Italian Nephrologists Invent Renal Replacement Machine for Neonates Inside
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August 2014 | Vol. 6, Number 8 Italian Nephrologists Invent Renal Replacement Machine for Neonates Inside Speaking at the European Renal As- delphia, told ASN Kidney News. Adult Hypertension sociation—European Dialysis and Trans- machines that are approved for patients Guidelines weighing more than 20 kg have been plant Association conference in Am- Everything you need to know adapted for infants, “but there are some sterdam, Claudio Ronco, MD, of the to sort through the many limitations,” such as needing to prime International Renal Research Institute guidelines for managing with more blood and alarms calibrated at San Bortolo Hospital in Vicenza, hypertension Italy, said that current CRRT systems for larger individuals. are often used off-label for infants smaller than 15 kg but are not ideal. CARPEDIEM provides more CARPEDIEM, designed for in- options than peritoneal dialysis Practice Pointers Venous needle dislodgement fants weighing 2.5–10 kg, addresses After completing a 5-year development is under-reported yet can be a many of the problems with the big- project, including in vitro testing of the life-threatening complication of ger machines by using a circuit with system, meeting regulatory requirements, hemodialysis a priming volume of 27 mL including and then licensing for human use, the cli- filter, miniaturized roller pumps provid- nicians at San Bortolo Hospital treated a ing a flow as low as 5–50 mL/min, and 2.9-kg neonate with hemorrhagic shock, Fellows Corner accurate ultrafiltration with a precision multiorgan dysfunction, and severe fluid Programs aim to train next of 1 g. Filters with three different surface overload with CARPEDIEM for more generation of nephrologists areas can accommodate patients of differ- than 400 hours using continuous veno- ome of the smallest infants with ent sizes. Laboratory testing showed quite venous hemofiltration, single-pass albu- acute kidney injury (AKI) can now low levels of microhemolysis. The research min dialysis, blood exchange, and plasma Findings Sseize the day—with a dialysis sys- team’s work was published in The Lancet exchange. Better oral health could tem specifically designed for them. The on May 24. The CRRT was started at 3 days after decrease mortality risk for Cardio-Renal Pediatric Dialysis Emergen- “It definitely has been needed for a birth. The neonate’s fluid overload was ESRD patients cy Machine (CARPEDIEM) is the first long time,” Benjamin Laskin, MD, MS, 63 percent, with a body weight of 5.2 kg. continuous renal replacement therapy assistant professor of pediatrics in neph- Physicians placed a dual-lumen 22 gauge (CRRT) designed for neonates. rology at Children’s Hospital of Phila- Continued on page 3 Policy Congressional Kidney Caucus leaders introduce bill to improve treatment and Annual Round of Proposed Changes to ESRD Program research Includes Expected, and Unexpected, Proposals Kidney Health By Rachel Meyer and Mark Lukaszewski Initiative Newly submitted proposals ourth of July weekend: parades, Medicaid Services (CMS) released its payments for dialysis care and modifica- reflect breadth of kidney barbecues, fireworks—and the proposed rule recommending changes tions to the mandatory quality program. research Fannual release of proposed revi- to the ESRD program, adding 359 pages Several key areas of interest—both positive sions to the Medicare ESRD End-Stage of federal regulations to ASN’s Public and negative—are summarized here; fur- Renal Disease (ESRD) Prospective Pay- Policy Board’s and Quality Metrics Task ther analyses will be posted on ASN’s web- ment System (PPS) and Quality Incen- Force’s holiday weekend reading. site. The society will provide CMS with detailed recommendations for improve- tive Program (QIP). On Wednesday, Since then, the task force and policy ment to ensure patients continue to have July 2, the Centers for Medicare & board assessed proposed changes to both access to the highest quality care possible within the Medicare ESRD program. 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Advertiser: CryoLife Ad Title: HeRo Graft Job #: Ad Size: 10.5 x 14.5 Agency: Boyd Communications Agency Contact: Chris Mullen (323) 933-8383 Publication: ASn Kidney News Date: Material Deadline: August 2014 | ASN Kidney News | 3 many years. But in neonates weighing and single-pass albumin dialysis, and also need to validate that it adequately clears Renal Machine more than 2 kg and admitted to neonatal provide fluid management after cardiac solutes at lower flow rates and with small Continued from page 1 intensive care units, the incidence has been surgery. catheters. “It will be important in babies estimated in one study at 16 percent, and that are anuric to make sure we’re remov- it may be much higher than that. (4 French) catheter into the femoral vein CARPEDIEM advantages and ing enough toxins, too.” Timothy Bunchman, MD, profes- and began postdilution continuous veno- cautions Both Laskin and Bunchman said they sor and director of pediatric nephrology venous hemofiltration with CARPEDI- were disappointed that the research report at Virginia Commonwealth University Bunchman said that a system with a 52- EM at a flow rate of 9–13 mL/min and involved only one patient. “Through the School of Medicine in Richmond and co- mL extracorporeal circuit is approved in a daily clearance between 2.2 and 2.8 L, rumor mill, I know they’ve used it on four chair of an April 2013 National Institutes Europe, “but the CARPEDIEM is literally which was an exchange volume close to or five kids,” Bunchman said. of Health workshop on neonatal AKI, told half that volume. It’s 27 milliliters…. It al- the patient’s total body water. Although PD will remain the most ASN Kidney News, “The incidence is huge. lows one to safely and easily do extracor- The researchers reported that there was commonly used form of dialysis in infants It’s anywhere between 10 to 80 percent, poreal therapies in kids probably down to no clotting or functional decay in the cir- worldwide because of simplicity and ac- depending on what population you look at about 2 kilos.” cuit, nor did any blood contact reactions cess to resources, “This actually will add a and literature you use.” Of those, “maybe But he thinks that problems with typi- occur during treatments. niche, but in only certain countries” with only 5 percent” require dialysis. cal larger catheters may be magnified with By day 10, the fluid overload was higher incomes and a high level of medi- But that 5 percent is still a large niche the smaller ones. “You can have hemolysis. brought down to 33 percent, and at the cal sophistication, said Bunchman. He ad- for which options have been lacking. “It’s Literally placing the thing is the difficult end of CRRT on day 25 it was 12 percent. vised that more nondialytic therapies need a breakthrough in an area that’s very dif- part—getting a small catheter in some of Similarly, serum creatinine and bilirubin to be developed, some of which are already ficult,” Bunchman said. these small guys,” he said. “So placement, concentrations and severe acidosis were all Peritoneal dialysis (PD) will still be the flow characteristics, destruction [of blood coming along. Even in richer, more devel- managed safely and effectively. The baby treatment of choice for most infants need- elements], occlusion, clotting, infection— oped countries, “This is not going to be in was discharged from the hospital at 59 ing renal replacement therapy. “But we all those are risk factors associated with the the community [hospitals]. This is going days of age with some mild renal insuffi- can’t use it in all situations,” said Laskin, smaller catheters.” to be at university and tertiary-based cent- ciency that did not require renal replace- who wrote an editorial to accompany On the other hand, lower-volume cir- ers completely,” he predicted. ment therapy. The Lancet article. He cited situations in cuits can be a good thing. Laskin said that Even there, and considering that “the The researchers concluded that CRRT which neonates have had abdominal sur- CARPEDIEM avoids problems associated pediatric neonatologists are very excited,” with CARPEDIEM is “feasible, accurate, gery, instances in which metabolic toxins with larger circuits.