2019 Board-Approved Grants
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Infected Areas As at 7 January 1993 Zones Infectées Au 7 Janvier 1993
WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD, Mo. 1/2,8 JANUARY 1993 • RELEVE EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE, N* 1/2,8 JANVIER 1991 on specific formal courses. Such supervision and training en cours d'emploi plutôt qu'à des cours théoriques. Cet encadrement should* emphasize a problem-solving approach and chal et cette formation devraient insister sur la solution des problèmes lenge workers to improve the immunization and disease et encourager les agents de santé à améliorer les systèmes de vacci control systems. nation et de lutte contre la maladie. Research and development Recherche et développement Research and development have played a critical role in the La recherche et le développement ont été déterminants pour le success of the EPI. Although it may be difficult in times of succès du PEV. Il est parfois difficile, en période de crise écono limited resources to invest in research, such investments will mique, d'investir dans la recherche, mais ce genre d'investissement be essential to further improve prevention of infectious est indispensable si l'on veut améliorer encore la prévention des diseases. Research priorities for the future must include maladies infectieuses. Entre autres priorités de recherche pour developing and improving disease control strategies, im l'avenir figurent la mise au point et l'amélioration des stratégies de proving diagnostic techniques for EPI target diseases, lutte contre la maladie, l'amélioration des techniques de diagnostic enhancing surveillance and programme monitoring tools, des maladies cibles du PEV, le renforcement de la surveillance et augmenting cold chain and logistic support and developing des outils pour le suivi des programmes, l'amélioration de la chaîne new and improved vaccines. -
Nicaragua Ex-Post Evaluation of Japanese Grant Aid Project
Nicaragua Ex-Post Evaluation of Japanese Grant Aid Project “The Project for Improvement of Basic Education Facilities in the Department of Rivas, Boaco y Chontales” External Evaluator: Junko Noguchi, FASID 0. Summary In Nicaragua, deficient and decrepit school and classroom conditions have hindered children’s enrollment, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) has implemented a program for improving school facilities. This Project’s relevancy is high since it aims to improve the learning environment in target areas by constructing facilities for basic education in Rivas, Boaco and Chontales. Although the Project was completed within the planned costs and timeframe, delays in the preparatory work (such as land registration), lead to slightly fewer classrooms being built than planned. Therefore the efficiency is fair. The learning environment is considered to have been improved based on the high appreciation expressed by school principals, teachers and students for improvements in the size of the classrooms, the use of daylight in the classrooms and the usage of desks and chairs. The effectiveness is high. Operation and management (O&M) of the facility largely depend on the success of a new needs prioritization system and on the financial capacity of the schools and parents. Therefore the sustainability is fair. In light of the above, this Project is evaluated to be satisfactory. 1. Project Description Honduras Nicaragua Boaco Chontales Managua (Capital ) Rivas Costa Rica Project location. Standard structure. (Rivas, Boaco and Chontales) (Virgen Guadalupe School in Boaco Department) 1.1 Background In 2004, although the national net enrollment rate at the primary education level was 82.6%, universal enrollment was regarded as difficult to reach. -
Understanding Tourism Within a Social-Ecological System: Ometepe Island, Nicaragua
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2019 Understanding Tourism Within a Social-Ecological System: Ometepe Island, Nicaragua Chelsea Leigh Leven The University Of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Part of the Community-Based Research Commons, Latin American Studies Commons, Leisure Studies Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, and the Tourism Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Leven, Chelsea Leigh, "Understanding Tourism Within a Social-Ecological System: Ometepe Island, Nicaragua" (2019). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 11518. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/11518 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNDERSTANDING TOURISM WITHIN A SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM: OMETEPE ISLAND, NICARAGUA By CHELSEA LEIGH LEVEN B.A. Geology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 2005 Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Resource Conservation Option in International Conservation and Development W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation The University of Montana Missoula, Montana December 2019 Approved by: Scott Whittenburg, Dean of The Graduate School Graduate School Dr. Keith Bosak, Committee Chair Department of Society and Conservation Dr. Brian C. Chaffin, Committee Member Department of Society and Conservation Dr. Sarah J. Halvorson, Committee Member Department of Geography ABSTRACT Leven, Chelsea Leigh, M.S., December 2019 Resource Conservation UNDERSTANDING TOURISM WITHIN A SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM: OMETEPE ISLAND, NICARAGUA Chairperson: Dr. -
The Project for the Study of National Transport Plan in the Republic of Nicaragua
Republic of Nicaragua Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure The Project for the Study of National Transport Plan in the Republic of Nicaragua Final Report June 2014 Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA) CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd. Exchange rate 1 USD = 25.00 NIO (MTI rate for 2013) Project Location Map Nicaragua National Transportation Plan Final Report Table of Contents Project Location Map Table of Contents List of Figure List of Table Acronyms and Abbreviations Project Brief Page Chapter 1 Outline of the Study ...................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background of the Project ..................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objectives of the Project ....................................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Scope of the Study ................................................................................................................ 1-2 1.4 Study Area ............................................................................................................................. 1-2 1.5 Study Implementation Method .............................................................................................. 1-2 1.5.1 Basic Approach to the Study ......................................................................................... 1-2 1.5.2 Study Schedule and Flow ............................................................................................. -
Rapid Assessment of Drinking-Water Quality in the Republic of Nicaragua
RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING-WATER QUALITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF NICARAGUA COUNTRY REPORT ii RAPID ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING-WATER QUALITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF NICARAGUA COUNTRY REPORT OF THE PILOT PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION IN 2004-2005 Prepared by Jorge Mendoza Aldana 2010 iii WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Rapid assessment of drinking-water quality in the Republic of Nicaragua: country report of the pilot project implementation in 2004-2005 / by Jorge Mendoza Aldana. 1.Potable water - standards. 2.Water quality - standards. 3.Water - standards. 4.Nicaragua. I.Mendoza Aldana, Jorge. II.World Health Organization. III.UNICEF. ISBN 978 92 4 150058 6 (NLM classification: WA 675) © World Health Organization and UNICEF 2010 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). The World Health Organization and UNICEF welcome requests for permission to reproduce or translate their publications — whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution. Applications and enquiries should be addressed to WHO, Office of Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected] or to UNICEF, Division of Communication, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York 10017, United States of America (fax: +1 212 303 7985; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization or UNICEF concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Nicaragua: Joint Recontra-Recompa Forces Launch Protest Actions Deborah Tyroler
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiCen Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 5-1-1992 Nicaragua: Joint Recontra-recompa Forces Launch Protest Actions Deborah Tyroler Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen Recommended Citation Tyroler, Deborah. "Nicaragua: Joint Recontra-recompa Forces Launch Protest Actions." (1992). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ noticen/7372 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiCen by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 061490 ISSN: 1089-1560 Nicaragua: Joint Recontra-recompa Forces Launch Protest Actions by Deborah Tyroler Category/Department: General Published: Friday, May 1, 1992 April 20: Reports from local media sources indicated that a joint group of recontras and recompas, known as "revueltos," occupied the towns of La Concordia and San Sebastian de Yali, Jinotega department. April 21: Sandinista Popular Army (EPS) spokespersons reported that 20 recontras ambushed and killed five peasants in La Patriota, 240 km. east of Managua. April 22: Customs inspector David Rivera told reporters that revueltos forced personnel at the El Espino border crossing to leave their posts. El Espino, Madriz department, is Nicaragua's principal overland crossing with Honduras. Rivera said the blockade prevented passage of about 40 trucks carrying cargo from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, en route to Costa Rica and Panama. The recompa and recontra high commands issued a communique asserting that transportation blockades in Jinotega, Esteli and Matagalpa departments were a response to the government's failure to follow through on commitments made to demobilized combatants. -
Pfogus • Peste Africa «Afrique
WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD, No. 3, 21 JANUARY 1994 • RELEVÉ ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE, N* 3,21 JANVIER 1994 Infected areas as at 20 January 1994 Zones infectées au 20 janvier 1994 For aitena used in compiling dus list, see bdow Les critères appliqués pour U compilation de cette liste sont publiés o-dessous X - Newly reported areas X - Nouvelles zones «g™1*»» • Peru* Pérou Djibouti Togo Sucre Department Pfogus Peste Cajamarca Department Golfe Distria To&ma Department Ghana Kioto Disma Valle Department Africa «Afrique - Chata Provmce AccraRegum T lama pktprt Kazah Disma Madagascar Accra D um a Costa Rica Miracosta Disma Greater Accra Distna Lacs Distria Lunon Province Antananarivo Protnnee Ogou Distna Ambchtdratrtmo S Préf Tocmocbe Distria Ashanti Region Sa n José Promnee San M iguel Province Central Segwn Sotouboua Distna Antananartvo-Avaradrano S. Préf Nanchoc Distna Vo Distna R rm u ln p • PjpatM M » Ambatolampy S. Préf Upper E ast Region Azuay Provmce San Gregono Distna Vota Region Yoto Distna Argozorobe S. Préf. San Miguel Distria Bohuar Prouace Antananarivo S. Pré/. iTyoïwiq i Ouganda Cahar Province San Pablo Provmce Guinea • Guinée Kasese Disma Antananarivo District Conakry Province Carcht Provmce Ataomfoisy S. Pref San Louis Distna Ptura Department Forécanab Préfecture Zaire * Zaïre Cfmnborazo Promue Antsirabe IS Préf. H aut Zaïre P rom ue Cotopaxi Provmce Antnrabe U S. Pref. Ayabaca Provmce Kenya Canales Distna Ktvu Promue El Oro Province ! Ambodiala District (Area not specified - Zone non Shaba Promue Esmeraidas Provmce Ambohitsimanova District T agiinm i DlSttia précisée) Montera Distna Galapagos Promue Ampasatanety District Zambia * Zambie Guayas Province Pamiftte rhctTtrr liberia • Libéria Central Promue Manandona D um a Bong County Imbabura Promue Soanindranny Distna SapîQîca Distria Tjicalra Suyo Distna Mnntscraado County Copperbek Prom ue Lsrja P rom ue Tsarofar District Los Rus Promue Vînaninlfgn»n!i DlStllCt Huancabamba Provmce Malawi Eastern Provmce Manabt Provmce Anvommamo S. -
Master Thesis Work 2010
Agricultural Science and Resource Management in the Tropics and Subtropics (ARTS) Department of Phytopathology & Nematology in Soil Ecosystems (INRES) Occurrence, incidence and grower perception of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense in banana intercropped with coffee and trees in Costa Rica and Nicaragua smallholders. Thesis In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the academic degree of Master of Science of the Faculty of Agriculture Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Submitted on 20 th May 2010 by Paulo dos Santos Faria Lichtemberg Brazil Department of Phytopathology & Nematology in Soil Ecosystems (INRES) Occurrence, incidence and grower perception of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense in banana intercropped with coffee and trees in Costa Rica and Nicaragua smallholders. Thesis In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the academic degree of Master of Science of the Faculty of Agriculture Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Submitted on 20 th May 2010 by Paulo dos Santos Faria Lichtemberg Brazil Main supervisor Prof. Dr. Richard Sikora Co-supervisor Dr. Alexander Schouten Chair person Prof. Dr. Holger Hindorf Acknowledgments Dr. Professor Richard A Sikora and Dr. Luis E. Pocasangre, For the opportunity and trust. Dr. Charles Staver, Dr. Oscar Bustamante, For the intense work. Cindy Castillo, Ligia Quezada, David Brown, Juan Ortiz, Manrique González and Nancy Chaves, For the friendship and field work support. M.Sc. Christian Dold, For the patience friendship and the experience we share during our field arbeit. Dr. Alfonso J. Cabrera and Dr. Roy Menjivar, For your intense friendship and advices. M.Sc. Professor Wilber Salazar, David Concepción and M.Sc. Juan Castillón, For the assistance in Nicaragua. -
Lake Cocibolca/Nicaragua Experience and Lessons Learned Brief
Lake Cocibolca/Nicaragua Experience and Lessons Learned Brief Salvador Montenegro-Guillén*, Research Center for Inland Waters of Nicaragua (CIRA/UNAN), Managua, Nicaragua, [email protected] * Corresponding author 1. Introduction and foreigners who sought to grasp the geopolitical assets of the Nicaraguan freshwater inland sea and its connection to Lake Cocibolca (Figure 1), also know as Lake Nicaragua, is the Caribbean through the San Juan River. This magnifi cent the largest freshwater lake in Central America and one of the lake occupies the middle section of the tectonic valley shared largest in the Americas. The history of Nicaragua and Central with two other watersheds: Lake Xolotlán (Managua) is the America has developed linked to the interests of conquerors upper watershed, Lake Cocibolca (Nicaragua) is the middle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igure 1. -
Household Study of Nicaraguan Migrant Women
PROJECT INT/00/M62/NET “PROMOTING DECENT EMPLOYMENT FOR MIGRANT WOMEN AND IMPROVED WELFARE FOR THEIR FAMILIES IN NICARAGUA” HOUSEHOLD STUDY OF NICARAGUAN WOMEN WHO HAVE EMIGRATED TO COSTA RICA SEEKING EMPLOYMENT Final Report Managua, July 2001 Prepared by: Milagros Barahona Portocarrero National Project Coordinator With assistance from: Sonia Agurto, Consultant Household Study of Nicaraguan Female Emigrant Laborers in Costa Rica CONTENTS Theme Page Number 0. Introduction 4 0.1 Study Context 4 0.2 Project Rationales: Why Migration? 4 0.3 Report Content 4 CHAPTER 1 1. Methodology 5 1.1 Conceptual References 5 1.2 Areas of Study 7 1.3 Criteria and Procedures for Selecting the Sample 7 1.4 Data Collection Techniques 7 1.5 Information Processing 8 1.6 Problems Encountered 8 1.7 Terms of Reference for the MW Household Survey 8 CHAPTER 2 2. Contexto Nacional 11 2.1 Socio-Demographic Context 11 2.1.1 The Country 11 2.1.2 The Sample Municipalities and Departments 11 2.2 The National Socio-Economic Context 13 2.2.1 Poverty 13 2.2.2 Employment and Income Nationwide 14 2.2.3 Women's Economic Contribution 15 2.2.4 Child Labor 16 2.2.5 Migration in Nicaragua 17 CHAPTER 3 3. Characteristics of the Households of Female Migrant Laborers 19 3.1 Number of Households and their Rural-Urban Distribution, by Municipality 19 3.2 Households and the Number of People per Dwelling or Home 19 3.3 Composition of Heads of Household, by Age and Gender 20 3.4 Composition of Household Members, by Age and Gender 20 3.5 Marital Status 22 3.6 Educational Levels 22 3.7 Place of Origin and Residence 25 3.8 Employment and Main Activities 25 3.9 Employment Income and Revenue from Other Sources 27 CHAPTER 4 4. -
Lake Cocibolca/Nicaragua
Lake Basin Management Initiative Experience and Lessons Learned Brief Lake Cocibolca/Nicaragua Salvador Montenegro-Guillén* Centro para la Investigación en Recursos Acuáticos de Nicaragua (CIRA/UNAN) 1. Introduction Lake Cocibolca/Nicaragua is the largest freshwater lake in Central America and one of the largest in the Americas. The history of Nicaragua and Central America has developed linked to the inter- ests of conquerors and foreigners who sought to grasp the geopolitical assets of the Nicaraguan freshwater inland sea and its connection to the Caribbean through the San Juan River. This mag- nificent lake occupies the middle section of the tectonic valley shared with two other watersheds: Lake Xolotlán at upper, Lake Cocibolca and the San Juan River. This area forms the largest in- ternational drainage basin in Central America, with a total area of 41 600 km2, of which 70% or 29,000 km 2 are in Nicaraguan territory and 12,600 or 30% on Costa Rica. Background The Country Nicaragua is located at geographic coordinates: 13 00 N, 85 00 W (Center of the country), and is at the center of Central American countries. Figure 1 shows the geographic location of Nicaragua in the Americas. The Pacific Coast of Nicaragua was settled This paper was presented at the Lake Basin Management Initiative Regional Workshop for Europe, Central Asia and the Americas as a Spanish colony in the early 16th centu- held at Saint Michaelʼs College in Vermont, USA, 18-21 June ry. Independence from Spain was declared 2003. The workshop was organized by LakeNet in cooperation with SMC and the International Lake Environment Committee in 1821 and the country became an indepen- with funding from the Global Environment Facility, U.S.