The Mon Language MJ 2015
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Mon-Khmer Studies Volume 41
Mon-Khmer Studies VOLUME 42 The journal of Austroasiatic languages and cultures Established 1964 Copyright for these papers vested in the authors Released under Creative Commons Attribution License Volume 42 Editors: Paul Sidwell Brian Migliazza ISSN: 0147-5207 Website: http://mksjournal.org Published in 2013 by: Mahidol University (Thailand) SIL International (USA) Contents Papers (Peer reviewed) K. S. NAGARAJA, Paul SIDWELL, Simon GREENHILL A Lexicostatistical Study of the Khasian Languages: Khasi, Pnar, Lyngngam, and War 1-11 Michelle MILLER A Description of Kmhmu’ Lao Script-Based Orthography 12-25 Elizabeth HALL A phonological description of Muak Sa-aak 26-39 YANIN Sawanakunanon Segment timing in certain Austroasiatic languages: implications for typological classification 40-53 Narinthorn Sombatnan BEHR A comparison between the vowel systems and the acoustic characteristics of vowels in Thai Mon and BurmeseMon: a tendency towards different language types 54-80 P. K. CHOUDHARY Tense, Aspect and Modals in Ho 81-88 NGUYỄN Anh-Thư T. and John C. L. INGRAM Perception of prominence patterns in Vietnamese disyllabic words 89-101 Peter NORQUEST A revised inventory of Proto Austronesian consonants: Kra-Dai and Austroasiatic Evidence 102-126 Charles Thomas TEBOW II and Sigrid LEW A phonological description of Western Bru, Sakon Nakhorn variety, Thailand 127-139 Notes, Reviews, Data-Papers Jonathan SCHMUTZ The Ta’oi Language and People i-xiii Darren C. GORDON A selective Palaungic linguistic bibliography xiv-xxxiii Nathaniel CHEESEMAN, Jennifer -
THAILAND Submission to the CERD Committee Coalition on Racial
Shadow Report on Eliminating Racial Discrimination: THAILAND Submission to the CERD Committee 1 Coalition on Racial Discrimination Watch Preamble: 1. “ We have a distinct way of life, settlement and cultivation practices that are intricately linked with nature, forests and wild life. Our ways of life are sustainable and nature friendly and these traditions and practices have been taught and passed on from one generation to the next. But now because of State policies and waves of modernisation we are struggling to preserve and maintain our traditional ways of life” Mr. Joni Odochao, Intellectual, Karen ethnic, Opening Speech at the Indigenous Peoples Day Festival in Chiangmai, Northern Thailand 2007 Introduction on Indigenous peoples and ethnic groups in Thailand 1 The coalition was established as a loose network at the Workshop Programme on 5th July 2012 on the Shadow Report on the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) organised by the Ethnic Studies and Development Center, Sociology Faculty, Chiangmai University in cooperation with Cross Cultural Foundation and the Highland Peoples Taskforce 1 2. The Network of Indigenous Peoples in Thailand2, in the International Working Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) yearbook on 2008, explained the background of indigenous peoples in Thailand. The indigenous people of Thailand are most commonly referred to as “hill tribes”, sometimes as “ethnic minorities”, and the ten officially recognised ethnic groups are usually called “chao khao” (meaning “hill/mountain people” or “highlanders”). These and other indigenous people live in the North and North-western parts of the country. A few other indigenous groups live in the North-east and indigenous fishing communities and a small population of hunter-gatherers inhabit the South of Thailand. -
Mon Affairs Union Representative: Nai Bee Htaw Monzel
Mon Affairs Union Representative: Nai Bee Htaw Monzel Mr. Chairman or Madame Chairperson I would like to thank you for giving me the opportunity to participate in the Forum. I am representative from the Mon Affairs Union. The Mon Affairs Union is the largest Mon political and social organization in Mon State. It was founded by Mon organizations both inside and outside Burma in 2008. Our main objective to restore self-determination rights for Mon people in Burma. Mon people is an ethnic group and live in lower Burma and central Thailand. They lost their sovereign kingdom, Hongsawatoi in 1757. Since then, they have never regained their self- determination rights. Due to lack of self-determination rights, Mon people are barred from decision making processes on social, political and economic policies. Mon State has rich natural resources. Since the Mon do not have self-determination rights, the Mon people don’t have rights to make decision on using these resources. Mon State has been ruled by Burmese military for many years. Burmese military government extracts these resources and sells to neighboring countries such as China and Thailand. For example, the government sold billions of dollars of natural gas from Mon areas to Thailand. Instead of investing the income earned from natural gas in Mon areas, the government bought billion dollars of arms from China and Russia to oppress Mon people. Due Burmese military occupation in Mon areas, livelihoods of Mon people economic life have also been destroyed. Since 1995, Burmese military presence in Mon areas was substantially increased. Before 1995, Burma Army had 10 battalions in Mon State. -
Late Jomon Male and Female Genome Sequences from the Funadomari Site in Hokkaido, Japan
ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE Vol. 127(2), 83–108, 2019 Late Jomon male and female genome sequences from the Funadomari site in Hokkaido, Japan Hideaki KANZAWA-KIRIYAMA1*, Timothy A. JINAM2, Yosuke KAWAI3, Takehiro SATO4, Kazuyoshi HOSOMICHI4, Atsushi TAJIMA4, Noboru ADACHI5, Hirofumi MATSUMURA6, Kirill KRYUKOV7, Naruya SAITOU2, Ken-ichi SHINODA1 1Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba City, Ibaragi 305-0005, Japan 2Division of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima City, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan 3Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan 4Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan 5Department of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan 6Second Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0061, Japan 7Department of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara City, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan Received 18 April 2018; accepted 15 April 2019 Abstract The Funadomari Jomon people were hunter-gatherers living on Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan c. 3500–3800 years ago. In this study, we determined the high-depth and low-depth nuclear ge- nome sequences from a Funadomari Jomon female (F23) and male (F5), respectively. We genotyped the nuclear DNA of F23 and determined the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I genotypes and the phenotypic traits. Moreover, a pathogenic mutation in the CPT1A gene was identified in both F23 and F5. The mutation provides metabolic advantages for consumption of a high-fat diet, and its allele fre- quency is more than 70% in Arctic populations, but is absent elsewhere. -
Mon-Khmer Studies
Mon-Khmer Studies Volume 42 Author: Narinthorn Sombatnan BEHR Title: A comparison between the vowel systems and the acoustic characteristics of vowels in Thai Mon and Burmese Mon: a tendency towards different language types. Pages: 54-80 Date received: 1/5/2013 Revised text accepted: 17/9/2013 Copyright for this paper vested in the author Released under Creative Commons Attribution License Volume 42 Editors: Paul Sidwell Brian Migliazza ISSN: 0147-5207 Website: http://mksjournal.org Published by: Mahidol University (Thailand) SIL International (USA) A comparison between the vowel systems and the acoustic characteristics of vowels in Thai Mon and Burmese Mon: 1 a tendency towards different language types Narinthorn Sombatnan BEHR Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University Abstract Previous acoustic studies on a variety of Thai Mon (TM) (Luangthongkum, 1988a; 1990) have found salient pitch patterns, which would seem to indicate a tendency to evolve into a tonal language. However, no acoustic analyses have been undertaken in Burmese varieties of Mon (BM). This research is a synchronic study of vowel systems with an acoustic analysis of vowels in four TM and four BM varieties. A number of vowel phonemes and characteristics were found to be slightly different in TM and BM. H1-A1 and F0 values show a clear distinction between clear vowels and breathy vowels in TM and BM. Conversely, on-gliding and off-gliding vowels were mainly found in BM varieties. Overall, TM and BM are register languages with a pitch pattern. Nevertheless, in the future, TM may become a solely tonal language, while BM seems to tend towards becoming either a tonal language or a restructured one. -
The Aslian Languages of Malaysia and Thailand: an Assessment
Language Documentation and Description ISSN 1740-6234 ___________________________________________ This article appears in: Language Documentation and Description, vol 11. Editors: Stuart McGill & Peter K. Austin The Aslian languages of Malaysia and Thailand: an assessment GEOFFREY BENJAMIN Cite this article: Geoffrey Benjamin (2012). The Aslian languages of Malaysia and Thailand: an assessment. In Stuart McGill & Peter K. Austin (eds) Language Documentation and Description, vol 11. London: SOAS. pp. 136-230 Link to this article: http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/131 This electronic version first published: July 2014 __________________________________________________ This article is published under a Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial). The licence permits users to use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article provided that the author is attributed as the original creator and that the reuse is restricted to non-commercial purposes i.e. research or educational use. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ______________________________________________________ EL Publishing For more EL Publishing articles and services: Website: http://www.elpublishing.org Terms of use: http://www.elpublishing.org/terms Submissions: http://www.elpublishing.org/submissions The Aslian languages of Malaysia and Thailand: an assessment Geoffrey Benjamin Nanyang Technological University and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore 1. Introduction1 The term ‘Aslian’ refers to a distinctive group of approximately 20 Mon- Khmer languages spoken in Peninsular Malaysia and the isthmian parts of southern Thailand.2 All the Aslian-speakers belong to the tribal or formerly- 1 This paper has undergone several transformations. The earliest version was presented at the Workshop on Endangered Languages and Literatures of Southeast Asia, Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology, Leiden, in December 1996. -
Using the National Historic Preservation Act to Protect Iconic Species
Hastings Environmental Law Journal Volume 12 Number 2 Spring 2006 Article 5 1-1-2006 The Cultural Significance of Wildlife: Using the National Historic Preservation Act to Protect Iconic Species Ingrid Brostrom Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_environmental_law_journal Part of the Environmental Law Commons Recommended Citation Ingrid Brostrom, The Cultural Significance of Wildlife: Using the National Historic Preservation Act to Protect Iconic Species, 12 Hastings West Northwest J. of Envtl. L. & Pol'y 147 (2006) Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_environmental_law_journal/vol12/iss2/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Environmental Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WEST NORTHWEST I have raised my children from the gifts from this sea. It’s our mission to pass this treasure to our offspring.1 - Oba San, 92-year-old Okinawan protestor The Cultural Significance of Wildlife: Using the National Historic I. Introduction Preservation Act to Protect Iconic Species Whether it be the emblematic bald eagle flying majestically overhead or the spawning salmon winding its way upstream, certain animals represent the By Ingrid Brostrom* cultural backbone of a people and bring meaning to the human world around them. A community can survive without these species but its unique cultural iden- tity may not. While every species has bio- logical and ecological value, some deserve extra protection for the signifi- cance they derive from the human popu- lations around them. -
Collective Consciousness of Ethnic Groups in the Upper Central Region of Thailand
Collective Consciousness of Ethnic Groups in the Upper Central Region of Thailand Chawitra Tantimala, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Thailand The Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences 2019 Official Conference Proceedings Abstract This research aimed to study the memories of the past and the process of constructing collective consciousness of ethnicity in the upper central region of Thailand. The scope of the study has been included ethnic groups in 3 provinces: Lopburi, Chai-nat, and Singburi and 7 groups: Yuan, Mon, Phuan, Lao Vieng, Lao Khrang, Lao Ngaew, and Thai Beung. Qualitative methodology and ethnography approach were deployed on this study. Participant and non-participant observation and semi-structured interview for 7 leaders of each ethnic group were used to collect the data. According to the study, it has been found that these ethnic groups emigrated to Siam or Thailand currently in the late Ayutthaya period to the early Rattanakosin period. They aggregated and started to settle down along the major rivers in the upper central region of Thailand. They brought the traditional beliefs, values, and living style from the motherland; shared a sense of unified ethnicity in common, whereas they did not express to the other society, because once there was Thai-valued movement by the government. However, they continued to convey the wisdom of their ancestors to the younger generations through the stories from memory, way of life, rituals, plays and also the identity of each ethnic group’s fabric. While some groups blend well with the local Thai culture and became a contemporary cultural identity that has been remodeled from the profoundly varied nations. -
The Mon Language Editmj
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 The Mon language:recipient and donor between Burmese and Thai Jenny, Mathias Abstract: Mon is spoken in south Myanmar and parts of central and northern Thailand and has been in intense contact with its neighboring languages for many centuries. While Mon was the culturally and politically dominant language in the first millennium, its role was reduced to a local minority language first in Thailand, later in Myanmar. The different contact situations in which the Mon languagehas been between Thailand and Myanmar has led to numerous instances of language change. The influence has not been one-way, with Mon on the receiving end only, but Mon was also the source of restructuring in Burmese and Thai. The present paper attempts to trace some of the contact induced changes in the three languages involved. It is not always clear which language was the source of shared vocabulary and constructions, but in many cases linguistic and historical facts can be adduced to find answers. While Mon language use in Thailand is diminishing fast and Mon in this country is undergoing restructuring according to Thai patterns, in Myanmar Mon is actually still exerting influence on Burmese, albeit mostly on a local level in varieties spoken in Mon and Karen States. The contact between genetically and typologically very different languages as is the case here leads in many cases to linguistically interesting outcomes. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-81044 Journal Article Accepted Version Originally published at: Jenny, Mathias (2013). -
The Complex Tones of East/Southeast Asian Languages: Current Challenges for Typology and Modelling Alexis Michaud
The Complex Tones of East/Southeast Asian Languages: Current Challenges for Typology and Modelling Alexis Michaud To cite this version: Alexis Michaud. The Complex Tones of East/Southeast Asian Languages: Current Challenges for Typology and Modelling. Third International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages (TAL 2012), Nanjing, China (2012), 2012, China. pp.1-7. halshs-00676251 HAL Id: halshs-00676251 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00676251 Submitted on 7 Mar 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Keynote lecture at the Third International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages (TAL 2012), Nanjing, China (2012) http://www.tal2012.org/ The Complex Tones of East/Southeast Asian Languages: Current Challenges for Typology and Modelling Alexis Michaud 1 2 1 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS – LACITO, France 2 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS – CEFC, Hong Kong/Taipei [email protected] Asia, of phonation-type characteristics that are part and parcel Abstract of the definition of tones. In these systems, phonation types In some of the tone systems of East and Southeast Asian are not a distinctive feature orthogonal to tone, unlike in the languages, linguistic tone cannot simply be equated with Oto-Manguean language Trique, for instance [11]. -
Developing History Curricula to Support Multi-Ethnic Civil Society Among Burmese Refugees and Migrants
NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH Research Paper No. 139 Developing history curricula to support multi-ethnic civil society among Burmese refugees and migrants Rosalie Metro E-mail : [email protected] December 2006 Policy Development and Evaluation Service Policy Development and Evaluation Service United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees P.O. Box 2500, 1211 Geneva 2 Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.unhcr.org These papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates, as well as external researchers, to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related issues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online under ‘publications’ at <www.unhcr.org>. ISSN 1020-7473 Introduction What children learn about history is widely recognized to influence their perceptions and behavior, yet little attention has been given to how to design history curricula for young people in conflict or post-conflict situations. This paper discusses possibilities for development of history curricula that can support multi-ethnic civil society among Burmese refugees, exiles, migrants, and ethnic nationals.1 The paper is adapted from the Master’s thesis I completed in 2003. The research presented here was conducted in February and March of 2003 in Chiang Mai, Mae Sot, Bangkok, and Mae Hong Son, Thailand. Using an action research methodology and an interview guide approach, I investigated history curricula currently in use in refugee camps along the Thai-Burma border, in Burmese-run schools in Thailand, and areas controlled by ethnic nationality groups inside Burma, including ceasefire areas. I then evaluated strategies for redesigning these curricula. -
Burma/Thailand
December 1994 Vol. 6, No. 14 BURMA/THAILAND THE MON: PERSECUTED IN BURMA, FORCED BACK FROM THAILAND I. Summary.......................................................................................................................................3 Recommendations................................................................................................................4 II. Human Rights Violations of the Mon by the Burmese Government.........................................5 Arrests and Extrajudicial Executions of Suspected Rebels .................................................5 Abuses Associated With Taxation.......................................................................................5 Forced Relocations...............................................................................................................6 Forced Labor........................................................................................................................8 III. Abuses of the Mon by the Thai Government .........................................................................11 The Attack on Halockhani Camp and the Thai Response .................................................12 The Treatment of Mon Migrant Workers by Thai Authorities ..........................................14 Thai Policy Towards Mon and Other Burmese Refugees .................................................16 IV. Conclusions.............................................................................................................................19 V. Recommendations....................................................................................................................21