DOCSLIB.ORG

Toadstool Geologic Park Activity Booklet

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Toadstool Geologic Park Activity Booklet United States Department of Agriculture TOADSTOOL GEOLOGIC PARK OGLALA NATIONAL GRASSLAND, NEBRASKA PREHISTORIC MAMMALS FROZEN IN STONE SEE LEARN FOSSIL TRACKS ALONG BOUT OSSILS AND THE A PREHISTORIC RIVER A F CREATURES WHO MADE THEM PLUS NEBRASKA COVERED UZZLES ODES BY ANCIENT SWAMPS, EXPLORE P , C , CEANS AND LACIERS AND ACTIVITIES! O , G THE AGES OF THE EARTH REAT AMMALS HO G M W THE STRANGE AND WONDERFUL ALKED THE ARTH W E TOADSTOOLS OF NEBRASKA AND ARE NOW EXTINCT Forest Service FS-1162 January 2021 TOADSTOOL GEOLOGIC PARK, OGLALA NATIONAL GRASSLAND The fascinating landforms of Toadstool Geologic to erosion. When softer, less cemented rock Park hold the secrets of an ancient world where underlies harder, erosion-resistant rock, the strange and wonderful animals walked the Earth. softer rock will be more easily eroded by water Imagine seeing rhinoceroses, miniature horses, and wind, undermining the harder resistant giant tortoises, camels, and a wild pig so huge rock. The harder rock pieces cap the eroded and ferocious that it’s called the “hell pig” in material, forming many unique landforms western Nebraska. These creatures inhabited including toadstools, in what is known as a a landscape unlike the one you see today. Fifty “badlands” landscape. At Toadstool Geologic million years ago, western Nebraska was a Park, sandstone is the harder rock forming the vast, open savannah with streams meandering caps of the toadstools and finer grained silts and through forests. Far to the west, volcanoes clays are the more easily eroded rocks forming erupted and ash drifted east to cover the the pillars. landscape. The secrets of this ancient world are held in the bedrock formations of the Toadstool ACTIVITY: MAKE A TOADSTOOL Geologic Park. As you read this activity book and Get some water and sand or dirt. Moisten the work the puzzles, let your imagination wander to sand a little bit and then pack it into a flat box, this ancient time in our Earth’s history. like a cake pan. Flip it over as though you are making a sand castle. Cover the top of the TOADSTOOLS sand block with flat pebbles and then sprinkle Toadstool is a funny name for a certain type of water over the top. The softer sand will erode landform. You can see these rock toadstools out from beneath the edges of the flat pebbles, capped with flat rocks across the park and creating a toadstool landscape. For a more recognize their resemblance to real toadstools natural approach, try leaving your toadstool or mushrooms. How do they form? Rock model outside during a rain storm and observe layers can be more resistant or less resistant erosion firsthand. Sandstone pieces protect Mimic the process of mak- softer layers underneath, ing toadstool formations while unprotected parts using water, sand, and erode away. small rocks. ERODED BEDROCK LEDGE BADLAND LANDSCAPE TOADSTOOL RESISTANT SANDSTONE BEDROCK FALLEN TOADSTOOL LESS RESISTANT SILTSTONE AND CLAYSTONE BEDROCK 2 THE AGE OF THE EARTH AS A 60-MINUTE (ONE HOUR) IntERVAL Imagine the age of the Earth as the length of The ages of the geologic eras are shown as a favorite television show or the length of your shaded portions. The Toadstool Geologic Park PE (phyical education) class, 60 minutes, as activity book addresses the incredible history illustrated below by the stopwatch. The Earth of the Cenozoic Era, the Age of Mammals, in was formed at the zero-minute mark and the western Nebraska. The Cenozoic Era lasted stopwatch runs to the present at 60 minutes from 65 million years ago to the present. During (one hour). Every minute on the stopwatch the Cenozoic Era in Nebraska, strange looking represents 75 million years (75,000,000 years). mammals walked the Earth and left their tracks. Major events in Earth’s history are illustrated by Many became extinct but some evolved into our the number of minutes it took to arrive there modern North American fauna. Man appeared on starting from the Earth’s formation at time zero. the scene just seconds away from the present. 3 THE PHANEROZOIC EON—”THE TIME OF REVEALED LIFE” The Phanerozoic Eon is represented by the last floor, sand collects on a beach or desert, coal 8 minutes on the 60-minute stopwatch. It is is formed in swamps, and ash and lava are divided into 3 eras which are further divided into ejected from volcanoes. Younger sediments are periods as shown in the table below. We know deposited on top of older rock layers and, if more about the Phanerozoic Eon than any other they are undisturbed, they stay this way. From time in Earth’s history. Why? Geologists have put this and other information, geologists have together the history of the Earth by studying the recreated the history of the Earth. The history rock layers and the fossils in them. Geologists of the area that is now western Nebraska is know that limestone is deposited on an ocean summarized below. ERA PERIOD / EPOCH SYMBOL APPROXIMATE AGE GEOLOGIC EVENTS IN WESTERN NEBRASKA QUATERNARY Q HOLOCENE PRESENT TO 10,000 THE “RECENT”, COMING OF MAN IN N. AMERICA THE ICE AGE, GLACIATION ACROSS THE NORTH PLEISTOCENE 10,000 TO 2 M.Y. AMERICAN CONTINENT, DEPOSITION ON THE PLAINS TERTIARY T VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS TO THE WEST PLIOCENE 2 M.Y. TO 6 M.Y. EXTENSIVE DEPOSITION IN WESTERN NEBRASKA FROM EROSION OF MOUNTAINS TO THE WEST CENOZOIC MIOCENE 6 M.Y. TO 22.5 M.Y. REGIONAL UPLIFT, MOUNTAIN BUILDING TO THE (MEANS NEW LIFE) (MEANS AGE OF MAMMALS OF AGE WEST, DEPOSITION ON THE NEBRASKA PLAINS OLIGOCENE 22.5 M.Y. TO 36 M.Y. VOLCANIC ACTIVITY TO THE WEST, DEPOSITION EOCENE 36 M.Y. TO 58 M.Y. OF ASH ACROSS THE PLAINS EROSION OF OLDER SEDIMENTS PALEOCENE 58 M.Y. TO 65 M.Y. LARAMIDE OROGENY - EPISODE OF MOUNTAIN BUILDING THAT CREATED THE PRESENT DAY STRUCTURE OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS CRETACEOUS K 65 M.Y. TO 141 M.Y. COASTAL AND MARINE DEPOSITION FROM A SHALLOW SEA JURASSIC J 141 M.Y. TO 195 M.Y. AGE OF AGE ERODED LAND SURFACE DINOSAURS MESOZOIC TRIASSIC TR 195 M.Y. TO 230 M.Y. MOUNTAIN BUILDING TO THE WEST, ERODED (MEANS MIDDLE LIFE) (MEANS LAND SURFACE TO THE EAST EROSION OF LAND SURFACE TO THE WEST WITH PERMIAN P 230 M.Y. TO 280 M.Y. DRY ARID CONDITIONS IN WESTERN NEBRASKA LIFE PENNSYLVANIAN P 280 M.Y. TO 310 M.Y. SHALLOW SEA, SWAMPS, AND SHORELINE TERRESTRIAL MISSISSIPPIAN M 310 M.Y. TO 345 M.Y. SHALLOW SEA; OUACHITA OROGENY - EPISODE OF MOUNTAIN BUILDING TO THE SOUTH DEVONIAN D 345 M.Y. TO 395 M.Y. LOW ELEVATION LAND THEN SHALLOW SEA FISH PALEOZOIC SILURIAN S 395 M.Y. TO 435 M.Y. LOW LAND SURFACE AND EROSION (MEANS ANCIENT LIFE) (MEANS ORDOVICIAN O 435 M.Y. TO 500 M.Y. MARINE DEPOSITION IN A SHALLOW SEA CAMBRIAN C 500 M.Y. TO 600 M.Y. ERODED LAND SURFACE THEN MARINE DEPOSI- IN THE SEAS IN LIFE EXPLODES EXPLODES LIFE TION PRECAMBRIAN p C 4 THE PEnnSYLVANIAN PERIOD: 300 MILLION YEAR-OLD OCEAN SHORES, MUDFLATS, SWAMPS, AND STREAMS The shoreline of an ancient ocean covered what sometimes formed when the ground surface is now western Nebraska around 300 million was exposed for lengthy times, and the soils years ago. Beaches, tidal basins, and swamps were preserved as colorful red or green-hued developed along the shore. The water level bedrock layers. Trees growing in western of the ocean rose and fell over time, creating Nebraska during the Pennsylvanian Period deposits of sandstone, shale, and limestone. looked very different from modern trees, with Plant matter in the swampy areas became the the appearance of ferns and horsetail rushes as source material for coal deposits. Soil layers shown in the drawings below. Cordaites Lepidodendron Sigillaria Calamites 5 THE PEnnSYLVANIAN PERIOD: 300 MILLION YEAR-OLD OCEAN SHORES, MUDFLATS, SWAMPS, AND STREAMS Animal life was also different in the through the air. Corals, clams, and echinoderms Pennsylvanian Period at the close of the (starfish-like creatures) lived on the ocean Paleozoic. Ancient reptiles and amphibians floor while fish and sharks swam through slithered and crept through the swamps and the open water. shorelines and giant dragonfly-like insects flitted KEY TOADSTOOL GEOLOGIC PARK RIVER SOUTH DAKOTA MARSH NEBRASKA CHADRON ^ LAND SURFACE OGLALA NATIONAL OCEAN GRASSLAND SCOTTSBLUFF NORTH PLATTE WYOMING NEBRASKA COLORADO There are three maps like this throughout the booklet. They these watery ecosystems were not the same during the entire show the different habitats that existed during a certain period period. Over hundreds of thousands of years some marsh would in Nebraska’s geologic history. Note how they change with time. become ocean, and then ocean would become marsh again. How This map shows oceans and marshes covering western Nebraska would the plant and animal life of this time be different than during the Pennsylvanian Period. The specific areas covered by those of today? ACTIVITY: Read the descriptions of animals in the Pennsylvanian Period above. Draw an example of one of those in the space below. You can also add color to any of the drawings in this book. 6 THE CRETACEOUS PERIOD: A 75 MILLION YEAR-OLD SHALLOW SEA IN NEBRASKA Western Nebraska during the Cretaceous Period Mexico and separated North America into several was completely covered by a shallow sea that large land masses. These shallow Cretaceous geologists call the Western Interior Seaway. This oceans teemed with prehistoric marine life while ocean stretched from the Arctic to the Gulf of dinosaurs roamed over the land. The drawing above shows a mosasaur, a large on stalks and are sometimes called sea-lilies.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • South Dakota to Nebraska
    Geological Society of America Special Paper 325 1998 Lithostratigraphic revision and correlation of the lower part of the White River Group: South Dakota to Nebraska Dennis O. Terry, Jr. Department of Geology, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0340 ABSTRACT Lithologic correlations between type areas of the White River Group in Nebraska and South Dakota have resulted in a revised lithostratigraphy for the lower part of the White River Group. The following pedostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic units, from oldest to youngest, are newly recognized in northwestern Nebraska and can be correlated with units in the Big Badlands of South Dakota: the Yellow Mounds Pale- osol Equivalent, Interior and Weta Paleosol Equivalents, Chamberlain Pass Forma- tion, and Peanut Peak Member of the Chadron Formation. The term “Interior Paleosol Complex,” used for the brightly colored zone at the base of the White River Group in northwestern Nebraska, is abandoned in favor of a two-part division. The lower part is related to the Yellow Mounds Paleosol Series of South Dakota and rep- resents the pedogenically modified Cretaceous Pierre Shale. The upper part is com- posed of the unconformably overlying, pedogenically modified overbank mudstone facies of the Chamberlain Pass Formation (which contains the Interior and Weta Paleosol Series in South Dakota). Greenish-white channel sandstones at the base of the Chadron Formation in Nebraska (previously correlated to the Ahearn Member of the Chadron Formation in South Dakota) herein are correlated to the channel sand- stone facies of the Chamberlain Pass Formation in South Dakota. The Chamberlain Pass Formation is unconformably overlain by the Chadron Formation in South Dakota and Nebraska.
    [Show full text]
  • User's Guide 5636 (MTG)
    MA2006-EA © 2020 CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. User’s Guide 5636 (MTG) ENGLISH Congratulations upon your selection of this CASIO watch. To ensure that this watch provides you with the years of service for which it is designed, carefully For details about how to use this watch and for read and follow the instructions in this manual, troubleshooting information, go to the website especially the information under “Operating below. Precautions” and “User Maintenance”. Be sure to keep all user documentation handy https://world.casio.com/manual/wat/ for future reference. x Keep the watch’s face exposed to light as much as possible (page E-5). Important! x For details about how to adjust the current time zone, time, and day settings, see “Timekeeping (Current Time and Day Adjustment)” (page E-6). E-1 Features The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. is under license. Your watch provides you with the features and functions described below. This product has a Mobile Link function that lets it communicate with a Bluetooth® capable phone to perform automatic time adjustment and other operations. ◆ Solar powered operation ........................................................................................Page E-5 x This product complies with or has received approval under radio laws in various countries and The watch generates electrical power from sunlight and other types of light, and uses it to charge a geographic areas. Use of this product in an area where it does not conform to or where it has not battery that powers operation.
    [Show full text]
  • Hyracodons and Subhyracodons Early Rhinoceros by Ryan C
    The Fossils of the White River Badlands http://whiteriver.weebly.com/hyracodons.html Hyracodons and Subhyracodons Early rhinoceros by Ryan C. The discovery of rhinoceros in the Badlands of the American West was very exciting, most people never suspecting that such primitive forms of rhinoceros existed in North America. Today, living rhinoceroses consist of four genera that contain five species. Two are found in Africa; three others are restricted to Asia. Most are browsing animals but the largest species, the white rhinoceros of Africa, is a grazer. All living species possess "horns" that are composed of keratinized hair which decomposes at death and are not normally preserved in the fossil record. Although most New World rhinoceroses did not have horns, the widely distributed, males of the pig-sized Menoceros of the early Miocene had a lateral pair of horns. In North America, "rhinoceroses" of three similar lineages appeared from Asia during the Middle Eocene. Consisting of hippo-like Amynodontidae, "running rhinos" or Hyracodontidae, and true rhinoceroses, Rhinocerotidae, only true rhinoceroses adapted and diversified enough to survive into the early Pliocene. Amynodontids entered North America during the Bridgerian NALMA. Apparently adapted for a warm humid environment typified by lush forests, most amynodontids physically and ecologically resembled the hippopotamus of Africa. Remaining undiversified, only four genera are recognized and three of them contain but a single species. The massive and best known species is Metamynodon planifrons, a form characterized by having massive teeth with large tusks that give it the appearance of a hippopotamus. Some skeletons were 10 ft in length. Due to their skull structure, some believe this group supported a proboscis similar to that of a modern tapir.
    [Show full text]
  • National Areas32 State Areas33
    NEBRASKA : THE COR NHUSKER STATE 43 larger cities and counties continue to grow. Between 2000 and 2010, the population of Douglas County—home of Omaha—increased 11.5 percent, while neighboring Sarpy County grew 29.6 percent. Nebraska’s population is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. The most significant growth has occurred in the Latino population, which is now the state’s largest minority group. From 2000 to 2010, the state’s Latino population increased from 5.5 percent to 9.2 percent, growing at a rate of slightly more than 77 percent. The black population also grew from 3.9 percent to 4.4 percent during that time. While Nebraska’s median age increased from 35.3 in 2000, to 36.2 in 2010 — the number of Nebraskans age 65 and older decreased slightly during the same time period, from 13.6 percent in 2000, to 13.5 percent in 2010. RECREATION AND PLACES OF INTEREST31 National Areas32 Nebraska has two national forest areas with hand-planted trees: the Bessey Ranger District of the Nebraska National Forest in Blaine and Thomas counties, and the Samuel R. McKelvie National Forest in Cherry County. The Pine Ridge Ranger District of the Nebraska National Forest in Dawes and Sioux counties contains native ponderosa pine trees. The U.S. Forest Service also administers the Oglala National Grassland in northwest Nebraska. Within it is Toadstool Geologic Park, a moonscape of eroded badlands containing fossil trackways that are 30 million years old. The Hudson-Meng Bison Bonebed, an archaeological site containing the remains of more than 600 pre- historic bison, also is located within the grassland.
    [Show full text]
  • A NEW SABER-TOOTHED CAT from NEBRASKA Erwin H
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Conservation and Survey Division Natural Resources, School of 1915 A NEW SABER-TOOTHED CAT FROM NEBRASKA Erwin H. Barbour Nebraska Geological Survey Harold J. Cook Nebraska Geological Survey Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/conservationsurvey Part of the Geology Commons, Geomorphology Commons, Hydrology Commons, Paleontology Commons, Sedimentology Commons, Soil Science Commons, and the Stratigraphy Commons Barbour, Erwin H. and Cook, Harold J., "A NEW SABER-TOOTHED CAT FROM NEBRASKA" (1915). Conservation and Survey Division. 649. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/conservationsurvey/649 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Natural Resources, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Conservation and Survey Division by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 36c NEBRASKA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ERWIN HINCKLEY BARBOUR, State Geologist VOLUME 4 PART 17 A NEW SABER-TOOTHED CAT FROM NEBRASKA BY ERWIN H. BARBOUR AND HAROLD J. COOK GEOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF HON. CHARLES H. MORRILL 208 B A NEW SABER-TOOTHED CAT FROM NEBRASKA BY ERWIN H. BARBOUR AND HAROLD J, COOK During the field season of 1913, while exploring the Pliocene beds of Brown County, Mr. A. C. \Vhitford, a Fellow in the Department of Geology, University of Nebraska, discovered the mandible of a new mach.erodont cat. His work in this region was in the interest of the ~ebraska Geological Survey and the Morrill Geological Expeditions.1 The known fossil remains of the ancestral Felid.e fall into two nat­ ural lines of descent, as pointed out by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • (Barbourofelinae, Nimravidae, Carnivora), from the Middle Miocene of China Suggests Barbourofelines Are Nimravids, Not Felids
    UCLA UCLA Previously Published Works Title A new genus and species of sabretooth, Oriensmilus liupanensis (Barbourofelinae, Nimravidae, Carnivora), from the middle Miocene of China suggests barbourofelines are nimravids, not felids Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0g62362j Journal JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY, 18(9) ISSN 1477-2019 Authors Wang, Xiaoming White, Stuart C Guan, Jian Publication Date 2020-05-02 DOI 10.1080/14772019.2019.1691066 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Journal of Systematic Palaeontology ISSN: 1477-2019 (Print) 1478-0941 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjsp20 A new genus and species of sabretooth, Oriensmilus liupanensis (Barbourofelinae, Nimravidae, Carnivora), from the middle Miocene of China suggests barbourofelines are nimravids, not felids Xiaoming Wang, Stuart C. White & Jian Guan To cite this article: Xiaoming Wang, Stuart C. White & Jian Guan (2020): A new genus and species of sabretooth, Oriensmilusliupanensis (Barbourofelinae, Nimravidae, Carnivora), from the middle Miocene of China suggests barbourofelines are nimravids, not felids , Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2019.1691066 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2019.1691066 View supplementary material Published online: 08 Jan 2020. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjsp20 Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2020 Vol. 0, No. 0, 1–21, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2019.1691066 A new genus and species of sabretooth, Oriensmilus liupanensis (Barbourofelinae, Nimravidae, Carnivora), from the middle Miocene of China suggests barbourofelines are nimravids, not felids a,bà c d Xiaoming Wang , Stuart C.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoganson, J.W., 2009. Corridor of Time Prehistoric Life of North
    Corridor of Time Prehistoric Life of North Dakota Exhibit at the North Dakota Heritage Center Completed by John W. Hoganson Introduction In 1989, legislation was passed that directed the North Dakota and a laboratory specialist, a laboratory for preparation of Geological Survey to establish a public repository for North fossils, and a fossil storage area. The NDGS paleontology staff, Dakota fossils. Shortly thereafter, the Geological Survey signed now housed at the Heritage Center, consists of John Hoganson, a Memorandum of Agreement with the State Historical Society State Paleontologist, and paleontologists Jeff Person and Becky of North Dakota which provided space in the North Dakota Gould. This arrangement has allowed the Geological Survey, in Heritage Center for development of this North Dakota State collaboration with the State Historical Society of North Dakota, Fossil Collection, including offices for the curator of the collection to create prehistoric life of North Dakota exhibits at the Heritage Center and displays of North Dakota fossils at over 20 other museums and interpretive centers around the state. The first of the Heritage Center prehistoric life exhibits was the restoration of the Highgate Mastodon skeleton in the First People exhibit area (fig. 1). Mastodons were huge, elephant- like mammals that roamed North America at the end of the last Ice Age about 11,000 years ago. This exhibit was completed in 1992 and was the first restored skeleton of a prehistoric animal ever displayed in North Dakota. The mastodon exhibit was, and still is, a major attraction in the Heritage Center. Because of its popularity, it was decided that additional prehistoric life displays should be included in the Heritage Center exhibit plans.
    [Show full text]
  • First Nimravid Skull from Asia Alexander Averianov1,2, Ekaterina Obraztsova3, Igor Danilov1,2, Pavel Skutschas3 & Jianhua Jin1
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN First nimravid skull from Asia Alexander Averianov1,2, Ekaterina Obraztsova3, Igor Danilov1,2, Pavel Skutschas3 & Jianhua Jin1 Maofelis cantonensis gen. and sp. nov. is described based on a complete cranium from the middle- upper Eocene Youganwo Formation of Maoming Basin, Guangdong Province, China. The new taxon Received: 08 September 2015 has characters diagnostic for Nimravidae such as a short cat-like skull, short palate, ventral surface of petrosal dorsal to that of basioccipital, serrations on the distal carina of canine, reduced anterior Accepted: 21 April 2016 premolars, and absence of posterior molars (M2-3). It is plesiomorphic nimravid taxon similar to Published: 10 May 2016 Nimravidae indet. from Quercy (France) in having the glenoid pedicle and mastoid process without ventral projections, a planar basicranium in which the lateral rim is not ventrally buttressed, and P1 present. The upper canine is less flattened than in other Nimravidae.Maofelis cantonensis gen. and sp. nov. exemplifies the earliest stage of development of sabertooth specialization characteristic of Nimravidae. This taxon, together with other middle-late Eocene nimravid records in South Asia, suggests origin and initial diversification of Nimravidae in Asia. We propose that this group dispersed to North America in the late Eocene and to Europe in the early Oligocene. The subsequent Oligocene diversification of Nimravidae took place in North America and Europe, while in Asia this group declined in the Oligocene, likely because of the earlier development of open habitats on that continent. Nimravids are cat-like hypercarnivores that developed saber-tooth morphology early in the Cenozoic and were top predators in the late Eocene – late Oligocene mammal communities of the Northern Hemisphere1–3.
    [Show full text]
  • Instructions Digital Atomic Watch
    Instructions Digital Atomic Watch Introducing by ARCRON the world’s most accurate time keeping technology This wrist watch is a radio-controlled watch with SyncTime technology. A quartz oscillator, like most other modern clocks drives it. It has a built-in receiver to pick up the time signal broadcast from the U.S. Atomic Clock, which is operated by the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST). This time protocol performs an internal check and, should any changes be necessary (e.g. Daylight Saving Time), corrects its internal time immediately. This check is carried out every day. This precise time information is also used to calibrate the internal oscillator, a feature only found in SyncTime time pieces. For these time pieces it is sufficient if a signal is received only every now and then. This gives you the added advantage of having the precise time even when traveling outside North America. SyncTime time pieces still run much more accurate than ordinary quartz clocks or even other radio-controlled clocks. Functions Your Chrono offers the following features: 1. Local Time in hours/minutes/seconds + Time Zone Indicator Date as Day of the week/month/day or World Time as UTC in h/min 2. Alarm 3. Date Alert The date alert is a silent alarm that flashes on the watch display on the day set, it continues to flash the entire day. 4. Time Zone display in three different ways: - indicator pointing to Time Zone in map - deviation from UTC in hours - Local Time in h/min/sec (manual adjustment to Daylight Saving Time possible) 5.
    [Show full text]
  • GEOL 204 the Fossil Record Spring 2020 Section 0109 Luke Buczynski, Eamon, Doolan, Emmy Hudak, and Shutian Wang
    ENTELODONT: The Hellacious Pigs of the Cenozoic GEOL 204 The Fossil Record Spring 2020 Section 0109 Luke Buczynski, Eamon, Doolan, Emmy Hudak, and Shutian Wang Entelodont Overview: From the family Entelodontidae, these omnivorous mammals had a wide geographic variety, as seen in image B. They first inhabited Mongolia then spread into Eurasia and North America, while in North America they preferred flood plains and woodlands. Entelodont were fairly aggressive and would fight with their own kind, using their strong jaws and large heads. They survived from the middle of Eocene to the middle of Miocene. Size and Diet: Skull Features: Figure D shows one of the largest Entelodont, Daedon, compared to an As seen on Figure C, the skull of the Entelodont is massive. They all 1.8 meter tall human, illustrating how immense they really were. contained large Neural Spines, most likely to hold up their huge head, Entelodont weighed from 150 kg on the small size, up to 900 kg (330 to which in turn created a hump. Entelodont contained a pretty small 2,000 pounds) and 1 to 2 meters in height. They had teeth that made them brain, but large olfactory lobes, giving them an acute sense of smell. capable of consuming meat, but the overall structure and wear on the the They held sturdy canines, long incisors, sharp serrated premolars, and suggest the consumption of plant matter as well. Although these large blunt square molars (a sign of omnivory), all of which were covered in a animals might not look it, their limbs were fully terrestrial and adept for very thick layer of enamel.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Adaption Gallery
    Introduction In 1991, a group of Heritage Center staff began meeting informally after work to discuss a Heritage Center expansion. This “committee” was formalized in 1992 by Jim Sperry, Superintendent of the State Historical Society of North Dakota, and became known as the Space Planning About Center Expansion (SPACE) committee. The committee consisted of several Historical Society staff and John Hoganson representing the North Dakota Geological Survey. Ultimately, some of the SPACE committee ideas were rejected primarily because of anticipated high cost such as a planetarium, arboretum, and day care center but many of the ideas have become reality in the new Heritage Center expansion. In 2009, the state legislature appropriated $40 million for a $52 million Heritage Center expansion. The State Historical Society of North Dakota Foundation was given the task to raise the difference. On November 23, 2010 groundbreaking for the expansion took place. Planning for three new galleries began in earnest: the Governor’s Gallery (for large, temporary, travelling exhibits), Innovation Gallery: Early Peoples, and Adaptation Gallery: Geologic Time. The Figure 1. Partial Stratigraphic column of North Dakota showing Figure 2. Plate tectonic video. North Dakota's position is indicated by the the age of the Geologic Time Gallery displays. red symbol. JULY 2014 1 Orientation Featured in the Orientation area is an interactive touch table that provides a timeline of geological and evolutionary events in North Dakota from 600 million years ago to the present. Visitors activate the timeline by scrolling to learn how the geology, environment, climate, and life have changed in North Dakota through time.
    [Show full text]
  • Host Hotel: Line and the 103Rd Meridian
    This conference will be field surveying near the intersection of the Nebraska/South Dakota state Host Hotel: line and the 103rd Meridian. Westerner Motel 300 Oak Street #2248 Chadron, NE 69337 308.432.5577 A limited number of rooms have been reserved until July 31st for PSAN attendees. Hosts: Phil Curd & Jerry Penry BADLANDS NATIONAL PARK This year’s summer conference will be held a little later in the year and prior to Labor Day weekend to provide surveyors and their families an opportunity to combine it with an extended vacation to nearby sites or the Black Hills. The conference will consist of field surveying in a very remote and scenic area, yet vehicle accessible site. Attendees will have the opportunity to search for and rehabilitate a variety of monuments consisting of large state line mileposts, section corners, and closing corners dating back to 1882. A nearby astronomical station placed in 1874 to aid in deter- mining the initial state line boundary survey will also be uncovered. The culmination of this search will enable the group to collectively locate the Terminal Monument where the 103rd Meridian intersected the Nebraska/South Dakota state line. This famed line is also the western boundary of the historic Pine Ridge Reservation and the western bound- ary of the 6th Principal Meridian surveys in South Dakota. Chadron has a large variety of nearby sites including the Museum of the Fur Trade, Toadstool Geologic Park, Hudson- Meng Education & Research Center (archaeological site), Fort Robinson, and scenic Chadron State Park. Chadron is located just 50 miles from the southern edge of the Black Hills which offers an endless variety of other places to ex- plore on this extended holiday weekend.
    [Show full text]