EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 1.10.2010 SEC(2010) 1143 final COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT SITUATION IN THE DIFFERENT SECTORS Accompanying document to the REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION 27th ANNUAL REPORT ON MONITORING THE APPLICATION OF EU LAW (2009) COM(2010) 538 SEC(2010) 1144 EN EN TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ENTERPRISE and INDUSTRY............................................................................. 18 1.1. General introduction................................................................................................ 18 1.2. Automotive Industry................................................................................................ 21 1.3. Chemicals.................................................................................................................. 25 1.4. Pharmaceuticals ....................................................................................................... 30 1.5. Medical devices......................................................................................................... 34 1.6. Cosmetics .................................................................................................................. 35 1.7. Mechanical, electrical and telecommunications equipment................................. 37 1.8. Gas appliances, pressure equipment and legal metrology ................................... 38 1.8.1. Gas appliances........................................................................................................... 38 1.8.2. Pressure equipment.................................................................................................... 39 1.8.3. Legal metrology ......................................................................................................... 40 1.9. Construction products ............................................................................................. 42 1.10. Textiles/clothing, footwear and wood..................................................................... 43 1.11. Toys............................................................................................................................44 1.12. Cultural goods .......................................................................................................... 44 1.13. Late payment ............................................................................................................ 45 1.14. Weapons.................................................................................................................... 45 1.15. Product liability........................................................................................................ 46 1.16. Defence goods ........................................................................................................... 46 1.17. Non-harmonised area............................................................................................... 47 1.18. Preventive rules of Directive 98/34/EC .................................................................. 51 2. COMPETITION ...................................................................................................... 52 2.1. Current position ....................................................................................................... 52 2.1.1. General Introduction.................................................................................................. 52 2.1.2. Work done in 2009 ..................................................................................................... 53 2.2. Evaluation based on the current situation............................................................. 58 2.3. Priorities and planned action.................................................................................. 59 3. EMPLOYMENT, SOCIAL AFFAIRS AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES ....... 59 EN 3 EN 3.1. Free movement of workers and coordination of social security schemes ........... 61 3.1.1. Current Position......................................................................................................... 61 3.1.2. Evaluation of the current situation ............................................................................ 67 3.1.3. Evaluation results....................................................................................................... 68 3.1.4. Summary..................................................................................................................... 70 3.2. Labour Law .............................................................................................................. 71 3.2.1. Current position ......................................................................................................... 71 3.2.2. Evaluation based on the current situation ................................................................. 74 3.2.3. Evaluation results....................................................................................................... 75 3.2.4. Summary..................................................................................................................... 76 3.3. Health and safety at work........................................................................................ 76 3.3.1. Current position ......................................................................................................... 76 3.3.2. Evaluation based on the current situation ................................................................. 80 3.3.3. Evaluation results....................................................................................................... 80 3.3.4. Summary..................................................................................................................... 82 3.4. Antidiscrimination and gender equality ................................................................ 83 3.4.1. Current position ......................................................................................................... 83 3.4.2. Evaluation based on the current situation ................................................................. 85 3.4.3. Evaluation results....................................................................................................... 85 3.4.4. Summary..................................................................................................................... 86 4. AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT............................................. 87 4.1. Current position ....................................................................................................... 87 4.1.1. General introduction.................................................................................................. 87 4.1.2. Report of work done in 2009...................................................................................... 89 4.2. Evaluation ............................................................................................................... 104 4.2.1. General evaluation................................................................................................... 104 4.2.2. Sector based remarks ............................................................................................... 105 4.3. Evaluation results................................................................................................... 107 4.3.1. Priorities and action planed 2010............................................................................ 107 4.4. Summary................................................................................................................. 111 5. ENERGY , MOBILITY and TRANSPORT........................................................ 112 EN 4 EN 5.1. ENERGY - Internal electricity and gas market.................................................. 112 5.1.1. Current position ....................................................................................................... 112 5.1.2. Evaluation of the current position............................................................................ 113 5.1.3. Evaluation results..................................................................................................... 114 5.1.4. Sector summary........................................................................................................ 114 5.2. ENERGY - Coal and Oil........................................................................................ 114 5.2.1. Current position ....................................................................................................... 114 5.2.2. Evaluation of the current position............................................................................ 116 5.2.3. Evaluation results..................................................................................................... 116 5.2.4. Sector summary........................................................................................................ 117 5.3. ENERGY - Renewable energy sources ................................................................ 117 5.3.1. Current position ....................................................................................................... 117 5.3.2. Evaluation of the current position............................................................................ 118 5.3.3. Evaluation results..................................................................................................... 119 5.3.4. Sector summary........................................................................................................ 119 5.4.
Recommended publications
  • INCEPTION IMPACT ASSESSMENT Revision of EU Legislation On
    Ref. Ares(2021)2969734 - 04/05/2021 INCEPTION IMPACT ASSESSMENT Inception Impact Assessments aim to inform citizens and stakeholders about the Commission's plans in order to allow them to provide feedback on the intended initiative and to participate effectively in future consultation activities. Citizens and stakeholders are in particular invited to provide views on the Commission's understanding of the problem and possible solutions and to make available any relevant information that they may have, including on possible impacts of the different options. TITLE OF THE INITIATIVE Revision of EU legislation on hazard classification, labelling and packaging of chemicals LEAD DG (RESPONSIBLE UNIT) ENV.B2, GROW.F2 LIKELY TYPE OF INITIATIVE Legislative initiative INDICATIVE PLANNING Q2 2022 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION https://ec.europa.eu/environment/strategy/chemicals-strategy_en The Inception Impact Assessment is provided for information purposes only. It does not prejudge the final decision of the Commission on whether this initiative will be pursued or on its final content. All elements of the initiative described by the Inception impact assessment, including its timing, are subject to change. A. Context, Problem definition and Subsidiarity Check Context The Commission’s European Green Deal1 sets a high ambition for zero pollution leading to a toxic-free environment. One of the first deliverables is the Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability: Towards a Toxic-free Environment2 adopted on 14 October 2020. The objectives of the strategy are to achieve a legitimate higher level of protection of citizens and of the environment against hazardous chemicals. It is also an opportunity to encourage innovation for the development of safe and sustainable alternatives and to promote the EU industry as a global frontrunner in the chemicals production and use.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Gathering for CLP Classification
    132 ANN IST SUPER SANITÀ 2011 | VOL. 47, NO. 2: 132-139 DOI: 10.4415/ANN_11_02_03 Information gathering for CLP classification Ida Marcello(a), Felice Giordano(b) and Francesca Marina Costamagna(a) 1272/2008 (a)Centro Nazionale Sostanze Chimiche, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy ON (b) I Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy T A EGUL Summary. Regulation 1272/2008 includes provisions for two types of classification: harmonised classi- R fication and self-classification. The harmonised classification of substances is decided at Community level and a list of harmonised classifications is included in the Annex VI of the classification, labelling CLP and packaging Regulation (CLP). If a chemical substance is not included in the harmonised classifi- HE cation list it must be self-classified, based on available information, according to the requirements of T Annex I of the CLP Regulation. CLP appoints that the harmonised classification will be performed for carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction substances (CMR substances) and for respira- tory sensitisers category 1 and for other hazard classes on a case-by-case basis. The first step of clas- sification is the gathering of available and relevant information. This paper presents the procedure for gathering information and to obtain data. The data quality is also discussed. Key words: hazardous substances, European Union, information systems, classification, globally harmonized system. Riassunto (Raccolta di informazioni per la classificazione in accordo con il Regolamento CLP). Il Regolamento sulla classificazione, etichettatura e imballaggio di sostanze e miscele (CLP) considera due tipi di classifi- cazione: la classificazione armonizzata e l’autoclassificazione.
    [Show full text]
  • REACH Annex II SDS Changes Christine Lepisto SCHC Fall Meeting, 2020
    REACH Annex II SDS Changes Christine Lepisto SCHC Fall Meeting, 2020 AGENDA REACH Annex II SDS Changes The Basics: What, Why, When? Change drivers: UN GHS Revisions 6 and 7 CLP Regulation: Adaptations to Technical Progress CLP Regulation: NEW Annex VIII on Poison Centre Notification REACH Amendments: Registration of Nanoforms REACH and the European Union framework on endocrine disruptors REACH: Evolving trends in Substances of Very High Concern Accumulated effects on Section 3 of the SDS 1-Nov-20 © C. Lepisto, Chemical Safety Consulting, 2020 3 REACH Annex II SDS Changes WHAT, WHY, WHEN? 1-Nov-20 © C. Lepisto, Chemical Safety Consulting, 2020 4 THE BASICS What – Amendment to REACH • COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2020/878 of 18 June 2020 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) 1-Nov-20 © C. Lepisto, Chemical Safety Consulting, 2020 5 THE BASICS Why – the Drivers • Revision of GHS: 12th ATP of CLP • The 12th ATP of CLP sets GHS 6th and 7th Revised edition requirements in effect by 17 October 2020. • Other changes related to CLP • Specific concentration limits, multiplying factors, acute toxicity estimates • Annex VIII Poison Centre Notification Unique Formula Identifier (UFI) • Related to REACH Annexes I, III and VI to XII • Nanoforms • European Union framework on endocrine disruptors • Emerging substances of very high concern (SVHCs) 1-Nov-20 © C. Lepisto, Chemical Safety Consulting, 2020 6 THE BASICS When – and “Really, when?” • SHALL APPLY FROM • DEROGATION: Safety data sheets not complying with the Annex to this Regulation may continue to be provided until… CEFIC:ECHA: 31 Dec Still 2022 NEWdiscussing,forReally, new and or IMPROVED! when? existing answer in SDSSDS guidance 1-Nov-20 © C.
    [Show full text]
  • Promotion of Emergency Numbers
    EENA Operations Document Promotion of Emergency Numbers Title: Promotion of Emergency Numbers Version: 1.0 Code: 1.2.1_EducationEmergencyNumbers_v1.0.doc Revision Date: 14-08-2013 Status of the Draft For comments Approved document: EENA Operations Document – Promotion of Emergency Numbers 1 EENA asbl [email protected] - www.eena.org is a non-for-profit association Contributors to this document This document was written by members of the EENA Operations Committee: Members Country / Organisation Jerome Paris EENA Tony O'Brien EENA Anders Klarström SOS Alarm, Sweden Adrian Fulea Special Telecommunications Service (STS) Angeles Rodriguez 112 Canary Islands EENA Operations Document – Promotion of Emergency Numbers 2 EENA asbl [email protected] - www.eena.org is a non-for-profit association Table of contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 2 Legislation ............................................................................................................................ 4 3 General overview ................................................................................................................... 4 A. Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 4 i. Save lives and properties .................................................................................................... 4 ii. Reduce hoax calls and improve cost efficiency of emergency services
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Impact Report
    2017 IMPACT REPORT EUROPEAN UNION OF THE DEAF 02 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS EUD would like to thank the European The EUD interns Gianluca Grioli, Bernadette Commission for funding this 2017 Impact Auersperg and Valeria Giura, along with all Report under the REC Work Programme. members of staff contributed to this up-to- Without their substantial financial date report with photos, texts and signed contributions, the publication of this report input. would not have been possible. Our member associations are at the heart of The support of the EUD Board and President our work and we thank them for assisting and have been of invaluable help to create an co-operating with us throughout the year. accurate and up-to-date account of the EUD activities in 2017: The European Disability Forum (EDF), our European disability umbrella organisation, Board 2014 - 2017: has been a great partner in all our work, President .......... Dr Markku Jokinen informing us and collaborating with our Vice-President .... Dr Humberto Insolera board and staff via email and in person, in and Board Member .... Louise “Lolo” Danielsson outside of Brussels. Board Member .... Alfredo Gómez Fernández Board Member .... Dr Gergely Tapolczai In support of its daily work, EUD has been in contact with a large number of Members of Board 2017 - 2021: the European Parliament (MEPs) and other President .......... Dr Markku Jokinen EU policymakers and aspires to continue this Vice-President .... Dr Gergely Tapolczai fruitful co-operation in the coming years. Board Member .... Louise “Lolo” Danielsson Board Member .... Daniel Büter Board Member .... Sofia Isari Dr Markku Jokinen Dr Gergely Tapolczai Louise “Lolo” Danielsson Sofia Isari Daniel Büter EUD IMPACT REPORT 2017 03 FOREWORD BY EUD PRESIDENT My mandate as president came to an end considered, and the Act looked positive.
    [Show full text]
  • Etibor-68 Safety Data Sheet
    ETİBOR-68 SAFETY DATA SHEET Date of initial Issue : March 2007 Revision No : 08.2 Date of Revision : February 2019 ETİ MADEN İŞLETMELERİ GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ Ayvalı Mah. Halil Sezai Erkut Cad. Afra Sok. No: 1/A 06010 Keçiören/Ankara TÜRKİYE SECTION 1. Identification of the Substance and the Company 1.1. Product identifier Substance name : Disodium tetraborate, anhydrous Trade name : ETİBOR-68 (Anhydrous borax) Chemical name/synonyms: Anhydrous borax, dehydrated borax, disodium tetraborate anhydrous Index N° : 005-011-00-4 CAS N° : 1330-43-4 EC N° : 215-540-4 REACH Registration number: 01-2119490790-32-0002 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance and uses advised against Relevant identified uses The product is used in industrial manufacturing and formulation, among others in: - Metallurgical Fluxes - Glass - Fiberglass - Ceramics - Fertilizers - Flame retardants For area-specific use, see the exposure scenarios in the annex of this extended Safety Data Sheet (eSDS). Uses advised against Not applicable, there are no uses of Etibor-68 (Anhydrous borax) advised against. 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Importer Name : AB ETIPRODUCTS OY Address : Piispanportti 5, 02240 Espoo/FINLAND Phone No : + 358 9 819 444 40 Fax No : + 358 9 819 444 44 e-mail : [email protected] Manufacturer Name : ETİ MADEN İŞLETMELERİ GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ Address : Ayvalı Mah. Halil Sezai Erkut Cad. Afra Sok. No: 1/A 06010 Keçiören/Ankara TÜRKİYE Phone No : +90 312 294 20 00 Fax No : +90 312 232 71 84 1.4. Emergency phone number : +49 (0)6132-84463 (24-Hour-Number) GBK GmbH Page 2 of 14 SECTION 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The CLP Regulation: Origin, Scope and Evolution
    126 ANN IST SUPER SANITÀ 2011 | VOL. 47, NO. 2: 126-131 DOI: 10.4415/ANN_11_02_02 The CLP Regulation: origin, scope and evolution 1272/2008 ON I Paola Di Prospero Fanghella and Tiziana Catone T A Centro Nazionale Sostanze Chimiche, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy EGUL R Summary. The CLP Regulation implements in the EU the UN Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling applying the “building block approach”, that is taking on board the CLP hazard classes and categories which are close to the existing EU system in order to maintain the HE level of protection of human health and environment. This Regulation applies to all substances and T mixtures placed on the market and besides to classification, packaging and labelling it provides for the notification of the classification and labelling of substances to the Classification & Labelling Inventory established by ECHA. It came into force on 20 January 2009 but a transitional period is foreseen until 1 June 2015 for the full application. At the end of this period the “substance” and “preparation” Directives (respectively 67/548/EEC and 99/45/EC) will be repealed. Key words: GHS, CLP, classification and labelling, C&L Inventory, CLP helpdesk, CLP notification. Riassunto (Il Regolamento CLP: origine, scopo ed evoluzione). Il Regolamento CLP traspone nel- l’Unione Europea il sistema armonizzato globale delle Nazioni Unite applicando il criterio del building block approach che consente di adottare alcune classi e categorie di pericolo simili a quelle preesistenti nell’attuale sistema UE per mantenere il livello attuale di protezione della salute umana e dell’ambiente.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpretation and Implications of the European Commission Recommendation on the Definition of Nanomaterial
    Interpretation and implications of the European Commission Recommendation on the definition of nanomaterial RIVM Letter Report 601358001/2012 E.A.J. Bleeker et al. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment P.O. Box 1 | 3720 BA Bilthoven www.rivm.com Interpretation and implications of the European Commission Recommendation on the definition of nanomaterial RIVM Letter report 601358001/2012 E.A.J. Bleeker et al. RIVM Letter report 601358001 Colophon © RIVM 2012 Parts of this publication may be reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to the 'National Institute for Public Health and the Environment', together with the title and year of publication. Eric A.J. Bleeker Flemming R. Cassee Robert E. Geertsma Wim H. de Jong Evelyn H. W. Heugens Marjorie Koers-Jacquemijns Dik van de Meent Agnes G. Oomen Jan Popma Anton G. Rietveld Susan W.P. Wijnhoven Contact: Eric A.J. Bleeker Expertise Centre for Substances [email protected] This investigation was commissioned by Interdepartmental Working Group on Risks of Nanotechnology (IWR) in the framework of Risks of Nanotechnology Knowledge and Information Centre (KIR nano). Page 2 of 43 RIVM Letter report 601358001 Abstract Interpretation and implications of the European Commission definition on nanomaterials In October 2011, the European Commission published the Recommendation on the Definition of Nanomaterial. RIVM considers this definition to be a good basis for further discussion that should focus on two aspects of the definition: the proposed size limits for nanoparticles (1 to 100 nanometres); and the requirement that at least 50 % of the number of particles should be in this size range.
    [Show full text]
  • Eurohealth Volume 15 Number 1, 2009
    Eurohealth RESEARCH • DEBATE • POLICY • NEWS Volume 15 Number 1, 2009 Chronic disease management and remote patient monitoring Chronic disease management in Europe and the US Clinical and economic perspectives on remote patient monitoring Adopting mainstream telecom services: lessons from the UK Cross-border health care: implications for NHS • Norway: improving child and adolescent mental health services Promoting a sustainable workforce • Pharmaceutical sector in Srpska • South Korea: long term care insurance Chronic disease management and the Eurohealth use of remote patient monitoring LSE Health, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK Chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes, have fax: +44 (0)20 7955 6090 C http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/LSEHealth substantial health and economic impacts. Routine con- sultations to monitor these conditions place a consider- Editorial Team able strain on health service resources. Consequently, EDITOR: there has been an increased interest in utilising informa- David McDaid: +44 (0)20 7955 6381 email: [email protected] tion technology to help manage patients. One such inno- vation – the use of remote monitoring – allows for the FOUNDING EDITOR: O Elias Mossialos: +44 (0)20 7955 7564 collection of routine information on the health status of email: [email protected] individuals outside the doctor’s office and is the focus of DEPUTY EDITORS: much of this issue of Eurohealth. Sherry Merkur: +44 (0)20 7955 6194 Philipa Mladovsky: +44 (0)20 7955 7298 Chronic disease management (CDM) encompasses the ASSISTANT EDITORS: M ongoing management of chronic conditions over a period Azusa Sato +44 (0)20 7955 6476 of time using evidence-based care.
    [Show full text]
  • The Habitats and Birds Directives Versus the Common Fisheries Policy: a Paradox
    article The Habitats and Birds Directives versus the Common Fisheries Policy: A Paradox Jaap Leijen Keywords Conservation of habitats, conservation of birds, fisheries conservation, exclusive competence, Habitats Directive, Birds Di- rective, CFP Basic Regulation, EU environmental policy, EU common fisheries policy. Abstract The interaction between environmental conservation and fisheries has never been easy. This is no less true for European Union (EU) policy in these areas. Numerous EU Member States, and the European Commission, are struggling with the paradox in EU law that emerges when EU environmental policy and EU fisheries policy overlap. On the one hand, EU Member States are required to take conservation or protection measures, if necessary, in specific areas to fulfil their duties stemming from the Habitats and Birds Directives. On the other hand, Member States are, to a great extent, deprived of their competence to fulfil these duties as soon as these measures possibly touch upon fisheries. There is an exclusive competence for the EU attached to the common fisheries policy of the EU. This article addresses this paradoxical situation by analysing the Habitats and Birds Directives on the one side, and the exclusive competence of the EU in the area of fisheries on the other. The article concludes by examining possible solutions to the paradox, hopefully constituting worthwhile contributions to an ungoing discussion. The article is a revised version of a report written on behalf of the Amsterdam International Law Clinic. Author Affiliations Jaap Leijen is a law student at the University of Amsterdam, where he is currently finishing the LLM Programme in European Union Law.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Slovenia's Crisis Preparations and Response Measures
    In accordance with Article 38 of the Regulation on the Ministry of Defence Planning (No. 024-34/2011- 21 of 13 September 2012) I hereby issue the ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE FOR 2017 2/114 TABLE OF CONTENTS The structure of the report reflects the key working areas of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) which fol- low the programme structure of the budget. In addition to military defence and protection against nat- ural and other disasters, a special chapter in the report summarizes the activities which took place in the administrative field, which carries out steering, managerial, common, supporting and other administrative assignments for the entire Ministry. This section also includes crisis management. Finally, the resource plans, key implementation plans of the MoD and their progress and completion, and the implementation of the risk register are presented at the end of the report. MINISTER’S STATEMENT . 6 MILITARY DEFENCE . .10 . 1 STRUCTURE AND SIZE OF THE SAF ....................................................10 2 SAF MILITARY TRAINING AND EXERCISES ............................................... 11 3 DEVELOPMENT AND BUILDING OF SAF CAPABILITIES ....................................16 4 MAINTAINING A LEVEL OF READINESS .................................................17 5 KEY PROJECTS OF THE MODERNIZATION OF THE SAF ....................................18 6 SAF OPERATIONS IN SUPPORT OF THE SYSTEM OF PROTECTION AGAINST NATURAL AND OTHER DISASTERS ...............................................................21 7 SAF CONTRIBUTION
    [Show full text]
  • EU Fire Safety Guide Printable Version
    FIREFIGHTING STRUCTURAL SAFETY COMPARTMENTATION EVACUATION EARLY SUPPRESSION DETECTION PREVENTION GUIDE THE 7 LAYERS OF FIRE SAFE BUILDINGS THE 7 LAYERS OF FIRE SAFETY IN BUILDINGS INTRODUCTION Over the past decades, Europe has achieved substantial improvements in fire safety thanks to the continuous adjustment and 65% implementation of fire safety strategies. FATALITIES OVER As a result of comprehensive approaches, THE LAST fire fatalities have fallen by 65% in 30 YEARS Europe over the last 30 years. However, more needs to be done as fire EACH FIRE safety in buildings remains a major societal VICTIM issue. According to statistics, it is estimated IS ONE that, in Europe, around 5000 people a year TOO MANY are killed due to building fires. 1 All actors involved should intensify their efforts in finding and implementing effective solutions. According to the subsidiarity principle, fire safety is a national competence, but the European Union (EU) also has a role to play. For instance, in 2017, it established the EU Fire Information Exchange Platform (FIEP) to enhance cooperation among Member States, In 2017 as well as to facilitate the exchange of information with stakeholders, identifying five EU FIRE INFORMATION priority areas: statistics, fire prevention, EXCHANGE PLATFORM (FIEP) innovation in products and applications FORMED including high-rise buildings, experience from fire accidents and fire engineering. Most of the fatalities from fire happen in residential fires that are preventable. To achieve this, fire safety in buildings requires a holistic approach from preventing the start of any fire to containing and extinguishing it. In this guide, we present the seven layers of fire EARLY STRUCTURAL FIREFIGHTING safety that must be considered in order to PREVENTION DETECTION SUPPRESSION EVACUATION COMPARTMENTATION SAFETY protect citizens and buildings, and how each of these can be improved.
    [Show full text]