos humanos, así como la difusión de la información gene rada en sus investigaciones. Sus programas de investigación abarcan: Estudios del Me dio Físico, Conservación de Especies Ame nazadas y en Peligro de Extinción, Manejo y Aprovechamiento de Fauna Silvestre, Pla nificación y Manejo de Areas Silvestres, De sarrollo Comunitario y Conservación. Fotos de portada: Foto superior izquierda: Ilach Winik (H om bre verdadero). Bonampak (Foto: M. A. Vás quez) Foto superior derecha: Rana arborícola Hyla ebraccata (Foto; R.C. Vogt) Foto inferior derecha: Jaguar {Panthera onca). Foto; J.L. Patjane Foto inferior izquierda; Niños lacandones (Foto; L J. M arch) RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA MONTES AZULES, SELVA LACANDONA: INVESTIGACION PARA SU CONSERVACION EC/333.711/R4/EJ. -
46 Million Years of N-Recycling by the Core Symbionts of Turtle Ants
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/185314; this version posted September 7, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Nitrogen conservation, conserved: 46 million years of N-recycling by the core symbionts of 2 turtle ants 3 4 Yi Hu1*, Jon G. Sanders2*, Piotr Łukasik1, Catherine L. D'Amelio 1, John S. Millar3, David R. 5 Vann4, Yemin Lan5, Justin A. Newton1, Mark Schotanus6, John T. Wertz6, Daniel J. C. 6 Kronauer7, Naomi E. Pierce2, Corrie S. Moreau8, Philipp Engel9, Jacob A. Russell1 7 8 1 Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 9 2 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 10 02138, USA 11 3 Department of Medicine, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of 12 Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 13 4 Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 14 19104, USA 15 5 School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health systems, Drexel University, 16 Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 17 6 Department of Biology, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA 18 7 Laboratory of Social Evolution and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, 19 New York, NY 10065, USA 20 8 Department of Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, 21 USA 22 9 Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, 23 Switzerland bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/185314; this version posted September 7, 2017.