Reception Performance Improvement of AM/FM Tuner by Digital Signal Processing Technology
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
ETR 132 TECHNICAL August 1994 REPORT
ETSI ETR 132 TECHNICAL August 1994 REPORT Source: EBU/ETSI JTC Reference: DTR/JTC-00011 ICS: 33.060 Key words: Broadcasting, FM, radio, transmitter, VHF European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision EBU UER Radio broadcasting systems; Code of practice for site engineering Very High Frequency (VHF), frequency modulated, sound broadcasting transmitters ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI Secretariat Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: [email protected] Tel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16 Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1994. All rights reserved. New presentation - see History box © European Broadcasting Union 1994. All rights reserved. Page 2 ETR 132: August 1994 Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content, typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to "ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page. Page 3 ETR 132: August 1994 Contents Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................7 1 Scope -
PCI 3-In-1 TV Tuner Card Model 176149 Transform Your Desktop Computer Into a Digital Multimedia Center
PCI 3-in-1 TV Tuner Card Model 176149 Transform your desktop computer into a digital multimedia center. Receive digital television and radio broadcasts almost anywhere! DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting — Terrestrial) delivers practical digital television broadcasting to consumers worldwide. Many countries have already implemented DVB-T or have decided to use it for future digital terrestrial television deployment. The MANHATTAN® PCI 3-in-1 TV Tuner Card brings free-to-air digital terrestrial and analog television and FM radio to desktop computers. Advanced Features and Controls Enhance Viewing Options Digital Personal Video Recording captures and directly saves television programs to the hard drive for replay or transfer to CD and other portable media devices. Electronic Program Guide (EPG) allows the viewer to browse program summaries, conduct channel and program searches, schedule reminders and other functions. Using the time-shifting capability, viewers can replay favorite scenes, skip annoying advertising and apply pause/rewind/ fast forward control to live video and recorded programs. Easy to Install and Ready to Use Simple connection and Plug and Play capability allow the MANHATTAN PCI 3-in-1 TV Tuner Card to easily install in seconds on a Windows-compatible desktop computer. Lifetime Warranty Strict manufacturing standards ensure the highest quality in all MANHATTAN products. All items carry a full Lifetime Warranty — the strongest quality commitment anyone can make. Model 176149 Features Specifications • Receive free-to-air DVB-T, -
Discrete Cosine Transform Based Image Fusion Techniques VPS Naidu MSDF Lab, FMCD, National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, INDIA E.Mail: [email protected]
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NAL-IR Journal of Communication, Navigation and Signal Processing (January 2012) Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 35-45 Discrete Cosine Transform based Image Fusion Techniques VPS Naidu MSDF Lab, FMCD, National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore, INDIA E.mail: [email protected] Abstract: Six different types of image fusion algorithms based on 1 discrete cosine transform (DCT) were developed and their , k 1 0 performance was evaluated. Fusion performance is not good while N Where (k ) 1 and using the algorithms with block size less than 8x8 and also the block 1 2 size equivalent to the image size itself. DCTe and DCTmx based , 1 k 1 N 1 1 image fusion algorithms performed well. These algorithms are very N 1 simple and might be suitable for real time applications. 1 , k 0 Keywords: DCT, Contrast measure, Image fusion 2 N 2 (k 1 ) I. INTRODUCTION 2 , 1 k 2 N 2 1 Off late, different image fusion algorithms have been developed N 2 to merge the multiple images into a single image that contain all useful information. Pixel averaging of the source images k 1 & k 2 discrete frequency variables (n1 , n 2 ) pixel index (the images to be fused) is the simplest image fusion technique and it often produces undesirable side effects in the fused image Similarly, the 2D inverse discrete cosine transform is defined including reduced contrast. To overcome this side effects many as: researchers have developed multi resolution [1-3], multi scale [4,5] and statistical signal processing [6,7] based image fusion x(n1 , n 2 ) (k 1 ) (k 2 ) N 1 N 1 techniques. -
Digital Signals
Technical Information Digital Signals 1 1 bit t Part 1 Fundamentals Technical Information Part 1: Fundamentals Part 2: Self-operated Regulators Part 3: Control Valves Part 4: Communication Part 5: Building Automation Part 6: Process Automation Should you have any further questions or suggestions, please do not hesitate to contact us: SAMSON AG Phone (+49 69) 4 00 94 67 V74 / Schulung Telefax (+49 69) 4 00 97 16 Weismüllerstraße 3 E-Mail: [email protected] D-60314 Frankfurt Internet: http://www.samson.de Part 1 ⋅ L150EN Digital Signals Range of values and discretization . 5 Bits and bytes in hexadecimal notation. 7 Digital encoding of information. 8 Advantages of digital signal processing . 10 High interference immunity. 10 Short-time and permanent storage . 11 Flexible processing . 11 Various transmission options . 11 Transmission of digital signals . 12 Bit-parallel transmission. 12 Bit-serial transmission . 12 Appendix A1: Additional Literature. 14 99/12 ⋅ SAMSON AG CONTENTS 3 Fundamentals ⋅ Digital Signals V74/ DKE ⋅ SAMSON AG 4 Part 1 ⋅ L150EN Digital Signals In electronic signal and information processing and transmission, digital technology is increasingly being used because, in various applications, digi- tal signal transmission has many advantages over analog signal transmis- sion. Numerous and very successful applications of digital technology include the continuously growing number of PCs, the communication net- work ISDN as well as the increasing use of digital control stations (Direct Di- gital Control: DDC). Unlike analog technology which uses continuous signals, digital technology continuous or encodes the information into discrete signal states (Fig. 1). When only two discrete signals states are assigned per digital signal, these signals are termed binary si- gnals. -
C 427 AM/FM Tuner ENGLISH FRANÇAIS ESPAÑOL PORTUGUÊS ITALIANO DEUTSCH Owner’S Manual NEDERLANDS SVENSKA РУССКИЙ IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ENGLISH
Owner’s Manual Owner’s ® AM/FM Tuner C 427 РУССКИЙ SVENSKA NEDERLANDS DEUTSCH ITALIANO PORTUGUÊS ESPAÑOL FRANÇAIS ENGLISH IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ENGLISH SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS FOR LATER USE. NOTE TO CATV SYSTEM INSTALLER FOLLOW ALL WARNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS MARKED ON THE AUDIO This reminder is provided to call the CATV system installer’s attention to Section 820-40 of EQUIPMENT. the NEC which provides guidelines for proper grounding and, in particular, specifies that the cable ground shall be connected to the grounding system of the building, as close to 1 Read instructions - All the safety and operating instructions should be read the point of cable entry as practical. before the product is operated. FRANÇAIS 2 Retain instructions - The safety and operating instructions should be retained for future reference. 3 Heed Warnings - All warnings on the product and in the operating instructions should be adhered to. 4 Follow Instructions - All operating and use instructions should be followed. 5 Cleaning - Unplug this product from the wall outlet before cleaning. Do not use liquid cleaners or aerosol cleaners. Clean only with a dry cloth. 6 Attachments - Do not use attachments not recommended by the product ESPAÑOL manufacturer as they may cause hazards. 7 Water and Moisture - Do not use this product near water-for example, near a bath tub, wash bowl, kitchen sink, or laundry tub; in a wet basement; or near a swimming pool; and the like. 8 Accessories - Do not place this product on an unstable cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table. The product may fall, causing serious injury to a child or adult, and serious damage to the product. -
How I Came up with the Discrete Cosine Transform Nasir Ahmed Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
mxT*L. BImL4L. PRocEsSlNG 1,4-5 (1991) How I Came Up with the Discrete Cosine Transform Nasir Ahmed Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 During the late sixties and early seventies, there to study a “cosine transform” using Chebyshev poly- was a great deal of research activity related to digital nomials of the form orthogonal transforms and their use for image data compression. As such, there were a large number of T,(m) = (l/N)‘/“, m = 1, 2, . , N transforms being introduced with claims of better per- formance relative to others transforms. Such compari- em- lh) h = 1 2 N T,(m) = (2/N)‘%os 2N t ,...) . sons were typically made on a qualitative basis, by viewing a set of “standard” images that had been sub- jected to data compression using transform coding The motivation for looking into such “cosine func- techniques. At the same time, a number of researchers tions” was that they closely resembled KLT basis were doing some excellent work on making compari- functions for a range of values of the correlation coef- sons on a quantitative basis. In particular, researchers ficient p (in the covariance matrix). Further, this at the University of Southern California’s Image Pro- range of values for p was relevant to image data per- cessing Institute (Bill Pratt, Harry Andrews, Ali Ha- taining to a variety of applications. bibi, and others) and the University of California at Much to my disappointment, NSF did not fund the Los Angeles (Judea Pearl) played a key role. -
232-ATSC 4K HDTV Tuner Contemporaryresearch.Com DATASHEET T: 888-972-2728
232-ATSC 4K HDTV Tuner contemporaryresearch.com DATASHEET t: 888-972-2728 The 232-ATSC 4K HDTV Tuner, our 5th-generation ATSC HDTV tuner, adds new capabilities to the industry-standard 232- ATSC series. New features include tuning H.264 programs up to 1080p and output scaling up to 4K. The new tuner is fully compatible with control commands for previous models. The integrator-friendly HDTV tuner is controllable with 2-way RS-232, IP Telnet and UDP, as well as wireless and wired IR commands. An onboard Web page enables remote Web control. A new menu-driven display simplifies setup. A full-featured, commercial grade HDTV tuner, the 232-ATSC 4K can receive both analog and digital MPEG-2/H.264 chan- nels, in ATSC, NTSC, and clear QAM formats. Using an optional RF-AB switch, the tuner can switch between antenna and cable feeds. • Tunes analog and digital channels in ATSC, NTSC, and clear QAM formats • Decodes MPEG2 and H.264 digital channels up to 1080p 60Hz • HDMI selectable video output resolutions: 480i, 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p, and 4K or Auto • Analog HD RGBHV and Component video output resolutions: 480i, 480p, 720p, 1080i, and 1080p, or Auto • Analog HD outputs can operate simultaneously with HDMI depending on colorspace setting • RGBHV or Component output selection from front-panel settings, Web page, or control commands • 1080p and 2160p set to 60Hz for more universal applications, 1080i and 720p can be set to 60 or 59.94Hz • AC-3, PCM, or Variable PCM audio formats for digital audio ports and HDMI • Simultaneous HDMI, SPDIF, and Analog -
MPX Stereo and SCA FM Tuner
FM – TUNER Stereo MPX decoder SCA demodulator Prof. Yosef PINHASI The tuner is aimed at receiving commercial FM radio stations broadcasting at the VHF band 88-108MHz. It enables detection of the frequency modulated signals including decoding of stereophonic transmissions and also Subsidiary Communications Authorization (SCA) signals. The RF stage shown in Figure 1, consists of a broad-band low-noise amplifier (LNA), based on the MPSH10 high frequency bipolar transistor, and followed by the balanced mixer NE602 (or today – SA602). The fundamental parameters of the front-end transistor MPSH10 of the LNA are β = 60 , fT = 650 MHz ,VBE = 6.0 V at collector current of IC = 1mA . The bias circuit are the resistors RC = 300 Ω and RE =10 Ω at the collector and emitter respectively and the feedback resistor RF = 47 KΩ between the collector and base. The emitter current is found from the formula: V −V I = CC BE = 10.56mA E R F + R + R 1+ β C E The collector current is thus IC = β ⋅ I E /(1+ β ) =10.38mA and its voltage is VC = Rc ⋅ Ic = 8.835V . The small-signal parameters of the hybrid-∏ model at the quiescent point are: IC gm = = 415 mS VT β rπ = = 145 Ω gm gm Cπ ≅ = 102 pF 2π ⋅ fT Substituting these parameters in the expression for the small-signal voltage gain results in: V g 1 R R A = out = − m − ⋅ F C = -12 V V R R + R in 1 F 142F 43C 1+ gm + ⋅ RE R || R Zπ F C The input impedance is calculating using: −1 Vin 1 1− AV RF Zin = = + = []Zπ + ()1+ gmZπ ⋅ RE || Iin Zπ + ()1+ gmZπ ⋅ RE RF 1− AV 470 560 + 100K .1 µ 6V Tuning 100 µ 1n 1n 1K 220K 560 µ 100K 10p 24V CV L3 100K 10p 47 µ .1 µ .1 µ .47 µ 22K NE602 +12V 300 30p 30p 10.7MHz 47K MPSH10 100p Antenna 10 .1 µ Figure 1: The RF front-end and mixer of the tuner. -
Maintenance of Remote Communication Facility (Rcf)
ORDER rlll,, J MAINTENANCE OF REMOTE commucf~TIoN FACILITY (RCF) EQUIPMENTS OCTOBER 16, 1989 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION AbMINISTRATION Distribution: Selected Airway Facilities Field Initiated By: ASM- 156 and Regional Offices, ZAF-600 10/16/89 6580.5 FOREWORD 1. PURPOSE. direction authorized by the Systems Maintenance Service. This handbook provides guidance and prescribes techni- Referenceslocated in the chapters of this handbook entitled cal standardsand tolerances,and proceduresapplicable to the Standardsand Tolerances,Periodic Maintenance, and Main- maintenance and inspection of remote communication tenance Procedures shall indicate to the user whether this facility (RCF) equipment. It also provides information on handbook and/or the equipment instruction books shall be special methodsand techniquesthat will enablemaintenance consulted for a particular standard,key inspection element or personnel to achieve optimum performancefrom the equip- performance parameter, performance check, maintenance ment. This information augmentsinformation available in in- task, or maintenanceprocedure. struction books and other handbooks, and complements b. Order 6032.1A, Modifications to Ground Facilities, Order 6000.15A, General Maintenance Handbook for Air- Systems,and Equipment in the National Airspace System, way Facilities. contains comprehensivepolicy and direction concerning the development, authorization, implementation, and recording 2. DISTRIBUTION. of modifications to facilities, systems,andequipment in com- This directive is distributed to selectedoffices and services missioned status. It supersedesall instructions published in within Washington headquarters,the FAA Technical Center, earlier editions of maintenance technical handbooksand re- the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, regional Airway lated directives . Facilities divisions, and Airway Facilities field offices having the following facilities/equipment: AFSS, ARTCC, ATCT, 6. FORMS LISTING. EARTS, FSS, MAPS, RAPCO, TRACO, IFST, RCAG, RCO, RTR, and SSO. -
Next-Generation Photonic Transport Network Using Digital Signal Processing
Next-Generation Photonic Transport Network Using Digital Signal Processing Yasuhiko Aoki Hisao Nakashima Shoichiro Oda Paparao Palacharla Coherent optical-fiber transmission technology using digital signal processing is being actively researched and developed for use in transmitting high-speed signals of the 100-Gb/s class over long distances. It is expected that network capacity can be further expanded by operating a flexible photonic network having high spectral efficiency achieved by applying an optimal modulation format and signal processing algorithm depending on the transmission distance and required bit rate between transmit and receive nodes. A system that uses such adaptive modulation technology should be able to assign in real time a transmission path between a transmitter and receiver. Furthermore, in the research and development stage, optical transmission characteristics for each modulation format and signal processing algorithm to be used by the system should be evaluated under emulated quasi-field conditions. We first discuss how the use of transmitters and receivers supporting multiple modulation formats can affect network capacity. We then introduce an evaluation platform consisting of a coherent receiver based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and polarization mode dispersion/polarization dependent loss (PMD/PDL) emulators with a recirculating-loop experimental system. Finally, we report the results of using this platform to evaluate the transmission characteristics of 112-Gb/s dual-polarization, quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) signals by emulating the factors that degrade signal transmission in a real environment. 1. Introduction amplifiers—which is becoming a limiting factor In the field of optical communications in system capacity—can be efficiently used. -
Chapter 7 Amplitude Modulation
page 7.1 CHAPTER 7 AMPLITUDE MODULATION Transmit information-b earing message or baseband signal voice-music through a Communications Channel Baseband = band of frequencies representing the original signal for music 20 Hz - 20,000 Hz, for voice 300 - 3,400 Hz write the baseband message signal mt $ M f Communications Channel Typical radio frequencies 10 KHz ! 300 GHz write ct= A cos2f ct c ct = Radio Frequency Carrier Wave A = Carrier Amplitude c fc = Carrier Frequency Amplitude Mo dulation AM ! Amplitude of carrier wavevaries a mean value in step with the baseband signal mt st= A [1 + k mt] cos 2f t c a c Mean value A . c 31 page 7.2 Recall a general signal st= at cos[2f t + t] c For AM at = A [1 + k mt] c a t = 0 or constant k = Amplitude Sensitivity a Note 1 jk mtj < 1or [1 + k mt] > 0 a a 2 f w = bandwidth of mt c 32 page 7.3 AM Signal In Time and Frequency Domain st = A [1 + k mt] cos 2f t c a c j 2f t j 2f t c c e + e st = A [1 + k mt] c a 2 A A c c j 2f t j 2f t c c e + e st = 2 2 A k c a j 2f t c + mte 2 A k c a j 2f t c + mte 2 To nd S f use: mt $ M f j 2f t c e $ f f c j 2f t c e $ f + f c expj 2f tmt $ M f f c c expj 2f tmt $ M f + f c c A c S f = [f f +f +f ] c c 2 A k c a + [M f fc+Mf +f ] c 2 33 page 7.4 st = A [1 + k mt] cos 2f t c a c A c = [1 + k mt][expj 2f t+ expj 2f t] a c c 2 If k mt > 1, then a ! Overmo dulation ! Envelop e Distortion see Text p. -
FAQ - Cable TV
FAQ - Cable TV Common questions about cable/satellite TV service on campus. All-digital television is provided to each residence hall room by the University. We receive a customized HD channel line up including entertainment, sports, news, local broadcast, and educational content. Service is broadcast throughout campus and provided free to campus residents as a convenience of occupancy. All that is necessary to receive the service is a cable-ready television set and a coaxial cable to connect the television to the cable outlet to in the wall. Campus departments may also take advantage of this service. The only cost to the department is the cost of running the coax cable to the desired location. Departments wanting service in new locations should submit an ITicket through the Help Desk. In order to take full advantage in residence halls, students should bring a digital TV with an integrated QAM tuner for use on campus. An integrated QAM tuner enables a digital TV to directly receive digital cable channels without a set top box. If you are unsure whether your TV has an integrated QAM tuner, please check the manufacturer’s or owner’s manual that came with your TV. Some less expensive TVs sometimes come with a lower quality QAM tuner that may be unable to pick up all the digital channels. Users with less expensive brands such as Dynex and Insignia reported these types of problems. If you still have an analog TV (tube TV) or digital television that does not includes an integrated QAM tuner you can continue to use it by purchasing a converter box.