Analysis of Racial Discrimination Towards Uncle Tom in Harriet Beecher Stowe’S Uncle Tom’S Cabin
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ANALYSIS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION TOWARDS UNCLE TOM IN HARRIET BEECHER STOWE’S UNCLE TOM’S CABIN Risma Kartika Dewi E-mail : [email protected] Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Gresik Martha Indriani E-mail : [email protected] PT. Wilmar Nabati Indonesia ABSTRACT A racial discrimination gives the impact to other people. A racial discrimination happens because white race is more dominant than black race. A white race feels more superior to the black race. The white race is dominated than black race. The Negro lives in poverty, slavery, human trafficking and physically abused. Many of the black people struggle against the condition of poverty, physically abused and many pressure of life. There is no law for black people’ right which dominated by the white race and the white race people’ action to the black race cannot be stopped. Furthermore, the researcher is interested to the topic of racial discrimination in the novel of Harriet Becheer Stowe’s Uncle Tom Cabin. The researcher analyzes three main problems that are how racial discrimination depicted in the novel, what are the factors of racial discrimination in the novel and what the effects of racial discrimination in the novel are. The thesis uses descriptive qualitative research method. The data is taken from the quotations in the novel and related to the theory and the quotations will become the proofs of the analysis. The researcher uses theory of race and racism based on Les Back and John Solomos’ book to analyze the data. The result of the research is that the factors of racial discrimination are slavery and human identity. The human identity refers to the identity of race. In addition, the effects of racial discrimination are human trafficking, family separation, physically abused and rebellion. Keywords: racial discrimination, race, black race I.INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study In the literary works, there were good messages in their works. One of many good writers such as Tennesse the best writers was Harriet Beecher William, Ernest Hemingway, William Stowe. Stowe was born in Hartford, Shakespeare, JK Rowling, Stephen Connecticut in 1811 in to a family of King and many more who present some thirteen children. She had an ambition AESTHETICS, Vol. 8, No.2, 2019 1 to write about slavery. She saw Pro- within a year and nearly one million in Slavery and Anti-Slavery forces England. Stowe’s novel Uncle Tom's collided in Cincinnati, a city of religious Cabin also swept across the European revivalism, temperance battles, and race continent. It was the most popular novel riots. Stowe believed that slavery was a which presenting the slavery with racial cruel behavior. Stowe's novel focuses discrimination among white readers. on the slavery including the whippings, The increase of the literacy rate in the beating and forced sexual encounter. United States was also crucial to She wrote the novel to be a force Stowe’s success which had made against slavery. Stowe was the most culture more democratic. The role of famous writer in the world in 1860. Uncle Tom's Cabin is as a cause of the Stowe was an American author and best American Civil War. known for Uncle Tom's Cabin. The Tom as the main character of the researcher chooses Harriet Beecher novel who got discrimination from Stowe because she is the greatest author white people. Tom was a Negro man who presents the literary works about and he was a religious man. Tom had racial discrimination. She picked the children and lovely wife who always topic of slavery in her novel. It means support him. However, slavery was that she criticized slavery through her affected to Tom’s life and other niggers. literary works. She found cruelty or Tom was a good man, religious man, crime among the slaveholders. In calm, sensible and loyal. He is a good addition, she presented the cruel slave. In other words, Tom was a good planters of Louisiana. Stowe was the Negro and he is a poor slave. He lived most bravery author who describes in poor condition. Tom sold and sent slavery and racial discrimination in down to the south. However, he sold by 1952 through her works. That was the his owner to another planter who is a most influential cruel person. Uncle Tom has physically Uncle Tom's Cabin is the most abused when he helps other slaves to popular and sensational novel in 1852. escape. The racial discrimination can be It was a novel of anti-slavery. Stowe's seen clearly in this story. novel Uncle Tom's Cabin as a symbol There are many cases of racial of cringing submission and disgraceful discrimination. It means that people self-abasement in a black, a figure who are under estimate of other race Lionel Trilling blamed on the stage will bring a problem to other person in adaptations that had little to do with the society or environment. The action Stowe’s creation. The novel Uncle of racial discrimination will give bad Tom's Cabin gives the phenomenon of impact to others. Someone who is slavery in the real life. Stowe described always bullying about his race will slavery and racial discrimination to become introvert person and afraid to show how racial discrimination make a social intercourse. In short, the happened. The novel Uncle Tom's researcher gives the attention to the Cabin described the soul of the slaves topic of discussion that is racial and slaveholders alike. Stowe's novel discrimination. The researcher wants to Uncle Tom's Cabin was first published show the cause and the effect of racial in a serial form. The novel published in discrimination in environment. Besides, March 1852 and sold ten thousand it also shows that racial discrimination copies in the first week. The novel also can bring the problem in one’s society. had been sold three hundred thousand It is also expected that the readers will AESTHETICS, Vol. 8, No.2, 2019 2 be more respect toward other people are primitive people, become slaves. who have different race in their social The white people have superior power intercourse. in this era. The white people are more dominant than black people. It means 1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM the impact of colonialism increases racial phenomenon. Racial To analyze the topic of discrimination refers to unequal discussion, the researcher gives the treatment of people or group based on attention to three main problems as their race or ethnicity. This has been follows: reflected in important and valuable 1. How does racial discrimination accounts of the impact of colonialism depicted to Uncle Tom in Uncle on our understanding of race and Tom’s Cabin? culture. In addition, racial 2. What are the factors that cause discrimination is a pervasive racial discrimination to Uncle phenomenon in the lives of many racial Tom in Uncle Tom’s Cabin? minorities. 3. What are the effects of racial It is also the case that the discrimination in Uncle Tom’s expansion of colonial power during the Cabin? nineteenth century helped to invent new images and to institutionalize specific II.RESEARCH METHOD forms of class, gender and racial relations. Chae states African American The researcher used a qualitative reports the high level of racial research method in this study to analyze discrimination in housing, employment the data found in the novel. Creswell and in daily interactions. The media stated that a qualitative research is an also reports exclusively among African approach for analyzing and describing American men which experiencing the meaning of the text of narrative racial discrimination. The racial studies without any survey and discrimination gives impact to poorer experimental research. The qualitative mental health among African research method emphasized the Americans such as a greater risk for description and interpretation of data. depression, anxiety, substance use and The data will be described and global psychological distress. interpreted to give the readers’ Racism designates into two understanding more clearly. In different things. The first is a matter of conducting the research, the researcher behavior. It is the manifestation of used descriptive qualitative method hatred or contempt for individual who because the collection data was in the well defined physical characteristics form of dialogues or quotations in the different from our own. The second is a novel. matter of ideology. It is a doctrine which is concerning human races. The two are not linked. In order to make III.FINDING AND DISCUSSION these two meanings separate. Racism as a term designed behavior and racialism 3.1 Racial Discrimination as a term reserved for doctrines. Racism The phenomenon of race and is an ancient form of behavior that is racism appears in colonial and post- probably found worldwide; racialism is colonial era. Most black people, who a movement of ideas born in Western AESTHETICS, Vol. 8, No.2, 2019 3 Europe whose period of flowering sacrifice. Similarity,a substantive extends from the mid eighteenth century concept of religious beliefs defined to to the mid-twentieth before World War the supernatural. II, before the rise of nazism, before the end of great European empires and 3.3 Human Identity particularly before the decolonization of Africa, before the urbanization of the Racism designates into two U.S black population and the rise of the different things. The first is a matter of modern civil rights movement, race was behavior. It is the manifestation of still largely seen in Europe and North hatred or contempt for individual who America as an essence, a natural well defined physical characteristics phenomenon. There is a conflict different from our own. The second is a between races of white and black.