EXOPLANETS the Search for Planets Beyond Our Solar System
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Evans.2013.HD189733.Albedo.Pdf
ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE The Deep Blue Color of HD 189733b: Albedo Measurements with Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph at Visible Wavelengths AUTHORS Evans, T.M.; Pont, F.; Sing, David K.; et al. JOURNAL Astrophysical Journal DEPOSITED IN ORE 15 December 2014 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16042 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 772:L16 (5pp), 2013 August 1 doi:10.1088/2041-8205/772/2/L16 C 2013. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. THE DEEP BLUE COLOR OF HD 189733b: ALBEDO MEASUREMENTS WITH HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE/SPACE TELESCOPE IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH AT VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS Thomas M. Evans1,Fred´ eric´ Pont2,DavidK.Sing2, Suzanne Aigrain1, Joanna K. Barstow1, Jean-Michel Desert´ 3,7, Neale Gibson4, Kevin Heng5, Heather A. Knutson3, and Alain Lecavelier des Etangs6 1 Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK; [email protected] 2 School of Physics, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL Exeter, UK 3 Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 4 European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany 5 University of Bern, Center for Space and Habitability, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland 6 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris, France Received 2013 May 31; accepted 2013 June 15; published 2013 July 11 ABSTRACT We present a secondary eclipse observation for the hot Jupiter HD 189733b across the wavelength range 290–570 nm made using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. -
Lurking in the Shadows: Wide-Separation Gas Giants As Tracers of Planet Formation
Lurking in the Shadows: Wide-Separation Gas Giants as Tracers of Planet Formation Thesis by Marta Levesque Bryan In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California 2018 Defended May 1, 2018 ii © 2018 Marta Levesque Bryan ORCID: [0000-0002-6076-5967] All rights reserved iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank Heather Knutson, who I had the great privilege of working with as my thesis advisor. Her encouragement, guidance, and perspective helped me navigate many a challenging problem, and my conversations with her were a consistent source of positivity and learning throughout my time at Caltech. I leave graduate school a better scientist and person for having her as a role model. Heather fostered a wonderfully positive and supportive environment for her students, giving us the space to explore and grow - I could not have asked for a better advisor or research experience. I would also like to thank Konstantin Batygin for enthusiastic and illuminating discussions that always left me more excited to explore the result at hand. Thank you as well to Dimitri Mawet for providing both expertise and contagious optimism for some of my latest direct imaging endeavors. Thank you to the rest of my thesis committee, namely Geoff Blake, Evan Kirby, and Chuck Steidel for their support, helpful conversations, and insightful questions. I am grateful to have had the opportunity to collaborate with Brendan Bowler. His talk at Caltech my second year of graduate school introduced me to an unexpected population of massive wide-separation planetary-mass companions, and lead to a long-running collaboration from which several of my thesis projects were born. -
Where Are the Distant Worlds? Star Maps
W here Are the Distant Worlds? Star Maps Abo ut the Activity Whe re are the distant worlds in the night sky? Use a star map to find constellations and to identify stars with extrasolar planets. (Northern Hemisphere only, naked eye) Topics Covered • How to find Constellations • Where we have found planets around other stars Participants Adults, teens, families with children 8 years and up If a school/youth group, 10 years and older 1 to 4 participants per map Materials Needed Location and Timing • Current month's Star Map for the Use this activity at a star party on a public (included) dark, clear night. Timing depends only • At least one set Planetary on how long you want to observe. Postcards with Key (included) • A small (red) flashlight • (Optional) Print list of Visible Stars with Planets (included) Included in This Packet Page Detailed Activity Description 2 Helpful Hints 4 Background Information 5 Planetary Postcards 7 Key Planetary Postcards 9 Star Maps 20 Visible Stars With Planets 33 © 2008 Astronomical Society of the Pacific www.astrosociety.org Copies for educational purposes are permitted. Additional astronomy activities can be found here: http://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov Detailed Activity Description Leader’s Role Participants’ Roles (Anticipated) Introduction: To Ask: Who has heard that scientists have found planets around stars other than our own Sun? How many of these stars might you think have been found? Anyone ever see a star that has planets around it? (our own Sun, some may know of other stars) We can’t see the planets around other stars, but we can see the star. -
Javier Peralta Calvillo Generated From: Editor CVN De FECYT Date of Document: 24/01/2021 V 1.4.3 4154B7e2be6a86b67f637261e4ad3d11
Javier Peralta Calvillo Generated from: Editor CVN de FECYT Date of document: 24/01/2021 v 1.4.3 4154b7e2be6a86b67f637261e4ad3d11 This electronic file (PDF) has embedded CVN technology (CVN-XML). The CVN technology of this file allows you to export and import curricular data from and to any compatible data base. List of adapted databases available at: http://cvn.fecyt.es/ 4154b7e2be6a86b67f637261e4ad3d11 General quality indicators of scientific research This section describes briefly the main quality indicators of scientific production (periods of research activity, experience in supervising doctoral theses, total citations, articles in journals of the first quartile, H index...). It also includes other important aspects or peculiarities. My name is Javier Peralta and I was born in Algeciras (1979, Spain). I graduated in Physics at the University of La Laguna (Spain) in 2003, specializing in the fields of Astrophysics and Applied Physics. In 2009, I got an European PhD degree in Physics at the University of the Basque Country (Spain) with the highest qualification ("Cum Laude") . My PhD research, supervised by Professors Agustín Sánchez-Lavega and Ricardo Hueso, focused on the atmospheric dynamics of the planet Venus using data from the space missions Galileo and Venus Express. As a result, 6 articles were published in international peer review journals (4 of them as first author) along with more than 80 citations which allowed to be awarded in 2012 with the “Extraordinary Prize of Doctorate” granted by the University of the Basque Country. After my PhD, I spent the last 10 years (2009-2019) working in different research institutions as postdoctoral researcher: 2 years at IAA/CSIC in Granada (Spain), 3 years at the Astronomical Observatory of Lisbon (CAAUL/OAL, Portugal) and 5 years at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of Japan (ISAS/JAXA), funded by JAXA's International Top Young Fellowship (ITYF). -
Naming the Extrasolar Planets
Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named. -
The Search for Extrasolar Planets
zucker 16-12-2005 11:22 Pagina 229 229 The Search for Extrasolar Planets S. Zucker and M. Mayor Observatoire de Genève, Sauverny, Switzerland During the recent decade, the question of the existence of planets orbiting stars other than our Sun has been answered unequivocally. About 150 extrasolar plan- ets have been detected since 1995, and their properties are the subject of wide interest in the research community. Planet formation and evolution theories are adjusting to the constantly emerging data, and astronomers are seeking new ways to widen the sample and enrich the data about the known planets. In September 2002, ISSI organized a workshop focusing on the physics of “Planetary Systems and Planets in Systems”1. The present contribution is an attempt to give a broader overview of the researches in the field of exoplanets and results obtained in the decade after the discovery of the planet 51 Peg b. The existence of planets orbiting other stars was speculated upon even in the 4th century BC, when Epicurus and Aristotle debated it using their early notions about our world. Epicurus claimed that the infinity of the Universe compelled the existence of other worlds. After the Copernican Revolution, Giordano Bruno wrote: “Innumerable suns exist; innumerable earths revolve around these suns in a manner similar to the way the seven planets revolve around our Sun”. Aitken2 examined the observational problem of detecting extrasolar planets. He showed that their detection, either directly or indirectly, lay beyond the techni- cal horizon of his era. The basic difficulty in directly detecting planets lies in the brightness ratio between a typical planet and its host star, a ratio that can be as low as 10-8. -
Space Missions for Exoplanet
Space missions for exoplanet January 3, 2020 Source: The Hindu Manifest pedagogy: As a part of science & technology and geography, questions related to space have been asked both at prelims and mains stage. Finding life in other celestial bodies had always been a human curiosity. Origin of the solar system, exoplanets as prospective resources zone, finding life etc are key objectives of NASA and other space programs. In news: European Space Agency (ESA) has launched CHEOPS exoplanet mission Placing it in syllabus: Exoplanet space missions Static dimensions: What are exoplanets? Current dimensions: Exoplanet missions by NASA Exoplanet missions by ESA and CHEOPS mission Content: What are Exoplanets? The worlds orbiting other stars are called “exoplanets”. They vary in sizes, from gas giants larger than Jupiter to small, rocky planets about as big around as Earth. They can be hot enough to boil metal or locked in deep freeze. They can orbit two suns at once. Some exoplanets are sunless, wandering through the galaxy in permanent darkness. The first exoplanet invented was 51 Pegasi b, a “hot Jupiter” in 1995 which is 50 light-years away that is locked in a four-day orbit around its star. ((The discoverers Didier Queloz and Michel Mayor of 51 Pegasi b shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics for their breakthrough finding)). And a system of three “pulsar planets” had been detected, beginning in 1992. The circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ) also called the Goldilocks zone is the range of orbits around a star within which a planetary surface can support liquid water given sufficient atmospheric pressure. -
Suzanne Aigrain on Behalf of the Corot Exoplanet Science Team Why Space?
Suzanne Aigrain on behalf of the CoRoT exoplanet science team Why space? • Atmosphere limits precision photometry from the ground • Scintillation limit ~2 mmag • Representative transit depths for Sun-like star • Jupiter: 10 mmag • Neptune: 1.3 mmag • Earth: 0.1 mmag • Weather and daytime limit temporal coverage from the ground • Many sources of noise transit timescales removed • colour dependent differential extinction, seeing, etc... 27 December 2006 The satellite • PI: Annie Baglin, LESIA, Meudon • CNES PROTEUS bus • 27cm aperture telescope • Soyuz II-1b launcher from Baikonour • Polar orbit • 2.5 year minimum lifetime Payload 27cm telescope layout focal box Full images, windowing and target selection Focal planeSeismology detector (Vincent Lapeyrere) Exopplnat detector (Farid Karioty) • Sismo field • 5 windows / CCD • 5.7 < mV < 9.5 • 32s sampling (1s on request) • frame transfer mode • used for astrometry 2.8° • 10 bright stars • 10 background windows • 11600 faint stars • 400 background windows CoRoT_Booklet_talks_summer2007 2 seismo exo SCAO Pointing stability Barycenter X of the stellar image x-coord of stellar image barycenter Stability performances : x axis: rms 0.12 pixel y axis: rms 0.15 pixel ~ 0RMS.3 a stability:rc sec. 0.12 pixel in x 0.15 pixel in y ~0.3 arcsec Vibrations due to the entrance and exit form ecclipses vibrations due to Earth eclipse ingress and egress CoRoT_Booklet_talks_summer2007 3 Exo field 2.8° • Exo field • up to 6000 LCs / CCD • 11.5 < mV < 16 • 512s sampling (32s for 500 objects / CCD) • 3 colours for -
Extra-Solar Planetary Systems
From the Academy Extra-solar planetary systems Joan Najita*†, Willy Benz‡, and Artie Hatzes§ *National Optical Astronomy Observatories, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719; ‡Physikalisches Institut, Universita¨t Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, Ch-3012, Bern, Switzerland; and §McDonald Observatory, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 he discovery of extra-solar planets has captured the imagi- Table 1. Properties of extra-solar planet candidates Tnation and interest of the public and scientific communities K, alike, and for the same reasons: we are all want to know the Parent star M sin i Period, days a,AU e m⅐sϪ1 answers to questions such as ‘‘Where do we come from?’’ and ‘‘Are we alone?’’ Throughout this century, popular culture has HD 187123 0.52 3.097 0.042 0. 72. presumed the existence of other worlds and extra-terrestrial Bootis 3.64 3.3126 0.042 0. 469. intelligence. As a result, the annals of popular culture are filled HD 75289 0.42 3.5097 0.046 0. 54. with thoughts on what extra-solar planets and their inhabitants 51 Peg 0.44 4.2308 0.051 0.01 56. are like. And now toward the end of the century, astronomers And b 0.71 4.617 0.059 0.034 73.0 have managed to confirm at least one aspect of this speculative HD 217107 1.28 7.11 0.07 0.14 140. search for understanding in finding convincing evidence of Gliese 86 3.6 15.83 0.11 0.042 379. planets beyond the solar system. 1 Cancri 0.85 14.656 0.12 0.03 75.8 The discovery of extra-solar planets has brought with it a HD 195019 3.43 18.3 0.14 0.05 268. -
Cvetoje- Vic, Anthony Cheetham, Frantz Martinache, Barnaby Norris, Peter Tuthill
Dr Benjamin Pope Lecturer in Astrophysics and DECRA Fellow Advisor: Prof. David Hogg Affiliation: School of Mathematics & Physics University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia and Centre for Astrophysics University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia Homepage: benjaminpope.github.io email: [email protected] orcid: 0000-0003-2595-9114 Education and Previous Positions 2017-2020 NASA Sagan Fellow, New York University Advisor: Prof. David Hogg 2017 Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of Sydney Advisor: Prof. Peter Tuthill 2013-2017 Doctor of Philosophy in Astrophysics, University of Oxford Thesis: “Observing Bright Stars and their Planets from the Earth and from Space” Balliol College | Supervisors: Prof. Suzanne Aigrain, Prof. Patrick Roche 2013-14 Master of Science in Astrophysics, University of Sydney Thesis: “Vision and Revision: Wavefront Sensing from the Image Domain” Supervisor: Prof. Peter Tuthill 2012 Bachelor of Science (Advanced) with Honours in Physics, University of Sydney First Class Honours, with the University Medal Thesis: “Dancing in the Dark: Kernel Phase Interferometry of Ultracool Dwarfs” Supervisors: Prof. Peter Tuthill, Dr. Frantz Martinache 2010-2011 Study Abroad at the University of California, Berkeley Research project with Prof. Charles H. Townes, Infrared Spatial Interferometer. Grants ARC Discovery Early Career Research Award (DECRA) AUD $444,075.00 NASA TESS Cycle 3 Guest Investigator USD $50,000 TESS Cycle 2 Guest Investigator USD $50,000 Balliol Balliol Interdisciplinary Institute Research Grant College GBP £3,000 Teaching 2021 Extragalactic Astrophysics & Cosmology, University of Queensland 2019 Master of Data Science Guest Lecturer, NYU Center for Data Science 2017 Bayesian Reasoning Honours Lecturer, University of Sydney 2017 Honours Project Supervisor, University of Sydney Supervised Alison Wong and Matthew Edwards, both to First Class Honours and PhD acceptance. -
A GROUND-BASED ALBEDO UPPER LIMIT for HD 189733B from POLARIMETRY Sloane J
The Astrophysical Journal, 813:48 (11pp), 2015 November 1 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/813/1/48 © 2015. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. A GROUND-BASED ALBEDO UPPER LIMIT FOR HD 189733b FROM POLARIMETRY Sloane J. Wiktorowicz1,2, Larissa A. Nofi3,1, Daniel Jontof-Hutter4,5, Pushkar Kopparla6, Gregory P. Laughlin1, Ninos Hermis1, Yuk L. Yung6, and Mark R. Swain7 1 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; [email protected] 2 Remote Sensing Department, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA 3 Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 4 Department of Astronomy, Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA 5 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA 6 Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 7 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA Received 2015 July 13; accepted 2015 September 29; published 2015 October 27 ABSTRACT We present 50 nights of polarimetric observations of HD 189733 in the B band using the POLISH2 aperture- integrated polarimeter at the Lick Observatory Shane 3-m telescope. This instrument, commissioned in 2011, is designed to search for Rayleigh scattering from short-period exoplanets due to the polarized nature of scattered light. Since these planets are spatially unresolvable from their host stars, the relative contribution of the planet-to- total system polarization is expected to vary with an amplitude of the order of 10 parts per million (ppm) over the course of the orbit. -
The Maunder Minimum and the Variable Sun-Earth Connection
The Maunder Minimum and the Variable Sun-Earth Connection (Front illustration: the Sun without spots, July 27, 1954) By Willie Wei-Hock Soon and Steven H. Yaskell To Soon Gim-Chuan, Chua Chiew-See, Pham Than (Lien+Van’s mother) and Ulla and Anna In Memory of Miriam Fuchs (baba Gil’s mother)---W.H.S. In Memory of Andrew Hoff---S.H.Y. To interrupt His Yellow Plan The Sun does not allow Caprices of the Atmosphere – And even when the Snow Heaves Balls of Specks, like Vicious Boy Directly in His Eye – Does not so much as turn His Head Busy with Majesty – ‘Tis His to stimulate the Earth And magnetize the Sea - And bind Astronomy, in place, Yet Any passing by Would deem Ourselves – the busier As the Minutest Bee That rides – emits a Thunder – A Bomb – to justify Emily Dickinson (poem 224. c. 1862) Since people are by nature poorly equipped to register any but short-term changes, it is not surprising that we fail to notice slower changes in either climate or the sun. John A. Eddy, The New Solar Physics (1977-78) Foreword By E. N. Parker In this time of global warming we are impelled by both the anticipated dire consequences and by scientific curiosity to investigate the factors that drive the climate. Climate has fluctuated strongly and abruptly in the past, with ice ages and interglacial warming as the long term extremes. Historical research in the last decades has shown short term climatic transients to be a frequent occurrence, often imposing disastrous hardship on the afflicted human populations.