And Synbiotics in the ICU - Future Options S

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

And Synbiotics in the ICU - Future Options S Nutr. Hosp. (2001) XVI (6) 239-256 ISSN 0212-1611 • CODEN NUHOEQ S.V.R. 318 Revisión Use of Pro-, Pre- and Synbiotics in the ICU - Future options S. Bengmark*, A. García de Lorenzo** y J. M. Culebras*** * Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Lund, Suecia. ** Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid. *** Servicio de Cirugía II, Hospital de León, León, España. Abstract EL USO DE PRO, PRE Y SIMBIÓTICOS EN CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS: POSIBILIDADES Although the word synbiotics was coined to describe FUTURAS the combined action of pre- and probiotics, the ability to, like antibiotics, control infection, the term is now in- Resumen creasingly used in a wider sense, as a name for all the substances released by microbial fermentation in the lo- Aunque la palabra simbióticos fue acuñada para des- wer gut. One obvious reason is that most of the substan- cribir la acción combinada de pre y probióticos de con- ces released seem to influence the immune defense, in- trolar la infección, como los antibióticos, el término se crease resistance to disease, and, most important, utiliza cada vez en sentido más amplio, incluyendo todas prevent complications to surgery such as infections and las sustancias que son liberadas en el intestino distal por thrombosis. Protection layer of lactobacillus does not fermentación bacteriana. Una razón obvia es que la ma- exist only on the GI tract mucosa, it is important at all yor parte de esas sustancias parece tener influencia en exterior body surfaces including those of the eye, the no- los mecanismos de defensa, en la resistencia a la infec- se, the mouth, the respiratory tract, the vagina, not to ción y, lo que es más importante, en la prevención de forget the skin. It is clearly reduced at all sites when the complicaciones quirúrgicas tales como infecciones y patient is in the settings of ICU. trombosis. La capa protectora de lactobacillus no está Each human being has his/her own unique microbial presente únicamente en el tracto gastrointestinal. Es im- collection, especially of strains of Bifidobacterium and portante también en las superficies externas del organis- Lactobacillus, and it should be possible to identify an in- mo, el ojo, la nariz, la boca y el tracto digestivo, la vagi- dividual on the basis of his/her personal intestinal mi- na y la piel. Se reduce claramente en todos estos lugares croflora. cuando el paciente se encuentra en la unidad de cuida- The flora seems always to be significantly reduced in dos intensivos. the sick, especially in connection with severe disease, ca- Cada ser humano tiene su colección única de micro- re in ICU, and in patients with little food intake or on bios, con cepas específicas de bifidobacteria y lactobaci- parenteral nutrition. Supply of both pre- and probiotics lli, y sería posible identificar a los individuos a través de can modify functions such as appetite, sleep, mood and su microflora intestinal personal. circadian rhythm, and this most likely through metabo- La flora parece reducirse siempre de manera signi- lites produced by microbial fermentation in the gut. ficativa en los enfermos, especialmente en enfermeda- Supply of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can also signifi- des graves, en cuidados intensivos, en pacientes con in- cantly reduce serum levels of a variety of toxins such as gesta alimentaria reducida y en los sometidos a endotoxin. nutrición parenteral. El suplemento de pre y probióti- An umbrella of supplemented probiotics could provi- cos puede modificar el apetito, el sueño, el estado aní- de to the patients with liver cirrhosis a tool to reduce mico y el ritmo circadiano, probablemente a través de spetic manifestations and the incidence of bleeding. LAB metabolitos producidos por la fermentación microbia- are effective in controlling diarrhea of both bacterial na en el intestino. La administración de bacterias del and viral origin. A series of experimental studies and se- ácido láctico también reduce de manera significativa los niveles séricos de una variedad de toxinas, como la endotoxina. Correspondencia: Abelardo García de Lorenzo. Un paraguas de suplemento de probióticos podría fa- Formación Médica Continuada. cilitar a pacientes con cirrosis una herramienta para Hospital Universitario La Paz. protegerse frente a manifestaciones sépticas y a hemo- P.º Castellana, 261 Madrid, España rragia. Las bacterias del ácido láctico son efectivas en [email protected] controlar la diarrea tanto de origen bacteriano como vi- Recibido: 5-V-2001. ral. Una serie de experimentos clínicos no controlados Aceptado: 12-VIII-2001. 239 veral uncontrolled clinical studies support the idea of sugieren que los probióticos podrían ser de utilidad en la using probiotics in patients with IBD. Ecoimmunonutri- enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. La ecoinmunonutri- tion with pre- pro- and synbiotics offer to be suitable to- ción con pre-, pro y simbióticos parece ser un arma tera- ols in the new millenium. péutica adecuada en el futuro. (Nutr Hosp 2001, 16:239-256) (Nutr Hosp 2001, 16:239-256) Key words: Econutrition. Symbiotics. Critical Care. Palabras clave: Econutrición. Simbióticos. Paciente Prebiotics. Probiotics. Crítico. Prebióticos. Probióticos. Introduction usually referred to as “colonic foods”. It is recom- mended that at least ten per cent of the total calorie in- The large intestine was not long ago regarded as an take should be of this type, a goal difficult to meet in organ with almost only one function - to beabsorb wa- the very sick patients. As prebitic fibers are low-calo- ter and electrolytes. It has not been realized for long, ric, at leas one fourth of the vood eaten under healthy at least not among clinicians, that the coon is a highly conditions is recommended be of the type “food desti- active metabolic organ, in which numerous metabolic ned for the colon”, e.g. food ingredients that not are processes take place and almost uncountable nutrients broken down by gastrointestinal juice enzymes and are released and absorbed. Here bacterial enzymes of absorbed in the upper small intestine. In the past it probiotic bacteria metabolize prebiotics (various fruit was usually regarded as ore or less impossible to pro- and vegetable fibers, but also gastrointestinal secre- vide colonic foods to patients in the ICU, a view, tions and apoptotic cell) and countless numbers of which in recent years has been revised. products are released and absorbed - products increa- singly referred to as synbiotics. Fibers are prebiotics Today colon is known as a metabolic organ with eventually more and also more complex functions Research regarding various probiotics have in re- than the rest of the gastrointestinal tract, where che- cent years explosed and information about the various mical processes are promoted by enzymes produced probiotic bacteria is fast increasing. Prebiotics are as by bacterial instead of eukaryotic cells. An indication importante, as availability and content of various fi- of the complexity of the metabolic activities in the lar- bers limits the production of symbiotic compounds ge intestine is the information that the colonic “micro- produced. bial organ” contains about 300 000 genes, to be com- Fibers are carbohydrates derived from plant cell pared to the about 65 000 genes in the rest of the walls, and dietary fibers are usually classified into th- human body. Numerous substances, several hundred ree groups: soluble fibers such as pectins and various thousand if not millions, are produced, released and gums, insoluble fibers such as cellulose and mixed ty- absorbed at the level of the lower small and the large pe fibers such as brans. The most important characte- intestine. Among these are various fatty acids, espe- ristic for them all is that they are resistant to hydroly- cially short chain fatty acdis (SCFA’s), carbohydra- sis by human alimentary tact enzymes, which make tes, amino acids, polyamides, vitamins, antioxidants, some of them ideal substrate for microbial fermenta- phytoestrogens, and coagulation and growth factors. tion in the lower GI tract. soluble fibers (prebiotics) Only of polyphenols such as flavonoids exist more constitute an important source for bacterial fermenta- than four thousand and of carotenoids about six hun- tion and microbial production of nutrients, antioxi- dred. dants, vitamins, and growth and other important fac- Although the word synbiotics was coined to descri- tors. This far, the main interest has focused on the be the combined action of pre- and probiotics, the abi- production of various short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) lity to like antibiotics control infection, the term is and fermentation by-products such as hydrogen, met- now increasingly used in a wide sense, as a name for hane and carbon dioxide. But the content of other nu- all the substances released by microbial fermentation trients; various bioactive amino acids, polyamins, an- in the lower gut. One obvious reason is that most of tioxidants and various growth factors etc are equally the substances released seem to influence the inmune important.1-5 defense, increase resistance to disease, and, most im- Prebiotic fibers are slow carbohydrates, which ha- portant, prevent complications to surgery such as in- ve a strong influence glucose and fat metabolism, fections and thrombosis. and cause decrease in postprandial glycemia, reduc- The food ingredients (fibers, complex proteins, tion in the concentration of free fatty acdis and in se- etc.), which mainly unchanged reach the colon, are rum cholesterol levels.6-7 An increase in proliferation 240 Nutr. Hosp. (2001) 16 (6) 239-256 S. Bengmark y cols. Table I Betaglucans Probiotics-molecular effects Another most interesting group of fibers are the be- — Stimulates sIgA production. taglucans, a group of unique water soluble fibers of- — Inhibits IgE production. ten extracted from oat, which contains as much as up 15 — Modulates Th1/Th2 response. to 17% of betaglucans. This gum fiber compares fa- — Modulates cytokine response. vorably with other high viscosity polysaccharides — Stimulates NO production.
Recommended publications
  • Utilization of Synbiotics, Acidifiers, and a Polyanhydride Nanoparticle
    Utilization of Synbiotics, Acidifiers, and a Polyanhydride Nanoparticle Vaccine in Enhancing the Anti-Salmonella Immune Response in Laying Hens Post-Salmonella Challenge Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ashley D. Markazi, M.S. Graduate Program in Animal Sciences The Ohio State University 2018 Dissertation Committee: Ramesh K. Selvaraj, Advisor Michael S. Lilburn, Co-Advisor Renukaradhya Gourapura Lisa Bielke Copyright by Ashley D. Markazi 2018 ABSTRACT Salmonellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella, is most commonly attributed to the consumption of poultry eggs and meat. The current project examined the effects of drinking water synbiotics, in-feed acidifiers, and a polyanhydride nanoparticle Salmonella vaccine in enhancing the anti-Salmonella immune response and decreasing Salmonella infection in laying hens. The synbiotic experiment was conducted to study the effects of drinking water supplementation of synbiotic product in laying hens with and without a Salmonella challenge. A total of 384 one-day-old layer chicks were randomly distributed to the drinking water synbiotic supplementation or control groups. At 14 wk of age, the birds were vaccinated with a Salmonella vaccine, resulting in a 2 (control and synbiotic) X 2 (non-vaccinated and vaccinated) factorial arrangement of treatments. At 24 wk of age, half of the birds in the vaccinated groups and all the birds that were not vaccinated were challenged with Salmonella Enterica serotype Enteritidis, resulting in a 3 (vaccinated, challenged, vaccinated+challenged) X 2 (control and synbiotic) factorial arrangement. At 8 d post-Salmonella challenge, synbiotic supplementation decreased (P = 0.04) cecal S.
    [Show full text]
  • The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) Consensus Statement on the Definition and Scope of Synbiotics
    CONSENSUS STATEMENT OPEN The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of synbiotics Kelly S. Swanson 1 ✉ , Glenn R. Gibson 2, Robert Hutkins3, Raylene A. Reimer 4, Gregor Reid 5, Kristin Verbeke 6,7, Karen P. Scott 8, Hannah D. Holscher 9, Meghan B. Azad 10, Nathalie M. Delzenne 11 and Mary Ellen Sanders 12 Abstract | In May 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) convened a panel of nutritionists, physiologists and microbiologists to review the definition and scope of synbiotics. The panel updated the definition of a synbiotic to “a mixture comprising live microorganisms and substrate(s) selectively utilized by host microorganisms that confers a health benefit on the host”. The panel concluded that defining synbiotics as simply a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics could suppress the innovation of synbiotics that are designed to function cooperatively. Requiring that each component must meet the evidence and dose requirements for probiotics and prebiotics individually could also present an obstacle. Rather, the panel clarified that a complementary synbiotic, which has not been designed so that its component parts function cooperatively, must be composed of a probiotic plus a prebiotic, whereas a synergistic synbiotic does not need to be so. A synergistic synbiotic is a synbiotic for which the substrate is designed to be selectively utilized by the co-administered microorganisms. This Consensus Statement further explores the levels of evidence (existing and required), safety, effects upon targets and implications for stakeholders of the synbiotic concept. Notable properties of the gut microbiota include its itself was formed from the Greek prefix ‘syn’, meaning functionality and resilience1.
    [Show full text]
  • PROMITOR® Soluble Fibre and Synbiotics
    PROMITOR® Soluble Fibre and Synbiotics Recent consensus statement released by The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) provides a definition and scope of synbiotics.1 • Association of academic and industrial scientists with a common interest in generating high-quality, collaborative, multidisciplinary science and guidance • Only scientific organization dedicated specifically to probiotics and prebiotics • Provides an objective, science-based, trusted voice to guide informed choices PREBIOTICS PROBIOTICS A substrate that is selectively utilized Live microorganisms that, when by host microorganisms conferring a administered in adequate amounts, health benefit confer a health benefit on the host SYNBIOTIC Mix of live microorganisms and substrate(s) selectively utilized by host microorganisms for a health benefit Human clinical study evaluates combination of prebiotic PROMITOR® Soluble Fibre and probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus, LGG® PROMITOR® Probiotic Health Soluble Fibre + LGG = Synbiotic Benefit(s) Human intervention study with healthy elderly adults (aged 60-80), consumed 12 g/day of PROMITOR® soluble fibre with or without L. rhamnosus GG® for three weeks.2 i. All treatments (fibre alone or with probiotics) provided significant changes in gut microbiota, while a placebo did not ii. Consumption of L. rhamnosus GG® combined with PROMITOR® soluble fibre increased NK cell activity, a marker of innate immunity, compared to baseline in females and the older group iii. In addition, the study showed a decrease of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 with the dietary intervention of L. rhamnosus GG® combined with PROMITOR® soluble fibre © Tate&Lyle 2021 PROMITOR® Soluble Fibre Overview PROMITOR® Soluble Fibre makes it easy to meet consumer demands for more fibre.
    [Show full text]
  • Synbiotics Reduce Infectious Complications by Improving the Intestinal Milieu and Enhancing the Immune Function in Critically Ill Emergency Surgical Patients
    Original Contribution Kitasato Med J 2013; 43: 17-25 Synbiotics reduce infectious complications by improving the intestinal milieu and enhancing the immune function in critically ill emergency surgical patients Yuichi Kataoka,1 Tomomichi Kan'o,1 Takashi Asahara,2 Koji Nomoto,2 Kazui Soma1 1 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kitasato University School Medicine 2 Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research Objective: To determine the effects of synbiotics upon the intestinal milieu, immune response, and infection in critically ill patients. Methods: Thirty-two critically ill patients, who had undergone emergency surgery, were divided into two groups, those who started receiving enteral synbiotics (Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota and Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult plus galactooligosaccharides; group S, n = 20) and those who did not receive enteral synbiotics (the control, group C, n = 12) within 48 hours of admission to the ICU and continuing for 14 days. Results: Baseline values were comparable between the two groups. NK (natural killer) cell activity and lymphocyte counts significantly increased in group S. C-reactive protein concentrations significantly decreased in both groups. White blood cell counts significantly decreased in group S, but remained unchanged in group C. Group S had more Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and less Pseudomonas than group C in the stool samples after the trial. Concentrations of fecal organic, acetic, and propionic acids were significantly greater and the incidences of infectious complications were significantly lower in group S (25% vs. 75%, P < 0.01). The ICU stay was significantly shorter for group S. None of the patients died or developed adverse events. Conclusions: Synbiotics enhanced host immune function in critically ill emergency surgical patients, improved the intestinal milieu, and decreased the incidence of infectious complications.
    [Show full text]
  • Galactooligosaccharide and Mannanoligosaccharide with Or
    Received: 20 October 2016 | Accepted: 31 January 2017 DOI: 10.1111/anu.12553 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effect of in vitro selected synbiotics (galactooligosaccharide and mannanoligosaccharide with or without Enterococcus faecalis) on growth performance, immune responses and intestinal microbiota of juvenile narrow clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 O. Safari1 | M. Paolucci2 1Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi Abstract University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran The aim of this study was to determine the best synbiotic combination (based on 2 Department of Sciences and growth and short- chain fatty acids production) between Enterococcus faecalis and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy eight prebiotics. Based on the results of in vitro studies, E. faecalis + galactooligosac- charide (EGOS) and E. faecalis + mannanoligosaccharide (EMOS) were selected as Correspondence Omid Safari, Department of Fisheries, Faculty synbiotics. A 126- day feeding trial was conducted to compare the effects of prebi- of Natural Resources and Environment, otics, probiotic and synbiotics on the growth indices, In vivo ADC of nutrients, di- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. gestive enzymes, hemolymph indices and finally, biological responses against 48- hr Email: [email protected] Aeromonas hydrophila exposure challenges of juvenile (4.13 ± 0.12 g) crayfish. The −1 −1 Funding information highest values of SGR (2.19% body weight day ), VFI (2.75% body weight day ), Research & Technology Deputy of Ferdowsi survival rate (96.67%) and the lowest FCR (2.33) were observed in the juvenile cray- University of Mashhad, Grant/Award Number: 39595 fish fed the EGOS-­ diet. The significantly (p < .05) highest means of in vivo ADCOM, in vivo ADCCP, in vivo ADCCF and in vivo ADCGE were measured in crayfish fed the EGOS-­ diet.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Synbiotics“ Combinationof Probiotics and Prebiotics ”
    IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) ISSN: 2455-264X, Volume 3, Issue 4 (Jul. – Aug. 2017), PP 19-24 www.iosrjournals.org Review Synbiotics“ Combinationof Probiotics And Prebiotics ” *Pavitra Sharma 1, Anuradha Singh2 ,and NupurMathur3. Environmental Microbiology Lab.Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, Rajasthan (India) Research Scholar- University of Rajasthan1 Associate Professor - University of Rajasthan2 Associate Professor - University of Rajasthan3 Corresponding Author: Pavitra Sharma Abstract: The principal role offood in a body is to supply required nutrients which provides energy to sustain for physiologicalfunctions and well being. All food typesare functional, consumption of such functional food provides bioactive molecules.Probiotics, prebiotics and synbioticsare importantbioactive components of functional food which have significant role on well being of human and animal.These bioactive components provides one of the possible approach for improving the health image and developing functional products. Discovery of new prebiotic/probiotic/synbiotic functional foods leads to the food industry to renew constantly by introduction of food items with enhanced nutritional value and also with health advantage for consumers. This review provides information regarding healthbenefits of synbiotic food compounds as they provide bioactive componentsfor health. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
    [Show full text]
  • PROMITOR® Soluble Fibre and Synbiotics PROBIOTICS
    PROMITOR® Soluble Fibre and Synbiotics Recent consensus statement released by The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) provides a definition and scope of synbiotics.1 • Association of academic and industrial scientists with a common interest in generating high-quality, collaborative, multidisciplinary science and guidance • Only scientific organization dedicated specifically to probiotics and prebiotics • Provides an objective, science-based, trusted voice to guide informed choices PREBIOTICS PROBIOTICS A substrate that is selectively utilized Live microorganisms that, when by host microorganisms conferring a administered in adequate amounts, health benefit confer a health benefit on the host SYNBIOTIC Mix of live microorganisms and substrate(s) selectively utilized by host microorganisms for a health benefit Human clinical study evaluates combination of prebiotic PROMITOR® Soluble Fibre and probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus, LGG® PROMITOR® Probiotic Health Soluble Fibre + LGG = Synbiotic Benefit(s) Soluble Fibre Human intervention study with healthy elderly adults (aged 60-80), consumed 12 g/day of PROMITOR® soluble fibre with or without L. rhamnosus GG® for three weeks.2 i. All treatments (fibre alone or with probiotics) provided significant changes in gut microbiota, while a placebo did not ii. Consumption of L. rhamnosus GG® combined with PROMITOR® soluble fibre increased NK cell activity, a marker of innate immunity, compared to baseline in females and the older group iii. In addition, the study showed a decrease of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 with the dietary intervention of L. rhamnosus GG® combined with PROMITOR® soluble fibre © Tate&Lyle 2021 PROMITOR® Soluble Fibre Overview PROMITOR® Soluble Fibre makes it easy to meet consumer demands for more fibre.
    [Show full text]
  • A Closer Look at Synbiotics a Powerful Combination of Prebiotics and Probiotics
    NUTRITION EXCHANGE A Closer Look at Synbiotics A Powerful Combination of Prebiotics and Probiotics When it comes to the gut microbiota, sometimes it’s not only Prebiotics, such as psyllium, are non-digestible carbohydrates what you are feeding a patient, but also how bacteria and certain that are selectively fermented by beneficial bacteria in the ingredients can work together in a beneficial way.Synbiotics colon. Prebiotics may promote growth and metabolic activity of are a mixture of prebiotics and probiotics that benefit the host beneficial bacterial species.1,2 This may improve microbial balance by improving the survival and implantation of live beneficial in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and promote production of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.1,2 This is achieved by butyrate, the primary fuel source for colonocytes.2,3 selectively stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria to help Butyrate, the short-chain fatty acid, may confer the following maintain gut health.1,3 GI benefits:2,6,7 2,5 The World Health Organization definesprobiotics as “live • Increase absorption of water and electrolytes microorganisms that when consumed in adequate amounts • Enhance mucosal blood flow confer a health benefit on the host.”4 • Nourish gut epithelium to promote cell turnover • Modification of gut microbiota • Enhance mucosal size and stability through increasing • Compete with pathogenic bacteria for binding to gut mucosa microvilli size • Strengthening of gut epithelial barrier • Reduce microbial adhesion of pathogenic bacteria • Modulation of host immune system • Anti-inflammatory action to increase healing after an insult • Production of short-chain fatty acids and decrease gut permeability • Enhance immune system function The health benefits of probiotics are strain specific.
    [Show full text]
  • Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics—A Promising Strategy in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases?
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics—A Promising Strategy in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases? Beata Olas Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +48-42-635-4484 Received: 19 November 2020; Accepted: 17 December 2020; Published: 20 December 2020 Abstract: Recent evidence suggests that probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics may serve as important dietary components in the prevention (especially) and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the recommendations for their use are often based on brief reports and small clinical studies. This review evaluates the current literature on the correlation between CVD and probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Although research on probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics has grown exponentially in recent years, particularly regarding the effect of probiotics on CVD, their mechanisms have not been clearly defined. It has been proposed that probiotics lower cholesterol levels, and may protect against CVD, by increasing bile salt synthesis and bile acid deconjugation. Similar effects have also been observed for prebiotics and synbiotics; however, probiotics also appear to have anti-oxidative, anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory properties. Importantly, probiotics not only have demonstrated effects in vitro and in animal models, but also in humans, where supplementation with probiotics decreases
    [Show full text]
  • Synbiotic Preparation with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Inulin As A
    a ISSN 0101-2061 Food Science and Technology DDOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-457X.26216 Synbiotic preparation with Lactic acid bacteria and inulin as a functional food: In vivo evaluation of microbial activities, and preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci Chaiyavat CHAIYASUT1, Thanawat PATTANANANDECHA1, Sasithorn SIRILUN1, Prasit SUWANNALERT2, Sartjin PEERAJAN3, Bhagavathi Sundaram SIVAMARUTHI1* Abstract Host microbiome and metabolome are associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer (CC), one of the major health problems in developed countries. The pro and prebiotic supplementation helps to improve the host health. Inulin is one such prebiotic used for the enhancement of naïve probiotic bacterial population. This paper explains the impact of inulin (PRE) extracted from Jerusalem artichoke (JA), Lactobacillus plantarum HII11 (PRD), and synbiotic (SYN; inulin + L. plantarum HII11) preparation on Azoxymethane mediated CC induced rat model with respect to changes in microbial load, microbial enzymes, and preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci. The results suggested that the PRE and SYN supplementation effectively reduced the selected pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli), microbial enzymes and increased the probiotic load. The intervention of SYN significantly reduced the colonic ACF in CC model. The study results revealed that the supplementation of SYN diet (inulin and L. plantarum HII11) protects the ADM-mediated colon cancer induced host. Keywords: inulin; L. plantarum; probiotic; prebiotic; synbiotic. Practical Application: The study results help to develop functional food to improve the human health. 1 Introduction Colorectal cancer (CC) is one of the major health problems the growth and/ or activity of probiotic bacteria, resisting with the vast incidence in developed countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Prebiotics and Synbiotics: Dietary Strategies for Improving Gut Health Janina A
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications in Food Science and Food Science and Technology Department Technology 2016 Prebiotics and synbiotics: Dietary strategies for improving gut health Janina A. Krumbeck University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Maria X. Maldonado-Gomez University of Nebraska – Lincoln, [email protected] Amanda E. Ramer-Tait University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Robert W. Hutkins University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/foodsciefacpub Part of the Food Microbiology Commons Krumbeck, Janina A.; Maldonado-Gomez, Maria X.; Ramer-Tait, Amanda E.; and Hutkins, Robert W., "Prebiotics and synbiotics: Dietary strategies for improving gut health" (2016). Faculty Publications in Food Science and Technology. 232. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/foodsciefacpub/232 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Food Science and Technology Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications in Food Science and Technology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 32 (2016), pp. 110–119. doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000249 Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Used by permission. digitalcommons.unl.edu Prebiotics and synbiotics: Dietary strategies for improving gut health Janina A. Krumbeck,1, 2 Maria X. Maldonado-Gomez,1 Amanda E. Ramer-Tait,1 and Robert W. Hutkins1 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA Corresponding author — Robert W.
    [Show full text]
  • Gut Microbiota and Probiotics/Synbiotics for Modulation of Immunity in Critically Ill Patients
    nutrients Review Gut Microbiota and Probiotics/Synbiotics for Modulation of Immunity in Critically Ill Patients Kentaro Shimizu * , Masahiro Ojima and Hiroshi Ogura Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; [email protected] (M.O.); [email protected] (H.O.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Patients suffering from critical illness have host inflammatory responses against injuries, such as infection and trauma, that can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death. Modulation of host immune response as well as infection and damage control are detrimental factors in the management of systemic inflammation. The gut is the motor of multiple organ failure following injury, and it is recognized that gut dysfunction is one of the causative factors of disease progression. The gut microbiota has a role in maintaining host immunity, and disruption of the gut microbiota might induce an immunosuppressive condition in critically ill patients. Treatment with probiotics and synbiotics has been reported to attenuate systemic inflammation by maintaining gut microbiota and to reduce postoperative infectious complications and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The administration of prophylactic probiotics/synbiotics could be an important treatment option for preventing infectious complications and modulating immunity. Further basic and clinical research is needed to promote intestinal therapies for critically ill patients. Citation: Shimizu, K.; Ojima, M.; Keywords: microbiota; gut; ICU; immune; ventilator; inflammation; probiotics; prebiotics; Ogura, H. Gut Microbiota and synbiotics; critically Probiotics/Synbiotics for Modulation of Immunity in Critically Ill Patients. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2439.
    [Show full text]