Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 3216-3222

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 10 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.384

Production Potentiality of Freshwater Prawn in Palair Reservoir

T. Suguna*

Fisheries Research Station, S.V. Veterinary University, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh,

*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

K e yw or ds Reservoirs are the “Sleeping giants of Indian Fisheries”. The Palair

Palair Reservoir, reservoir is a tributary of river Krishna located at Palair village of Production , Potentiality , Kusumanchi mandal, district, Tenlangana. It is balancing Freshwater prawn, reservoir of Nagarjuna Sagar left canal. Besides being the source of Growth performance, Catch, irrigation, electricity generation, it is also surviving as sole source of Composition , aquaculture activity providing nutritional security, employment and Morphotypes livelihood to fishermen cooperative societies of Khammam and Nalgonda

districts. Its aquaculture production is representing the whole Article Info region. A study is carried out on the production potentiality of this reservoir

in particular, on the fresh water prawn production to gain knowledge on its Accepted: 26 September 2020 production potentiality for further enhancing the ranching of seed in Palair Available Online: Reservoir and upgrade socio-economic status of fishermen community. 10 October 2020

Introduction irrigation, the reservoir fisheries play a significant role in providing the livelihood Reservoirs are often referred to as “sleeping opportunities to many rural fishers. Although giants of Indian Fisheries. Reservoir or India has vast freshwater resources, they are manmade lakes, are created primarily for not fully exploited except in a limited scale irrigation, power generation and other water for carp culture. resource development process. These water bodies have become the prime inland fisheries These are the main opportunities for resource of India due to many reasons: improving the livelihood and nutritional development of reservoir fisheries also brings security through aquaculture. Five reservoirs with it many economic and social advantages, are located in the district Khammam, they form an important source for increasing Telangana, out of which three are larger and fish and prawn production. Along with the rest two are smaller. Kinnerasani reservoir

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is a crocodile sanctuary. Wyra and Palair The water from this reservoir is diverted to reservoirs serve for Irrigation and Aqua nearly 17 canals, which includes Bonakal production. branch canal and Mangapuram branch canal for irrigation. Freshwater prawn culture and fish culture technology have become popular for use in This reservoir is also serving as a sole source large number of tanks and ponds. However, of livelihood for over 14,500 members most reservoirs are underutilized for this enrolled in as many as 184 fishermen purpose in the country. cooperative societies in district.

India is the second largest contributor of Palair reservoir is 28-30 km from head quarter freshwater prawns to the world market. All of Khammam. The purpose of this reservoir is farmed freshwater prawns today belong to the irrigation, aquaculture activity, employment genus Macrobrachium. Until 2000 the only and electricity generation. Locationally it is species farmed was the giant river prawn 17o – 12' – 12' N latitude and 79o – 54' – 10' E (scampi), Macrobrachium rosenbergii. India longitude. Ijhhght’s water basin is river farms a small amount of monsoon river prawn Krishna with a maximum water level of Macrobrachium malcolmsonii. Freshwater +444.310 mts. and Maximum dam highest of prawn culture has attracted more attention in 20.57 mts. The full Reservoir level is recent years due to its export potential and +439.310 meters with catchment area of increasing demand as luxury protein. 651.24 sq.mts. The average rainfall is 790 mm. Palair reservoir, a tributory of river Krishna, is a breath taking, beautiful reservoir located The Palair reservoir is a balancing reservoir in village of Palair Kusmanchi mandal of and is a major hub of freshwater fish and of Telangana. It is about prawn culture. Its abundant water resources, 30 km away from district head quarters of earn a niche for itself in freshwater fish and Khammam, 2 km from Palair village and is on prawn production, in the entire region. The Suryapet – Khammam road. It is the freshwater fish and prawn are “must-eat” here balancing reservoir of Nagarjuna Sagar left as good quality / fresh variety of them are canal, with water spreading over an area of readily available. The freshness of the lake 1748 ha and with a storage capacity of 2.5 water makes it a good place for rearing fish TMC of water. The water here is free of and prawn thus enhancing the economical pollution and offers a best place for water growth. based adventure and entertainment. For peace seekers, this place offers a best spot to relax According to sources, the production of with its serene backdrop and an adventurous freshwater fish and prawn production is boating facility, this place provides good estimated to be over 16,000 MT and 500 MT water sports and activities. respectively.

Apart from feeding the ayacut under the The freshwater prawn culture now occupies a Nagarjunasgar left canal system, this reservoir significant position in inland aquaculture is the main drinking water source for nearby practices. The practice of culturing prawn in villages. It is also water storage facility for a ponds / tanks and reservoir is floushring large number of villages and towns nearby because farming in these water bodies is Khammam. proving to be a better practice compared to

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capture fisheries in lakes, rivers, canals or harvesting the prawn until June. Study carried streams or estuaries in India. These offer out from August 2018 – April 2019. immense potential for fresh water prawn culture and there is a possibility to increase Monthly samplings were done regularly to the prawn production from reservoirs. identify the species in the catch composition and morphotypes. Keeping in view of this aqua potential in reservoir and the lucarative market prices has The hydrobiological, physico chemical attracted to study the catch composition and parameters are recorded fortnightly. production potentiality of Palair reservoir which provides ready information for further The growth performance of the obtained ranching of seed in reservoir, which will species were recorded fortnightly. upgrade the socio-economic standards of fishermen community of the area. The seasonal variance of qualitative and quantitative analysis of plankton are assessed. Description of Palair Reservoir Results and Discussion 1. Village - Palair 2. Mandal - Kusmanchi The members of fisherman cooperative 3. Distance from - 23 km societies of both Khammam and Nalgonda km districts, embark on fishing in Palair 4. Purpose of - Irrigation, fish Reservoir. They initiate their fishing activity reservoir culture, electricity, usually in the month of April / May as per the generative permission of officials, state department of o 5. Latitudes - 17 – 12' – 12' N fisheries (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e). o 6. Longitudes - 79 – 54' – 10' E 7. Water basin - Krishna The average yield obtained was recorded as 8. Full reservoir - + 439.310 mts 300 tonnes of fish and 70 tonnes of prawns. level The catch composition of fresh water prawn 9. Maximum - + 444.310 mts (Fig. 2), growth (parameters) performance water level (Fig. 6), seasonal qualitative and quantitative 10. Maximum - 20.57 mts. height of Dam variance of plankton (Fig. 7), water quality parameters (Table 1) and various 11. Catchment area - 651.24 sq.mts 12. Average rain - 790 mm. morphotypes in freshwater prawn (Fig. 3,4,5,) fall and quality production potentiality of Palair Reservoir, Telangana (Fig. 8) are recorded as Materials and Methods below.

Culture trails of freshwater prawn have been In catch composition the percentage of M. carried out successfully in Palair reservoir of malcolmsonii is found to be 80% whereas M. Khammam district. Fishermen of the rosebergii is 20% (Fig. 1e, 2,3,4). The concerned reservoirs regularly stock wild morphotypes like runt, orange clawed and freshwater prawn juveniles from the Godavari blue clawed in males and in female immature, River in Andhra Pradesh every year in the mature, gravid, spent are observed in M. months of July to August. The prawns grow rosenbergii (Fig. 4). The monthly growth until February after which they start performance of freshwater prawn is very

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encouraging with a mean weight of 60 gm season whereas zooplankton in winter season (Fig. 6). The blue green algae, green algae (Fig. 7). Significantly a progressive and diatoms are noticed under phytoplankton Freshwater prawn production potentiality of whereas protozoa, rotifers, copepods and Palair Reservoir is recorded (Fig. 8). During cladocerans are observed under zooplankton. the study all the water quality parameters are Quantitatively phytoplankton are high in rainy noticed to be in favourable range (Table 1).

Table.1 Range of water quality parameters in Palair reservoir

Month of Temperature pH D.O. (mg / Depth (lt) Alkalinity samplings Air Water lt) (mg/lt) July – May 27.50 24 – 40 6.4 – 8.5 4.5 – 8.2 10 – 23 80 – 200

Fig.1

1a Palair reservoir 1b Stocking of seed

1c Harvesting 1d Marketing 1e Catch of M.malcolmsonii

Fig. 2 Catch composition of freshwater prawn

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Fig.3 Morphotypes of M.malcolmsonii

Fig.4 M.rosenbergii

Fig.5 Morphotypes of M.rosenbergii

Fig.6 Growth performance of freshwater prawn

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Fig. 7 Seasonal variance of plankton

Fig. 8 Production potentiality of Freshwater prawn in Palair Reservoir

The physical, chemical and hydro-biological (2018-19). The returns from prawn accounted water quality parameters of Palair reservoir for two thirds of the total income from the are very optimum for the survival and growth reservoir. The aquaculture production of this of aquatic animals (fish and prawn). reservoir is representing the whole Telangana Qualitatively and quantitatively it is rich in aqua production. plankton production. The ichthyo fauna harbour on an average 60 species of fishes, of In conclusion the global market for scampi is which at least 40 contribute to the commercial expanding with attractive prices and thus fisheries (Roy, M.K.D. et al., 2015 and there is scope for an expansion of scampi Valarmathi, K. 2017). Though the Indian production and export. About 4-5 million ha major carps occupy a prominent place among of impounded freshwater bodies in the the commercial important species, more various states of India, offer the potential for recently exotic species, murrels and freshwater prawn culture. Although aqua freshwater prawns sps. also contribute production of giant freshwater prawn, substantiously to commercial species. Macrobrachium rosenbergii in India has shown a phenomenal increase in recent years, The total fish and prawn production from the major bottle neck for the further Palair reservoir is 60 metric / annum (2004- expansion of prawn culture is the lack of 05) and the production of prawn touches 130 adequate supply of prawn post larvae for – 145 tonnes as against the 70 tonnes of fish stocking.

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Still there are vast opportunities to increase References productivity from the reservoirs. Timely and quality fish and prawn seed stocking is Laxmappa, B. and Vijay Babu, B., 2014. required to augment production levels. Opportunities in Mahabubnagar district Moreover a sound marketing system will also Andhra Pradesh for improving the fetch higher incomes which will further livelihood of Fishers through Reservoir improve the socio-economic status of Fisheries, Fishing Chimes, 33 (12): 26- fishermen community. 28. Laxmappa. B., Satya Parameswar, K. and Palair Reservoir is an additional source of Srinivas Reddy, B. 2013. Status of income aside from the regular reservoir Freshwater prawn farming in fishery in the state. The cooperative fishermen Ramanpad reservoir in Mahabubnagar society of this area is the largest of all with district of Andhra Pradesh., Fishing 1500 society members. Chimes, 33(7): 29-31. Roy, M.K.D., S. Rath and S. Mitra, 2015. This reservoir is livelihood for eight villages Faunistic and Limnological studies on (Thanda) around. To meet the demand, Palair lake, Wetland Ecosystem series production from this reservoir is till wanting. 18. Published by zoological survey of By application of scientific management tools India, 63-68 pp. the production and productivity levels can be Valarmathi, K. 2017 Crustacea: Decapoda still enhanced and the socio-economic (Prawns and crabs), pp-313-331. In: standards of the cooperative societies of the Current status of freshwater faunal fishermen community can be upgraded. diversity in India. Published by zoological survey of India.

How to cite this article:

Suguna, T. 2020. Production Potentiality of Freshwater Prawn in Palair Reservoir. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 9(10): 3216-3222. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.384

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