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ASEAN Power Grid: MULTILATERAL POWER TRADE

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ASEAN Power Grid: MULTILATERAL POWER TRADE REGIONAL POWER MARKET AND CROSS-BORDER POWER INTERCONNECTION ASEAN Power Grid: MULTILATERAL POWER TRADE Presented By: Bambang Hermawanto Chairman, ASEAN Power Grid Consultative Committee (APGCC) ADB Workshop - Seoul 14 November 2017 Regional Power Interconnection: Introduction ASEAN Connectivity Regional Power Interconnection in ASEAN ASEAN Power Grid Challenges to Realize the APG ASEAN Multilateral Power Trade Multilateral Power Trade: LTMS Case Conclusion REGIONAL POWER INTERCONNECTIONS Objectives of Regional Interconnection a) Promote more efficient, economic and secure operation of individual power system Sharing of reserve margin, including spinning reserves Power exchange during difference of peak load b) Optimize usage of diverse energy resources in the region Enable power transfer from efficient generation in the region to load centers c) Reduce capital investment required for generation capacity expansion Capitalizing difference of demand peaking time d) Facilitate cross-border power purchases /exchanges within the region Allows for effective development and utilization of resources BENEFITS OF ITERCONNECTIONS Benefits of Interconnections An interconnected grid system brings not only technical and economic advantages, but also an overall political, societal & environmental benefits chnical Interconnected System enefits Economic Benefits Political, Societal & Enviromen tal Benefit BENEFITS OF ITERCONNECTIONS Economic Benefits When discussing the reasons for developing a power grid interconnection between countries, economic benefit is the top of the list as the key driver. Economies of scale Investment in larger plants result in Collective cost lesser cost per unit reduction Optimal cost of investment & operation Delay in new power plants construction Target peak load with cheaper resources Sharing of spinning reserve Different peak load time Improve adequacy while reducing cost Reduce import of fuel from outside ASEAN Less reliance from other region Savings for importer while extra income for exporter of energy BENEFITS OF ITERCONNECTIONS Technical Benefits The technical rationales for grid interconnections include improving reliability and pooling reserves. Larger interconnected system is more stable Emergency response – fast reserve More stable & reliable HVDC – frequency limit control More reliable system Share of reserve – spinning & non- spinning Coordinated outage and maintenance of generators and lines Asynchronous systems can also be connected (HVDC) Improving load factor Minimizing usage of non-efficient plants such as OCGT Less ramping up/down of power plants Incorporating of intermittent resources such as solar plants Political,BENEFITS OF ITERCONNECTIONS Societal & Environmental Benefits The interconnection is also foreseen to strengthen regional cooperation between member countries Strengthening regional cooperation Stimulate regional and domestic economies Opportunities for local business & transfer of technologies Provide more employment, technical expertise & knowledge database More reliance on greener source of energy thus less pollution Development of hydropower potentials Exploring of greener alternatives due to stronger supporting systems Fossil Fuel ASEAN CONNECTIVITY Why we need ASEAN Connectivity “Connectivity creates Stronger, Safer, Better ASEAN has a huge of natural resources, high Economics” energy demand, high economic growth “Stronger Economics, stronger ASEAN, stronger Member States” Source: ASEAN Secretariat Background of ASEAN Connectivity The vision of ASEAN Leaders to build an ASEAN Community by 2015 calls for a well-connected ASEAN that will contribute towards a more competitive and resilient ASEAN. The three pronged strategies to achieve overall ASEAN connectivity Physical Institutional People to People Connectivity Connectivity Connectivity -Transport -Trade liberalization -Education & Culture -ICT & facilitation -Tourism -Energy -Regional Transport Agreement -Cross border procedure etc. ASEANBACKGROUND Community ASEAN has emphasized regional cooperation in the “three pillars”, which are political-security, sociocultural integration, and economic integration. ASEAN ASEAN ASEAN Political- Security Economic Community Socio-Cultural Community Community ASC AEC ASC ASEAN Ministerial Meeting ASEAN Economic Ministers Culture & Arts (AEM) (AMM) Disaster Management ASEAN free trade area ASEAN Regional Forum Education (ARF) (AFTA) Environment Defense Energy Haze Law Food, Agriculture & Forestry Transnational Crime Finance Health Investment Information Etc. Etc. Source: http://www.asean.org/ ASEAN ENERGY COOPERATION IN ASEAN CONNECTIVITY “Enhancing Energy Connectivity and Market Integration in ASEAN to Achieve Energy Security, Accessibility, Affordability and Sustainability for All” APG NEC TAGP • Development of the APAEC REPP APAECAPAEC • Global Energy Landscape CCT • ASEAN Energy Development RE EE&C ASEAN – Energy Cooperation HAPUA APG APAEC ASEAN ASEAN ASCOPE Connectivity TAGP Infrastructure REGIONAL POWER INTERCONNECTION in ASEAN ASEAN’s POTENTIAL ENERGY RESOURCES ASEAN abundant energy resources The thirst for energy can be fulfilled by the region’s wealth of natural resources Blessed with abundance of natural resources. Potentials yet to be explored Transmission networks need to be expanded Grid density is still low Need for efficient utilization of energy sources ASEAN’s POTENTIAL ENERGY RESOURCES Fosil Energy Resources: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Oil Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam Gas Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam Coal Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam Renewable Energy Resources: Hydro Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Vietnam Geothermal Indonesia, Philippines Solar All Countries has various amount Wind Limited potential Biomas All Countries has various types and amount ENABLERS FOR ASEAN POWER TRADE Enablers for ASEAN Power Trade Three key drivers that enable Power Trade among ASEAN countries APG The APG is the key infrastructure to enable power trade between ASEAN countries. Diversified Resources ASEAN’s availability of abundant of natural resources, e.g. Hydro (Myanmar, Laos), Gas & Oil(Malaysia, Brunei), Coal (Indonesia) Price-demand disparity Cheaper system can sell to more expensive system OPPORTUNITIES Opportunities for Power Trade among ASEAN countries The completion of APG highway open doors of opportunities for ASEAN countries to benefit from power trade, be it Bilateral or Multilateral ASEAN countries rely mostly on fossil fuel based power plants to generate electricity. With power trade enable across the region, more hydro will be utilized. Lower system cost Pull factor for power trade: carbon tax, fuel price volatility Push factor : intensive capital investment, readiness of transmission network Source:Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2013 & CIMB ASEAN Research Institute (2013) OPPORTUNITIES Electricity Trade Pricing Lower average system cost is envisioned with the realization of interconnection projects Cheaper Expensive Sell to System System Demand increase, selling price may increase Electricity price may decrease Then overall electricity price may increase 31 Source:Beni Suryadi (2014) LEGAL BASIS: The MOU of ASEAN Power Grid (APG) The ASEAN Power Grid (APG) is a flagship program mandated in 1997 by the ASEAN Heads of States/Governments under the ASEAN Vision 2020. The 17th AMEM in Bangkok July 1999 has adopted The APAEC 1999- 2004 tasked to implement the ASEAN Power Grid (APG) program Objective: to strengthen and promote power interconnection and trade to help ensure greater regional energy security and sustainability on the basis of mutual benefit *): The MOU of APG signed by ASEAN Energy Minister in July 2007 Objectives of APG Facilitate cross-border power purchases/exchanges within the region Allows effective development and utilization of ENCHANCING resources REGIONAL ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, SECURITY, Optimize usage of diverse energy resources in the RELIABILITY, TOWARD region MORE EFFICIENT, Enable power transfer from efficient generation in ECONOMIC AND the region to load centers SECURE OPERATION OF POWER SYSTEM Reduce capital investment required for generation capacity expansion Capitalizing difference of demand peaking time BENEFITS OF ASEAN POWER GRID Greater economic generation and transmission of electricity Greater reliability and security of electricity supply in member countries Provision of a platform for future ASEAN electricity trade APG’s CHALLENGES • Differing national policies of AMS National • Countries desire for self‐sufficiency before impediments to interconnection is allowed promotion of power trade • Countries concerns over restructuring of ESI under Multilateral Electricity Trading • No harmonized operational & regulatory framework or Electricity industry tariff structure restructuring and • No mechanisms for power wheeling, pool rules, power evolution into a bidding, regulatory framework and ensuring system multilateral power reliability & security trading • Financing Modalities for funding sources • High penetration of intermittent renewable energy Enviroment sources Awareness • Aware and concern on environment impact ASEAN Interconnection Master-plan Study (AIMS) • Objective : To identify possible interconnections between ASEAN countries, which eventually form APG • Encompass the 20 years horizon of power system development (2000~2020) • AIMS–I completed in year 2003, reviewed in year 2010 o
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