DOCSLIB.ORG

Erstellung Einer Warnliste in Deutschland Noch Nicht Vorkommender Invasiver Tiere Und Pflanzen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Erstellung Einer Warnliste in Deutschland Noch Nicht Vorkommender Invasiver Tiere Und Pflanzen Wolfgang Rabitsch, Stephan Gollasch, Maike Isermann, Uwe Starfinger und Stefan Nehring Erstellung einer Warnliste in Deutschland noch nicht vorkommender invasiver Tiere und Pflanzen BfN-Skripten 331 2013 Erstellung einer Warnliste in Deutschland noch nicht vorkommender invasiver Tiere und Pflanzen Ergebnisse aus dem F+E-Vorhaben (FKZ 3510 86 0500) Wolfgang Rabitsch Stephan Gollasch Maike Isermann Uwe Starfinger Stefan Nehring Titelbild: Vier in Deutschland noch nicht vorkommende invasive Arten der Schwarzen Liste – Warnliste (v.l.o.n.r.u.): Die südamerikanische Wasserhyazinthe (Eichhornia crassipes), das nordamerikanische Grauhörnchen (Sciurus carolinensis), der nordamerikanische Viril- Flusskrebs (Orconectes virilis) und die ostasiatische Fingerblättrige Akebie (Akebia quina- ta). (© S. Nehring). Adresse der Autorin und Autoren: Dr. Wolfgang Rabitsch: Umweltbundesamt, Abt. Biologische Vielfalt & Naturschutz, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Wien; E-Mail: [email protected] Dr. Stephan Gollasch GoConsult, Grosse Brunnenstrasse 61, 22763 Hamburg; E-Mail: [email protected] PD Dr. Maike Isermann Universität Bremen, Vegetationsökologie und Naturschutz- biologie, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen; E-Mail: [email protected] Dr. Uwe Starfinger Königsberger Strasse 17, 12207 Berlin; E-Mail: [email protected] Dr. Stefan Nehring Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Konstantinstrasse 110, 53179 Bonn; E-Mail: [email protected] Fachbetreuung im BfN: Dr. Stefan Nehring FG II 1.2 „Botanischer Artenschutz“ Das Vorhaben wurde vom BfN mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reak- torsicherheit (BMU) gefördert. Die Beiträge der Skripten werden aufgenommen in die Literaturdatenbank „DNL-online“ (www.dnl- online.de). BfN-Skripten sind nicht im Buchhandel erhältlich. Herausgeber: Bundesamt für Naturschutz Konstantinstr. 110 53179 Bonn Telefon: 0228/8491-0 Fax: 0228/8491-9999 URL: www.bfn.de Der Herausgeber übernimmt keine Gewähr für die Richtigkeit, die Genauigkeit und Vollständigkeit der Angaben sowie für die Beachtung privater Rechte Dritter. Die in den Beiträgen geäußerten Ansichten und Meinungen müssen nicht mit denen des Herausge- bers übereinstimmen. Nachdruck, auch in Auszügen, nur mit Genehmigung des BfN. Druck: BMU-Druckerei Gedruckt auf 100% Altpapier ISBN 978-3-89624-066-8 Bonn - Bad Godesberg 2013 Inhaltsverzeichnis INHALTSVERZEICHNIS VORWORT .................................................................................................. 3 1 EINLEITUNG UND FRAGESTELLUNG ........................................ 5 2 MATERIAL UND METHODEN ...................................................... 7 2.1 Teil A - In Deutschland noch nicht vorkommende Arten ..................... 7 2.1.1 Die EPPO-Listen ........................................................................................ 8 2.1.2 Datenbanken .............................................................................................. 8 2.1.3 Arten im Handel und in Kultur .................................................................... 9 2.1.4 Arten des Donaueinzugsgebietes ............................................................ 11 2.1.5 Ergänzende Erläuterungen zu den Angaben im Teil A ............................ 12 2.2 Teil B - Invasivitätseinstufungen .......................................................... 13 2.3 Danksagung ............................................................................................ 13 3 ERGEBNISSE .............................................................................. 14 3.1 Teil A - In Deutschland noch nicht vorkommende Arten ................... 14 3.1.1 Phytoplankton und Makroalgen ................................................................ 14 3.1.2 Gefäßpflanzen und Tiere ......................................................................... 15 3.2 Teil B - Invasivitätseinstufungen .......................................................... 16 4 DISKUSSION ............................................................................... 20 4.1 Schlussfolgerungen und Handlungsempfehlungen ........................... 20 4.2 Anmerkungen zum Kriteriensystem .................................................... 21 4.2.1 Allgemeine Angaben ................................................................................ 21 4.2.1.1 Systematik und Nomenklatur ................................................................... 21 4.2.1.2 Status ....................................................................................................... 22 4.2.2 Zusatzkriterien .......................................................................................... 22 4.2.2.1 Aktuelle Verbreitung ................................................................................. 22 4.2.2.2 Sofortmaßnahmen / Maßnahmen ............................................................ 22 4.2.2.3 Reproduktionspotenzial / Ausbreitungspotenzial ..................................... 23 4.2.3 Ergänzende Angaben .............................................................................. 23 5 LITERATUR ................................................................................. 24 6 STECKBRIEFE GEBIETSFREMDER ARTEN ............................ 28 7 ANHANG ................................................................................... 114 7.1 In Deutschland noch nicht vorkommende Arten .............................. 114 7.1.1 Phytoplankton und Makroalgen .............................................................. 114 7.1.2 Gefäßpflanzen ........................................................................................ 122 7.1.3 Tiere ....................................................................................................... 126 7.2 Tierarten in zoologischen Einrichtungen .......................................... 139 7.3 Flusskrebsarten im deutschen Tierhandel ........................................ 141 7.4 Exotische Terrarientiere ...................................................................... 143 7.5 Ameisen ................................................................................................ 150 7.6 Exotische Aquarientiere ...................................................................... 153 1 2 Vorwort VORWORT Das Auftreten von Arten außerhalb ihres natürlichen Verbreitungsgebietes infolge menschlicher Aktivitäten wie Handel, Transport und Verkehr gilt weltweit als eine wichtige Ursache für den Verlust biologischer Vielfalt. Das Gefährdungspotential wächst mit der fortschreitenden Globalisierung der Märkte und der Zunahme des weltweiten Handels und Warenaustausches sowie des Fernreiseverkehrs. Vorliegende Erkenntnisse belegen, dass in Mitteleuropa und speziell in Deutschland immer mehr dieser gebietsfremden Arten in der freien Natur auftreten. Insbesondere die invasiven Arten unter ihnen stellen dabei durch ihre erhebliche Gefährdung der natürlich vorkommenden Ökosysteme, Biotope oder Arten ein relevantes Problem im Naturschutz dar. Im Rahmen der Konvention zur Erhaltung der biologischen Vielfalt haben sich die Vertragsstaaten verpflichtet, Vorsorge gegen invasive Arten zu leisten, sie zu kontrollieren oder zu bekämpfen. Grundsätzlich gilt hierbei, dass Vorsorgemaßnahmen bei weitem kosteneffizienter und vom Umweltstandpunkt erstrebenswerter sind als Maßnahmen, die nach der Einbringung und Etablierung einer invasiven Art getroffen werden. Aus diesem Grund sollte der Verhinderung der Einbringung von invasiven Arten innerhalb und zwischen Staaten Priorität eingeräumt werden. Wesentliche Voraussetzung für effiziente Vorsorgemaßnahmen ist jedoch, die betreffenden invasiven Arten eindeutig benennen zu können. Durch das in Zusammenarbeit mit dem österreichischen Umweltbundesamt im Jahr 2010 entwickelte Instrument zur Bewertung des Gefährdungspotentials gebietsfremder Arten auf die biologische Vielfalt steht dem Naturschutz eine Methode zur Verfügung, die Invasivität gebietsfremder Arten auch schon im Vorfeld einer möglichen Etablierung bestimmen zu können. Im Rahmen eines weiteren gemeinsamen F+E-Vorhabens zum Thema "Invasive Arten" wurden gezielt gebietsfremde Arten ausgewählt, die bisher in Deutschland nicht wild lebend vorkommen und für die es Hinweise gibt, dass sie eine Gefahr für die biologische Vielfalt darstellen können. Mit dem vorliegenden BfN-Skript werden die Ergebnisse des Vorhabens vorgelegt. Insgesamt konnten 26 gebietsfremde Tier- und Pflanzenarten identifiziert werden, für die bei ihrem Auftreten negative Auswirkungen auf die heimische Fauna und Flora zu erwarten sind. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse mit Aufstellung einer entsprechenden Warnliste stärken die Forderung nach einer konsequenten Umsetzung des Vorsorgeprinzips beim zukünftigen Umgang mit gebietsfremden Arten. Ich hoffe, dass das Gutachten entsprechende Fachdiskussionen belebt und eine wichtige Grundlage für Entscheidungen von Naturschutzbehörden und anderen mit der Problematik befassten Akteuren wird. Prof. Dr. Beate Jessel Präsidentin des Bundesamtes für Naturschutz 3 4 1 Einleitung und Fragestellung 1 EINLEITUNG UND FRAGESTELLUNG Mit dem in Kraft treten der Novelle des deutschen Bundesnaturschutzgesetzes (BNatSchG) am 1. März 2010 wurde eine neue, verbesserte Regelung im Umgang mit gebietsfremden Arten geschaffen. Die Gefährdung der Natur durch bisher nicht vorkommende oder invasive Arten soll möglichst verhindert werden (§ 40 Abs. 1 BNatSchG). Neu auftretende Arten, die Ökosysteme, Biotope oder Arten gefährden (= invasive Arten), sollen durch Sofortmaßnahmen
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Small Number of Workers with Specific Personality Traits Perform Tool Use in Ants Istva´ N Maa´ K1,2, Garyk Roelandt3, Patrizia D’Ettorre3,4*
    RESEARCH ARTICLE A small number of workers with specific personality traits perform tool use in ants Istva´ n Maa´ k1,2, Garyk Roelandt3, Patrizia d’Ettorre3,4* 1Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; 2Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland; 3Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Ethology UR 4443, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France; 4Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France Abstract Ants use debris as tools to collect and transport liquid food to the nest. Previous studies showed that this behaviour is flexible whereby ants learn to use artificial material that is novel to them and select tools with optimal soaking properties. However, the process of tool use has not been studied at the individual level. We investigated whether workers specialise in tool use and whether there is a link between individual personality traits and tool use in the ant Aphaenogaster senilis. Only a small number of workers performed tool use and they did it repeatedly, although they also collected solid food. Personality predicted the probability to perform tool use: ants that showed higher exploratory activity and were more attracted to a prey in the personality tests became the new tool users when previous tool users were removed from the group. This suggests that, instead of extreme task specialisation, variation in personality traits within the colony may improve division of labour. Introduction Tool use is a widespread phenomenon within the animal kingdom (Shumaker et al., 2011; Sanz et al., 2013) and new examples of animal tool use are regularly discovered, such as recently in *For correspondence: [email protected] pigs (Root-Bernstein et al., 2019) and seabirds (Fayet et al., 2020).
    [Show full text]
  • New Alien Crayfish Species in Central Europe
    NEW ALIEN CRAYFISH SPECIES IN CENTRAL EUROPE Introduction pathways, life histories, and ecological impacts DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. der Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften der Universität Ulm vorgelegt von Christoph Chucholl aus Rosenheim Ulm 2012 NEW ALIEN CRAYFISH SPECIES IN CENTRAL EUROPE Introduction pathways, life histories, and ecological impacts DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. der Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften der Universität Ulm vorgelegt von Christoph Chucholl aus Rosenheim Ulm 2012 Amtierender Dekan: Prof. Dr. Axel Groß Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Manfred Ayasse Zweitgutachter: Prof. apl. Dr. Gerhard Maier Tag der Prüfung: 16.7.2012 Cover picture: Orconectes immunis male (blue color morph) (photo courtesy of Dr. H. Bellmann) Table of contents Part 1 – Summary Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 Invasive alien species – a global menace ....................................................................... 1 “Invasive” matters .......................................................................................................... 2 Crustaceans – successful invaders .................................................................................. 4 The case of alien crayfish in Europe .............................................................................. 5 New versus Old alien crayfish .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Malelane Safari Lodge, Kruger National Park
    INVERTEBRATE SPECIALIST REPORT Prepared For: Malelane Safari Lodge, Kruger National Park Dalerwa Ventures for Wildlife cc P. O. Box 1424 Hoedspruit 1380 Fax: 086 212 6424 Cell (Elize) 074 834 1977 Cell (Ian): 084 722 1988 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 3 2. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT .................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Safari Lodge Development .................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Invertebrate Specialist Report ............................................................................................................... 5 2.2 TERMS OF REFERENCE ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 DESCRIPTION OF SITE AND SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................... 8 3. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................. 9 3.1 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Atta Sexdens Rubropilosa and Acromyrmex Subterraneus Molestans (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Rafael C
    Int. J. Indust. Entomol. 32(1) 26-34 (2016) IJIE ISSN 1598-3579, http://dx.doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2016.32.1.26 Potential use of essential oils to control the leaf-cutting ants; Atta sexdens rubropilosa and Acromyrmex subterraneus molestans (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Rafael C. Ribeiro1 and Hany A. Fouad2* 1Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil 2Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Sohag University, 82786, Sohag, Egypt. Abstract The present study was developed in order to evaluate the effect of five essential oils on the workers of the leaf-cutting ants; Atta sexdens rubropilosa and Acromyrmex subterraneus molestans by contact with a treated surface and ingestion with a treated leaves.. The essential oils of cinnamon, clove and mustard had generally more effective with 5, 10 and 15% concentrations after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h against workers of A. sexdens rubropilosa and A. subterraneus molestans in contact bioassay, but mustard was the most effective in ingestion bioassay on both species. On the other hand, there was no significant difference among the Received : 15 Feb 2016 essential oils with 1% concentration and control after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment in contact Accepted : 21 Mar 2016 and ingestion bioassays against workers of A. sexdens rubropilosa. However, Andiroba oil had Keywords: less efficiency values in all concentrations been used. Therefore, the essential oils of mustard, Botanical insecticides, cinnamon and clove have contact and ingestion effects on workers of A. sexdens rubropilosa bioassays, and A. subterraneus molestans, and may be promising on the leaf-cutting ant control.
    [Show full text]
  • Short Term Response of Ants to the Removal of Ground Cover in Organic Olive Orchards
    Eur. J. Entomol. 108: 417–423, 2011 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1632 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Short term response of ants to the removal of ground cover in organic olive orchards MERCEDES CAMPOS1, LUISA FERNÁNDEZ1, FRANCISCA RUANO3, BELÉN COTES1, MANUEL CÁRDENAS1 and JUAN CASTRO2 1Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, (CSIC) C/Profesor Albareda n° 1, 18008 – Granada, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] 2IFAPA Centro Camino de Purchil, CAP (Junta de Andalucia), P.O. Box 2027, 18080 – Granada, Spain 3Department of Animal Biology, University of Granada, 18071 – Granada, Spain Key words. Hymenoptera, Formicidae, disturbance, biodiversity, soil management Abstract. Ants are the most abundant group of soil arthropods in olive groves where they are involved in various trophic relation- ships of great importance for crops. The system of soil management is one agricultural practice that has a great effect on ants, so the objective of this study was to compare ant populations in organic olive orchards with a ground cover of natural vegetation and others where this natural vegetation is mechanically removed at the beginning of June. Ants were sampled using pitfall traps at 14, 30, 70 and 90 days after the removal of the ground vegetation. Overall, ant biodiversity did not change. However, changes were observed in the abundance of ant species, in particular, in those species that build shallow nests in the soil, both between the rows of trees and under the canopy of olive trees. In contrast, deep nesting species, such as Messor barbarus, were not affected.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Indian Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Himender Bharti
    List of Indian Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Himender Bharti Department of Zoology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India - 147002. (email: [email protected]/[email protected]) (www.antdiversityindia.com) Abstract Ants of India are enlisted herewith. This has been carried due to major changes in terms of synonymies, addition of new taxa, recent shufflings etc. Currently, Indian ants are represented by 652 valid species/subspecies falling under 87 genera grouped into 12 subfamilies. Keywords: Ants, India, Hymenoptera, Formicidae. Introduction The following 652 valid species/subspecies of myrmecology. This species list is based upon the ants are known to occur in India. Since Bingham’s effort of many ant collectors as well as Fauna of 1903, ant taxonomy has undergone major myrmecologists who have published on the taxonomy changes in terms of synonymies, discovery of new of Indian ants and from inputs provided by taxa, shuffling of taxa etc. This has lead to chaotic myrmecologists from other parts of world. However, state of affairs in Indian scenario, many lists appeared the other running/dynamic list continues to appear on web without looking into voluminous literature on http://www.antweb.org/india.jsp, which is which has surfaced in last many years and currently periodically updated and contains information about the pace at which new publications are appearing in new/unconfirmed taxa, still to be published or verified. Subfamily Genus Species and subspecies Aenictinae Aenictus 28 Amblyoponinae Amblyopone 3 Myopopone
    [Show full text]
  • The Functions and Evolution of Social Fluid Exchange in Ant Colonies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Marie-Pierre Meurville & Adria C
    ISSN 1997-3500 Myrmecological News myrmecologicalnews.org Myrmecol. News 31: 1-30 doi: 10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:001 13 January 2021 Review Article Trophallaxis: the functions and evolution of social fluid exchange in ant colonies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Marie-Pierre Meurville & Adria C. LeBoeuf Abstract Trophallaxis is a complex social fluid exchange emblematic of social insects and of ants in particular. Trophallaxis behaviors are present in approximately half of all ant genera, distributed over 11 subfamilies. Across biological life, intra- and inter-species exchanged fluids tend to occur in only the most fitness-relevant behavioral contexts, typically transmitting endogenously produced molecules adapted to exert influence on the receiver’s physiology or behavior. Despite this, many aspects of trophallaxis remain poorly understood, such as the prevalence of the different forms of trophallaxis, the components transmitted, their roles in colony physiology and how these behaviors have evolved. With this review, we define the forms of trophallaxis observed in ants and bring together current knowledge on the mechanics of trophallaxis, the contents of the fluids transmitted, the contexts in which trophallaxis occurs and the roles these behaviors play in colony life. We identify six contexts where trophallaxis occurs: nourishment, short- and long-term decision making, immune defense, social maintenance, aggression, and inoculation and maintenance of the gut microbiota. Though many ideas have been put forth on the evolution of trophallaxis, our analyses support the idea that stomodeal trophallaxis has become a fixed aspect of colony life primarily in species that drink liquid food and, further, that the adoption of this behavior was key for some lineages in establishing ecological dominance.
    [Show full text]
  • REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA DE LAS HORMIGAS Tapinoma Förster (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE: DOLICHODERINAE) EN LA REGIÓN NEOTROPICAL
    UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE VENEZUELA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POSTGRADO EN ZOOLOGÍA REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA DE LAS HORMIGAS Tapinoma Förster (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE: DOLICHODERINAE) EN LA REGIÓN NEOTROPICAL Tesis Doctoral presentado ante la ilustre Universidad Central de Venezuela por el Ldo. Roberto José Guerrero Flórez, para optar al título de Doctor en Ciencias Tutor (es): Juan Carlos Navarro, Ph. D. Fernando Fernández, Ph. D (ICN-UN, Colombia) Caracas – Venezuela Octubre de 2017 2 3 RESUMEN Las hormigas del género Tapinoma son un elemento conspicuo adentro de la subfamilia Dolichoderinae. Estas hormigas son cosmopolitas, exhibiendo una mayor riqueza de especies en las regiones paleotropicales, no obstante, la región Neotropical alberga una fauna considerable de especies de Tapinoma. Por primera vez y tomando en consideración las especies de la región Neotropical, se revisan taxonómicamente las especies del género Tapinoma. El análisis morfológico, datos de distribución y en algunos casos la integración de información ecológica, respaldan la delimitación de 10 especies distribuidas en cuatro grupos de especies (Grupo Litorale, Grupo Melanocephalum, Grupo Ramulorum y Grupo Sessile), de los cuales Litorale y Ramulorum albergan el mayor número de especies Neotropicales. El esquema taxonómico es el siguiente: Tapinoma amazonae Wheeler, W.M. 1934, Tapinoma atriceps Emery, 1888 (=Tapinoma atriceps breviscapus Forel, 1908), Tapinoma inrectum Forel, 1908 (estatus revisado y revivido), T. litorae Wheeler, 1905 (=litorale cubaensis Wheeler, W.M. 1913, nuevo sinónimo; =panamense Wheeler, W.M. 1934, nuevo sinónimo), T. melanocephalum (Fabricius, 1793) (=T. luffae (Kuriam 1955), nuevo sinónimo; =T. melanocephalum coronatum Forel, 1908, nuevo sinónimo; =T. melanocephalum malesianum Forel, 1913, nuevo sinónimo), T. opacum Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914, T.
    [Show full text]
  • Том 16. Вып. 2 Vol. 16. No. 2
    РОССИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК Южный научный центр RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Southern Scientific Centre CAUCASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL BULLETIN Том 16. Вып. 2 Vol. 16. No. 2 Ростов-на-Дону 2020 Кавказский энтомологический бюллетень 16(2): 381–389 © Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 2020 Contribution of wet zone coconut plantations and non-agricultural lands to the conservation of ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Sri Lanka © R.K.S. Dias, W.P.S.P. Premadasa Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600 Sri Lanka. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. Agricultural practices are blamed for the reduction of ant diversity on earth. Contribution of four coconut plantations (CP) and four non-agricultural lands (NL) for sustaining diversity and relative abundance of ground-dwelling and ground-foraging ants was investigated by surveying them from May to October, 2018, in a CP and a NL in Minuwangoda, Mirigama, Katana and Veyangoda in Gampaha District that lies in the wet zone, Sri Lanka. Worker ants were surveyed by honey baiting and soil sifting along two transects at three, 50 m2 plots in each type of land. Workers were identified using standard methods and frequency of each ant species observed by each method was recorded. Percentage frequency of occurrence observed by each method, mean percentage frequency of occurrence of each ant species and proportional abundance of each species in each ant community were calculated. Species richness recorded by both methods at each CP was 14–19 whereas that recorded at each NL was 17–23. Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index values (Hʹ, CP: 2.06–2.36; NL: 2.11–2.56) and Shannon- Wiener Equitability Index values (Jʹ, CP: 0.73–0.87; NL: 0.7–0.88) showed a considerable diversity and evenness of ant communities at both types of lands.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing Biodiverse Green Roofs for Japan: Arthropod and Colonizer Plant Diversity on Harappa and Biotope Roofs
    20182018 Green RoofsUrban and Naturalist Urban Biodiversity SpecialSpecial Issue No. Issue 1:16–38 No. 1 A. Nagase, Y. Yamada, T. Aoki, and M. Nomura URBAN NATURALIST Developing Biodiverse Green Roofs for Japan: Arthropod and Colonizer Plant Diversity on Harappa and Biotope Roofs Ayako Nagase1,*, Yoriyuki Yamada2, Tadataka Aoki2, and Masashi Nomura3 Abstract - Urban biodiversity is an important ecological goal that drives green-roof in- stallation. We studied 2 kinds of green roofs designed to optimize biodiversity benefits: the Harappa (extensive) roof and the Biotope (intensive) roof. The Harappa roof mimics vacant-lot vegetation. It is relatively inexpensive, is made from recycled materials, and features community participation in the processes of design, construction, and mainte- nance. The Biotope roof includes mainly native and host plant species for arthropods, as well as water features and stones to create a wide range of habitats. This study is the first to showcase the Harappa roof and to compare biodiversity on Harappa and Biotope roofs. Arthropod species richness was significantly greater on the Biotope roof. The Harappa roof had dynamic seasonal changes in vegetation and mainly provided habitats for grassland fauna. In contrast, the Biotope roof provided stable habitats for various arthropods. Herein, we outline a set of testable hypotheses for future comparison of these different types of green roofs aimed at supporting urban biodiversity. Introduction Rapid urban growth and associated anthropogenic environmental change have been identified as major threats to biodiversity at a global scale (Grimm et al. 2008, Güneralp and Seto 2013). Green roofs can partially compensate for the loss of green areas by replacing impervious rooftop surfaces and thus, contribute to urban biodiversity (Brenneisen 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Chromosome Numbers in Spanish Formicidae (Hymenoptera) IV
    331 Chromosome Numbers in Spanish Formicidae (Hymenoptera) IV. New data of Species from the Genera Camponotus, Formica, Lasius, Messor, and Monomorium by Pedro Lorite1, Jose A. Carrillo1, Alberto Tinaut2 and Teresa Palomeque1 ABSTRACT In this paper we report new karyological data from seven species belonging to subfamilies Formicinae and Myrmicinae. Among them we include two that are considered as endemic Iberian species, Formica frontalis and Formica subrufa. Also the chromosome number of Formica gerardi is reported. In Lasius brunneus, a variation on chromosome number probably due to the presence of B-chromosomes was detected. For two other species (Camponotus cruentatus and Messor barbarus) we found different chromosome numbers from those previously published. Also we confirm the chromosome number reported for Monomorium subopacum. INTRODUCTION Hymenoptera form one of the most distinct and well-defined insect orders and have long been perceived as a natural group. Haplo-diploidy or male haploidy is the main characteristic of the order (Crozier 1975, Gauld & Bolton 1988). Several studies have been carried about cytogenetic aspects of ants. A wide variation has been observed in relation to the chromosome number (n=1 to n=42). Karyological analysis has proved to be useful to determine the karyotypic relationship and evolution between related species (Imai 1971, Loiselle et al. 1990, Palomeque et al. 1988, 1993) as well for the establishment and characterization of new species (Imai et al. 1994). In recent years our group have performed studies in Spanish Formicidae. In relation to this, we have published several reviews of chromosome numbers (Lorite et al. 1998a, 1998b, 2000). In this paper we report new karyological data from seven species from the Formicinae 1 Departamento de Biología Experimental.
    [Show full text]
  • Myrmecological News
    ISSN 1994-4136 (print) ISSN 1997-3500 (online) Myrmecological News Volume 26 February 2018 Schriftleitung / editors Florian M. STEINER, Herbert ZETTEL & Birgit C. SCHLICK-STEINER Fachredakteure / subject editors Jens DAUBER, Falko P. DRIJFHOUT, Evan ECONOMO, Heike FELDHAAR, Nicholas J. GOTELLI, Heikki O. HELANTERÄ, Daniel J.C. KRONAUER, John S. LAPOLLA, Philip J. LESTER, Timothy A. LINKSVAYER, Alexander S. MIKHEYEV, Ivette PERFECTO, Christian RABELING, Bernhard RONACHER, Helge SCHLÜNS, Chris R. SMITH, Andrew V. SUAREZ Wissenschaftliche Beratung / editorial advisory board Barry BOLTON, Jacobus J. BOOMSMA, Alfred BUSCHINGER, Daniel CHERIX, Jacques H.C. DELABIE, Katsuyuki EGUCHI, Xavier ESPADALER, Bert HÖLLDOBLER, Ajay NARENDRA, Zhanna REZNIKOVA, Michael J. SAMWAYS, Bernhard SEIFERT, Philip S. WARD Eigentümer, Herausgeber, Verleger / publisher © 2018 Österreichische Gesellschaft für Entomofaunistik c/o Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, 1010 Wien, Österreich (Austria) Myrmecological News 26 65-80 Vienna, February 2018 Natural history and nest architecture of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex (Hymeno ptera: Formicidae) Ana JEšOVNIK, Júlio CHAUL & Ted SCHULTZ Abstract The fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini) contains 11 species distributed from northern Mexico to southern Brazil. Within their nests, all Sericomyrmex species grow highly specialized, obligately symbiotic fungi, which they use for food. Sericomyrmex is the youngest fungus-farming ant genus, the product of a recent, rapid radiation, with a crown-group age estimate of 4.3 million years. We review the literature and report newly acquired data on the natural history of Sericomyrmex, with a focus on nesting biology. We present data for 19 collected nests (16 complete and three partial excavations) of seven different Sericomyrmex species from Mexico, Costa Rica, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil.
    [Show full text]