The Polio Vaccine and the Restatement (Third) of Torts: Why the Controversies?
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2004 Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal Address Delivered by Award Recipient William S
2004 Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal Address Delivered by Award Recipient William S. Jordan, Jr., M.D. With a Tribute by John R. LaMontagne, Ph.D. May 25, 2004 Arlington, Virginia INTRODUCTION by H.R. Shepherd, D.Sc. Chairman, The Albert B. Sabin Vaccine Institute he Sabin Vaccine Institute pursues Dr. Albert B. Sabin’s vision of a T world protected from disease by vaccines. The annual awarding of the Sabin Gold Medal has always been among our most meaningful traditions. The 2004 award was presented in May to an icon in vaccine research, William S. Jordan, Jr., M.D., at a ceremony in Arlington, Virginia, during the 7th Annual Conference on Vaccine Research, co-organized by the Sabin Vaccine Institute. The positive impact of vaccines on the health and well being of humanity continues to be a marvel of our modern world. Vaccine improvements, new vaccines, and vaccines in the pipeline represent an advancing field of science that brings untold preventive benefit to millions around the world. Along with his career in vaccine research, Dr. Jordan has engaged in compiling the record of scientific advancements in the field. His name is synonymous with both vaccine research and the compendium—The Jordan Report—that for 25 years has been a repository for advances in the vaccine field. The Sabin Gold Medal Advisory Committee, chaired by Maj. Gen. Philip K. Russell, M.D. (USA Ret.), selected Dr. Jordan for this honor after canvassing 300 members of the scientific community. We are pleased to recognize Dr. Jordan with this honor, noting his exemplary contributions in the vaccine field and commitment to lifesaving medical discoveries. -
Simian Virus 40 Sequences in Human Lymphoblastoid B-Cell Lines
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Jan. 2003, p. 1595–1597 Vol. 77, No. 2 0022-538X/03/$08.00ϩ0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.2.1595–1597.2003 Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Simian Virus 40 Sequences in Human Lymphoblastoid B-Cell Lines Riccardo Dolcetti,1 Fernanda Martini,2 Michele Quaia,1 Annunziata Gloghini,3 Beatrice Vignocchi,2 Roberta Cariati,1 Marcella Martinelli,2 Antonino Carbone,3 Mauro Boiocchi,1 and Mauro Tognon2,4* Divisions of Experimental Oncology1 and Pathology,3 Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (Pordenone), and Downloaded from Department of Morphology and Embryology, Section of Histology and Embryology,2 and Center of Biotechnology,4 University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy Received 19 July 2002/Accepted 17 October 2002 Human Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized lymphoblastoid B-cell lines tested positive by PCR for simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA (22 of 42 cell lines, 52.3%). B lymphocytes or tissues from which B-cell lines derived were also SV40 positive. In situ hybridization showed that SV40 DNA was present in the nucleus of a small fraction (1/250) of cells. SV40 T-antigen mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-PCR. Lymphoblastoid B-cell lines http://jvi.asm.org/ infected with SV40 remained SV40 positive for 4 to 6 months. SV40-positive B-cell lines were more (4 ؍ n) tumorigenic in SCID mice than were SV40-negative cell lines (4 of 5 [80%] SV40-positive cell lines versus 2 of 4 [50%] SV40-negative cell lines). These results suggest that SV40 may play a role in the early phases of human lymphomagenesis. -
Robert Purcell: Okay
Office of NIH History Oral History Interview with Dr. Robert H. Purcell (NIAID, LID) Conducted on December 7, 2005, by Dr. Lisa K. Walker At the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Abstract: Dr. Purcell describes his education and training, his early career in the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, and his work since he has headed LID studies of hepatitis viruses. He describes how the LID broadened its work, from a focus on viruses causing respiratory diseases through the early 1960s, to include hepatitis as well as gastroenteritis viruses. He also discusses internal collaborations at NIH and extramural collaborations, and many of the chance findings and coincidences that helped to further study of hepatitis and control of infection. Dr. Purcell also comments on how advances in technology and instrumentation have influenced the study of hepatitis viruses. Lisa Walker: I would like to start out by hearing a little bit about your growing up, and your family and your decisions as you entered university and training in chemistry to begin with. Robert Purcell: Okay. I was born in Iowa and moved to Texas when I was six months old, and spent my first nine years in Dallas, Texas. Then my family moved to rural Oklahoma, and that’s where I lived until I finished college and then went off to medical school. I guess I developed an interest in science from my brother, who was in college and was taking science courses, [and] who would come home with interesting little tidbits about things, and that really kind of excited me. The school I went to, since it was in rural Oklahoma, actually was a minimal school. -
COLLEGE of LETTERS and SCIENCE ALUMNI: KNOWLEDGE in ACTION COLLEGE of LETTERS and SCIENCE Dear Friends and Colleagues, Dean, Nicol C
THE COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE • MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY • 2016-2017 • VOLUME 13 COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE ALUMNI: KNOWLEDGE IN ACTION COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE Dear friends and colleagues, Dean, Nicol C. Rae Associate Dean, David Cherry In 2016, Montana State University Associate Dean, Bridget Kevane celebrated and honored the legacy of Director of Finance and Administration, Mindy Brown Assistant to the Dean, Sarah Miller Maurice Hilleman, the College of Letters Administrative and Student Support Coordinator, and Science’s—and arguably MSU’s— Nicol Rae. Jennifer Storment most world-changing alumnus. Communications Director, Jody Sanford Advising Coordinator, Erica Dungan Hillman graduated from MSU in 1941 with degrees in chemistry and Accounting Operations Manager, Cassandra Balent microbiology. He pursued a career as a microbiologist, specializing in vaccinology Information Technology Director, Michael Wright and developing over 40 vaccines, an unparalleled record of productivity. Of the COLLEGE OF LETTERS AND SCIENCE 14 vaccines routinely recommended in current vaccine schedules, he developed ADVISORY COUNCIL eight: those for measles, mumps, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chickenpox, meningitis, Michael Beehler Betsy Quammen pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. He also played a role in the Julianne Bye Peter Roos discovery of the cold-producing adenoviruses, the hepatitis viruses and the cancer- Ingrid Degreef Peter Sadowski Marshall Gingery Bradley Snow causing virus SV40. He is credited with saving more lives than any other medical Ariana Paliobagis Gary Stoner scientist of the 20th century. Gary Popiel William Yellowtail Jr. In April of this year, MSU held the Maurice Hilleman Vaccine Symposium, DEPARTMENTS AND DEPARTMENT HEADS featuring some of the nation’s most noted experts in vaccine. -
Fire Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room L235, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA
GENE SILENCING BY DOUBLE STRANDED RNA Nobel Lecture, December 8, 2006 by Andrew Z. Fire Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room L235, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA. I would like to thank the Nobel Assembly of the Karolinska Institutet for the opportunity to describe some recent work on RNA-triggered gene silencing. First a few disclaimers, however. Telling the full story of gene silencing would be a mammoth enterprise that would take me many years to write and would take you well into the night to read. So we’ll need to abbreviate the story more than a little. Second (and as you will see) we are only in the dawn of our knowledge; so consider the following to be primer... the best we could do as of December 8th, 2006. And third, please understand that the story that I am telling represents the work of several generations of biologists, chemists, and many shades in between. I’m pleased and proud that work from my labo- ratory has contributed to the field, and that this has led to my being chosen as one of the messengers to relay the story in this forum. At the same time, I hope that there will be no confusion of equating our modest contributions with those of the much grander RNAi enterprise. DOUBLE STRANDED RNA AS A BIOLOGICAL ALARM SIGNAL These disclaimers in hand, the story can now start with a biography of the first main character. Double stranded RNA is probably as old (or almost as old) as life on earth. -
Drugs That Changed the World
Drugs That Changed the World Drugs That Changed the World How Therapeutic Agents Shaped Our Lives Irwin W. Sherman CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper Version Date: 20160922 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-9649-1 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal respon- sibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not neces- sarily reflect the views/opinions of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health-care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering or utilizing any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book. -
Plasmid-Based Human Norovirus Reverse Genetics System Produces
Plasmid-based human norovirus reverse genetics PNAS PLUS system produces reporter-tagged progeny virus containing infectious genomic RNA Kazuhiko Katayamaa,b, Kosuke Murakamia,b, Tyler M. Sharpa, Susana Guixa, Tomoichiro Okab, Reiko Takai-Todakab, Akira Nakanishic, Sue E. Crawforda, Robert L. Atmara,d, and Mary K. Estesa,d,1 Departments of aMolecular Virology and Microbiology and dMedicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; bDepartment of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; and cSection of Gene Therapy, Department of Aging Intervention, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan Contributed by Mary K. Estes, August 7, 2014 (sent for review April 27, 2014: reviewed by Ian Goodfellow and John Parker) Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of gastroenteritis malian cells can produce progeny virus (10, 11), but these systems worldwide. HuNoV replication studies have been hampered by the are not sufficiently efficient to be widely used to propagate inability to grow the virus in cultured cells. The HuNoV genome is HuNoVs in vitro. The factors responsible for the block(s) of viral a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecule with three replication using standard cell culture systems remain unknown. open reading frames (ORFs). We established a reverse genetics The HuNoV genome is a positive-sense ssRNA of ∼7.6 kb that system driven by a mammalian promoter that functions without is organized in three ORFs: ORF1 encodes a nonstructural helper virus. The complete genome of the HuNoV genogroup II.3 polyprotein, and ORF2 and ORF3 encode the major and minor α U201 strain was cloned downstream of an elongation factor-1 (EF- capsid proteins VP1 and VP2, respectively. -
Human Norovirus: Experimental Models of Infection
viruses Review Human Norovirus: Experimental Models of Infection Kyle V. Todd and Ralph A. Tripp * Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-706-542-1557 Received: 18 January 2019; Accepted: 7 February 2019; Published: 12 February 2019 Abstract: Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. HuNoV infections lead to substantial societal and economic burdens. There are currently no licensed vaccines or therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of HuNoVs. A lack of well-characterized in vitro and in vivo infection models has limited the development of HuNoV countermeasures. Experimental infection of human volunteers and the use of related viruses such as murine NoV have provided helpful insights into HuNoV biology and vaccine and therapeutic development. There remains a need for robust animal models and reverse genetic systems to further HuNoV research. This review summarizes available HuNoV animal models and reverse genetic systems, while providing insight into their usefulness for vaccine and therapeutic development. Keywords: norovirus; human norovirus; animal models; reverse genetics; vaccine development 1. Introduction Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense, RNA viruses belonging to the Caliciviridae family [1–3]. Their 7.5–7.7 kb genomes contain three open reading frames (ORFs) (Figure1a) [ 4]. ORF1 codes for the six nonstructural proteins, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus: p48, NTPase, p22, VPg, 3C-like protease (3CLpro), and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) [5]. Subgenomic RNA, containing ORFs 2 and 3, codes for the major and minor structural proteins, VP1 and VP2 (Figure1a) [ 6]. -
COVID-19 Vaccines a Literature Analysis of the Three First Approved COVID-19 Vaccines in the EU
COVID-19 Vaccines A literature analysis of the three first approved COVID-19 Vaccines in the EU Morgan Persson Bachelor thesis, 15 hp Pharmacist program, 300 hp Report approved: Spring 2021 Supervisor: Martin Bäckström. Examinor: Maria Sjölander Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 virus, more famously known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (“Covid-19”), has claimed over 3.4 million lives worldwide. The virus, belonging to the RNA coronavirus family, emerged from China during the end of 2019 and was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence was published and available on January 11th, 2020. Thereafter multiple pharmaceutical companies began researching on a vaccine. The objective of this literature study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of the three first approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the EU. This literature study was primarily built on original articles on the three first approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the EU. Two main methods were used to find relevant articles. The primary method was by using the PubMed database and sorting out relevant articles as seen in Table 1 and 4. The focus was randomized control trials for efficacy and safety and/or articles researching efficacy and/or safety. PubMed was used for its robust and large database of articles. The secondary method of finding articles was by searching in The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) found in table 2 or in The Lancet, found in table 3. These journals were used primarily for the reason being that papers on the vaccines were originally published in these journals and a lot of other articles regarding the vaccine’s efficacy were published there as well. -
July 16-31, 2009
Eagleville Times Also serving Arrington, College Grove, Rockvale, Triune & Unionville Volume 7, Issue 14 - 50¢ July 16 - 31, 2009 Eagleville, Tennessee Highway 99 THOMAS MAUPIN Improvement Project 2009 Uncle Dave Macon INSIDE Trailblazer Award Winner Ahead Of Schedule BY BOBBIE SUE SHELTON-LONAS BY MELISSA BUCHANAN Thomas Maupin, of Murfreesboro, was Page 2 Business The Highway 99 Improvement Project honored as the recipient of the 2009 Uncle Directory enters its final phase of construction ahead Dave Macon Trailblazer Award presented on of schedule, according to Jaime Fitzpatrick, the opening night of the 32nd annual festival TDOT’s Project Supervisor over the in Murfreesboro. This distinguished award is Murfreesboro Construction office. given to those who have been at the forefront Page 3 A Message of preserving a traditional art. Thomas, a six- The Highway 99 Improvement Project will From Your time buck dancing national champion is very provide drivers with added safety, widening deserving of this award. Considered one of Mayor the roadway, eliminating dangerous curves, the best flat-foot dancers in the country, he and adding 8-foot shoulders, as drivers has the awards to prove it. Winning more than who commute between Eagleville and the 60 first-place honors as well as the Nashville Concord area of Rockvale have already put Page 14 Health & Silver Stars Talent show for artists 60 years portions of the new state route to use. Wellness and older is quite of an accomplishment for The current phase of construction is the this self-taught dancer. This year he also was new roadbed that begins at Swamp Road, a finalist for the Tennessee Governor’s Award bypassing the downtown Eagleville area by in the Arts. -
Vaccine Contamination Prompts Safety Review
NEWS Papilloma pursuit: Just in time: The pill turns 50: Animal studies point to Adhering to strict drug A reflection on oral possible drugs against regimens is made contraceptives and cervical cancer. easier with technology. potential improvements. 499 504 506 Vaccine contamination prompts safety review When Eric Delwart couldn’t find the right email performed additional tests and confirmed which is ingested almost every time people eat addresses online to contact GlaxoSmithKline the contamination. pork, is not known to cause disease in animals (GSK) in early February, he posted a good old- On 15 March, GSK informed the US Food or humans. As such, most researchers agree fashioned letter to the Belgian headquarters of and Drug Administration (FDA) of the that Rotarix remains safe to use. the pharma giant to inform the company that impurity, and the company has since confirmed “As far as we understand right now, there is one of its vaccines was contaminated with a that PCV1 was present in the master stock no evidence of any harm to people who have pig virus. of the vaccine—thus, Rotarix was probably been exposed to this virus,” says Neal Halsey, Months earlier, Delwart, a viral genomicist contaminated during the earliest stages of director of the Institute for Vaccine Safety at the University of California–San Francisco, development. at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of and his colleagues began what they thought In their study, published last month, Public Health in Baltimore. “However, it is would be a run-of-the-mill experiment to Delwart’s team also found partial DNA and still an unexpected contaminant. -
25.3 Joana Final Draft Mike Format 19
January 2016 ISAR News Vol. 25 No. 3 Editor Anthony Vere Hodge Guest editor, Joana Rocha-Pereira ©International Society for Antiviral Research La Jolla, CA, USA welcomes the 29th ICAR, 17-21 April 2016 at IN THIS ISSUE ISAR PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ISAR President’s Message I would like to offer a warm welcome to all of our ICAR 2016 members to the 29th International Conference on Update on the 29th ICAR Antiviral Research which will be held in La Jolla, CA Invitation to La Jolla in April 2016. Our meeting this year will commence Women in Science on the afternoon of Sunday April 17th with Drug th Discovery 101 and conclude midday on Thursday 29 ICAR: Useful information April 21st. In between, Mark Prichard and the ISAR elections - Our new officers Program Committee have put together a top notch Current research scientific program which includes two Keynote New infection models for human norovirus Addresses, two mini-symposia, our annual Prusoff, drug development Elion and Holy award lectures, and a variety of Antivirals on the horizon podium presentations and posters based on submissions from our delegates. Mark has worked MERS-coronavirus: a moving target? diligently this year to also incorporate a novel session ICAR through the years on diagnostic technologies which will feature Erik De Clercq’s ISAR/ICAR memories presentations from a variety of companies that ISAR member profile provide us with the technologies necessary to more Erik De Clercq efficiently and quantitatively perform our research. News items As always the meeting will prominently feature Ebola update: So near, yet so far networking opportunities which is the hallmark of ICAR 2015 Financial summary ICAR.