Yellow Toadflax

List BB SpeciesSpecies Rangeland, pasture, and riparian site recommendations 1

Colorado Dept. of Agriculture Yellow toadflax Conservation Services Division Identification and Management 700 Kipling Street Suite 4000 Lakewood, CO 80215 condition in natural disturbances or 303-239-4100 small openings.

he key to effective control of T Yellow toadflax is prevention and integrating as many management strategies as possible. Prevention is always desirable when dealing with Yellow toadflax. Early detection and eradication can keep populations from exploding, making more management options available. With the plants varying genetically using many different approaches is important such as; herbicide, mechanical, cultural and Identification and biological methods. Details on the back of this sheet can help to create Impacts a management plan compatible with your site ecology. ellow toadflax (Linaria Y vulgaris) is a perennial escaped ornamental plant that is native to the ellow toadflax is designated as a Mediterranean region. The leaves are Y“List B” species in the Colorado narrow, linear, and 1 to 2 inches long. Noxious Weed Act. It is required to The stems are woody at the base and be either eradicated, contained, or smooth toward the top. Sparingly suppressed depending on the local branched and 1 to 3 feet tall. The infestations. For more information showy snapdragon-like flowers are visit www.colorado.gov/ag/ bright yellow with a deep orange weeds and click on the Noxious Linaria vulgaris center and have a spur as long as the Weed Management Program. Or entire flower. It develops an extensive call the State Weed Coordinator root system, making control options at the Colorado Department of varied. Yellow toadflax displaces Agriculture, Conservation Services desirable plant communities reducing Division, 303-239-4100. Yellow toadflax ecological diversity and rangeland value. Decreases forage for domestic livestock, some big game species and decreases habitat for associated animal communities. The plant is known to be mildly poisonous to cattle. Goats and sheep have been Key ID Points known to graze the plants with little 1. Yellow flowers effect. that are like snapdragons with deep abitats for Yellow toadflax orange centers. H include roadsides, vacant lots, Infestation photo, above,© John M. 2. Stems that gravel pits, fields, waste areas, other Randall, The Nature Conservancy. Infestation are woody at disturbed sites and rangeland. It has map, Crystal Andrews, Colo.Dept.of adapted to a variety of site conditions, Agriculture. Flower photo, top, © Missouri the base and Extension. Flower bract photo, left,© Paul smooth to the from moist to dry and does well Slichter, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Updated on: top. in all types of soil. The plant can Point. Leaves photo © Gary Fewless, 02/08 even establish in areas of excellent Unviersity of Wisconsin, Stevens Point. 2 Integrated Weed Management recommendations List B Species

CULTURAL Integrated Establish select grasses and forbs Weed as an effective cultural control Management: of Yellow toadflax. Contact your local Natural Resources Conservation Service for seed mix Because of the recommendations. Bareground is high genetic prime habitat for weed invasions, variability of the so maintain healthy pastures and toadflax species prevent bare spots caused by it is critical overgrazing. to integrate as many management BIOLOGICAL strategies as Calophasia lunula, a predatory possible into noctuid moth, feeds on leaves the control and flowers of Yellow toadflax. program. Eteobalea intermediella, a root Two local boring moth and Mecinus janthinus populations a stem boring weevil are also may respond available. For more information, differently contact the Colorado Department of to the same Agriculture’s Insectary in Palisade, herbicides. Colorado at 970-464-7916. Keys to MECHANICAL management Handpulling or digging is not are to prevent recommended for eradication seed formation of Yellow toadflax because it’s and vegetative unlikely that the entire root will be spread by roots. excavated and a new plant is likely Controlling is to occur. A single new plant might expensive and be an exception. Tillage is not difficult to treat recommended due to the creeping toadflaxes, root system. prevention is

Management Recommendations the best option. HERBICIDES NOTE: The following are recommendations for herbicides that can be applied to range and pasture- lands. Rates are approximate and based on equipment with an output of 30 gallons per acre. Always read, understand, and follow the label directions. The herbicide label is the LAW!

Herbicide Rate Application Timing Chlorsulfuron (Telar - general Apply 1-3 oz/A product plus Apply at mid-flowering through use) 0.50% v/v MSO Silicone Blend fall. Telar has grazing restrictions surfactant (multiple brands above 1 1/3 oz/A rate. Please refer Yellow toadflax available) to the label for more detail. Picloram + Chlorsulfuron Apply at 1 qt/Acre Picloram + Apply at flowering through fall. (Tordon 22K - *restricted use* 1.25 oz/A Telar plus 0.25% v/v Typically late August through + Telar - general use) non-ionic surfactant. September application timing has shown best results. Re-treatment may be necessary. Refer to label for grazing restrictions on Telar.

Picloram (Tordon 22K - *re- Apply at 1.5 qt/A Apply in fall (late August through stricted use*) plus 0.25% v/v non-ionic September). Re-treatment may be surfactant or 1 qt/A crop oil necessary.

http://www.colorado.gov/ag/weeds concentrate