tain racial agitators can be officially identified as Communists or members of Communist-front A DOCUMENTED EXPOSE OF organizations. Respectable Negro organizations can then guard against infiltration by such identified Communists. (2) Use the documented facts in this pamphlet in writing letters to the editor of your local newspaper proving the Communist influence be• hind racial agitation in the nation or in your particular city. Be sure to send a copy of this COMMUNIST pamphlet with your letter, thereby substantiating your statements. (3) If the pastor of your church is unaware of the Communist influences in the civil rights move• ment, bring the facts in this pamphlet to his attention, as well as to the attention of the AGITATION leading laymen in your church. (4) Distribute copies of this pamphlet to depart• ment store owners, theater owners, hotel managers, etc., who would be affected by civil rights legislation which would deny business and owners the right to choose their customers. Also, distribute copies to owners of business establishments on whose premises racial de• monstrations have taken place or have been threate ned. (5) Mail or distribute copies to members of your RACIAL local School Board and local judges in order that they may have these documented facts which bring the real meaning of racial agitation into focus.

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- ii - Copyright 1963 by THE INDEPENDENT AMERICAN Tbe Negro situation is being exploited fully and the so-called Black Belt of the South, where continuously by Communists on a national scale. the Negroes are in the majority, they will have -•J. Edgar Hoover. Director the fullest right to govern themselves, and also Federal Bureau of Investigation such white minorities as may live in this January 16, 1958 section. A Communist pamphlet entitled The Negroes Attorney General Robert Kennedy on July in a Soviet America by James W. Ford and 25, 1963, issued a statement in which he said James S. Allen, published in June, 1935, by that "based on all available information from Workers Library Publishers, discussing the investigation and other sources" he had found proposed Negro republic in the Southern part of no evidence that "any of the top leaders of the United States, declared: the major civil rights groups are Communists or A Soviet government must confer greater benefits upon the Negroes than upon the Communist-controlled." In his all-inclusive whites, for the Negroes have started with statement Attorney General Kennedy thus dis• less. This is the real test of equality .... played his ignorance of the background of The actual extent of this new republic .... racial agitation in this nation. would be certain to include such cities as Richmond and Norfolk, Va.; Columbia and An editorial in the July 21, 1963, issue of Charleston, S. C; Atlanta, Augusta, Savannah The Worker, official organ of the Communist and Macon, Ga.; Montgomery, Ala.; New Party, U.S.A., has this to say: Orleans and Shreveport, La.; Little Rock, Ark.; and Memphis, Term. The Communist Party of the United States wholeheartedly and selflessly supports the just struggle of the Negro people for freedom NEGROES REJECT RED BAIT and integration in the political, economic, and social life of the nation. Much to the disappointment of the - In a statement before the Senate Internal indoctrinated leaders of the Communist Party, Security Subcommittee released on January 17, Negro Americans did not fall for the bait of a I960, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover quoted Soviet Negro republic in the South because it Lenin's statement made in 1902 that: soon became evident that the Communists were We (Communists) must go among all classes merely attempting to use the Negro. This was of the people as theoreticians, as propagan• borne out by the late Joseph Kornfeder, former dists, as agitators, and as organizers .... Communist, who appeared before the Joint Mr. Hoover then went on to also quote in• Legislative Committee, State of Louisiana, on structions issued by the Communist Party, March 7, 1957, and testified: U.S.A., to its members as early as 1925, as They (the Communists) aim to use the follows: Negro — preach a doctrine of racial nationalism The aim of our Party in our work among the — in order to use the Negro for their purposes. Negro masses is to create a powerful prole• Once they have used him, then they will do tarian movement which will fight and lead the with the Negro what they have done in struggle of the Negro race against exploitation with the peasant and the workingman. and oppression. Kornfeder's statement was corroborated by William Z. Foster, Communist leader, in his J. Edgar Hoover on January 16, 1958, when book, Toward Soviet America, published in Hoover said: 1932, discussed the role of Negroes by stating: The (Communist) Party's objectives are not The Negroes constitute a great potential to aid the Negroes — but are designed to take revolutionary force .... The Negro masses advantage of all controversial issues on the will make the very best fighters for the re• race question so as to create unrest, dissen• volution. sion and confusion in the minds of the Ameri• can people. In his book, Masters of Deceit, Mr. Hoover REDS PROPOSE NEGRO REPUBLIC IN SOUTH pointed out: As a means of enticing Negroes into the The (Communist) Party's sole interest, as Communist revolutionary movement, Foster most American Negroes know, is to hoodwink the Negro, exploit him, and use him as a tool promised that in a Soviet America "the Negro to build a Communist America. will have the most complete equality — eco• nomically, politically, and socially." In his book Foster also stated that: THE NEW RED LINE ON RACIAL AGITATION The right of self-determination will apply In view of continuing failure to "sell" the to Negroes in the American Sovier system. In American Negro on a Negro Soviet republic in - 1 - - 2 - the South, the 17th National Convention of the REDS URGE NEGRO REVOLUTION Communist Party, U.S.A., in December, 1959, In a pamphlet entitled Turning Point in announced an about-face on its long-established Freedom Road, by Negro Communist Claude policy which advocated the formation of a Negro Lightfoot, published in October, 1962, the nation within the United States. This marked a screws were turned tighter when Lightfoot, fundamental change in the line of the American calling for a step-up in agitation, stated: Communist Party which had dated back to 1930. Moscow-trained Negro Communist leader James The Negro movement has, by and large, Jackson, in explaining to the party faithful the broken with gradualism, and seeks revolu• turn-about on Communist policy stated that "it tionary solutions to its problems. This new Red line admittedly promoting has been misconstrued as a form of segrega• revolution in the U. S. was accentuated by tion." Negro leader Benjamin J. Davis, national Because of this policy change in the Red secretary of the CPUSA, in the August, 1963, line, white and Negro members of the CPUSA issue of the Communist publication Political reverted to an alternative official program of Affairs when Davis, in an article entitled "The action regarding racial agitation which had been Time is Now!" screamed: spelled out in 1932 by Communist leader William The whole country — north, east, south and Z. Foster in Toward Soviet America as follows: west — is in the throes of a peoples' revolu• tion . . . The Negro Freedom movement — The Communist Party actively promotes American counterpart of the national liberation . . . organizations to defend the rights of movements in Africa, above all, but also in Negroes . . . Where no mass organizations Asia and Latin America — has, since Birming• exist in these fields, the Party takes the ham — entered a new stage. initiative in forming them; where such are already in existence, and are headed by con• Here is proof positive of Communist direction servative officials, the Party follows the and control of such movements as the FLN policy of building an opposition within them (National Liberation Front) which took over and fighting for the revolutionary program and leadership. This is the so-called boring-from- Algeria, as well as Communist guerrillas such within policy. as the FALN (Armed Forces of National Libera• tion) in Venezuela. A column by Ray Cromley, appearing in the Birmingham, Ala., Post-Herald of August 8, Communist Davis, declaring that "the move• 1963, reveals that the Communist Party, U.S.A., ment aims to demolish so-called moderation," is now sending out Communists with specialized went on to say that "the struggle" will be training, instructing them to infiltrate local "fought out and won by the American people branches of Negro civil rights organizations within the framework of the present capitalist and to arrange for Party members to participate system." Davis further said: in local demonstrations. According to Mr. Birmingham brought the simmering upsurge Cromley "this grass-roots attempt to infiltrate of the people to a revolutionary pitch .... Communists believe that the "freedom now" the is currently, at least aims of the program answer the pressing — one of the major activities of the Communist democratic needs of the people and . . . (are) Party, U.S.A." the central domestic issue before the country. Despite the zigzags of the Communist Party At the same time, Communists believe the achievement of this program will lay an in• which may at times appear to be a retreat from dispensable basis, not only for the further former positions, the Communist Party, U.S.A., social program of the country, but for its never deviates from its prime objective which is socialist and communist future when U. S. to overthrow the constitutional government of imperialism . . . will be no more. the United States of America by any means Promising Communist support of the so- possible. called Negro Freedom movement led by organi• zations other than the Communist Party itself, In the September, 1962, issue of Political Davis exulted: Affairs, theoretical organ of the Communist The Communist Party greets with boundless Party, U.S.A., is found a deceptively under• joy the present revolutionary freedom move• stated declaration of Red aims, as follows: ment of the Negro people, and will spue no In the Negro peoples' movement the major sacrifice to help bring about its total victory task (for Communists, that is) is to support now . ... There is a wide area of agreement the struggle to end Jim Crow in housing, edu• between the Communist Party and the Negro cation, franchise, etc., and to stress the fight Freedom movement on program, aims and for jobs and adequate wages and relief . . . tactics.

- 3 - - 4 - casion has attempted to create the impression NEGROES MARCH ON , D.C. that it was an anti-Communist organization. Following several months of feverish plan• The shallowness of such professions of ning which manifested itself in a solid front of anti-Communism are clearly evident. For in• cooperation between the most important Negro stance, in 1956, Leroy Watkins, then executive civil rights groups in the country, more than secretary of the NAACP, warned all chapters to 150,000 Negroes marched on Washington, D.C. guard against the "intensive efforts" of Com• on August 28, 1963- The disciplined, placard- munists to infiltrate the NAACP. At the same carrying marchers, swarming over Constitution time, however, The Crisis, official publication Avenue, bore a sinister resemblance to May Day of the NAACP, was recommending books by scenes in Moscow's Red Square. Negro Claude Lightfoot, then chairman of the Who were the leaders and participants of this Illinois Communist Party, and Doxey E. Wilker- tightly-organized show of strength with its son, member of the Party's national committee, threatening overtones? as "must" background reading for Negroes. Among the Negro leaders in the forefront Only two years later, in March, 1958, the were, of course, Roy Wilkins, executive secre• NAACP leadership brought a court action in tary of the National Association for the Ad• Florida seeking to halt an investigation by the vancement of Colored People; Rev. Martin Florida Legislature of Communist activity in Luther King, president of the Southern Christian that State. Leadership Conference; A. Philip Randolph, The foregoing are examples of the so-called president of the AFL/CIO Brotherhood of Sleep• anti-Communist activities of the NAACP! ing Car Porters; and Whitney M. Young, Jr., executive director of the National Urban League. At the beginning of the ceremonies in front of the Lincoln Memorial, one of the speakers, SUBVERSIVE CHARACTER OF paying tribute to W. E. B. DuBois, who had just N.A.A.C.P. LEADERSHIP* died in Accra, Ghana, asked for a moment of Below are listed a few of the officers and silence. The huge crowd immediately com• directors, past or present, of the NAACP. The plied, with bowed heads. figure opposite each name represents the number of subversive organizations and/or Who was this man, W. E. B. DuBois, whom activities with which these individuals have the speaker referred to as "the father of the been officially identified as reported by Repre• modern freedom movement," and what were his sentative E. C. Gathings of Arkansas and views? appearing in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD July 29. 1963. DuBois, who is listed by congressional in• 1. Roy Wilkins, national administrator and vestigating committees as having had 96 Com• executive secretary 7 munist front affiliations, was a founder of the 2. Dr. W. E. B. DuBois . 96 NAACP. In 1959, DuBois was a recipient of 3. Arthur B. Spingarn, national president, member board of directors, 1961 4 the Lenin Peace Prize. 4. A. Philip Randolph, national vice pre• The Communist official publication, The sident, 1961 20 Worker, of September 1, 1963, in mourning the 5. John Haynes Holmes, national vice president, 1954-1961 30 passing of W. E. B. DuBois, referred to a letter 6. Dr. , national board of DuBois wrote to Communist leader Gus Hall directors, 1961, Washington, D.C 3 when he, DuBois, joined the Communist Party, 7. Thurgood Marshall, director counsel, U.S.A., in 1961. Wrote DuBois: legal defense fund and education fund, 1961 () 3 Capitalism is doomed to self-destruction 8. Clarence M. Mitchell, director Wash• .... In the end Communism will triumph. I ington bureau, 1961 2 want to help bring rhat day. 9. Henry Lee Moon, director, public re• lations department, 1961, Washington, D. C 4 BACKGROUND ON N.A.A.C.P. 'The list from which this information is excerpted On more than two occasions in the past contains 59 names, with a total number of 454 offi• cial Communist-front citations, as shown on pages several years, lis tings of Communist affiliations 5531-32, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, August 28, of certain members of the NAACP have been 1963. For reference to the detailed list upon wbicb entered in the Congressional Record. The this tabulation was based, see CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, July 29, 1963, pages A4785-A4814. NAACP, as could be expected, has attempted to whitewash such documentation, and on oc• - 5 - They are revolting against colonialism and COMMUNIST PARTY SUPPORTS N.A.A.C.P. imperialism and all other systems of oppres- Laying down the Party line, the January, ion." 1956, issue of the Communist magazine, Politi• When Martin Luther King draws a parallel be• cal Affairs, stated: tween the situation of the American Negro and We must support the NAACP in this struggle "oppressed people's" rights against "colonial• with every ounce of energy at our disposal. ism" and "imperialism" he is following exactly, Abner W. Berry, in his column in the Daily to the word, the Communist line. Worker dated February 19, 1957, discussed a The Negro ex-Communist, Manning Johnson, Communist Party convention resolution on the appearing before the Joint Legislative Commit• question of Communist cooperation and work tee of the State of Louisiana on March 8, 1957, with the NAACP, and commented: testified regarding Communist infiltration of There was implied in the resolution that Negro churches in the South, stating: there would be no separate organizations set They (the Communists) had two-fold pur• up by the Communists through which they poses .... First, to be in a position to pres• would seek to steer the Negro people's move• sure the pastor of the church to participate in ment, but rather they would support those various Communist-front activities . . . The organizations, such as the NAACP and other was to give a coat of protection and re• similar groups in the South which were in the sponsibility to the Communists operating in field .... Communists in labor unions are the South. For example, in a number of the thus pledged to get their unions to support the States, the police officials were constantly NAACP to better express the alliance of labor after the Communists. Well, the best place for with the Negro people. Communists in com• hiding was in the church. So they cloaked munities are pledged to aid in increasing the themselves in religion, becoming active mem• membership and financial strength of the bers in the church. NAACP, whether as members or not. Again, it is no coincidence that with increas• ing frequency Negro churches are becoming REV. MARTIN LUTHER KING the assembling areas for mobilizing the Negro An article appearing in the March, 1935, masses to pour into the streets in Negro demon• booklet entitled Party Organizer, issued by the strations. Central Committee of the Communist Party, The activities of Martin Luther King have met U.S.A., stated: with beaming approval by members of the Com• In the United States there are five million of munist Party, U.S.A. In the pamphlet entitled the Negro population organized in fraternal Turning Point in Freedom Road published in organizations, ten million in churches .... We 1962, the Negro Communist Claude Lightfoot must systematically study how to penetrate among the millions of organized Negro workers. praises Rev. King by describing his activities In International of Youth, published under the as "the healthiest sign in the whole Negro authority of the Young , struggle." headquarters in Moscow, March, 1935, appears the following: THE STRANGE ASSOCIATES OF ... In the South, especially for the Negro youth, the church is the center of all cultural MARTIN LUTHER KING and social activity. It is here that we must King conducts most of his racial agitation work. By building our units in the church activities in his capacity as president of the organizations, we can improve our work . . . Southern Christian Leadership Conference. In Alabama there are certain places in which we can in a short while take over the church The national secretary of King's organization is organizations of youth under our leadership, a Negro by the name of Rev. Fred L. Shuttles- and these can become legal covers for our worth. An article in the June, 1963, issue of work in the South. the Cincinnati Enquirer identified Shuttlesworth By a strange coincidence, the leader of the as also the new president of the Southern Con• riots in Birmingham, Ala., in April, 1963, was ference Educational Fund. According to the a Negro minister by the name of Rev. Martin article, both the Senate Internal Security Sub• Luther King. According to an article appearing committee and the House Committee on Un- in the New Bedford, Mass., Standard-Times: American Activities have described the SCEF Mr. King was quoted as telling a Chicago as an organization set up to promote Communism assembly last year, "it (the Montgomery, Ala., throughout the South. The field secretary of boycott, in which there was much violence) is a part of something that is happening all over the the SCEF is an identified Communist by the world. The oppressed people are rising up. name of Carl Braden, of Louisville, .

- 7 - - 8 - HUNTER PITTS O'DELL The Worker called "a Communist project." Rev. Martin Luther King has a facility of Briefly, here is the sordid background of attracting to his ranks men with highly ques• tionable backgrounds. One of these is Jack H. Rev. King's former personal secretary: O'Dell. An article appearing in the St. Louis On January 21, 1953, pleaded Globe-Democrat of October 25, 1962, stated: guilty in Pasadena, Calif., to a charge of sex A Communist has infiltrated to the top ad• perversion and was sentenced to 60 days. ministrative post in the Rev. Martin Luther Earlier, as a student at the College of the City King's Southern Christian Leadership Con• of New York, in 1936, Rustin joined the Young ference. He is Jack H. O'Dell, acting execu• Communist League. In World War II he served tive director of Conference activities in 26 months in Federal prisons as a conscientious southeastern states ... From his birth in Detroit in 1923 until as late as 1958, he was objector. known as Hunter Pitts O'Dell. This O'Dell, When A. Philip Randolph, chairman of the by whatever name, operates as a concealed August 28, 1963, March on Washington, was member of the national committee of the Com• confronted with the background facts on the munist Party, U.S.A., according to a highly March's deputy director, Rustin, and was asked authoritative source. if such a record would cause the replacement of On April 12, 1956, Hunter Pitts O'Dell in• Rustin, Randolph replied "No, he's Mister voked the Fifth Amendment when testifying be• March himself! We couldn't do without him." fore the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee. It is not surprising that Martin Luther King However, Robert Morris, counsel for the sub• associates himself with characters tagged with committee, said information had been received Communist-front labels when King's own views that O'Dell was, in fact, district organizer for are coming nearer and nearer to those of the the Communist Party in New Orleans. Hundreds Communist Party itself. In addressing the of documents seized at O'Dell's home sub• March on Washington participants in August, stantiated his position in the Communist con• 1963, Rev. King promised that there would be spiracy. "neither rest nor tranquillity in America" and Shortly after the above-mentioned article ap• that "the winds of revolt will continue to shake peared in the St. Louis Globe-Democrat and in the foundations of our nation" until his aims other newspapers throughout the country, King are met. accepted O'Dell's resignation. When public attention was no longer focused on King and his The "revolt" or "revolution" which was so relationship with O'Dell, King quietly rehired frequently referred to by the speakers in Wash• O'Dell. However, it soon became known that ington is not really one for so-called Negro O'Dell was again in King's employ and, at a "rights," but is, instead, a revolution to seize press conference in Atlanta on July 25, 1963, political power in this nation in order to first Rev. King admitted that on June 26 O'Dell had, hoist the flag of — and ultimately, "by mutual agreement," left the Southern Chris• Communism — over the United States of America. tian Leadership Conference for a second time. King gave as the reason his concern that WHAT YOU CAN DO O'Dell's affiliation with the integration move• The Communist plan to use the civil rights ment would be used against it by "segrega• movement as a vehicle for revolution in the tionists and race baiters." United States must be fully exposed. The Ameri• In other words, according to Rev. King, any• can people, both white and Negro, can defeat one who brings out the fact that a man with this plan to use racial agitation as a means to Communist affiliations is associated in a promi• overthrow the constitutional government of the nent position with the civil rights movement is United States. a "race baiter." If you wish to help expose the plans ofthe BAYARD RUSTIN Communists, here is what you can do: Another strange former associate of Rev. (1) Send a copy of this pamphlet to your Con• Martin Luther King is Bayard Rustin, a Penn• gressman and two Senators demanding a full sylvania-born Negro with a British accent. One Congressional investigation as to the extent of of Rustin's activities during the period of five Communist infiltration of civil rights organiza• years that he served as secretary to Rev. Martin tions, such as the NAACP, the Southern Christ• Luther King, was to organize King's 1958 march ian Leadership Conference, the Congress of on Washington which the Communist publication Racial Equality (CORE), etc. In this way cer- - 9 - - 10 -