<I>HIMATIONE SANGUINEA</I

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

<I>HIMATIONE SANGUINEA</I The Auk 117(3):731-738, 2000 EFFECTS OF MALARIA ON ACTIVITY BUDGETS OF EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED JUVENILE APAPANE (HIMATIONE SANGUINEA ) NANCY YORINKS 1'3AND CARTER t. ATKINSON TM •Departmentof Zoology,University of Wisconsin,Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; and 2UnitedStates Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, P.O. Box 218, HawaiiNational Park, Hawaii 96718, USA ABSTRACT.--Weused behavioral, physiological, and parasitological measures to document effectsof acute malarial infectionson activity budgetsof experimentallyinfected juvenile Apapane(Himatione sanguinea). Five of eightbirds died within 20 to 32 daysafter exposure to a singleinfective mosquito bite. InfectedApapane devoted less time to locomotoryactiv- itiesinvolving flight, walking or hopping,and stationary activities such as singing, preening, feeding,and probing. The amountof timespent sitting was positively correlated with par- asitemia and increaseddramatically after infection and between treatment and control groups.Birds that succumbedto infectionexperienced a significantloss of body massand subcutaneousfat, whereassurviving Apapane were better able to maintainbody condition and fat levels.When rechallenged with the parasitefive monthsafter initial infection,sur- viving birds experiencedno increasein parasitemia,indicating that they had becomeim- muneto reinfection.Regardless of theoutcome, infected birds experienced acute illness that would have left them unableto forageor to escapefrom predatorsin the wild. Received8 March 1999, accepted11 January2000. NATIVE HAWAIIAN forest birds were first ex- and abundanceof highly susceptiblenative for- posedto vector-borneparasitic diseases after estbirds (Scottet al. 1986,van Riper et al. 1986, the accidentalintroduction of mosquitoesin Atkinson et al. 1995). Most extant populations 1827 and the subsequentimportation of avian of Hawaiian honeycreepersare confined to pox virus and malaria (Plasmodiumrelictum) in shrinkingtracts of native forest at elevations cage birds and domestic fowl (Zimmerman above1,200 m, where coolertemperatures be- 1948,Warner 1968). Warner (1968) provided the gin to limit populationsof the primaryvector first detailed evidence that diseases from vec- of pox and malaria,Culex quinquefasciatus (Goff tor-bornepathogens were influencingnative and van Riper 1980,van Riper et al. 1986). forestbirds by exposingLaysan Finches (Teles- Recent surveys of native Hawaiian birds pizacantans) from a disease-freepopulation on have shownthat populationsof a few species LaysanIsland to mosquitoesat low elevations are able to survive in mid- and low-elevation on the island of Kauai. All cagedindividuals habitatsbelow 1,200m, where mosquitoesare died from fulminatingpox and malarial infec- seasonallycommon and malaria and pox trans- tions within 21 days of initial exposure,sug- missionhave become endemic, suggesting that gestingthat high vectorpopulations and a res- thebirds have developed resistance to lethalef- ervoir of disease in non-native birds main- fectsof the diseases(Scott et al. 1986,van Riper tained active cyclesof diseasetransmission at et al. 1986, Jarvi et al. 2000). On the island of these elevations. Studies conducted since then have shown Hawaii, Apapane (Himationesanguinea) and Hawaii Amakihi (Hemignathusvirens) are the thatpox and malaria,in conjunctionwith hab- itat destruction and the introduction of mam- only honeycreepersstill commonlyfound in malianpredators and aviancompetitors, have mid- and low-elevationhabitats. These species, causeddramatic changesin the distribution as well as Omao (Myadestesobscurus) and Ele- paio (Chasiempissandwichensis), have become 3 Present address: 1208 Tamarack Drive, Moscow, primaryreservoirs for malariabecause of their Idaho 83843, USA. high susceptibilityto infection(van Riper et al. 4Address correspondence to this author.E-mail: 1986, Atkinson et al. 2000). Based on blood [email protected] smears,the prevalenceof infectionin thesena- 731 732 YORINKSAND ATKINSON [Auk, Vol. 117 tive speciesranges as high as40% at elevations ular vein with a 27.5-gaugesyringe within two to between 900 and 1,500 m, with most infected three days of being moved to captivity. A blood individualscarrying chronic, low-intensity in- smear was prepared, fixed in absolutemethanol, fections characteristic of birds that have recov- stainedwith 2% bufferedGiemsa (pH 7.0), for 1 h, and examinedfor 10 min with a 400x objectiveto eredfrom acutemalaria and havesome degree diagnose patent malarial infections.Heparinized of resistance to reinfection. whole blood was centrifuged in microhematocrit The effectof diseaseon juvenilebirds is of tubesand plasmawas collectedand screenedfor an- particularinterest because a changein theirbe- tibodiesto P.relictum with an immunoblottechnique havior potentially could translate into de- (Atkinson et al. 1995) to confirm that the birds had creased fitness as adults. Parasitemias in hatch- no prior historyof exposureto malaria. ing-yearHawaiian honeycreepers are up to six The behavioralexperiment was conductedin a timeshigher than thosein adults,suggesting mosquito-proofflight cage(5.5 x 2.4 x 3.6 m) that the youngerbirds have less resistance to infec- contained various types of local vegetation.Birds tion and are the age classthat is hardesthit were fed Nector Plus in eight 40-mL feeders,and eight otherfeeders containing water were placed in during malarial epidemics (van Riper et al. the room.Locations of the 16 feederswere changed 1986).Findings from other studieshave been eachmorning to mimic the transitoryconditions of similar For example,infections of Haernoproteusnatural food sources.A fine mist of water vapor was progneiin Purple Martins (Prognesubis) are be- spayedinto the flight cage for 15 to 30 min each lievedto be morevirulent in youngbirds (Dav- morning to simulaterain forest conditions.Feeding idar and Morton 1993). Sublethal infections and mistingended at least2 h beforebehavioral ob- with Trichinellapseudospiralis in American Kes- servations. trels (Falcosparverius) influenced juvenile fit- Eight Apapanewere assignedrandomly to the ex- nessthrough altered incubation behavior and perimentalgroup and eight to the controlgroup. Ex- parentalcare by infectedadults, and through perimentalbirds were infected by thebite from a sin- gle Plasmodiumrelictum-infected mosquito using col- altered careof infectednestlings by uninfected onized Cidex quinquefasciatus(see Atkinson et al. parents(Saumier et al. 1991).In this study,we 1995). Control birds were bitten by a single unin- used behavioral,physiological, and parasito- fected mosquito.Morphological measurements and logicalmeasures to quantifythe effects of acute behavioral observations were taken before and after malarial infectionson morbidity and mortality infection. in juvenile Apapane under controlledexperi- No morethan eightbirds were presentin the flight mental conditions. cageat one time, and equalnumbers of infectedand controlbirds were presentat the beginningof each METHODS of two successivetrials. Becausedensities of Apa- pane in the wild exceed3,000 birds/km 2 (Ralph and We caught16 hatching~yearApapane in mistnets Fancy 1995), densityin the flight cagewas compa- in ohia(Metrosideros polymorpha) /koa (Acaciakoa) for- rable to natural conditions. Behavioral observations estsat 1,800m in the Upper WaiakeaForest Reserve were not takenfor the first three to four daysafter on the easternslopes of Mauna Loa in March and birds were movedto the flight cageto allow themto April 1993.Birds were capturedat three sitesthat habituateto their surroundings.This wassufficient were approximately3 km apart. This area is rela- time for the birdsto locatefood sourcesin the aviary tively free of Culexmosquitoes, and the prevalence and exhibit behaviorscomparable to what we have of malarial infection in forest birds is less than 5% observedin the wild. After this acclimationperiod, (C. Atkinson unpubl. data). All 16 birds were in ju- observationswere takenfor four to eightdays (pre- venal plumageand had not startedtheir first pre- infectionperiod). Birds were then infectedand sub- basicmolt (Fancyet al. 1993). sequentlyobserved for the next 24 days. The first Birdswere transferredto a mosquito-proofaviary four dayswere the "pre-patent"period of infection at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (elevation 1,200 where the parasitewas undergoingdevelopment in m) and allowed to acclimate under conditions of am- fixed tissues in the host and had not reached detect- bienttemperature and light for oneto four weeksbe- able concentrationsin blood. The next 20 dayswere fore use in experiments.This was sufficienttime for takenduring the "patent" periodwhen intraeryth- massand food consumptionto stabilize.During the rocyticparasites could be found on bloodfilms of pe- acclimatizationperiod, birds were housedindivid- ripheral blood. ually in cagesmeasuring 1 x 0.5 x 0.5 m and fed a Behaviorwas quantifiedwith a laptop computer diet of artificial nectar (Nector Plus, Necton USA, througha programthat assigneddifferent keys on TarponSprings, Florida) and freshoranges and pa- thekeyboard to specificbehaviors. The program kept paya.Birds were color banded and bled from thejug- trackof the timebetween keystrokes so that the total July2000] BehavioralEffects of Malaria 733 timespent on each behavior could be determined at ments. Thus, we did not include time and weather as the end of an observationperiod. Observationstook independentvariables in testsof treatmenteffects. placethrough a one-waymirror at
Recommended publications
  • Downloadable Data Collection
    Smetzer et al. Movement Ecology (2021) 9:36 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-021-00275-5 RESEARCH Open Access Individual and seasonal variation in the movement behavior of two tropical nectarivorous birds Jennifer R. Smetzer1* , Kristina L. Paxton1 and Eben H. Paxton2 Abstract Background: Movement of animals directly affects individual fitness, yet fine spatial and temporal resolution movement behavior has been studied in relatively few small species, particularly in the tropics. Nectarivorous Hawaiian honeycreepers are believed to be highly mobile throughout the year, but their fine-scale movement patterns remain unknown. The movement behavior of these crucial pollinators has important implications for forest ecology, and for mortality from avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum), an introduced disease that does not occur in high-elevation forests where Hawaiian honeycreepers primarily breed. Methods: We used an automated radio telemetry network to track the movement of two Hawaiian honeycreeper species, the ʻapapane (Himatione sanguinea) and ʻiʻiwi (Drepanis coccinea). We collected high temporal and spatial resolution data across the annual cycle. We identified movement strategies using a multivariate analysis of movement metrics and assessed seasonal changes in movement behavior. Results: Both species exhibited multiple movement strategies including sedentary, central place foraging, commuting, and nomadism , and these movement strategies occurred simultaneously across the population. We observed a high degree of intraspecific variability at the individual and population level. The timing of the movement strategies corresponded well with regional bloom patterns of ‘ōhi‘a(Metrosideros polymorpha) the primary nectar source for the focal species. Birds made long-distance flights, including multi-day forays outside the tracking array, but exhibited a high degree of fidelity to a core use area, even in the non-breeding period.
    [Show full text]
  • Synonymies for Indigenous Hawaiian Bird Taxa
    Part 2 - Drepaninines Click here for Part 1 - Non-Drepaninines The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status Version 2 - 1 January 2017 Robert L. Pyle and Peter Pyle Synonymies for Indigenous Hawaiian Bird Taxa Intensive ornithological surveying by active collectors during the latter 1890s led to several classic publications at the turn of the century, each covering nearly all species and island forms of native Hawaiian birds (Wilson and Evans 1899, Rothschild (1900),schild 1900, Bryan 1901a, Henshaw (1902a), 1902a, Perkins (1903),1903). The related but diverse scientific names appearing in these publications comprised the basis for scientific nomenclature for the next half century, but in many cases were modified by later authors using modern techniques to reach a current nomenclature provided in the American Ornithologists’ Union (AOU) Check-List, and followed (for the most part) at this site. A few current AOU names are still controversial, and more changes will come in the future. Synonymies reflecting the history of taxonomic nomenclature are listed below for all endemic birds in the Hawaiian Islands. The heading for each taxon represents that used in this book, reflecting the name used by the AOU (1998), as changed in subsequent AOU Supplements, or, in a few cases, as modified here based on more recent work or on differing opinions on taxonomic ranking. Previously recognized names are listed and citations included for classic publications on taxonomy of Hawaiian birds, as well as significant papers that influenced the species nomenclature. We thank Storrs Olson for sharing with us his summarization on the taxonomy and naming of indigenous Hawaiian birds.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Native Trees Provide Habitat for Native Hawaiian Forest Birds
    NON-NATIVE TREES PROVIDE HABITAT FOR NATIVE HAWAIIAN FOREST BIRDS By Peter J. Motyka A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In Biology Northern Arizona University December 2016 Approved: Jeffrey T. Foster, Ph.D., Co-chair Tad C. Theimer, Ph. D., Co-chair Carol L. Chambers, Ph. D. ABSTRACT NON-NATIVE TREES PROVIDE HABITAT FOR NATIVE HAWAIIAN FOREST BIRDS PETER J. MOTYKA On the Hawaiian island of Maui, native forest birds occupy an area dominated by non- native plants that offers refuge from climate-limited diseases that threaten the birds’ persistence. This study documented the status of the bird populations and their ecology in this novel habitat. Using point-transect distance sampling, I surveyed for birds over five periods in 2013-2014 at 123 stations across the 20 km² Kula Forest Reserve (KFR). I documented abundance and densities for four native bird species: Maui ‘alauahio (Paroreomyza montana), ʻiʻiwi (Drepanis coccinea), ʻapapane (Himatione sanguinea), and Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi, (Chlorodrepanis virens), and three introduced bird species: Japanese white-eye (Zosterops japonicas), red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea), and house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus). I found that 1) native forest birds were as abundant as non-natives, 2) densities of native forest birds in the KFR were similar to those found in native forests, 3) native forest birds showed varying dependence on the structure of the habitats, with ʻiʻiwi and ‘alauahio densities 20 and 30 times greater in forest than in scrub, 4) Maui ‘alauahio foraged most often in non-native cape wattle, eucalyptus, and tropical ash, and nested most often in non-native Monterey cypress, Monterey pine, and eucalyptus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationships of the Hawaiian Honeycreepers (Drepaninini) As Indicated by Dna-Dna Hybridization
    THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE HAWAIIAN HONEYCREEPERS (DREPANININI) AS INDICATED BY DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION CH^RrES G. SIBLEY AND Jo• E. AHLQUIST Departmentof Biologyand PeabodyMuseum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 USA ABSTRACT.--Twenty-twospecies of Hawaiian honeycreepers(Fringillidae: Carduelinae: Drepaninini) are known. Their relationshipsto other groups of passefineswere examined by comparing the single-copyDNA sequencesof the Apapane (Himationesanguinea) with those of 5 speciesof carduelinefinches, 1 speciesof Fringilla, 15 speciesof New World nine- primaried oscines(Cardinalini, Emberizini, Thraupini, Parulini, Icterini), and members of 6 other families of oscines(Turdidae, Monarchidae, Dicaeidae, Sylviidae, Vireonidae, Cor- vidae). The DNA-DNA hybridization data support other evidence indicating that the Hawaiian honeycreepersshared a more recent common ancestorwith the cardue!ine finches than with any of the other groupsstudied and indicate that this divergenceoccurred in the mid-Miocene, 15-20 million yr ago. The colonizationof the Hawaiian Islandsby the ancestralspecies that radiated to produce the Hawaiian honeycreeperscould have occurredat any time between 20 and 5 million yr ago. Becausethe honeycreeperscaptured so many ecologicalniches, however, it seemslikely that their ancestor was the first passefine to become established in the islands and that it arrived there at the time of, or soon after, its separationfrom the carduelinelineage. If so, this colonist arrived before the present islands from Hawaii to French Frigate Shoal were formed by the volcanic"hot-spot" now under the island of Hawaii. Therefore,the ancestral drepaninine may have colonizedone or more of the older Hawaiian Islandsand/or Emperor Seamounts,which also were formed over the "hot-spot" and which reachedtheir present positions as the result of tectonic crustal movement.
    [Show full text]
  • Apapane (Himatione Sanguinea)
    The Birds of North America, No. 296, 1997 STEVEN G. FANCY AND C. JOHN RALPH 'Apapane Himatione sanguinea he 'Apapane is the most abundant species of Hawaiian honeycreeper and is perhaps best known for its wide- ranging flights in search of localized blooms of ō'hi'a (Metrosideros polymorpha) flowers, its primary food source. 'Apapane are common in mesic and wet forests above 1,000 m elevation on the islands of Hawai'i, Maui, and Kaua'i; locally common at higher elevations on O'ahu; and rare or absent on Lāna'i and Moloka'i. density may exceed 3,000 birds/km2 The 'Apapane and the 'I'iwi (Vestiaria at times of 'ōhi'a flowering, among coccinea) are the only two species of Hawaiian the highest for a noncolonial honeycreeper in which the same subspecies species. Birds in breeding condition occurs on more than one island, although may be found in any month of the historically this is also true of the now very rare year, but peak breeding occurs 'Ō'ū (Psittirostra psittacea). The highest densities February through June. Pairs of 'Apapane are found in forests dominated by remain together during the breeding 'ōhi'a and above the distribution of mosquitoes, season and defend a small area which transmit avian malaria and avian pox to around the nest, but most 'Apapane native birds. The widespread movements of the 'Apapane in response to the seasonal and patchy distribution of ' ōhi'a The flowering have important implications for disease Birds of transmission, since the North 'Apapane is a primary carrier of avian malaria and America avian pox in Hawai'i.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomenclature of the Laysan Honeycreeper Himatione [Sanguinea] Fraithii
    Peter Pyle 116 Bull. B.O.C. 2011 131(2) Nomenclature of the Laysan Honeycreeper Himatione [sanguinea] fraithii by Peter Pyle Received 21 May 2010 The Apapane Himatione sanguinea is the most abundant extant species of Hawaiian finch (Fringillidae, Drepanidinae) (Pratt 2005, Pyle & Pyle 2009). It occurs throughout high islands of the south-east Hawaiian Islands, where it shows little to no inter-island variation. On Laysan Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, a resident Himatione was first encountered on 3 April 1828 by the naturalist C. Isenbeck (von Kittlitz 1834) and named much later from specimens collected by H. Palmer and G. Munro in June 1891 (Rothschild 1892). While Palmer and Munro were on Laysan they were assisted by George D. Freeth, manager of a guano-mining operation there and an amateur naturalist. In acknowledgement, Rothschild named the new bird Himatione fraithii, based evidently on a miscommunication from Palmer or Munro or an erroneous assumption concerning the spelling of Freeth’s name, which is not mentioned in the description. This taxon, widely known as the Laysan Honeyeater and, later, the Laysan Honeycreeper, became extinct in 1923 (Ely & Clapp 1975, A. Wetmore in Olson 1996). Walter Rothschild was a well-known British zoologist with an avid interest in the birdlife of islands (Rothschild 1983, Olson 2008). He had sent Palmer and other collectors to procure specimens from the Hawaiian Islands in 1890–93 for his private museum in Tring, England. Based upon this collection he published Avifauna of Laysan and the neighbouring islands, with a complete history to date of the birds of the Hawaiian possession in three parts, Part I in August 1893, Part II in November 1893 and Part III in December 1900 (Rothschild 1893– 1900; see Olson 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • INDEX to VOLUME 71 Compiled by L
    109}ti] 499 INDEX TO VOLUME 71 Compiled by L. R. Wolfe Acanthis taminca, 353 Amazilia amabilis costaricensis, 468 Accentor, Alpine, 64, 70 amabilis decora, 468 Accipiter, 353 edward edward, 468 cooperil, 195 edward niveoventer, 467, 468 nisus, 262 tzacafi tzacafi, 467, 468 Aceros, leucocephalus, 474 Ammann, George A., unpub. thesis, the plicatus, 474 life history and distribution of the Acrocephalus familiaris, 188 Yellow-headed Blackbird, 191 scirpaceus, 262 Ammospiza caudacuta, 65 Aechmophorus occidentalis, 333 Anas acura, 310, 461 Aegolius, 173 acura tzitzihoa, 310 A•ronautes saxatalis, 466 laysanensis, 188 Aethopyga ignicauda, 172 platyrhynchos, 197, 267-270 Africa, 12, 13, 89 rubripes, 192 Agelaius icterocephalus, 152 Anatidae, 90, 460, 474 phoeniceus, 46, 65, 137-155, 279, Anatinae, 196 461 Anthracothorax, 467, 468 phoeniceus utahensis, 140 nigricollis nigricollis, 468 ruficapillus, 152 Antigua, 329 tricolor, 151 Antipodes Island, 249, 251 Aix sponsa, 267, 459, 461 A.O.U., Check-list Committee, twenty- Alaska, 203, 209, 351-365 ninth supplement to the Ameri- Albatross, 188, 239-252 can Oruithologists' Union check- Laysan, 211 list of North American birds, 310- Light-mantled Sooty, 239, 249, 251 312 Royal, 239-252 check-list ranges, 156-163 Wandering, 240, 241, 243, 244, 248, committees, 85 249, 251 Committee on the Nomination of Albinism, 137-155, pl. 11 Associates, 233 Alca torda, 463 officers,trustees, and committees, 85 Aleidac, 192 report of the Advisory Committee Allen, Robert P., additional data on the on Bird Protection, 186-190 food of the Whooping Crane, 198 report of Research Committee on Allison, Donald G., unpub. thesis, bird unpublishedtheses in ornithology, populations of forest and forest edge 191-197 in central Illinois, 191 resolutions, 84 Allison, John E., unpub.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Applications in Avian Conservation
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 2011 Genetic Applications in Avian Conservation Susan M. Haig U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] Whitcomb M. Bronaugh Oregon State University Rachel S. Crowhurst Oregon State University Jesse D'Elia U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Collin A. Eagles-Smith U.S. Geological Survey See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Haig, Susan M.; Bronaugh, Whitcomb M.; Crowhurst, Rachel S.; D'Elia, Jesse; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Epps, Clinton W.; Knaus, Brian; Miller, Mark P.; Moses, Michael L.; Oyler-McCance, Sara; Robinson, W. Douglas; and Sidlauskas, Brian, "Genetic Applications in Avian Conservation" (2011). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 668. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/668 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Susan M. Haig, Whitcomb M. Bronaugh, Rachel S. Crowhurst, Jesse D'Elia, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Clinton W. Epps, Brian Knaus, Mark P. Miller, Michael L. Moses, Sara Oyler-McCance, W. Douglas Robinson, and Brian Sidlauskas This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ usgsstaffpub/668 The Auk 128(2):205–229, 2011 The American Ornithologists’ Union, 2011. Printed in USA. SPECIAL REVIEWS IN ORNITHOLOGY GENETIC APPLICATIONS IN AVIAN CONSERVATION SUSAN M. HAIG,1,6 WHITCOMB M. BRONAUGH,2 RACHEL S.
    [Show full text]
  • AOU Classification Committee – North and Middle America
    AOU Classification Committee – North and Middle America Proposal Set 2015-A 21 Jan 2015 No. Page Title 01 02 Revise the classification of the Pipridae 02 08 Add Bicolored Wren Campylorhynchus griseus to the Main List 03 11 Move Dusky Pigeon Patagioenas goodsoni from the Appendix to the Main List 04 14 Revise the classification of the Psittaciformes 05 19 Split Pterodroma heraldica and P. atrata from Herald Petrel P. arminjoniana 06 26 Transfer American Tree Sparrow Spizella arborea to Spizelloides 07 28 Split Passerina pallidior from Painted Bunting P. ciris 08 32 Split Toxostoma arenicola from LeConte’s Thrasher T. lecontei 09 35 Correct the scientific names of (a) Leptotila cassini and (b) Amazilia saucerrottei 10 37 Split Laysan Honeycreeper from Apapane Himatione sanguinea and change its specific epithet to fraithii 11 40 Split Newell’s Shearwater Puffinus newelli from Townsend’s Shearwater P. auricularis, and consider Rapa Shearwater P. myrtae as a species separate from P. newelli 12 44 Correct the citation for Pterodroma solandri 2015-A-1 N&MA Classification Committee pp. 423-426 Revise the classification of the Pipridae Background: Our current classification of the Pipridae is as follows: Corapipo altera Chiroxiphia lanceolata Chiroxiphia linearis Xenopipo holochlora Dixiphia pipra Ceratopipra mentalis Ceratopipra erythrocephala Manacus candei Manacus aurantiacus Manacus vitellinus Lepidothrix coronata New information: Ohlson et al. (2013) investigated relationships within the family using DNA sequence data from three nuclear introns and one mitochondrial gene (ND2). They sampled all genera and most species. I have pasted in a screen grab of their tree below. Their results are largely consistent with those of previous studies except for the polyphyly of Chloropipo, members of which are in three parts of the tree.
    [Show full text]
  • Hawaiian Birds 1972*
    HAWAIIAN BIRDS 1972* ANDREW J. BERGER More kinds (species and subspecies) of birds have become extinct in Hawaii than on all continents’ of the world combined. These endemic Hawaiian birds have become ex- tinct since 1844l, and most of them have succumbed since the 1890s. Table 1 lists the endemic Hawaiian birds which are presumed to be extinct. Moreover, Hawaiian birds account for nearly one-half of the birds in the U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlifes’ Red Book of rare and endangered species. The follow- ing list contains 16 of the rare and endangered Hawaiian birds: Newells’ Manx Shear- water (Puffinus puffinus newel&), Hawaiian Dark-rumped Petrel (Pterodroma phaeo- pygia sandwichensis), Harcourt s’ Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma Castro cryptoleucura), Nene or Hawaiian Goose (Branta sandvicensis), Koloa or Hawaiian Duck (Anas wyvilliana) , Laysan Duck (Anus laysanensis) , Hawaiian Hawk (Buteo solitarius) , Hawaiian Gallinule (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) , Hawaiian Coot (Fulica ameri- cana alai), Hawaiian Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus himantopus knudseni), Hawaiian Crow (Corvus tropicus), Large Kauai Thrush (Phaeornis obscurus myadestina), Molo- kai Thrush (Phaeornis o. rutha), Small Kauai Thrush (Phaeornis palmeri), Nihoa Millerbird (Acrocephalus familiaris kingi), and the Kauai 00 (Moho braccetus). TO this list may be added the non-migratory Hawaiian population of the Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax n. hoactli). But, there are even more endangered Hawaiian birds! Because of their special interest to ornithologists,
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Coqui Frogs Are Associated with Greater Abundances of Nonnative Birds in Hawaii, USA Author(S): Robyn L
    Invasive coqui frogs are associated with greater abundances of nonnative birds in Hawaii, USA Author(s): Robyn L. Smith, Karen H. Beard, and David N. Koons Source: The Condor, 120(1):16-29. Published By: American Ornithological Society https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-17-109.1 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1650/CONDOR-17-109.1 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Volume 120, 2018, pp. 16–29 DOI: 10.1650/CONDOR-17-109.1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Invasive coqui frogs are associated with greater abundances of nonnative birds in Hawaii, USA Robyn L. Smith,1 Karen H. Beard,1* and David N. Koons1a 1 Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA a Current address: Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA * Corresponding author: [email protected] Submitted June 8, 2017; Accepted September 20, 2017; Published November 29, 2017 ABSTRACT The global spread of invasive species has created significant challenges for avian conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Possible Etymology of the Generic Name Magumma for the Anianiau (Drepanidini) by Storrs L
    boc1264-061031.qxp 10/31/2006 2:01 PM Page 323 Lincoln D. C. Fishpool 323 Bull. B.O.C. 2006 126(4) Sacchi, M. 1997. Avifauna of the Okapi wildlife reserve, Ituri Forest/Haut Zaïre. Annotated checklist. Unpubl. rep. Sassi, M. 1914. Einige neue Formen der innerafrikanischen Ornis aus der Kollektion Grauer. Anz. K. Akad. Wiss, Wein., Math-Naturw. Kl. 51: 308–312. Sassi, M. 1915. Einige neue Formen der innerafrikanischen Ornis aus der Kollektion Grauer. J. Orn. 63: 112–118. Sassi, M. 1916. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition R. Grauer nach Zentral Africa Dezember 1909 bis Februar 1911. Beitrag zur Ornis Zentralafrikas. Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Mus. Wien. 30: 241–306. Schouteden, H. 1969. La faune ornithologique du Kivu. II. Passereaux. Mus. Roy. Afr. Centr., Doc. Zool. 15: 1–188. Sinclair, I. & Ryan, P. 2003. Birds of Africa south of the Sahara. Struik, Cape Town. Stattersfield, A. J., Crosby, M. J., Long, A. J. & Wege, D. C. 1998. Endemic Bird Areas of the world: pri- ority for biodiversity conservation. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK. Stevenson, T. & Fanshawe, J. 2002. Field guide to the birds of East Africa. T. & A. D. Poyser, London. Address: BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Girton Road, Cambridge, CB3 0NA, UK, e-mail: [email protected] © British Ornithologists’ Club 2006 Possible etymology of the generic name Magumma for the Anianiau (Drepanidini) by Storrs L. Olson Received 10 February 2006 The Anianiau is a small yellow bird belonging to the cardueline finch tribe Drepanidini that is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai. It was first described by Stejneger (1887) as Himatione parva, before that genus was restricted to the Apapane H.
    [Show full text]