DOCSLIB.ORG

Dimethyl Sulfide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dimethyl Sulfide Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methylthiomethane is an organosulfur Dimethyl sulfide compound with the formula (CH3)2S. Dimethyl sulfide is a flammable liquid that boils at 37 °C (99 °F) and has a characteristic disagreeable odor. It is a component of the smell produced from cooking of certain vegetables, notably maize, cabbage, beetroot, and seafoods. It is also an indication of bacterial contamination in malt production and brewing. It is a breakdown product of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and is also produced by the bacterial metabolism of methanethiol. Names Preferred IUPAC name (Methylsulfanyl)methane[1] Contents Other names [1] Natural occurrence (Methylthio)methane Physiology of dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl sulfide[1] Smell Identifiers Preparation CAS Number 75-18-3 (http://ww w.commonchemistr Industrial uses y.org/ChemicalDeta Other uses il.aspx?ref=75-18- Safety 3) See also 3D model Interactive image (h (JSmol) References ttps://chemapps.sto External links laf.edu/jmol/jmol.ph p?model=CSC) 3DMet B00138 (http://ww Natural occurrence w.3dmet.dna.affrc.g o.jp/cgi/show_data. DMS originates primarily from DMSP, a major secondary metabolite php?acc=B00138) in some marine algae.[2] DMS is the most abundant biological sulfur compound emitted to the atmosphere.[3][4] Emission occurs over the Beilstein 1696847 oceans by phytoplankton. DMS is also produced naturally by Reference bacterial transformation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) waste that is ChEBI CHEBI:17437 (http disposed of into sewers, where it can cause environmental odor s://www.ebi.ac.uk/c [5] problems. hebi/searchId.do?c hebiId=17437) DMS is oxidized in the marine atmosphere to various sulfur- containing compounds, such as sulfur dioxide, dimethyl sulfoxide ChEMBL ChEMBL15580 (htt [6] (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone, methanesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid. ps://www.ebi.ac.uk/ Among these compounds, sulfuric acid has the potential to create new chembldb/index.ph aerosols which act as cloud condensation nuclei. Through this p/compound/inspec interaction with cloud formation, the massive production of t/ChEMBL15580) atmospheric DMS over the oceans may have a significant impact on ChemSpider 1039 (http://www.ch the Earth's climate.[7][8] The CLAW hypothesis suggests that in this emspider.com/Che [9] manner DMS may play a role in planetary homeostasis. mical-Structure.103 9.html) Marine phytoplankton also produce dimethyl sulfide,[10] and DMS is also produced by bacterial cleavage of extracellular DMSP.[11] DMS ECHA 100.000.770 (http has been characterized as the "smell of the sea",[12] though it would InfoCard s://echa.europa.eu/ be more accurate to say that DMS is a component of the smell of the substance-informati sea, others being chemical derivatives of DMS, such as oxides, and on/-/substanceinfo/ yet others being algal pheromones such as dictyopterenes.[13] 100.000.770) Dimethyl sulfide also is an odorant emitted by kraft pulping mills, and EC Number 200-846-2 it is a byproduct of Swern oxidation. KEGG C00580 (https://ww w.kegg.jp/entry/C00 Dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide have been found among the volatiles given off by the fly-attracting plant 580) known as dead-horse arum (Helicodiceros muscivorus). Those MeSH dimethyl+sulfide (ht compounds are components of an odor like rotting meat, which tps://www.nlm.nih.g attracts various pollinators that feed on carrion, such as many species ov/cgi/mesh/2014/ [14] of flies. MB_cgi?mode=&ter m=dimethyl+sulfid Physiology of dimethyl sulfide e) PubChem CID 1068 (https://pubch Dimethyl sulfide is normally present at very low levels in healthy em.ncbi.nlm.nih.go people, namely <7nM in blood, <3 nM in urine and 0.13 – 0.65 nM v/compound/1068) on expired breath.[15][16] RTECS PV5075000 At pathologically dangerous concentrations, this is known as number dimethylsulfidemia. This condition is associated with blood borne UNII halitosis and dimethylsulfiduria.[17][18][19] QS3J7O7L3U (http s://fdasis.nlm.nih.go In people with chronic liver disease (cirrhosis), high levels of dimethyl v/srs/srsdirect.jsp?r sulfide may be present the breath, leading to an unpleasant smell (fetor egno=QS3J7O7L3 hepaticus). U) UN number 1164 Smell CompTox DTXSID9026398 (h Dashboard ttps://comptox.epa. Dimethyl sulfide has a characteristic smell commonly described as (EPA) cabbage-like. It becomes highly disagreeable at even quite low gov/dashboard/DT concentrations. Some reports claim that DMS has a low olfactory XSID9026398) threshold that varies from 0.02 to 0.1 ppm between different persons, InChI but it has been suggested that the odor attributed to dimethyl sulfide InChI=1S/C2H6S/c1-3-2/h1-2H3 may in fact be due to di- and polysulfides and thiol impurities, since Key: QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA- the odor of dimethyl sulfide is much less disagreeable after it is freshly N [20] washed with saturated aqueous mercuric chloride. Dimethyl Key: QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYAH sulfide is also available as a food additive to impart a savory flavor; in SMILES such use, its concentration is low. Beetroot,[21] asparagus,[22] cabbage, corn and seafoods produce dimethyl sulfide when cooked. CSC Properties Chemical C2H6S formula Dimethyl sulfide is also produced by marine planktonic micro- Molar mass 62.13 g·mol−1 organisms such as the coccolithophores and so is one of the main Appearance Colourless liquid components responsible for the characteristic odor of sea water aerosols, which make up a part of sea air. In the Victorian era, before Odor Cabbage, sulfurous DMS was discovered, the origin of sea air's 'bracing' aroma was Density 0.846 g cm−3 attributed to ozone.[23] Melting point −98 °C; −145 °F; 175 K Preparation Boiling point 35 to 41 °C; 95 to 106 °F; 308 to In industry dimethyl sulfide is produced by treating hydrogen sulfide 314 K with excess methanol over an aluminium oxide catalyst.[24] log P 0.977 Industrial uses Vapor 53.7 kPa (at 20 °C) pressure −6 3 Dimethyl sulfide has been used in petroleum refining to pre-sulfide Magnetic −44.9⋅10 cm /mol hydrodesulfurization catalysts, although other disulfides or susceptibility polysulfides are preferred and easier to handle. It is used as a (χ) presulfiding agent to control the formation of coke and carbon Refractive 1.435 monoxide in ethylene production. DMS is also used in a range of index (nD) organic syntheses, including as a reducing agent in ozonolysis Thermochemistry reactions. It also has a use as a food flavoring component. It can also Std enthalpy −66.9– be oxidized to dimethyl sulfoxide, (DMSO), which is an important of 63.9 kJ mol−1 industrial solvent. formation ⋅ ⦵ (ΔfH 298) The largest single commercial producer of DMS in the world is Gaylord Chemical Corporation. The Chevron Phillips Chemical Std enthalpy −2.1818– of 2.1812 MJ mol−1 company is also a major manufacturer of DMS. CP Chem produces combustion ⋅ this material at their facilities in Borger, Texas, USA and Tessenderlo, (Δ H⦵ ) Belgium. c 298 Hazards Other uses Safety data osha.gov (http://ww sheet w.osha.gov/dts/che Dimethyl sulfide is a Lewis base, classified as a soft ligand (see also micalsampling/data/ ECW model). Dimethyl sulfide finds a niche use as a displaceable CH_236505.html) ligand in chloro(dimethyl sulfide)gold(I) and other coordination GHS compounds. Dimethyl sulfide is also used in the ozonolysis of pictograms alkenes, reducing the intermediate trioxolane and oxidizing to DMSO, an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water. GHS Signal Danger The process: alkene + ozone + DMS → aldehyde(1) + aldehyde(2) + word DMSO GHS hazard H225, H315, H318, statements H335 Safety GHS P210, P261, P280, precautionary P305+351+338 Dimethyl sulfide is highly flammable and an eye and skin irritant. It is statements harmful if swallowed. It has an unpleasant odor at even extremely low Flash point −36 °C (−33 °F; concentrations. Its ignition temperature is 205 °C. 237 K) See also Autoignition 206 °C (403 °F; temperature 479 K) Coccolithophore, a marine unicellular planktonic Explosive 19.7% photosynthetic algae, producer of DMS limits Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, a parent molecule of DMS Related compounds and methanethiol in the oceans Dimethyl selenide, a selenium analogue of DMS produced Related Dimethyl ether by bacteria and phytoplankton chalcogenides (dimethyl oxide) Dimethyl telluride, a tellurium analogue of DMS Dimethyl selenide Emiliania huxleyi, a coccolithophorid producing DMS Dimethyl telluride Swern oxidation Related Dimethyl ether Gaia hypothesis compounds Dimethyl sulfoxide Geosmin, the substance responsible for the odour of earth Dimethyl sulfone Petrichor, the earthy scent produced when rain falls on dry Except where otherwise noted, data soil are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). References verify (what is ?) 1. "CHAPTER P-6. Applications to Specific Classes of Infobox references Compounds". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 706. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-00648 (https://doi.org/ 10.1039%2F9781849733069-00648). ISBN 978-0-85404- 182-4. 2. Stefels, J.; Steinke, M.; Turner, S.; Malin, S.; Belviso, A. (2007). "Environmental constraints on the production and removal of the climatically active gas dimethylsulphide (DMS) and implications for ecosystem modelling" (https://d oi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9091-5). Biogeochemistry. 83 (1–3): 245–275. doi:10.1007/s10533-007-9091-5 (https://do i.org/10.1007%2Fs10533-007-9091-5). 3. Kappler, Ulrike; Schäfer, Hendrik (2014). "Chapter 11. Transformations of Dimethylsulfide". In Peter M.H. Kroneck and Martha E. Sosa Torres (ed.). The Metal-Driven Biogeochemistry of Gaseous Compounds in the Environment. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. 14. Springer. pp. 279–313. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9269-1_11 (https://d oi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-017-9269-1_11).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 62570 APP Determ of DMDS and DMTS Water
    APPLICATION NOTE Gas Chromatography Author: Kira Yang PerkinElmer Inc. Shanghai, China Determination of Low Levels of Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS) and Introduction Continued urbanization and Dimethyl Trisulfide (DMTS) in industrialization throughout the world have brought the problem Water Using HS Trap-GC/FPD of malodor pollution into the forefront of many discussions on environmental sustainability and protection. Volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs) have been identified as a primary contributor to malodor pollution in water, and are considered a serious safety and environmental threat, owing to the potential toxicity of compounds such as methyl mercaptan, ethanethiol, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), methyl phenyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). DMDS and DMTS are commonly found in urban sewage, and are formed by the conversion of sulfate through microbial reduction during the sewage transportation processes.1 Recognized as one of the main malodor contributors in urban sewage, DMDS and DMTS produce a “swampy” smell in sewage, akin to odors related to decaying cabbage or garlic. Water sources contaminated with trace amounts of DMDS and DMTS also result in an unpleasant odor and taste, causing concern and complaints amongst consumers. Thus, the determination and abatement of these VOSCs in water is drawing increasing attention amongst utility providers, water treatment plants and regulators alike. Table 1. Analytical parameters. Considerable research
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Ozonation on Levels of the Off-Flavor Compounds Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Water and Rainbow Trout Oncorhyn
    Aquacultural Engineering 43 (2010) 46–50 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aquacultural Engineering journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aqua-online Evaluation of ozonation on levels of the off-flavor compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from recirculating aquaculture systems Kevin K. Schrader a,∗, John W. Davidson b, Agnes M. Rimando a, Steven T. Summerfelt b a United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, National Center for Natural Products Research, Post Office Box 8048, University, MS 38677-8048, USA View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE b The Conservation Fund Freshwater Institute, 1098 Turner Road, Shepherdstown, WV 25443, USA provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector article info abstract Article history: Common “off-flavors” in fish cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are “earthy” and “musty” Received 29 January 2010 due to the presence of the off-flavor metabolites geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), respectively. Accepted 17 May 2010 Previously, ozone addition has been applied to RAS at relatively low doses to break refractory organic molecules (i.e., reducing color), microflocculate fine particulate matter (i.e., increasing solids removal), Keywords: and oxidize nitrite to nitrate, but the effect of ozone addition at these dosing rates on levels of off-flavor Aquaculture compounds was unknown. Ozonation has been used in municipal drinking water facilities to reduce the Geosmin levels of these compounds, to improve water taste, and to subsequently reduce consumer complaints. In 2-Methylisoborneol Off-flavor this study, the effects of ozone addition to the inlet water of the RAS culture tanks on levels of geosmin Ozone and MIB in the culture water and fish flesh were evaluated.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Dimethyl Trisulfide in Rabbit Blood Using Stir Bar
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 8-2016 Determination of Dimethyl Trisulfide in Rabbit Blood Using Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Erica Mananadhar South Dakota State University Nujud Maslamani South Dakota State University Ilona Petrikovics Sam Houston State University Gary A. Rockwood US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Brian A. Logue South Dakota State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/chem_pubs Part of the Analytical Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Mananadhar, Erica; Maslamani, Nujud; Petrikovics, Ilona; Rockwood, Gary A.; and Logue, Brian A., "Determination of Dimethyl Trisulfide in Rabbit Blood Using Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry" (2016). Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications. 70. https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/chem_pubs/70 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications by an authorized
    [Show full text]
  • Geosmin and 2-MIB Removal by Full-Scale Drinking Water Treatment Processes in the Republic of Korea
    water Article Geosmin and 2-MIB Removal by Full-Scale Drinking Water Treatment Processes in the Republic of Korea Keug Tae Kim 1 and Yong-Gyun Park 2,* 1 Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Suwon University, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si 18323, Korea; [email protected] 2 Pioneer Team Research Institute, GS Engineering &Construction, 33, Jong-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03159, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Due to climate change, population growth, industrialization, urbanization, and water contamination, it is becoming more difficult to secure and supply clean and safe drinking water. One of the challenges many water utilities often face is the taste and odor (T&O) problem in drinking water treatment plants, mostly associated with geosmin and 2-MIB. These representative T&O compounds are mainly produced by the metabolism of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), especially in summer. In this study, the correlation between algae blooms and T&O compounds was identified in the intake and raw water of a large-scale water treatment plant in the Republic of Korea. The removal efficiency of geosmin and 2-MIB by each treatment process was intensively evaluated. According to the obtained results, ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption were more effective for removing the troublesome compounds compared to other water treatment processes, such as coagulation/flocculation, filtration, and chlorination. Because of their seasonal concentration variation and different removal rates, optimal operation methods need to be developed and implemented for drinking water treatment plants to solve the T&O problems. Citation: Kim, K.T.; Park, Y.-G.
    [Show full text]
  • Anaerobic Degradation of Methanethiol in a Process for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Biodesulfurization
    Anaerobic degradation of methanethiol in a process for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) biodesulfurization Promotoren Prof. dr. ir. A.J.H. Janssen Hoogleraar in de Biologische Gas- en waterreiniging Prof. dr. ir. A.J.M. Stams Persoonlijk hoogleraar bij het laboratorium voor Microbiologie Copromotor Prof. dr. ir. P.N.L. Lens Hoogleraar in de Milieubiotechnologie UNESCO-IHE, Delft Samenstelling promotiecommissie Prof. dr. ir. R.H. Wijffels Wageningen Universiteit, Nederland Dr. ir. G. Muyzer TU Delft, Nederland Dr. H.J.M. op den Camp Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Nederland Prof. dr. ir. H. van Langenhove Universiteit Gent, België Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen de onderzoeksschool SENSE (Socio-Economic and Natural Sciences of the Environment) Anaerobic degradation of methanethiol in a process for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) biodesulfurization R.C. van Leerdam Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 19 november 2007 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula Van Leerdam, R.C., 2007. Anaerobic degradation of methanethiol in a process for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) biodesulfurization. PhD-thesis Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands – with references – with summaries in English and Dutch ISBN: 978-90-8504-787-2 Abstract Due to increasingly stringent environmental legislation car fuels have to be desulfurized to levels below 10 ppm in order to minimize negative effects on the environment as sulfur-containing emissions contribute to acid deposition (‘acid rain’) and to reduce the amount of particulates formed during the burning of the fuel. Moreover, low sulfur specifications are also needed to lengthen the lifetime of car exhaust catalysts.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality and Relation to Taste-And-Odor Compounds in the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir South-Central Kans
    Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas Water Quality and Relation to Taste-and-Odor Compounds in the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir, South-Central Kansas, 1997–2003 Scientific Investigations Report 2006−5095 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Water Quality and Relation to Taste-and- Odor Compounds in the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir, South-Central Kansas, 1997–2003 By Victoria G. Christensen, Jennifer L. Graham, Chad R. Milligan, Larry M. Pope, and Andrew C. Ziegler Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5095 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior P. Lynn Scarlett, Acting Secretary U.S. Geological Survey P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Christensen, V.G., Graham, J.L., Milligan, C.R., Pope, L.M., and Ziegler, A.C., 2006, Water quality and relation to taste- and-odor compounds in the North Fork Ninnescah River and Cheney Reservoir, south-central Kansas, 1997–2003: U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Data Sheet
    SAFETY DATA SHEET According to JIS Z 7253:2019 Revision Date 16-Feb-2021 Version 7.01 Section 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product name (±)-Geosmin-d3 Standard Solution (1mg/mL Methanol Solution) Product code 072-06081 Manufacturer FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation 1-2 Doshomachi 3-Chome Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-8605, Japan Phone: +81-6-6203-3741 Fax: +81-6-6203-5964 Supplier FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation 1-2 Doshomachi 3-Chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-8605, Japan Phone: +81-6-6203-3741 Fax: +81-6-6203-2029 Emergency telephone number +81-6-6203-3741 / +81-3-3270-8571 Recommended uses and For research use only restrictions on use Section 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION GHS classification Classification of the substance or mixture Flammable liquids Category 2 Acute toxicity - Oral Category 4 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2A Reproductive Toxicity Category 1B Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) Category 1, Category 3 Category 1 central nervous system, Visual organ, systemic toxicity Category 3 Narcotic effects Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) Category 1 Category 1 central nervous system, Visual organ Pictograms Signal word Danger Hazard statements H225 - Highly flammable liquid and vapor H319 - Causes serious eye irritation H302 - Harmful if swallowed H360 - May damage fertility or the unborn child H336 - May cause drowsiness or dizziness H370 - Causes damage to the following organs: central nervous system, Visual organ, systemic toxicity H372 - Causes damage to the following organs through
    [Show full text]
  • Urine Elements Resource Guide
    Urine Elements Resource Guide Science + Insight doctorsdata.com Doctor’s Data, Inc. Urine Elements Resource Guide B Table of Contents Sample Report Sample Report ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Urine Toxic Metals Profile Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................3 Aluminum .....................................................................................................................................................................................3 Antimony .......................................................................................................................................................................................4 Arsenic ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Barium ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Beryllium ........................................................................................................................................................................................5 Bismuth .........................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Aqueous Phase Ozonation of Methanethiol and Dimethyl Disulfide
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1973 Aqueous phase ozonation of methanethiol and dimethyl disulfide Lawrence Roman Schmitz The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Schmitz, Lawrence Roman, "Aqueous phase ozonation of methanethiol and dimethyl disulfide" (1973). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1586. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1586 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE AQUEOUS PHASE OZONATION OF METHANETHIOL AND DIMETHYL DISULFIDE By Lawrence R. Schmitz B.S,, Saint John's University, 1970 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science UNIVERSITY OF MDNTANA 1973 Approved by; /•- /•' Chairnian, Board of Examiners .R„„ Deaj^ Graduate School lkd ^ / '^ 7 3 Date UMI Number: EP36441 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy subnnitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oiss«rtation PuUiahing UMI EP36441 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author.
    [Show full text]
  • View PDF Version
    Nanoscale View Article Online REVIEW View Journal | View Issue Synthesis of emerging 2D layered magnetic materials Cite this: Nanoscale, 2021, 13, 2157 Mauro Och,a Marie-Blandine Martin,b Bruno Dlubak, b Pierre Seneorb and Cecilia Mattevi *a van der Waals atomically thin magnetic materials have been recently discovered. They have attracted enormous attention as they present unique magnetic properties, holding potential to tailor spin-based device properties and enable next generation data storage and communication devices. To fully under- stand the magnetism in two-dimensions, the synthesis of 2D materials over large areas with precise thick- ness control has to be accomplished. Here, we review the recent advancements in the synthesis of these materials spanning from metal halides, transition metal dichalcogenides, metal phosphosulphides, to ternary metal tellurides. We initially discuss the emerging device concepts based on magnetic van der Waals materials including what has been achieved with graphene. We then review the state of the art of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. the synthesis of these materials and we discuss the potential routes to achieve the synthesis of wafer- scale atomically thin magnetic materials. We discuss the synthetic achievements in relation to the struc- Received 3rd November 2020, tural characteristics of the materials and we scrutinise the physical properties of the precursors in relation Accepted 8th January 2021 to the synthesis conditions. We highlight the challenges related to the synthesis of 2D magnets and we DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07867k provide a perspective for possible advancement of available synthesis methods to respond to the need for rsc.li/nanoscale scalable production and high materials quality.
    [Show full text]
  • The Health and Environmental Impacts of Hazardous Wastes
    The health and environmental impacts of hazardous wastes IMPACT PROFILES Final report Prepared for: The Department of the Environment Prepared by: Ascend Waste and Environment Pty Ltd Date::7 June 2015 Geoff Latimer Project Number: Project # 15001AG The health and environmental impacts of hazardous wastes Project # 15001AG Date: 7 June 2015 This report has been prepared for The Department of the Environment in accordance with the terms and conditions of appointment dated 6 January 2015, and is based on the assumptions and exclusions set out in our scope of work. The report must not be reproduced in whole or in part except with the prior consent of Ascend Waste and Environment Pty Ltd and subject to inclusion of an acknowledgement of the source. Whilst reasonable attempts have been made to ensure that the contents of this report are accurate and complete at the time of writing, Ascend Waste and Environment Pty Ltd cannot accept any responsibility for any use of or reliance on the contents of this report by any third party. © Ascend Waste and Environment Pty Ltd VERSION CONTROL RECORD Document File Name Date Issued Version Author Reviewer Draft first profiles for review 11 March 2015 Rev 0 Geoff Latimer Ian Rae 15001AG_AWE_Health Env 27 April 2015 Rev0 Geoff Latimer Ian Rae Impacts draft report rev 0 15001AG_AWE_Health Env 7 June 2015 Rev0 Geoff Latimer Ian Rae Impacts final report rev 0 The health and environmental impacts of hazardous wastes Contents Page 1 Introduction 5 2 Summary report: Australia’s key hazardous waste impacts and risks
    [Show full text]
  • Articles, Which Are Known to Influence Clouds and (Nguyen Et Al., 1983; Andreae Et Al., 1985; Andreae, 1990; Climate, Atmospheric Chemical Processes
    Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 1325–1340, 2016 www.atmos-meas-tech.net/9/1325/2016/ doi:10.5194/amt-9-1325-2016 © Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Challenges associated with the sampling and analysis of organosulfur compounds in air using real-time PTR-ToF-MS and offline GC-FID Véronique Perraud, Simone Meinardi, Donald R. Blake, and Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA Correspondence to: Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts (bjfi[email protected]) and Donald R. Blake ([email protected]) Received: 10 November 2015 – Published in Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss.: 15 December 2015 Revised: 2 March 2016 – Accepted: 3 March 2016 – Published: 30 March 2016 Abstract. Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) are naturally 1 Introduction emitted via various processes involving phytoplankton and algae in marine regions, from animal metabolism, and from Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) such as methanethiol biomass decomposition inland. These compounds are mal- (CH3SH, MTO), dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3, DMS), odorant and reactive. Their oxidation to methanesulfonic and dimethyl disulfide (CH3SSCH3, DMDS), and dimethyl sulfuric acids leads to the formation and growth of atmo- trisulfide (CH3SSSCH3, DMTS) have been measured in air spheric particles, which are known to influence clouds and (Nguyen et al., 1983; Andreae et al., 1985; Andreae, 1990; climate, atmospheric chemical processes. In addition, par- Andreae et al., 1993; Aneja, 1990; Bates et al., 1992; Watts, ticles in air have been linked to negative impacts on vis- 2000; de Bruyn et al., 2002; Xie et al., 2002; Jardine et al., ibility and human health. Accurate measurements of the 2015).
    [Show full text]