DOCSLIB.ORG

Disc Brooches with Anthropomorphic Depiction Glass Intaglios in The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Disc Brooches with Anthropomorphic Depiction Glass Intaglios in The ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIAL DISC BROOCHES WITH ANTHROPOMORPHIC DEPICTION GLASS INTAGLIOS IN THE SARMATIAN Lavinia Grumeza ENVIRONMENT OF THE GREAT Caransebeş County Museum of Ethnography and 1 Border Regiment HUNGARIAN PLAIN [email protected] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14795/j.v1i4.82 ISSN 2360 – 266X ISSN–L 2360 – 266X Abstract: A special category of brooches present in the Sarmatian graves of the Carpathian Basin is represented by disc brooches made of silver or bronze plate with central anthropomorphic depiction glass intaglios. They were found in 11 burial assemblages, together with the fashion brought by new ethnic groups arriving towards the end of the 3rd c. AD in the Great Hungarian Plain. Disc brooches with central glass intaglios are rare in Antiquity. They appear exclusively only in the German and Sarmatian Barbaricum (from the South and Central Hungarian Plain). Their bearers were children and women, especially the rich Sarmatian women, during the second half/end of the 3rd c. – early-4th c. AD (stages C2-C3 in the Central European chronology). Keywords: Sarmatians, Germans, cemeteries, brooches, Scheibenfibeln, glass intaglio, Medusa Brooches belong to an extremely popular category of items of the Sarmatian dress, both female and male. They appear in the third of Sarmatian graves recorded in the Carpathian Basin2, being present all over the 2nd – 5th centuries AD3. They are two times more frequent in female graves than in the male ones, one, rarely two (only in 12% of cases) and exceptionally three4 being regularly worn. Sarmatian graves containing three brooches date predominantly to the Late Sarmatian period5. In this late period still, a great variety of brooches are found in Sarmatian graves – a mark of a local or regional fashion. Brooches have reached the Barbaricum especially via the neighboring Roman provinces. However, we do not exclude the possibility there existed travelling artisans making either Roman or Barbarian brooches, such a workshop being recorded in the Sarmatian Barbaricum at Tiszaföldvár, in the middle of the Hungarian Plain6. 1 This work was supported by grants of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-RU-TE-2012-3-0216 and a grant of the Ministry of National Education, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0210. 2 KULCSÁR 1998, 113. 3 Brooches are rare in early Sarmatian graves. Dress objects of Roman origin become interesting for the Sarmatians starting with the late-1st c. – early-2nd c. AD (Cf. VADAY 1989, 75). 4 KULCSÁR 1998, 113. 5 VADAY/DOMBORÓCZKI 2001, 77. 6 VADAY 2005, 151-198. Journal of Ancient History and Archeology No. 1.4/2014 76 Studies A special category of brooches, rather popular in At Madaras - Halmok there are two disc brooches the Middle and Late Sarmatian periods (late-2nd – early- with human depictions, in graves 42114 and 162 (Plate 1/7, 5th c. AD), is the disc brooch (Scheibenfibeln/ Kapselfibel/ 8)15. Both graves belonged to females. In grave no. 421, Dosenförmigefibel). They were made of silver or bronze plate, a girl aged 10-12, with a very rich funerary inventory was often decorated in the filigree and granulation technique. In buried. The bronze circular brooch in this grave had a black certain cases, there are glass, amber, bone or semiprecious glass intaglio16 in the centre. A bronze disc brooch with dark stone intaglios in the centre7. The diameter of these brooches blue glass intaglio, with a female depiction was also found at is between 2.5 and 6.2cm, while the thickness is between Tiszaföldvár, Brick factory, grave 24 (Plate 1/4, 2/3)17, and 0.5-1cm. They are provided with a hinged fastening system, another similar intaglio at Öcsöd, Kerekes zúg (Plate 1/5)18. a device made of a pin revolving around an axis, fixed in a The finds were dated by A. Vaday to the 3rd c. AD19. A glass closed space. These brooch types are of a wide typological human face with bronze mesh was also found at Aszód20 and variety. A distinct category among this typological series is Kecskemét - Szentkút21. In grave no. 9 at Csongrád - Határút the disc brooch of box type, seldom flat, with a central male only a small glass human face was recorded22, similar to or female anthropomorphic depiction glass intaglio. that of Endrőd - Kocsorhegy (Plate 1/6), possibly parts of Most numerous such brooches, of bronze and silver, brooches. The latter find comes from a cemetery dating to were recorded in the cemetery at Vršac - Dvorište Eparhie the end of the 2nd – 4th c. AD23. Banata, graves nos. 3, 9 and 10. In grave no. 3, the disc brooch Therefore, in the Western Sarmatian environment an is made of bronze, flat and small (D = 2.5cm), with a black important market for such brooch types was in existence. glass central intaglio depicting a human mask in the centre. The specimens in the south Banat were dated by S. Petković The eyes and nose are projecting and wide, the face is round between the end of the 3rd c. – early 4th c. AD, being deemed and the beard slightly outlined. S. Petković considers it as by the scholar as typical for the south of Banat (Petković type 8 24 a depiction of Sol’s bust (Plate 1/2, 2/2). A similar bronze 21 D1) and even manufactured there . brooch with thin plate (D = 3.3cm) was found also in grave The origin of these dress items is not known with no. 10 of the same cemetery. The intaglio is of blue glass and certainty. S. Barački, the first who published the human-mask renders the portrait of a male (the same god Sol, according to brooches from the south of Banat, believed that analogies Petković)9, who seems to be smiling (Plate 1/3, 2/1). should be sought among the earlier Sarmatian material or In grave no. 9 at Vršac - Dvorište Eparhie Banata a even in the Dacian environment. To this effect, the author silver, large (D = 4.1cm), box type (Dosenförmigefibel) disc mentions N. Fettich’s study from the 1953 dedicated to the brooch was identified. It is surrounded by four decorated phalerae-brooches (Phaleren-Fibeln), with human depictions registers, each separated by the rest by pearled circles (Plate and apotropaic function25. S. Barački does not exclude the 1/1, 2/4). In the centre of the piece under study, there is a idea that the brooches in the cemetery at Vršac - Dvorište glass gem (?) of dark colour, depicting a human portrait en Eparhie Banata, combining the central intaglio with the face, a male head, carefully depicted and rendered in detail, human depictions on a flat brooch, are in such shape, with even a laurel crown being visible on the head10. In originating in the Dacian environment26. Sofija Petković’s view, the portrait may be the depiction of Glass beads with human mask representations any of the emperors in the Constantinian dynasty, possibly (Maskenperlen/ Medaillonperlen) appear in the Roman Constantine the Great himself or even one of his sons11. provinces. In this case, the beads are always flat and the This brooch type is a special feature of the Sarmatian human face covers the entire bead body27. A. Vaday believes cemetery at Vršac - Dvorište Eparhie Banata. A similar brooch that glass human depiction brooches are Roman imports and comes from the cemetery at Foeni - Cimitirul Ortodox, grave includes them in her corpus of Roman finds in Barbaricum28. 14 (Plate 1/9, 2/5). In 2011, when publishing this cemetery, Human depiction brooches also appear in large we stated that the upper plate of the disc brooch (D = 3.5cm) numbers in the western Roman provinces and the North - had a spiraled decoration, placed in circular stripes, with a Pontic area, yet of other types29. Commonly, these are circular central floral motif12. After having been found, the brooch or oval brooches, rectangular or pelta shapes being rare30. was restored on several occasions that partially altered the 14 KŐHEGYI/VÖRÖS 2011, 265; T. 257/4. decoration and the central part of the item. Thus, it may not 15 It is likely that their numbers were higher within the cemetery; see KŐHEGYI/VÖRÖS 2011, 298, 394 T. 273/6. be excluded that in the centre, the brooch had no gem with 16 KŐHEGYI/VÖRÖS 2011, 265. floral decoration, but a dark glass anthropomorphic face/ 17 VADAY 2005, Taf. 10/1; 27/2. bust instead13. 18 VADAY 2005, Taf. 10/2. These brooch types, though rare among the 19 VADAY 2005, 82, 114. 20 PÁRDUCZ 1950, 53. archaeological finds of the Barbaricum, appear with the 21 PÁRDUCZ 1931, 127. Sarmatians in the Carpathian Basin in considerable numbers. 22 PÁRDUCZ 1944, Taf. XXXI/3. 23 JUHÁSZ 1978, 87, Taf. I/1. 7 VADAY 1989, 90. 24 PETKOVIĆ 2010, 169, 356, 364, cat. no. 946 – 948, Taf. XXX/ 8-10. 8 PETKOVIĆ 2010, 174. 25 FETTICH 1953, 137-138. 9 PETKOVIĆ 2010, 174-175. 26 BARAČKi 1961, 121, with references. 10 PETKOVIĆ 2010, 175. 27 VADAY 1989, 93-94. 11 PETKOVIĆ 2010, 175. 28 VADAY 2005, Taf. 10/1-2; 27/2. 12 GRUMEZA 2011, 187. 29 Thus, the production workshops could either be located in the western 13 In the excavation journal, F. Draşovean argues that the brooch had a provinces or in the Pontic area, see EXNER 1939, 64-65; VADAY 1989, 94; pottery/amber core. When discovered, it was poorly preserved (information PETKOVIĆ 2010, 170. F. Draşovean). 30 KŐHEGYI/VÖRÖS 2011, 349, with references. Journal of Ancient History and Archeology No. 1.4/2014 77 Studies They date starting with the 2nd to the 5th c.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Recent Aspects of the Development of the Hungarian Settlement Network Within the European Structure
    RECENT ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUNGARIAN SETTLEMENT NETWORK WITHIN THE EUROPEAN STRUCTURE After Settlement History and Theory Investigations hy Dr. Jeno I1Iajor R. NYITR.4..Y Department of Town Planning, Technical University of Budapest, H-1521 Received: November 10. 1989 Presented by: Prof. Dr. Tam~ls }!egyesi Ahstract Due to investigations by Dr. J cno Major on settlement history and theory, main trends of Hungarian urbanization and settlement network development offer an insight into the de­ velopment of European settlement network. His partly archival - research results underly­ ing settlement science methodology are without precedence. It is attempted to fit development aspects of the Hungarian settlement network to the new regional structures of the to-be Unit­ ed States of Europe. A survey is given of the rapid urbanization process in Hungary after the Mongol invasion, of periods of mediaeval urbanization surges, as well as of the settlement net­ work of industrializing-capitalizing Hungary. Inter-war settlement development, and urbanization surge after World War II point to he intensity of relations between town aud country. Dr. Jeno Major has published his study on thc bcginnings of thc dcyelop­ mcnt of Hungarian towns and settlement net,\'ork* with the intcntion to soon report on his latest findings. His available manuscripts probabilize this intention. But his unforesecn decease interrupted the puhlication of his recognitions from the examination of 11th-12th-century markets and "mar­ ketplaces" . His theoretical statements on these factors to he determinant permit to disclose regions of settlement groups functionally coherent with the market­ places, as well as their structural features.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Report on the Research of Early Holocene Period in the Nwpart of Great Hungarian Plain KERTÉSZ Róbert Damjanich János Múzeum, Szolnok
    Fol. Hist.-nat. Mus. Matr., 16: 29-44, 1991 Preliminary report on the research of Early Holocene period in the NWpart of Great Hungarian Plain KERTÉSZ Róbert Damjanich János Múzeum, Szolnok ABSTRACT? In this paper the author publishes a material collected from the surface during a field survey at Jászberény I, a recently discovered Mesolithic site in the Zagyva basin in the NW part of the Great Hungarian Plain. This microlithic industry belonging to the Late Mesolithic period may throw a new light upon the Early Holocene history of the above-mentioned region. On the basis of the assemblage of typical implements found at Jászberény I the theory of a hiatus between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic in Hungary can be rejected. This site makes us to suppose that even the Great Hungarian Plain participated with equal importance in those processes which took plane in the marginal areas of the Carpathian Basin at the end of the Boreal an at the beginning of the Atlantic period. PREFACE In spite of continuously made intensive topographic surveys in the country the Hungarian Mesolithic could be defined with great difficulties. The emergence of hypotheses often contradictory to each other, the pros and cons on the question of cultural continuity and general uncertainty itself in this matter are due first of all to the fact that this period is represented mostly by less charac­ teristic find assemblages originated usually from surface collection therefore lacking stratigraphie data. The dating of these finds is different also because at certain sites prehistoric pottery was found together with the chipped stone implements.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Hungary
    Regional Geology Reviews Geology of Hungary Alter und Altern: Wirklichkeiten und Deutungen Bearbeitet von Janós Haas 1. Auflage 2012. Buch. xxii, 246 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 642 21909 2 Format (B x L): 17,8 x 25,4 cm Weitere Fachgebiete > Geologie, Geographie, Klima, Umwelt > Geologie > Geologie: Allgemeines Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Contents Introduction ......................................... ix Ja´nos Haas History of Geologic Research ............................ xi Ja´nos Haas Geography and Outline of Geologic Framework .............. xvii Ja´nos Haas Structural Units and Main Stages of the Structural Evolution . xxi Ja´nos Haas 1 Geology and History of Evolution of the ALCAPA Mega-Unit 1 1.1 Austroalpine Units . ........................... 1 Tibor Szederke´nyi 1.1.1 Lower Austroalpine Nappe System ............. 1 1.1.2 Upper Austroalpine Nappe System . 6 1.1.3 Penninic Unit . 6 1.2 Central and Internal Western Carpathian Units . 9 Sa´ndor Kova´cs and Ja´nos Haas 1.2.1 Veporic Unit . ........................... 9 1.2.2 Zemple´nic Unit . 10 1.2.3 Internal Western Carpathian Nappe-Stack ........ 11 1.2.3.1 Bo´dvaNappe...................... 12 1.2.3.2 Torna Nappe ...................... 14 1.2.3.3 Telekesoldal Nappe ................. 15 1.2.3.4 Szo˝lo˝sardo´ Unit . ................. 16 1.2.3.5 Silica–Aggtelek Nappe .
    [Show full text]
  • A Millennium of Migrations: Proto-Historic Mobile Pastoralism in Hungary
    Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist. (2003) 44(1) 101-130 101 A MILLENNIUM OF MIGRATIONS: PROTO-HISTORIC MOBILE PASTORALISM IN HUNGARY Ldsz16 Bartosiewiczl During the A.D. 1st millennium, numerous waves of mobile pastoral communities of Eurasian origins reached the area of modern- day Hungary in the Carpathian Basin. This paper reviews animal exploitation as reconstructed from animal remains found at the settlements of Sarmatian, Avar/Slavic, and Early ("Conquering") Hungarian populations. According to the historical record, most of these communities turned to sedentism. Archaeological assemblages also manifest evidence of animal keeping, such as sheep and/or goat herding, as well as pig, cattle, and horse. Such functional similarities, however, should not be mistaken for de facto cultural continuity among the zooarchaeological data discussed here within the contexts of environment and cultural history. Following a critical assessment of assemblages available for study, analysis of species frequencies shed light on ancient li feways of pastoral communities intransition. Spatial limitations (both geographical and political), as well as a climate, more temperate than in the Eurasian Steppe Belt, altered animal-keeping practices and encouraged sedentism. Key words: Central European Migration, environmental determinism, nomadism, pastoral animal keeping Zoarchaeological data central to this paper originate from Data used in this study represent the lowest common settlements spanning much of the A.D. 1st millennium denominator of the three different
    [Show full text]
  • Buried Neogene Volcanic Structures in Hungary
    Acta Geologica Hungarica, Vol. 47/23, pp. 177219 (2004) Buried Neogene volcanic structures in Hungary Tibor Zelenka Endre Balázs Hungarian Geological Survey, Budapest MOL, Hungarian Oil Company, Budapest Kadosa Balogh János Kiss Institute of Nuclear Research, Eötvös Loránd Geophysical Institute, Budapest Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen Miklós Kozák László Nemesi University of Debrecen, Debrecen ELGOSCAR Ltd, Budapest Zoltán Pécskay Zoltán Püspöki Institute of Nuclear Research, University of Debrecen, Debrecen Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen Csaba Ravasz Vilma Széky-Fux Geological Institute of Hungary, Budapest University of Debrecen, Debrecen Antal Újfalussy MOL, Hungarian Oil Company, Budapest Surface Neogene volcanics in Hungary are abundantly documented in the literature, but buried volcanic structures are little known. Early burial of the volcanic centers beneath latest Miocene to Pliocene sediments preserved much of their original relief, permitting their classification into genetic types. More than two-thirds of Hungary is covered by thick Neogene and Quaternary sediments, below which buried volcanic eruptive centers and the extent of their products may only be recognized by complex geologic-geophysical methods. Our study is based on the data of several thousand wells, more than 60,000 km of seismic sections, as well as airborne and surface geophysical (gravimetric, magnetic, electromagnetic, radiometric) data. Results of chemical, mineralogical studies and K/Ar dating of deep cores were also included. The data were evaluated in terms of the regional deep structure of the Carpathian-Balkan region, the Miocene evolution of which was determined by the position, movement and welding of individual microplates. Integration of all available data reveals that the Miocene volcanic centers are concentrated near microplate boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Glacial River-Bed Changes on the Little Hungarian Plain, Based on Preliminary Chronological, Geological and Paleontological Data
    Open Geosci. 2015; 7:572–579 Research Article Open Access Szilvia Sávai*, Dávid Molnár, and Pál Sümegi Late glacial river-bed changes on the Little Hungarian Plain, based on preliminary chronological, geological and paleontological data DOI 10.1515/geo-2015-0038 1 Introduction Received February 24, 2014; accepted November 17, 2014 Abstract: Comprehensive chronological, geological and paleontological investigations were conducted as part of The authors carried out comprehensive paleoenvironmen- archaeological excavations in 2011 and 2012, prior to the tal research on the Csorna Plain as part of archaeologi- construction of the M85 motorway between Győr and cal excavations that took place along the M85 motorway Csorna, Hungary. These studies clearly show that the allu- between Győr and Csorna in northwestern Hungary (Fig- vial fan that underlies much of the Little Hungarian Plain ure 1) in 2011 and 2012 [1, 2]. Prior to the excavation, histor- was built up by streams owing in a southeasterly to north- ical maps and landscapes of the study area were analysed westerly direction from the nearby Bakony Hills, and con- to provide a basis for comprehensive eld-based geomor- tinued to form until the end of the last glacial period. The phologic examinations. These studies extended through- northern part of the fan, now named the Csorna Plain, out the river valley and over both banks of the recent Rába became inactive (i.e. became a fossil river-bed system) at River, leading to the development of a new paleohydro- about 25–15 ka, when the Rába and Marcal rivers changed logical model detailing the development of the area’s u- their ow direction from south–north to west–east.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrogeological Data from Se Transdanubia As a Part of Marginal Area of the Great Hungarian Plain and Drava Basin
    HYDROGEOLOGICAL DATA FROM SE TRANSDANUBIA AS A PART OF MARGINAL AREA OF THE GREAT HUNGARIAN PLAIN AND DRAVA BASIN DE. M. KASSAI*-Â. LOBBBBEB**—L. R6NAKI***-DB. T. SZEDERKÉNYI* * Hungarian Geological Institute, Regional Geological Service, Pecs, Hungary. ** Research Institute for Water Resources Development, Budapest, Hungary. *** Mecsek Ore Mining Company, Pecs, Hungary. Geological review of SE Transdanubia The area of SB Transdanubia is geologically divided into four parts according to the structure of the pre-Tertiary basement and thickness of covering Neogene deposits. On the pre-Tertiary basement contour map (Fig. 1) —which can be regarded as a Neogene isopach map—the following distinct parts are recorded : a) The Neogene Depression of Drava Basin. Thickness of the Neogene sequence increases from 1000 m up to 3500 m showed a fairly uniform SW trend. The basement of this area is generally composed of Precambrian meta- morphic rocks. This depression—as a great basin—is the subject of our detailed investigation. b) The area of Mecsek — Villâny Anticline. Thickness of the Neogene de­ posits on the highland areas goes from 0 m to 500 m but on the southeastern and northwestern flanks of the anticline they enlarge from 500 to 1000 m thickness. This situation of the anticline is motivated by the trench of the "Mecsekalja Tectonic Belt" filled up by more than 500 m thick Neogene deposits. The core of the anticline consists of Precambrian metamorphic rocks, granites and Late Paleozoic sedimentary formations. The bottom part of the flanks consists of Mesozoic cavernous carbonate rocks (see Fig. 2). c) Neogene trench-like area between Liget- and Ellend Basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Extreme Weather Events and Their Public Health Relevance
    CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2019; 25 (1-2); · 75 EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS AND THEIR PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE ZSÓFIA TISCHNER1, BÁLINT IZSÁK2, ANNA PÁLDY2 1Szent István University Doctoral School, Budapest, Hungary 2National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary ABSTRACT Nowadays more and more extreme weather events occur due to climate change. Hungary is extermely vulnerable to floods, inland water inundations and droughts; they can occur almost every year in any parts of the country due to the geographical position, geological and hydro- logical characteristics. Other events like wildfires are not so serious in Hungary as in the medi- terranean countries. As these extreme events can happen more and more frequently, there is a need to prepare for the reduction of health impacts of these events. The Hyogo Framework for Action, the WHO and the Public Health England have formulated recommendations for risk reduction and measures of prevention of health impacts of extreme weather events. In this paper the authors give a description of the different types of extreme weather events, of their health impacts in Europe and in Hungary and the possible preventive measures based on international recommendations. KEY WORDS: climate change, extreme weather events, mortality, vulnerability, adaptation Corresponding author: Zsófia Tischner Szent István University Doctoral School Budapest, Hungary E-mail: [email protected] Received: 5th May 2019 Accepted: 19th June 2019 INTRODUCTION Climate change is presumably the most serious environmental health problem of the 21st century (Watts et al., 2018). The impacts of climate extremes and the potential for disasters result from the climate extremes themselves and from the exposure and vulnerability of human and natural systems, as it was pointed out in the IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (Field et al., 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Geology Reviews
    Regional Geology Reviews Series Editors Roland Oberh€ansli Maarten de Wit Francois M. Roure For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8643 . Ja´nos Haas Editor Ja´nos Haas • Ge´za Ha´mor{ •A´ ron Ja´mbor • Sa´ndor Kova´cs{ • Andra´s Nagymarosy • Tibor Szederke´nyi Geology of Hungary Editor Ja´nos Haas Eotv€ os€ Lora´nd University Geological, Geophysical and Space Science Research Group Budapest Hungary ISBN 978-3-642-21909-2 ISBN 978-3-642-21910-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-21910-8 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012936971 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center.
    [Show full text]
  • Pannonian Basin Province, Central Europe (Province 4808)—Petroleum Geology, Total Petroleum Systems, and Petroleum Resource Assessment
    Pannonian Basin Province, Central Europe (Province 4808)—Petroleum Geology, Total Petroleum Systems, and Petroleum Resource Assessment Bulletin 2204–B U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Pannonian Basin Province, Central Europe (Province 4808)—Petroleum Geology, Total Petroleum Systems, and Petroleum Resource Assessment By Gordon L. Dolton Bulletin 2204–B U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior P. Lynn Scarlett, Acting Secretary U.S. Geological Survey P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS--the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Dolton, G.L., 2006, Pannonian Basin Province, Central Europe (Province 4808)—Petroleum geology, total petroleum systems, and petroleum resource assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2204–B, 47 p. iii Foreword This report was prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey World Petroleum Assessment 2000 (U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000). The primary objective of World Petroleum Assessment 2000 is to assess the quantities of conventional oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids outside the United States that have the potential to be added to reserves in the next 30 years.
    [Show full text]
  • New Perspectives in the Regional Development of a Small Hungarian Roma Village with the Conceptual Participation of the Hungarian Organisation of the Order of Malta
    Journal of Business and Social Science Review Issue: Vol. 2; No.2; February 2021 pp.15-22 ISSN 2690-0866(Print) 2690-0874 (Online) Website: www.jbssrnet.com E-mail: [email protected] Doi: 10.48150/jbssr.v2no2.2021.a3 New perspectives in the regional development of a small Hungarian Roma village With the conceptual participation of the Hungarian organisation of the Order of Malta Agnes Elam-Saaghy Senior Lecturer Metropolitan University Budapest Hungary E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This study presents one of the social inclusion programs of the Roma minorities in Hungary Through the "Presence" program of the Hungarian Maltese Charity Service, the first step is to keep in mind social catching up. Government programs for rural development and the evolution of the support schemes once again raise the issue of efficient development in certain regions. Tiszabura and its surrounding region are also affected by this issue. The developments that have unfolded in the Eastern, and even more so, the North-Eastern part of Hungary and those currently underway had an adverse effect in the past and still exert a certain negative impact today in terms of convergence with more developed regions. There have been many initiatives to reduce historic distances. The socialist era, characterised by a policy of regional levelling and equalisation, brought about some improvement for the region. However, after 1989, the rearrangement of development directions and funds available for this purpose resulted in a new and different situation. This process was accompanied by tangible efforts aimed at supporting change. The study covering the region entitled ―New environmental, economic, urban and social processes in the Great Hungarian Plain‖ was also part of the large-scale National Strategic Research Program conducted between 1997 and 1999 and organised by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA).
    [Show full text]
  • Sourcing Obsidian from Late Neolithic Sites on the Great Hungarian Plain: Preliminary P-XRF Compositional Results and the Socio-Cultural Implications
    Volume X ● Issue 2/2019 ● Pages 113–120 INTERDISCIPLINARIA ARCHAEOLOGICA NATURAL SCIENCES IN ARCHAEOLOGY homepage: http://www.iansa.eu X/2/2019 Sourcing Obsidian from Late Neolithic Sites on the Great Hungarian Plain: Preliminary p-XRF Compositional Results and the Socio-Cultural Implications Danielle J. Riebea* aThe Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Significant archaeological research has been conducted on chipped stone tools recovered from Received: 23rd March 2019 prehistoric sites throughout Eastern Europe and the Balkans. The limited number of obsidian Accepted: 18th November 2019 geological sources in the region, combined with the relatively homogeneous nature of obsidian and the increased use of new techniques for conducting compositional analysis in the field, has facilitated an DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.24916/iansa.2019.2.1 accurate sourcing of obsidian artefacts from sites in the region. This article presents the compositional results of 203 obsidian artefacts recovered from seven Late Neolithic (5,000–4,500 BCE) sites from the Key words: Great Hungarian Plain. Compositional results of the archaeological specimens obtained with a Bruker P-XRF Analysis portable X-ray fluorescence device (p-XRF) were compared with obsidian geological compositional obsidian sourcing data to determine artefact provenance. By sourcing the obsidian chipped stone tools, it is possible prehistoric European archaeology to reconstruct prehistoric patterns of exploitation/exchange and to note how these patterns vary patterns of exploitation throughout the Plain. The results illustrate that the majority of the studied artefacts originated from socio-cultural boundaries the Carpathian 1 source and only a limited number of samples came from the Carpathian 2E and Carpathian 2T sources.
    [Show full text]