Elevational Distribution Ofrestricted Range Forest
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Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: an and Taxonomists Throughout the World Who Have Left Inventory
United States Department of Agriculture Perennial Edible Fruits Agricultural Research Service of the Tropics Agriculture Handbook No. 642 An Inventory t Abstract Acknowledgments Martin, Franklin W., Carl W. Cannpbell, Ruth M. Puberté. We owe first thanks to the botanists, horticulturists 1987 Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: An and taxonomists throughout the world who have left Inventory. U.S. Department of Agriculture, written records of the fruits they encountered. Agriculture Handbook No. 642, 252 p., illus. Second, we thank Richard A. Hamilton, who read and The edible fruits of the Tropics are nnany in number, criticized the major part of the manuscript. His help varied in form, and irregular in distribution. They can be was invaluable. categorized as major or minor. Only about 300 Tropical fruits can be considered great. These are outstanding We also thank the many individuals who read, criti- in one or more of the following: Size, beauty, flavor, and cized, or contributed to various parts of the book. In nutritional value. In contrast are the more than 3,000 alphabetical order, they are Susan Abraham (Indian fruits that can be considered minor, limited severely by fruits), Herbert Barrett (citrus fruits), Jose Calzada one or more defects, such as very small size, poor taste Benza (fruits of Peru), Clarkson (South African fruits), or appeal, limited adaptability, or limited distribution. William 0. Cooper (citrus fruits), Derek Cormack The major fruits are not all well known. Some excellent (arrangements for review in Africa), Milton de Albu- fruits which rival the commercialized greatest are still querque (Brazilian fruits), Enriquito D. -
Wo 2009/125017 A2
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 15 October 2009 (15.10.2009) WO 2009/125017 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: (FR). CAMPA, Claudine [FR/FR]; 4 rue des Lavandes, C07H 7/06 (2006.01) A61K 8/49 (2006.01) F-34820 Teyran (FR). C07H 1/08 (2006.01) A61K 127/00 (2006.01) (74) Agents: TOUATI, Catherine et al; Cabinet Plasseraud, A61K 31/7048 (2006.01) A61P 17/00 (2006.01) 52 rue de Ia Victoire, F-75440 Paris Cedex 09 (FR). A61P3/10 (2006.01) A61P 37/08 (2006.01) A61K 36/74 (2006.01) A61Q 19/00 (2006.01) (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 8/97 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) International Application Number: CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, PCT/EP2009/054349 EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, (22) International Filing Date: HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, 10 April 2009 (10.04.2009) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, (25) Filing Language: English NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, (26) Publication Language: English SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. -
Palynological Characters and Their Phylogenetic Signal in Rubiaceae
354 THE BOTANICAL REVIEW The Botanical Review 71(3): 354–414 Palynological Characters and Their Phylogenetic Signal in Rubiaceae STEVEN DESSEIN,1, 3 HELGA OCHOTERENA,2 PETRA DE BLOCK,3 FREDERIC LENS,1 ELMAR ROBBRECHT,3 PETER SCHOLS,1 ERIK SMETS,1 STEFAN VINCKIER,1 AND SUZY HUYSMANS1 1Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Institute of Botany and Microbiology Catholic University of Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium 2Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apdo. Postal 70-367, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico 3National Botanic Garden of Belgium Domein van Bouchout, B-1860 Meise, Belgium I. Abstract . 355 II. Introduction . 355 III. Material and Methods . 356 IV. Results . 357 A. Pollen Morphological Characteristics of Rubiaceae . 362 1. Dispersal Unit . 362 2. Pollen Size . 363 3. Pollen Shape . 365 4. Apertures . 366 a. Number . 366 b. Position . 366 c. Type . 367 d. Protruding Onci and Pollen Buds . 371 5. Sexine . 371 6. Nexine Ornamentation . 372 7. Stratification of the Pollen Wall . 373 B. Heterostyly and Pollen Dimorphism . 373 C. Orbicule Characteristics of Rubiaceae . 375 D. Fossil Pollen Record for Rubiaceae . 375 V. Discussion . 379 A. Systematic Significance of Pollen Morphology in Rubiaceae . 379 1. Subfamily Level . 379 2. Tribal Level . 381 Copies of this issue [71(3)] may be purchased from The NYBG Press, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A.; [email protected]. Please inquire as to prices. Issued 30 September 2005 © 2005 The New York Botanical Garden 354 PALYNOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN RUBIACEAE 355 3. Generic and Infrageneric Level . 386 a. Generic Level . -
Phylogenetic Relationships and New Tribal Delimitations in Subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae)
bs_bs_banner Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 173, 387–406. With 2 figures Phylogenetic relationships and new tribal delimitations in subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae) KENT KAINULAINEN1,2*, SYLVAIN G. RAZAFIMANDIMBISON1,2 and BIRGITTA BREMER1,2 1Bergius Foundation, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 2Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Received 4 April 2012; revised 2 October 2012; accepted for publication 31 January 2013 Subfamily Ixoroideae is one of three major lineages in Rubiaceae, with approximately 4000 species. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have indicated that many genera and tribes previously placed in other subfamilies are better considered as part of Ixoroideae. However, the internal resolution and clade support have generally been low, and several genera found to be nested in the subfamily do not appear to be associated with any described tribe. In order to resolve the phylogeny and assess the tribal delimitations in the expanded Ixoroideae, phylogenetic reconstructions were performed using Bayesian and parsimony analyses of six plastid DNA regions and a broad sampling of genera from all tribes of the subfamily. In the inferred phylogenetic hypotheses, the tribal relationships were mostly well supported, with Ixoroideae consisting of the Coffeeae and the Vanguerieae alliances as sister groups and a grade comprising Condamineeae, Henriquezieae, Posoquerieae, Retiniphylleae, Sipaneeae and the genus Steenisia. A revised tribal classification, including the description of five new tribes, Airospermeae, Augusteae, Scyphiphoreae, Steenisieae and Trailliaedoxeae, is provided. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 173, 387–406. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Airospermeae – Augusteae – molecular phylogenetics – Scyphiphoreae – Steenisieae – systematics – Trailliaedoxeae. -
Plants, Vegetation, Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Fish, Insects, Aquatic Invertebrates and Ecosystems
AWF FOUR CORNERS TBNRM PROJECT : REVIEWS OF EXISTING BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION i Published for The African Wildlife Foundation's FOUR CORNERS TBNRM PROJECT by THE ZAMBEZI SOCIETY and THE BIODIVERSITY FOUNDATION FOR AFRICA 2004 PARTNERS IN BIODIVERSITY The Zambezi Society The Biodiversity Foundation for Africa P O Box HG774 P O Box FM730 Highlands Famona Harare Bulawayo Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Tel: +263 4 747002-5 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.biodiversityfoundation.org Website : www.zamsoc.org The Zambezi Society and The Biodiversity Foundation for Africa are working as partners within the African Wildlife Foundation's Four Corners TBNRM project. The Biodiversity Foundation for Africa is responsible for acquiring technical information on the biodiversity of the project area. The Zambezi Society will be interpreting this information into user-friendly formats for stakeholders in the Four Corners area, and then disseminating it to these stakeholders. THE BIODIVERSITY FOUNDATION FOR AFRICA (BFA is a non-profit making Trust, formed in Bulawayo in 1992 by a group of concerned scientists and environmentalists. Individual BFA members have expertise in biological groups including plants, vegetation, mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, insects, aquatic invertebrates and ecosystems. The major objective of the BFA is to undertake biological research into the biodiversity of sub-Saharan Africa, and to make the resulting information more accessible. Towards this end it provides technical, ecological and biosystematic expertise. THE ZAMBEZI SOCIETY was established in 1982. Its goals include the conservation of biological diversity and wilderness in the Zambezi Basin through the application of sustainable, scientifically sound natural resource management strategies. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0046077 A1 Talamond Et Al
US 2011 0046077A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0046077 A1 Talamond et al. (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 24, 2011 (54) PROCESS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP09/54349 MANGIFERN AND SOMANGFERIN S371 (c)(1), (75) Inventors: Pascale Talamond, Eyragues (FR): (2), (4) Date: Oct. 7, 2010 Laurence Mondolot, Montpellier (30) Foreign Application Priority Data (FR); Annick Gargadennec, Montpellier (FR): Alexandre De Apr. 11, 2008 (FR) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - O852468 Kochiko, Montpellier (FR); Serge Publication Classification Hamon, Teyran (FR); Alain (51) Int. Cl. A.audine Campa,NE Teyran Er (FR) A63L/7048C7H I/08 (2006.01) A6IR 8/60 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: A6IP3/10 (2006.01) MARSHALL, GERSTEIN & BORUN LLP A6IP39/06 (2006.01) 233 SOUTH WACKER DRIVE, 6300 WILLIS A6IP37/08 (2006.01) TOWER A61O 19/00 (2006.01) CHICAGO, IL 60606–6357 (US) (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................... 514/23: 536/128 (57) ABSTRACT (73) Assignee: Institut De Recherche Pour Le The present invention relates to methods for extracting and Developpement (IRD), Marseille 2 isolating glycosyl Xanthone derivatives, in particular (FR) mangiferin and isomangiferin, from plants of the Rubiaceae family, especially of the Coffea genus. The invention also (21) Appl. No.: 12/936,859 relates to extracts obtained using Such methods, as well as compositions comprising such extracts that are useful in the (22) PCT Filed: Apr. 10, 2009 cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Patent Application Publication Feb. 24, 2011 Sheet 1 of 2 US 2011/0046077 A1 Figure 1 Patent Application Publication Feb. 24, 2011 Sheet 2 of 2 US 2011/0046077 A1 O4 3. -
Antifungal Activity, Toxicity and Phytochemical Composition Of
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY, TOXICITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLADIOLUS AND DIERAMA SPECIES (IRIDACEAE) IN KENYA By Judith Agot Odhiambo BSc. (UoN), MSc. (UoN) University of Nairobi School of Biological Sciences A thesis submitted in fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany (Plant Taxonomy and Economic Botany) of the University of Nairobi. 2015 i DECLARATION This is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University or Institution. Judith Agot Odhiambo Signature_______________________________Date______________________________ This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as the University supervisors Prof. Saifuddin F. Dossaji School of Biological Sciences University of Nairobi Signature_______________________________Date______________________________ Dr. Catherine W. Lukhoba School of Biological Sciences University of Nairobi Signature_______________________________Date______________________________ Prof. Abiy Yenesew School of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry University of Nairobi Signature_______________________________Date______________________________ ii DEDICATION To my mother Margarate and my Late father John for their appreciation of education, my husband Benard for his endless encouragement and motivation, Bilha, Alvin and Aylene for always being there. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT During this study, I received support from different institutions and individuals and I would like to acknowledge their contribution. My tuition fees, stipend and research was financed by DAAD In-Country Scholarship for which I am grateful. I also thank the office of the Deputy- Vice Chancellor, Research, Production and Extension and Deans Committee for research grant which supported part of this research. My sincere gratitude also goes to my supervisors. I am most indebted to Prof. S. F. Dossaji, my first supervisor for his advice, critic and assistance throughout this study and particularly on general phytochemical analyses.