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Survey of Atomic and Molecular Physics Spring, 2020 Unique: #55196 Meets: MWF 10-11, RLM 5.120 Prerequisite: Phys

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Survey of Atomic and Molecular Physics Spring, 2020 Unique: #55196 Meets: MWF 10-11, RLM 5.120 Prerequisite: Phys Physics 395: Survey of Atomic and Molecular Physics Spring, 2020 Unique: #55196 Meets: MWF 10-11, RLM 5.120 Prerequisite: Phys. 389 K Instructor: Daniel Heinzen Office: RLM 10.324 Phone: 471-3960 E-mail: [email protected] Office hours: by appointment (just e-mail) TA: There will not be a TA for this course. Course description: This is a course in atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics at a level appropriate for advanced graduate students. All students are expected to come into this class with a strong understanding of quantum mechanics at the level of a typical first- year graduate quantum class. Even with that preparation, it is not possible to cover all important topics in AMO physics without making the course rather superficial. For this reason, I’ve opted not to do such a very broad course. Instead, I will leave out entirely several important topics, such as atomic collisions, molecular physics, and quantum degenerate gases. I will emphasize atom-field interactions, quantum optics, and quantum information (QI). The main reason for this choice is that these topics are the most relevant to quantum information science, which is one of the most active areas of current physics research. A course outline with a detailed list of topics to be covered is given below. Even with this restriction, we’ll still be covering quite a bit of ground. In order to make the course manageable, I will likely omit detailed derivations and/or give only high-level overviews for some topics. For those topics, I will post more detailed derivations on Canvas, or refer you to other materials where you can see the details spelled out. For this course, I’ll only expect you to study these additional materials to the level needed to work the problems. However, I strongly encourage anyone planning to pursue a research career in AMO/QI science to fully study the additional materials. I plan to stay close to the course schedule given below, and may need to omit some of the listed topics in order to do this. Textbook: There will be no required textbook for this course. Instead, we will use my own course notes and copies of other book sections, notes, and articles. My course notes and any reasonably short book sections will be posted on Canvas. Course Requirements: - Class participation. In some cases I will ask you to read certain material which we'll discuss afterwards in class. Also, lectures may include some non-textbook material that is not covered in the posted notes. For these reasons it's important to attend and participate in class. - Homework. I will assign about ten sets of homework problems. I will drop your lowest homework score in calculation of the final course grade. - Taken home mid-term. Assigned about half way through the semester. - Taken home final. Assigned during the last week of class, and due during Finals period. Academic Honesty: Do not examine or copy solutions to problems from previous semesters or other sources. You are allowed to work together to solve homework problems, but each student should work through each problem and turn in his or her own solution. For the take-home midterm and final, you may not consult with any other person or source. Disabilities: Students with disabilities may request appropriate academic accommodations from the Division of Diversity and Community Engagement, Services for Students with Disabilities. See http://www.utexas.edu/diversity/ddce/ssd/ Submission of late work: Students may turn in late work if this is needed due to observance of a religious holy day, illness, family emergency, or conference attendance. Students who want to exercise this right must make specific arrangements with me at least 14 days in advance of the due date, or as soon as practically possible for unanticipated illness or family emergency. Otherwise, work will be accepted one lecture late with a penalty of 10%, and not accepted after that. Grades: Grades will be assigned based on your semester average score with the following weights: Homework 40%, Midterm 20%, Final 40%. University Honor Code: The core values of the University of Texas at Austin are learning, discovery, freedom, leadership, individual opportunity, and responsibility. Each member of the University is expected to uphold these values through integrity, honesty, trust, fairness, and respect toward peers and community. Useful books and online resources for AMO/QI science There is no required textbook for this course. I will post my own notes on Canvas, and I may post other course materials consisting of short sections of other books or links to other online materials. There are a great many books the cover AMO and QI science. The ones below are the ones I’ve found the most useful for the topics we’re going to cover. One of more of these might be useful to you as supplementary material for the course. 1. http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/index.cfm Website containing a wealth of data, including tables of atomic energy levels and radiative transition rates, and updated, accurate values of the fundamental constants. 2. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/8-421-atomic-and-optical-physics-i-spring-2014/ https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/physics/8-422-atomic-and-optical-physics-ii-spring-2013/ MIT open courseware websites for a two semester graduate AMO course. Contains video lectures and course assignments. 3. Quantum Theory of Atomic Structure, Vols. I, II. J. C. Slater (McGraw-Hill, York, PA, 1960). The classic reference on the theory of the structure of multi-electron atoms. 4. Quantum Mechanics of One and Two Electron Atoms, H. A. Bethe and E. E. Salpeter, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1957). Everything you ever wanted to know about hydrogen and helium, and then some. 5. Physics of Atoms and Molecules, 2nd ed., B. H. Bransden and C. H. Joachain, (Prentice- Hall, New York, 2003). Good textbook on AMO physics. Broad coverage, intermediate level 6. Atoms, Molecules, and Photons: An Introduction to Atomic, Molecular, and Quantum Physics, W. Demtroder (Springer, 2010). A nice textbook that gives very broad coverage of the field. Elementary level. 7. Atomic Physics, C. J. Foot (Oxford U. Press, Oxford, 2005). Good textbook on atomic physics. Includes laser-cooling and atom trapping, Bose condensation, and quantum computing. Elementary level. 8. Theoretical Atomic Physics, 4th ed., H. Friedrich (Springer, Berlin, 2017). Probably the best modern book on theoretical atomic physics. Advanced level. 9. Atomic and laser spectroscopy, A. Corney (Oxford U. Press, Oxford, 1977). Some topics in this book are rather dated, but the book is still useful for its nice discussions of selection rules and weak/forbidden transitions, optical pumping, and hyperfine structure. Intermediate level. 10. Laser Spectroscopy: Basic Processes and Applications, 4th Ed , 2 vols. W. Demtroder (Springer, Berlin, 2008). The definitive textbook on laser spectroscopy. Intermediate level. 11. Atomic Physics: an Exploration through Problems and Solutions, 2nd ed. D. Budker, D. F. Kimball, and D. P. DeMille (Oxford U. Press, Oxford, 2008). Not a textbook, but a really nice collection of several dozen solved problems. 12. Optical Resonance and Two-Level Atoms, L. Allen and J. H. Eberly (Dover, New York, 1987). Very good coverage of coherent optical effects such as Rabi oscillations, photon echoes, superradiance, etc. Elementary level. 13. The Quantum Theory of Light, 3rd ed., R. Loudon, (Oxford U. Press, Oxford, 2000). Excellent treatment of statistical properties of light, basic atom-field interactions, light scattering by atoms. Intermediate level. 14. Introduction to Quantum Optics: From the Semiclassical Approach to Quantized Light, G. Grynberg, A. Aspect, and C. Fabré (Cambridge U. Press, Cambridge, 2010.) There are a number of good quantum optics textbooks out there. This is one of the best. Clear and detailed exposition. Broad, up-to-date coverage of topics. 15. Scott Aaronson, Online course notes for CS378, Introduction to Quantum Information Science, University of Texas. Undergraduate level. https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=3943 16. John Preskill, Online course notes for Ph218, Quantum Computation, Caltech. Graduate level. http://www.theory.caltech.edu/~preskill/ph219/ph219_2019-20 17. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, 10th anniversary edition (Cambridge, 2010). A comprehensive, high-level book on QI. 18. Classical and Quantum Computation, A. Yu. Kitaev, A. H. Shen, and M. N. Vyalyi, translated from the Russian by L. J. Senechal (American Mathematical Society, 2002). Very good book, intermediate level. 19. Quantum Computer Science: An Introduction, N. David Mermin (Cambridge, 2007). Good introductory book on quantum computation. Course Outline This course content and schedule may be adjusted during the semester. Date(s) Activity Topic Jan. 22-31 Brief summary of atomic structure: atomic hypothesis, fundamental constants, hydrogen atom, helium atom, multi-electron atoms, LS-coupling. Fine and hyperfine structure. Rydberg atoms. Feb. 3 HW 1 due Feb. 3-7 EM transitions in atoms, selection rules, metastable states. Lorentz theory of atom-field interaction. Light absorption, refraction, and scattering. Doppler broadening. Feb. 10-14 Semiclassical theory of atom-field interaction. Density matrices. Pure and mixed atomic states. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous line broadening. Feb. 12 HW 2 due Feb. 17-21 Stimulated absorption and emission. Spontaneous emission. Saturation. Laser spectroscopy. Optical pumping. Feb. 21 HW 3 due Feb. 24-28 Bloch vector. Rabi oscillation. Molecular beam resonance, Ramsey method, Atomic clocks. Nuclear and electronic magnetic resonance, optical resonance. Mar. 2 HW 4 due Mar. 2-6 QED theory of atom-field interaction. Photodetection. Wigner-Weisskopf theory. Coherent and squeezed states of single mode fields. Beamsplitter, Mach-Zender interferometer. Mar. 9-13 Kramers-Heisenberg formula. Raman and Rayleigh scattering. Quantum jumps. Cavity QED Mar. 11 HW 5 due Mar.
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