Weekly Epidemiological Record Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire

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Weekly Epidemiological Record Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire likivEptdem Rite - Reiewepidem hebd. 1987,62,173-180 No. 24 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTÉ GENEVA GENÈVE WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD RELEVÉ ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE Telegraphic A giras - EPIDNATIONS GENEVA Telex 27821 Adresse UUgraphique: EPIDNAHONS GENÈVE THex 27821 Automatic Telex Reply Service Service automatique de réponse par tétei Telex 2S1S0 Geneva with ZCZC and ENGL lore reply m English Télex 28130 Genève suivi de ZCZC et FRAN pour une réponse en français 12 JUNE 1987 62nd YEAR -6 2 e ANNÉE 12 JUIN 1987 EXPANDED PROGRAMME ON IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME ÉLARGI DE VACCINATION Programme acceleration Accélération dn programme S y r ia n A r a b R e p u b l ic . — Each year an estimated 5 000-7 000 R é pu b l iq u e ara be sy r ien n e . — On estime à 5 000-7 000 le nombre Syrian infants and young children have been dying of vaccine- des nourrissons et jeunes enfants syriens qui meurent chaque année de preventable diseases and many more have suffered the debili­ maladies évitables par la vaccination, beaucoup d’autres ayant subi les tating, and sometimes crippling, effects of these diseases. In order effets débilitants de ces maladies et demeurant parfois infirmes. Pour to reduce this toll in young lives, the Government, with support réduire ce lourd tribut en vies humaines, le Gouvernement, avec l’appui from UNICEF and WHO, initiated an Expanded Programme of du FISE et de l’OMS, a mis en route un programme élargi de vaccination Immunization in 6 of the 14 govemorates in 1978. T wo years later en 1978dans6des 14 gouvemorats. Deux années plus tard le programme the programme was extended to cover the entire country through a fut étendu a la totalité du territoire national par l’emploi combiné d’équi­ combination of fixed health facilities and mobile outreach teams. pements sanitaires fixes et d’antennes périphériques. En 1985, des In 1985 locally conducted surveys reported coverage levels of enquêtes menées à l'échelon local ont révélé une couverture d’environ approximately 30%. Coverage of women of reproductive age with 30%. De plus, la couverture vaccinale par anatoxine tétanique des tetanus toxoid was also reported at a low 3%. With such a slow rate femmes en âge de procréer ne dépassait pas 3%. Avec une progression of progress, more than 10 years would be required to achieve uni­ aussi lente, il aurait fallu plus de 10 ans pour parvenir à une couverture versal coverage. During this time tens of thousands of lives would totale. Pendant ce temps, des dizaines de milliers de vies humaines be lost. seraient perdues. A national immunization campaign was therefore conducted Une campagne nationale de vaccination a donc été menée en 1986 pour during 1986 in order to accelerate immunization. The objective accélérer l’exécution du programme. Un double objectifétait fixé: /) vac­ was two-fold: (/) to immunize 80% of children below the age of ciner 80% des enfants de moins de 5 ans contre la tuberculose, la diph­ 5 years against tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, poliomyelitis térie, la coqueluche, le tétanos, la poliomyélite et la rougeole; « ) admi­ and measles, and (u) to administer tetanus toxoid to a maximum nistrer l’anatoxme tétanique à un nombre maximal de femmes dans le number of women in the age group 15-45 years. groupe d’âge 15-45 ans. Nearly all sectors of Government and society took part in the Presque tous les secteurs des pouvoirs publics et de la société ont preparation and implementation of the campaign. participé aux préparatifs et à l’exécution de cette campagne. A multi-media promotion and education strategy was devel­ Une stratégie multimédias de promotion et d’éducation a été élaborée oped and implemented by a multi-sectoral team which included et mise en œuvre par une équipe plurisectonelle à laquelle participaient the ministries of health, information, education, national televi­ les ministères de la santé, de l’information et de l’éducation, la télévision sion and radio as well as UNICEF. Messages were prepared based et la radiodiffusion nationale et le FISE. Elle a préparé des messages on the results of focus group research and on studies of knowledge, fondés sur les résultats de recherches collectives et d’enquêtes sur la attitude and practice. The research revealed very low levels of connaissance, l’attitude et le comportement. Ces recherches ont révélé knowledge about immunization, although many people knew and une très faible connaissance de la vaccination, mais beaucoup de monde feared poliomyelitis and were aware of the dangers of measles. The connaissait et redoutait la poliomyélite etavait conscience des dangers de strategy therefore focussed on promoting poliomyelitis and mea­ la rougeole. La stratégie a donc été axée sur la promotion de la vaccination sles immunization through television and radio. DPT, which is antipoliomyéhtique et anurougeoleuse par le canal de la télévision et de la much less well understood, is always given at the same time as radio. Le DTC, beaucoup moins bien compris,est toujours administré en polio vaccine and thus coverage was achieved along with polio­ même temps que le vaccin anupoliomyélitique, de sorte que ces 2 cou­ myelitis. As the target age group for the campaign was all un- vertures vaccinales ont été réalisées simultanément Comme le groupe lmmunized children under 60 months of age, the immunization d’âge visé pour cette campagne se composait de tous les enfants non schedule was not emphasized. Hundreds of television and radio vaccinés âgés de moins de 60 mois, l’accent n’a pas été mis sur le calen­ hours were devoted to direct campaign reports, spots and full- drier de vaccination. Des centaines d’heures d’antenne ont été consacrées length features. Hundreds of workers at the local level encouraged à des reportages en direct sur la campagne, des flashes et des émissions families to bring their children to the immunization units during spéciales. Au niveau local, des centaines de personnels ont encouragé les the 3 rounds of the campaign. familles à conduire leurs enfants aux centres de vaccination pendant les 3 phases de la campagne. Prior to the campaign health workers were trained and cold Avant la campagne, les personnels de santé ont reçu une formation et chain equipment was distributed to each of the immunization de l’équipement de la chaîne de froid a été livré à chacun des centres de sues vaccination. Epidemiological notch contained in this issue. Informations épidémiologiques contenues dans ce numéro- Cholera, emergency preparedness and response, Expanded Choléra, éducation pour la santé, préparation aux situations Programme on Immunization, health education, maternal d’urgence et organisation des secours, programme élargi de vacci­ and child health, smoking and health. nation, santé maternelle et infantile, tabac et santé. List of newly infected areas, p. 18U. Liste des zones nouvellement infectées, p. 180. W Uv Eptdem R n No 24 - 12 June 1987 174 - Rclc\e cpidi’m kebd N“ 24 - [2 juin 1987 The campaign was implemented m 3 rounds with a 1-month La campagne a été menée en 3 phases de septembre à novembre 1986, interval in between, during the period September-Novçmber avec des intervalles d’un mois. Chaque phase devait durer 6 jours, mats il 1986. Each round was scheduled to last 6 days, but an extension of a fallu les prolonger en maints endroits. this period was required m many places. Evaluation methodology Méthode d’évaluation Although a comprehensive reporting system was developed to Bien qu’un système complet de notification au été mis au point pour provide operational feedback during the campaign, a post-cam­ assurer une rétroinformation opérationnelle pendant la campagne, une paign coverage survey was carried out by a joint Government, équipe mixte Gouvemement/FISE/OMS a aussi effectué une enquête sur UNICEF and WHO team. In order to assess coverage at the gov- la couverture vaccinale après la campagne. Afin d’évaluer la couverture emorate level, 1 set of 30 clusters was selected from each of the au niveau des gouvemorats, une série de 30 grappes a été choisie dans 14govemorates, and 2 were selected from Aleppo govemorate chacun des 14 gouvemorats et 2 dans le gouvemorat d’Alep en raison de because of its large population which is evenly divided between sa population nombreuse qui se répartit à égalité entre zones urbaines et urban and rural areas. The 7 index children were bom between zones rurales. Les 7 enfants de référence étaient nés entre le 1“ mars 1985 1 March 1985 and 28 February 1986. These children were aged et le 28 février 1986. Ces enfants étaient âgés de 10 à 22 mois à la fin de la 10-22 months at the end of the campaign period and should there­ campagne et devaient donc avoir reçu la vaccination complète à l’issue de fore be fully immunized by the last round. While completing the la dernière phase. Tout en achevant l’évaluation de la grappe de 7 enfants assessment of the cluster of 7 index children, a sample of at least de référence, l’équipe a choisi un échantillon d’au moins 23 enfants nés 23 children bom between 1 January 1982 and 28 February 1985 entre le 1er janvier 1982 et le 28 février 1985 afin d’évaluer la couverture was chosen to evaluate the coverage of these age groups. All vaccinale dans ces groupes d’âge. De plus, toutes les femmes en âge de women of reproductive age living in the cluster households were procréer faisant partie des ménages inclus dans la grappe ont été contrô­ also screened to assess tetanus toxoid coverage. All 450 clusters lées en vue de déterminer le degré de couverture par l’anatoxine téta­ were completed between 7 and 28 January 1987.
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