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© Copyright 2021 Girls' Angle. All Rights Reserved. 1 April/May 2021 April/May 2021 • Volume 14 • Number 4 To Foster and Nurture Girls’ Interest in Mathematics An Interview with Candice Price Learn by Do ing:ing:ing: Multiplex Juggling and its Connection to Graphs of Equations Kostant’s Partition Function, Part 1 Notes from the ClubClub:::: Valentine’s Math, Part 2 Daina Taimina © Copyright 2021 Girls’ Angle. All Rights Reserved. 1 From the Founder Girls’ Angle Bulletin To learn math, all you have to do is ask math questions and try to answer The official magazine of them. Before long you’ll be understanding all sorts of things you would Girls’ Angle: A Math Club for girls never have dreamed of when you began. At the club, member’s dreams Electronic Version (ISSN 2151-5743) never cease to inspire and amaze! - Ken Fan, President and Founder Website: www.girlsangle.org Email: [email protected] This magazine is published six times a year by Girls’ Angle to communicate with its A Heartfelt Thank You to our Donors! members and to share ideas and information about mathematics. Individuals Girls’ Angle welcomes submissions that Uma Achutha Mark and Lisel Macenka pertain to mathematics. Dana Albert Brian and Darline Matthews Nancy Blachman and David desJardins, Toshia McCabe The print version of the Bulletin is printed by founders of the Julia Robinson Mary O’Keefe Mathematics Festival, jrmf.org . Stephen Knight and the American Mathematical Society. Bill Bogstad Elizabeth Quattrocki Knight Ravi Boppana Junyi Li Editors: Amanda Galtman Lauren Cipicchio Alison and Catherine Miller Jennifer Sidney Silva Merit Cudkowicz Beth O’Sullivan Executive Editor: C. Kenneth Fan Patricia Davidson Robert Penny and Ingrid Daubechies Elizabeth Tyler Anda Degeratu Malcolm Quinn Kim Deltano Jeffrey and Eve Rittenberg Girls’ Angle: Concetta Duval Craig and Sally Savelle Glenn and Sara Ellison Eugene Shih A Math Club for Girls John Engstrom Eugene Sorets Lena Gan Sasha Targ The mission of Girls’ Angle is to foster and Jacqueline Garrahan Diana Taylor nurture girls’ interest in mathematics and Courtney Gibbons Waldman and Romanelli Family Shayne Gilbert Marion Walter empower them to tackle any field no matter Vanessa Gould Andrew Watson and the level of mathematical sophistication. Rishi Gupta Ritu Thamman Larry Guth Brandy Wiegers FOUNDER AND PRESIDENT Andrea Hawksley Brian Wilson and Scott Hilton Annette Sassi C. Kenneth Fan Delia Cheung Hom and Lissa Winstanley Eugene Shih The Zimmerman family OARD OF DVISORS David Kelly Anonymous B A Connie Chow Nonprofit Organizations Yaim Cooper Draper Laboratories Julia Elisenda Grigsby The Mathenaeum Foundation Kay Kirkpatrick Orlando Math Circle Grace Lyo Corporate Donors Lauren McGough Mia Minnes Adobe Akamai Technologies Bjorn Poonen Big George Ventures Beth O’Sullivan D. E. Shaw Elissa Ozanne John Hancock Katherine Paur Maplesoft Liz Simon Massachusetts Innovation & Technology Exchange (MITX) Gigliola Staffilani Mathenaeum Bianca Viray MathWorks, Inc. Karen Willcox Microsoft Lauren Williams Microsoft Research Nature America, Inc. On the cover: Have a Heart created by Oracle Juliette Bennett, C. Kenneth Fan, and Violet Freimark, with special thanks to mentors For Bulletin Sponsors, please visit girlsangle.org. Bridget Li and Kate Pearce. © Copyright 2021 Girls’ Angle. All Rights Reserved. 2 An Interview with Candice Price Candice Price is Assistant Professor of Mathematics & Statistics at Smith College. She earned her bachelor’s degree from California State University, Chico, her master’s degree from San Francisco State University, and her doctoral degree in mathematics from the University of Iowa under the supervision of Isabel Darcy. She is a cofounder of the organization Mathematically Gifted and Black . Ken : You are involved with so many things, mathematics understanding was measured at but I’d like to start with how your journey the 12th grade level. My school decided to into mathematics began. Could you please move me up a grade, from 4th to 5th and retrace your personal history into later advocated for my entry into a Gifted mathematics, starting, perhaps, with when and Talented program in middle school. I mathematics first caught your eye? started to stray away from mathematics in high school after a few setbacks: I had to Candice : My journey in mathematics started take Geometry and Algebra 2 twice. When I in the 3rd grade when I learned how to started at California State University, Chico multiply. This was for two reasons: 1) I in 1998, I had planned to major in loved this new way that numbers can psychology. But because I still enjoyed interact, and 2) It wasn’t taught to me in a mathematics, I enrolled in a pre-calculus concrete way where we start to understand class in my second semester of my first year. what multiplication means in a physical My instructor was Lori Holcombe. She was space, but in a fun memorizing way with amazing! She was a tough teacher but also music from Schoolhouse Rock!. I fell in supportive. She reached out to me and said love with mathematics that year. My that she saw my talent and enjoyment of enjoyment of mathematics led to me mathematics and said I should be a wanting to discover more about mathematics mathematics major. I joined the Louis and I started to “self study”… which really Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation meant watching the show Square One on program at Chico and have been on this PBS. This was a double edged sword mathematical journey ever since. because while I learned a lot of cool mathematics, I started to become bored in Ken : Fascinating! Would you please tell us my classes when we discussed mathematics. more about your circumstances in high My mother noticed this and asked for my school? What happened in Geometry and school to give me a “gifted test.” My Algebra 2? © Copyright 2021 Girls’ Angle. All Rights Reserved. 3 I want to be careful about the word understand mathematics. It does not just “gifts” here. I work very hard to come to me, but I love to learn, to struggle through the various topics. I love to see understand mathematics. It does math show up in places. That I would say is not just come to me, but I love to my gift, the joy of learning math. I think learn, to struggle through the nurturing that joy is what we should do. It various topics. is not just with mathematics either. If a student loves to read and write, we should Candice : One big reason for these setbacks nurture that with more books, trips to book was that I felt extremely visible stores and libraries, going to an author and invisible at the same time. I was a reading event. With mathematics, it is young Black woman in a class of mostly important that we find out what it is about non-Black students in my Geometry class. I mathematics a person likes and feed that didn’t want to stand out too much. So I part of them. didn’t work very hard in that class. I didn’t do my homework and I rarely Ken : That’s great advice! When did you answered questions in class. I was also at start thinking of mathematics as a possible that awkward age of 13-14 and I was career choice for yourself? younger than everyone else. I retook the course in summer school and excelled. It Candice : I think it would definitely be after was my favorite class in high school. In my my class with Lori Holcombe. I knew that I first Algebra 2 experience, my teacher never wanted to have a job/career that included called me by the name I preferred. He, a mathematics. But it wasn’t until I started 60+-year-old white man, always called me my master’s program that I realized that I by a nickname I hate. He never showed any wanted to be a mathematics professor. At respect for me as a person. He also lectured San Francisco State University, I met Dr. from his desk and never interacted with us. Jamylle Carter and she was the first Black He also obviously had issues with the Black woman in STEM I had ever met. During my students in his class. Many other students academic lifetime, I have only had one were able to transfer to other classes, but I professor that was a Black woman. And it was not able to. I hated that experience and was in a humanities course. So I realized it showed in my work. That class failed me. that one reason I was always a bit unsure if When I took it the second time, I was in a this was a good career for me was because I much more welcoming environment and I could not see myself doing it… because I finally could just focus on the math. had no visible examples of Black women in mathematics. I went to an event called the Ken : The Algebra 2 experience is so Infinite Possibilities Conference and this disturbing. That kind of behavior shouldn’t was the first time I saw Black women in be tolerated. What other ways should math mathematics at different levels, in different education be handled in high school so that careers and full of joy. instead of encountering setbacks, your gifts would have been properly recognized and Ken : Did you have any role models or developed? champions who were supportive of your mathematical interest when you were Candice : I want to be careful about the growing up? word “gifts” here. I work very hard to © Copyright 2021 Girls’ Angle. All Rights Reserved. 4 Candice : Oh yes!! I have many, many champions! Perhaps too many to mention hahah. I would say that it started with my mother who always advocated for me and supported me.
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