Hepatite C E Medicamentos Inovadores

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Hepatite C E Medicamentos Inovadores Entre os Peritos e o Cidadão Comum – que lugar para os Comunicadores? Hepatite C e Medicamentos Inovadores CARLOS PEREIRA DISSERTAÇÃO SUBMETIDA COMO REQUISITO PARCIAL PARA OBTENÇÃO DO GRAU DE MESTRE EM GESTÃO ESTRATÉGICA DAS RELAÇÕES PÚBLICAS Orientadores: Prof. Doutor Rui Tato Marinho, Professor Associado com Agregação Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa (FML) Prof.ª Doutora Mafalda Eiró-Gomes, Professora Coordenadora Escola Superior de Comunicação Social – Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (ESCS-IPL) Setembro de 2017 ii Declaração Declaro ser o autor deste trabalho de investigação, parte integrante das condições exigidas para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão Estratégica das Relações Públicas, que constitui um trabalho original e inédito, que nunca foi submetido (no seu todo ou em qualquer das suas partes) a outra instituição de ensino superior para obtenção de um grau académico ou qualquer outra habilitação. Atesto ainda que todas as citações estão devidamente identificadas. Mais acrescento que tenho consciência de que o plágio poderá levar à anulação do trabalho agora apresentado. iii iv Agradecimentos Aos meus dois orientadores, o Prof. Doutor Rui Tato Marinho e a Profª. Doutora Mafalda Eiró-Gomes, e também ao Prof. Doutor César Neto pelos seus contributos e orientações muito importantes para a concretização do presente trabalho de investigação. A minha mulher, aos meus filhos e toda a minha família. Aos meus amigos, colegas de mestrado e de trabalho. Ao Dr. Hugo Grilo do Infarmed, I.P. e à Dra. Rita Amieiro da Gilead Sciences, Inc. v vi Resumo/ Abstract A comunicação da informação sobre a doença da Hepatite C em Portugal, é fundamental aos cidadãos, no sentido de os sensibilizar para a aceitação do novo paradigma da Comunicação para a Saúde, que assenta em três domínios da Literacia em Saúde: os cuidados de saúde; a prevenção da doença e a promoção da saúde. O presente trabalho de investigação, pretende expor uma contribuição teórica e prática, bem como analisar qualitativamente a comunicação sobre a doença da Hepatite C em Portugal, e como a mesma se relaciona com as diferentes partes interessadas. Neste âmbito, é analisada a comunicação que foi divulgada ao cidadão comum, considerando- se como objetivos: analisar que elementos foram evidenciados pelos peritos, e também compreender que elementos foram trabalhados pela comunicação social no período em análise, os anos de 2014 e 2015. The information communication concerning Hepatitis C disease is fundamental for the citizens, to sensitize them of the new paradigm of Health Communication, which is based in the three domains of the Health Literacy: health care, disease prevention and health promotion. This research intends to expose a theoretical and practical contribution, as well as a qualitative analysis of the Hepatitis C communication in Portugal, and how it relates with all stakeholders. In this context, the communication disclosed to the ordinary citizen is analyzed, considering as objectives the following: analyze which elements were evidenced by the experts as well as understand which elements were shaped by the media during the period under analyze, 2014 and 2015. vii viii Palavras Chave/ Key Words Comunicação; Cuidados de Saúde; Hepatite C; Medicamentos Inovadores; Prevenção da Doença; Promoção da Saúde; Tratamento da Hepatite C. Communication; Health Care; Hepatitis C; Innovator Medicaments; Disease Prevention; Health Promotion; Hepatitis C Treatment. ix x Índice de Figuras, Gráficos, Quadros e Tabelas Figuras Figura 1 - Conceptual model health literacy of the European Health Literacy Survey............... 14 Figura 2 - Framework showing dual nature of communication in health literacy ...................... 21 Figura 3 - História natural da infeção pelo VHC ........................................................................ 41 Gráficos Gráfico 1 - Índices de Literacia em Saúde em Portugal e na Europa (EU-8) (valores médios em %) ................................................................................................................................................ 18 Gráfico 2 - Níveis de Literacia em Saúde (índice geral), Portugal e países participantes no HLS- EU (%) ........................................................................................................................................ 19 Gráfico 3 - Percentagem (%) de óbitos por tumores malignos/ número total de óbitos em Portugal ....................................................................................................................................... 42 Gráfico 4 - Número de óbitos de alguns tumores malignos em Portugal no ano de 2013 .......... 42 Gráfico 5 - Sustained Virologic Response at 12 weeks after the end of treatment ..................... 47 Gráfico 6 - Sustained Virologic Response in the Entire Active-Regimen Group and According to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Genotype ........................................................................................ 48 Gráfico 7 - Número de comunicados de imprensa divulgados nos anos de 2014 e 2015 ........... 64 Gráfico 8 - Número de artigos de imprensa divulgados nos anos de 2014 e 2015 ..................... 66 Quadros Quadro 1 - 1º Pré teste ao quadro de codificação ........................................................................ 72 Quadro 2 - 1º e 2º Pré testes ao quadro de codificação ............................................................... 76 Quadro 3 - Quadro de codificação final ...................................................................................... 78 Tabelas Tabela 1 - The European Literacy Health Survey: The 12 Subdimensions as defined by the Conceptual Model ....................................................................................................................... 13 Tabela 2 - Dimensão e Distribuição da Amostra (Direção Geral de Saúde) ............................... 18 Tabela 3 - Lista dos medicamentos disponíveis no SNS para tratamento da Hepatite C ............ 50 Tabela 4 - Service coverage targets that would eliminate HBV and HCV as public health threats, 2015–2030 ................................................................................................................................... 52 Tabela 5 - Artigos e Comunicados de Imprensa do 1º Pré-teste ao quadro de codificação ........ 72 xi xii Lista de Abreviaturas e Siglas ACSS – Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde APEF – Associação Portuguesa para o Estudo do Fígado AAD – Antivíricos Orais de Ação Direta AUE – Autorização de Utilização Especial CDC – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CHC – Carcinoma Hepatocelular CHLN – Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte CESOP – Centro de Estudos e Sondagens de Opinião-Universidade Católica Portuguesa CIES-IUL – Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa CSR EUROPE – The European Business Network for Corporate Social Responsibility DAAs – Direct-Acting Antivirals DGS – Direção Geral de Saúde DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid DOI – Diffusion of Innovation Theory EASL – European Association for the Study of the Liver EIU – The Economist/ Intelligence Unit ENSP – Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública – Universidade Nova de Lisboa FCG – Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian FOMENT – Focus, Organization, Management, Environment, Network, Technology GAT – Grupo de Ativistas em Tratamentos GHSS – Global Health Sector Strategy HBM – Health Belief Model HAV – Hepatitis A Virus HBV – Hepatitis B Virus HCV – Hepatitis C Virus HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus HLS-EU – European Health Literacy Survey HLS-PT – Health Literacy Survey-Portugal ICS-UCP – Instituto de Ciências da Saúde – Universidade Católica Portuguesa xiii ISCTE-IUL – Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa ILS-PT – Inquérito de Literacia em Saúde-Portugal INFARMED – Autoridade Nacional do Medicamento e Produtos de Saúde, IP MCDT – Meios Complementares de Diagnóstico e Terapêutica MSM – Men Sex Men NANBH – Non-A, non-B Viral Hepatitis OCDE – Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Económico OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OMS – Organização Mundial da Saúde ONG – Organização Não Governamental PIB – Produto Interno Bruto PWID – People Who Inject Drugs RNA – Ribonucleic Acid RVS – Resposta Virológica Sustentada SCT – Social Cognitive Theory SIDA – Síndroma da Imunodeficiência Adquirida SNS – Serviço Nacional de Saúde SPG – Sociedade Portuguesa de Gastrenterologia SVR – Sustained Viral Response UCP-ICS – Universidade Católica Portuguesa – Instituto de Ciências da Saúde UCSP – Unidades de Cuidados de Saúde Personalizados USF – Unidades de Saúde Familiar VHB – Vírus da Hepatite B VHC – Vírus da Hepatite C VHD – Vírus da Hepatite D VIH – Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana TIC – Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação WHO – World Health Organization xiv ÍNDICE Declaração .......................................................................................................................................... iii Agradecimentos .................................................................................................................................... v Resumo/ Abstract .............................................................................................................................. vii Palavras Chave/ Key Words ................................................................................................................ ix Índice de Figuras, Gráficos, Quadros e Tabelas .................................................................................
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