Amanda Nunes Do Amaral

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Amanda Nunes Do Amaral UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS REGIONAL GOIÂNIA FACULDADE DE LETRAS ESPECIALIZAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS LITERÁRIOS E ENSINO DE LITERATURA AMANDA NUNES DO AMARAL DE CODENAME VILLANELLE A KILLING EVE: TRAÇANDO RELAÇÕES INTERSEMIÓTICAS ENTRE LITERATURA E TV Goiânia/GO 2020 AMANDA NUNES DO AMARAL DE CODENAME VILLANELLE A KILLING EVE: TRAÇANDO RELAÇÕES INTERSEMIÓTICAS ENTRE LITERATURA E TV Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Curso de Especialização em Estudos Literários e Ensino de Literatura, da Faculdade de Letras, da Universidade Federal de Goiás, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Especialista em Estudos Literários e Ensino de Literatura. Orientadora: Profa. Dra Neuda Alves do Lago. Goiânia/GO 2020 AMANDA NUNES DO AMARAL DE CODENAME VILLANELLE A KILLING EVE: TRAÇANDO RELAÇÕES INTERSEMIÓTICAS ENTRE LITERATURA E TV Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Curso de Especialização em Estudos Literários e Ensino de Literatura, da Faculdade de Letras, da Universidade Federal de Goiás, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Especialista em Estudos Literários e Ensino de Literatura, avaliado pela Banca Examinadora constituída pelos seguintes professores: ____________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra Neuda Alves do Lago – UFG Presidente da banca ____________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Vanessa Gomes Franca – UFG Membro ____________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Flávio Pereira Camargo – UFG Membro Data de aprovação:____/_____/_____ SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO.......................................................................................................................05 1. LITERATURA E TV: TRAÇANDO RELAÇÕES INTERSEMIÓTICAS .................07 1.1 A thriller novel de Luke Jennings.......................................................................................11 1.2 A adaptação de Phoebe Waller-Bridge...............................................................................13 2. A TRADUÇÃO INTERSEMIÓTICA...............................................................................14 3. DE CODENAME VILLANELLE A KILLING EVE......................................................17 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS.................................................................................................24 REFERÊNCIAS ...................................................................................................................25 DE CODENAME VILLANELLE A KILLING EVE: TRAÇANDO RELAÇÕES INTERSEMIÓTICAS ENTRE LITERATURA E TV Resumo Este ensaio teve por objetivo investigar a transposição dos signos literários para os signos audiovisuais à luz da semiótica peirceana, refletindo de que modo a adaptação Killing Eve de Phoebe Waller-Bridge traduz determinados códigos presentes no thriller Codename Villanelle de Luke Jennings, procedimento que aqui foi entendido enquanto tradução intersemiótica. A análise teve como foco a construção identitária das protagonistas, investigando, portanto, de que modo e quais estratégias audiovisuais transcriam certos aspectos sensíveis da obra literária, a saber, as características psicológicas e subjetivas envolvidas na concepção das personagens. Palavras-chave: Adaptação. Tradução intersemiótica. Signos literários. Signos audiovisuais. INTRODUÇÃO Codename Villanelle (2018), base para a série televisiva Killing Eve, é uma compilação de quatro romances eletrônicos publicados em sequência, são eles: Codename Villanelle (2014), Villanelle: Hollowpoint (2014), Villanelle: Shanghai (2015) e Odessa (2016). Seu criador, Luke Jennings, é escritor e jornalista britânico, autor de Blood Knots e finalista dos prêmios Samuel Johnson e William Hill. Como jornalista, já escreveu para The Observer, Vanity Fair, The New Yorker e Time. Codename Villanelle é um thriller sobre perseguição, espionagem, crime e psicopatia. O romance se desenrola a partir da tensão entre dois polos contraditórios, situados em diferentes eixos narrativos, o universo da criminosa e o universo da detetive: Oksana Vorontsova, uma assassina psicopata de codinome Villanelle, e Eve Polastri, uma agente do serviço secreto de inteligência britânica contratada para encontrá- la. Fazendo o uso do discurso indireto livre, o narrador-onisciente imerge no interior das personagens, acessando plenamente seus pensamentos, emoções e conflitos internos. Na dimensão ficcional do enredo, o ponto de tensão se situa na expectativa de convergência entre os universos antagônicos das personagens centrais. De um lado, a vida ordinária e previsível de Eve, paradoxalmente marcada pelo fascínio por assassinas profissionais; do outro, a crueldade e insensibilidade de Villanelle, consciente de seu passado e das fragilidades que atravessaram sua trajetória. No romance de Luke Jennings, a resolução do mistério é pano de fundo para a construção subjetiva das personagens, de modo que foi essa mesma a principal referência utilizada para a recriação da narrativa no plano audiovisual. De acordo com Maria do Rosário Leitão Lupi Bello (2005, p. 107), ambas as formas 5 artísticas - literária e audiovisual - intentam “suscitar a criação de um outro mundo possível”. A literatura o faz por meio da palavra escrita. Através da sugestão, cria imagens na mente do leitor; o audiovisual utiliza a imagem em movimento, é, portanto, mais perceptual. Em razão da possibilidade de mostrar as características físicas do mundo empírico, a TV possui maior facilidade em representar as ações objetivas da experiência humana, e uma maior dificuldade em transmitir assuntos subjetivos. Os elementos imateriais não podem ser localizados de modo cronológico, espacial ou tangível e, consequentemente, não podem ser facilmente representados através de cores e formas concretas. É, pois, um desafio transmitir a complexidade do mundo interior do personagem para o plano audiovisual. Em vista disso, objetivou-se investigar, a partir dos estudos semióticos do teórico Charles Sanders Peirce, os signos verbais e audiovisuais implicados no processo de recriação dos aspectos identitários das personagens principais do romance Codename Villanelle em sua adaptação para a TV: Killing Eve. Considerou-se a adaptação enquanto procedimento de tradução intersemiótica. Com o objetivo de alcançar o diálogo que se estabelece entre a obra literária e a série televisiva – bem como o processo de adaptação – foram aplicados os conceitos da semiótica peirceana, de modo que fosse possível compreender literatura e TV enquanto diferentes sistemas da linguagem, que produzem formas distintas de significar, isto é, sistemas semióticos que operam signos específicos para produzir representações singulares. Como foi colocado adiante, segundo Peirce (2010), signo é tudo aquilo que assume o lugar de alguma coisa, que significa algo para alguém. É por meio dos signos que construímos a realidade. Um signo está sempre se desenvolvendo em outro signo, em uma situação de representação e significação. A partir disso, instaura-se o processo de tradução, em que um sistema de signos (TV) interpreta outro sistema de signos (literatura) e recodifica seu conteúdo, valendo-se da estrutura e elementos próprios de sua linguagem. Desse modo, transcria um produto novo e independente, ainda que conectado àquele que o originou. A obra literária utiliza signos verbais, enquanto a série televisiva representa a partir de signos visuais, verbais, gestuais e sonoros. Ambas intentam contar uma história, mas o fazem utilizando métodos distintos, dentro dos limites e possibilidades que cada sistema semiótico possui, suscitando assim, diferentes formas de experimentar a narrativa. A partir desse entendimento, a reflexão avançou para a abordagem de certas características estéticas e estruturais da obra literária e da série televisiva em questão, úteis na compreensão da análise que a sucedeu. Para o efeito do estudo, foram analisadas passagens do livro e cenas da primeira 6 temporada da série, observando os signos utilizados, bem como, as estratégias audiovisuais empregadas para interpretar os elementos literários presentes no thriller. Como foi dito, o foco da análise levou em conta, essencialmente, a concepção da identidade das personagens. 1. LITERATURA E TV: TRAÇANDO RELAÇÕES INTERSEMIÓTICAS A fim de compreender o processo de recriação do romance Codename Villanelle pela série televisiva Killing Eve, é útil refletir os diálogos que se estabelecem entre as formas estéticas literária e audiovisual e em que âmbito se dão suas aproximações e diferenciações, bem como os códigos da linguagem que cada uma opera, a saber, que signos utilizam e como esses signos são estruturados. Para tanto, interessa-nos buscar nos estudos semióticos1 de Charles Sanders Peirce a relação entre tais sistemas de linguagem e seus processos de significação, por conseguinte, o modo de atuação de seus signos. De acordo com Peirce (2010, p. 46, grifo do autor): “[u]m signo, ou representamen, é tudo aquilo que, sob certo aspecto ou modo representa algo para alguém. Dirige-se a alguém, isto é, cria na mente dessa pessoa um signo equivalente, ou talvez, um signo mais desenvolvido”. A imagem mental produzida a partir de um primeiro2 é chamado de interpretante do signo e o representado denomina-se seu objeto. Trata-se, portanto, de uma relação triádica, que caracteriza a ação contínua e ininterrupta do signo, bem como sua incompletude, uma vez que o significado de um signo é outro signo, isto é, o significado de uma representação será sempre outra representação. Dessa forma, todo signo gera um
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