Torres, R.A.M.; Veras, K.C.B.B.; Torres, J.D.M.; Gomes, E.D.P.; Martins, J.V.; Soeiro, A.C.C.; mental health Mental health of youth and COVID-19: speeches producing the eduactional care mediated on the webradio

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36489/nursing.2020v23i270p4887-4896 Mental health of youth and COVID-19: speeches producing the eduactional care mediated on the webradio

ABSTRACT | Objective: To analyze the speeches of youths as producers of clinical and educational web-care about mental health in the context of COVID-19. Method: Exploratory-descriptive research with a qualitative approach carried out by synthesizing the contents and interactions of the Program “Em Sintonia com Saúde”, produced at WebRádio AJIR in connection with youths from public schools and Higher Education Institutions in the State of Ceará, Brazil. Results: 40 questions-speeches about COVID-19 were carried out, being questioning questions that are in line with the fear of contracting the disease, enabling an increase in anxiety and depressive symptoms identified in colleagues, friends and family and concerns about safe information about the disease. Conclusion: The communication produced on the web radio helped young schoolchildren and university students in the development of strategies for approaching, listening and interacting in the context of social isolation, assisting them in decision- making to prevent and contain the pandemic of COVID-19. Keywords: Mental Health; Information Technology; Coronavirus; Students.

RESUMEN | Objetivo: Analizar los discursos de los jóvenes como productores de web-cuidado clínico y educativo sobre salud mental en el contexto del COVID-19. Método: Investigación exploratorio-descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo realizada mediante la síntesis de los contenidos e interacciones del programa “Em Sintonia com a Saúde”, producido en WebRádio AJIR en relación con jóvenes de escuelas públicas e Instituciones de Educación Superior del Estado de Ceará, Brasil. Resultados: se realizaron 40 preguntas-discursos sobre COVID-19, siendo cuestionamientos que están en línea con el miedo a contraer la enfermedad, posibilitando un aumento de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión identificados en colegas, amigos y familiares y preocupaciones sobre información segura sobre la enfermedad. Conclusión: La comunicación producida en la radio web ayudó a jóvenes escolares y universitarios en el desarrollo de estrategias para acercarse, escuchar e interactuar en el contexto de aislamiento social, ayudándolos en la toma de decisiones para prevenir y contener la pandemia de COVID-19. Palavras claves: Salud Mental; Tecnología de la informacion; Coronavirus; Estudiantes.

RESUMO | Objetivo: Analisar os discursos das juventudes como produtores do webcuidado clínico e educativo sobre saúde mental no contexto da COVID-19. Método: Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva com abordagem qualitativa realizada por síntese dos conteúdos e interações do Programa “Em Sintonia com a Saúde”, produzido na WebRádio AJIR em conexão com juventudes de escolas públicas e Instituições de Nível superior do Estado do Ceará, Brasil. Resultados: Foram realizadas 40 perguntas-discursos sobre COVID-19, sendo questões indagativas que coadunam com o medo de contrair a doença, possibilitando elevação da ansiedade e sintomas depressivos identificados em colegas, amigos e familiares e preocupações com as informações seguras sobre a doença. Conclusão: A comunicação produzida na webrádio ajudou os jovens escolares e universitários no desenvolvimento de estratégias de aproximação, escuta e interações no contexto do isolamento social, auxiliando- os nas tomadas de decisões para prevenção e contenção da pandemia da COVID-19. Palavras-chaves: Saúde Mental; Tecnologia da informação; Coronavírus; Estudantes.

Raimundo Augusto Martins Torres Edine Dias Pimentel Gomes INTRODUCTION Nurse. PhD in Education from the Federal Speech therapist. Doctoral student of University of Ceará (UFC). Master in the Graduate Program in Clinical Care in he rapid spread of Corona- Nursing from the Federal University of Nursing and Health at the State University virus Disease - COVID-19, Ceará (UFC). Fortaleza, (CE). of Ceará (UECE). Master in Health Tin China, in early December ORCID: 0000-0002-8114-4190 Education from the State University of 2019, imposed on the World Health Karlla da Conceição Bezerra Brito Veras Ceará (UECE). Fortaleza, (CE). Organization (WHO), after the first case ORCID: 0000-0001-5990-6358 Nurse. Doctoral student of the Graduate of infection with the new coronavirus Program in Clinical Care in Nursing and Josenice Vasconcelos Martins (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Health at the State University of Ceará Psychologist. Graduated in Psychology at Coronavirus 27 – Sars-Cov-2), consider (UECE). Master in Health Education from Faculdade Luciano Feijão (FLF), Sobral (CE) that the terrestrial globe was facing a the State University of Ceará (UECE). ORCID: 0000-0003-3765-6540 new pandemic. Records of new coro- Fortaleza, (CE). ORCID: 0000-0001-7464-1992 Ana Cecília Carvalho Soeiro navirus infections were announced in 206 countries, with a total of 976.249 Joana Darc Martins Torres Graduating in Psychology at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Sobral (CE). confirmed cases and 50.489 deaths as Nurse. Master by the Graduate Program in ORCID: 0000-0002-8603-6850 of April 2020. (1) In Brazil, 9,056 cases Clinical Nursing Care at the State University were made official, with 359 deaths. (2) of Ceará (UECE). Fortaleza, Ceará. ORCID: 0000-0002-6161-5768 Received on: 09/09/2020 In order to reduce the peak inci- Approved on: 09/28/2020 dence and the number of deaths, some

4892 Revista Nursing, 2020; 23 (270): 4892-4896 Torres, R.A.M.; Veras, K.C.B.B.; Torres, J.D.M.; Gomes, E.D.P.; Martins, J.V.; Soeiro, A.C.C.; Mental health of youth and COVID-19: speeches producing the eduactional care mediated on the webradio

countries have adopted the isolation of of learning and teaching, produce new This online environment intercon- suspicious cases, the closure of scho- ways of caring and innovating to pro- nects, through the world wide web, ols and universities, social distance mote health education in its multidi- young people from the South, Center- and quarantine of the population. (3)(4) mensional aspects, be it in prevention, -South, North and Coast of the State of However, restrictive measures of social in promotion or rehabilitation of hu- Ceará, enabling hybridization, knowle- coexistence and restricted confinement man health. (8) dge of communication and education to the home can generate demands The web radio is the device that for the production of web care. (7)(5) on mental health in people, such as anchors communication that produces These virtual communication subs- apprehensive, insecure and anxious web care on the Internet and other di- trates promote the movement of network behaviors, increasing those pre-existing gital media, prioritizing themes about and cities in interconnection, made but “retained” in the ways of life of the collective health of school youth. (7) possible as a "drawing" of synchronous general population. Among these health communication communication and extension with au- Thus, the concern with this aspect designs, we highlight the Program “In diovisual content in the "WebTv" space, of the population's health demanded Tuning with Health”, with actions pro- which hosts the YouTube channel on the from some countries the offer of spe- moting mental health and prevention web radio site, http: // www .uece.ajir. cialized assistance in mental health. (1) of COVID-19, with content of commu- com.br, with repercussions on the so- And these actions of production and nication and health education for the cial networks of the online channel on promotion of mental health have a cen- practice of web care, paying attention the Internet. tral role in the demands of the juvenile to the dialogues of the participants, Thus, on April 29th, 2020, 75 you- public, considering that this health care constituted by the said and unspoken ng people from elementary, middle and is used in people's daily lives. However, questions and concerns, while pointing university levels from private institu- this specific public is far removed from out possible and necessary activities to tions in the municipalities of Sobral and their socio-affective networks, school, promote mental health in times of pan- Ubajara, northern Ceará, participated friends and, often, family members. demic. in the program that generated the con- In this context of understanding the Thus, in this perspective, the tent of this research. The participants psychic demands of young people, their following questions arose: What is the interacted from their homes, using forms of knowledge and sayings about knowledge of school and university their own internet providers through mental health, when experiencing so- youths about anxiety and depression applications, a digital communication cial isolation, these young people used in the context of COVID-19? And the composing a network of cyberspace Digital Technologies of Information and knowledge about self-care in the period interconnections on the Internet. Thus, Communication (TDIC), aiming at the of social isolation? What doubts do they the survey data were collected in April connections of communication in heal- have about the excess of information 2020, after the experiment was carried th as humanized practices for clinical and its implications for mental health? out in the same month. and educational nursing and health Thus, the objective of this study was to The protagonists of the research care. (5) analyze the speeches of youths, produ- were 15 university students of the un- In this sense, clinical and educa- cers of clinical and educational web- dergraduate course in speech therapy tional web care is constituted as a dis- -care about mental health in the context and 60 young people from public mu- cursive practice that takes rhizomatic of COVID-19, their emotional implica- nicipal and state schools, of elementary contours in the digital communication tions and the security of information on and high school. generated and mediated in the cybers- preventing this pandemic. It is noteworthy that the organiza- pace of the web radio with scientific tion of the production of the program and educational information, constitu- METHOD was carried out by the web radio co- ted in the context of nursing care, re- ordinator, who scripts, directs and me- sulting in care practices with the youths Exploratory-descriptive research diates the guest with expertise in the managed by life experiences, their in- with a qualitative approach using the subject, also from his home, using com- terrelationships of subjectivities, as well content of communication in mental puters with digital applications , which as for their stylistic and aesthetic ways health and covid-19 addressed in the capture image and audio of the guest of themselves in everyday life. (6-7) Program “In Tuning with Health”, con- and other mediators of the territories, In this context, nursing and heal- ducted with school and university you- who are called plateau, whose function th professionals, when appropriating ths mediated in the online environment is to transmit the speech-questions of TDIC as pedagogical devices as ways of WebRádio AJIR, on the Internet. the young people present to the digi-

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tal room, on Google Meet® and in the on the web radio, during the program, ple's mental health status in quarantine WhatsApp® groups of each institution centered on the themes of anxiety and real?” (Young 10). registered in the program. depression: “What measures can we School youths presented questio- Thus, the Young People's Discourse take to alleviate anxiety in the midst of ning questions that are consistent with Questions (Perguntas-Discursos - PD) this pandemic so that we can focus on the fear of contracting the disease, CO- were captured, which were collected studies?” (University student A); “Can VID-19, in view of the feeling of inse- from WhatsApp groups on the online depression increase during this period? curity caused in all dimensions of life. channel and in the digital room at Goo- And how to avoid it?” (University stu- gle Meet, which are devices of knowle- dent C); “Can people who are depres- Category 2 - Knowledge of Self-care in dge that produce practices of themsel- sed and have a high percentage of“ the period of Social Isolation ves and their collectivities. cure ”, have a recurrence due to CO- The participants were motivated by Discourse questions constitute the VID-19? And, in this way, can the infor- the program's production team through discursive devices of immanent know- mation that comes to them, arriving in a question that was called “anchor”, ledge and power, which announce sel- a distorted way, increase depression? ” in view of its exploratory nature of the f-practices in the school context. (8) (University student E); "Can people with theme. Right at the beginning of virtual Thus, the numerical classification Jovem anxiety or depression know all the in- communications, they began to resear- 1, Jovem 2 ... for basic education was formation about COVID-19, or is the- ch the topic. The anchor question laun- used to identify DPs; and University A, re a limit?" (University student I); "Was ched was: "Cite a practice of self-care University B ... for higher education. there an increase in anxiety cases after that can be performed in the period of The speech-questions were syste- social isolation?" (University student K); Social Isolation". Of the 50 participants, matized into thematic categories and "How to improve anxiety in quaranti- only 11 students answered the question analyzed based on the theoretical fra- ne" (University L); "Can social isolation using a Google forms form, with the mework of Michel Foucault's discourse motivate a possible depression in a per- link available in the WhatsApp groups. analysis, which considers the speeches son?" (University student O). The students considered the as events to be read within a perspecti- These knowledge and sayings of following self-care measures, which ve of “discontinuity, rupture, threshold, university students allow access to not can be performed during the period of limit, series, contours and transforma- only what is said, but the entire symbo- social isolation: “Doing what you like, tion”. (9) lic universe that, through their interro- trying new things, reading your favorite This research is part of the project gations, reflects access to information, book, doing physical exercises” (Young “Use of WebRadio in training and heal- to the resources available on social 1); “Staying at home, drinking plenty of th care: experimenting communication networks in cyberspace, as this set of fluids, taking vitamins C and D to incre- and health education strategies with discourses can reveal, above all , ways ase immunity, practicing physical exer- youth”, which meets the ethical pro- of understanding care demands, espe- cises and taking care of hygiene” (You- cedures of Resolution 466/122, appro- cially when it comes to mental health. ng 2); “Modify the routine constantly ved by the Research Ethics Committee Below are the questions of young so that the person does not get bored, of UECE, with Opinion No. 3,478,945 schoolchildren, who also note the “de- and this does not, consequently, cause and CAAE No. 16372719.0.0000.5534. sire” for answers around mental health low immunity in the body” (Young 6); in times of COVID-19: “Crisis of anxie- “Doing what you love to do makes you RESULTS ty and relevant nervousness, due to the forget about negative things. An exam- possibility of having contracted CO- ple is playing an instrument ”(Youth 8). 40 question-speeches about CO- VID-19, can lead to a stroke? ” (Young For 25 university students, who VID-19 were made, 13 of which were 1); "How to maintain mental balance in answered the anchor question, the self- made by youth schools and 27 by univer- the time of COVID-19?" (Young 5); “It is -care measures that could be performed sity youth. With these 40 questions, three normal, during isolation, to be bored. in social isolation were: “Avoid large thematic categories were composed. But what to do to occupy the mind in crowds, always hand hygiene, use gel those times?” (Young 6); "What is re- alcohol when away from home and Category 1 - Knowledge of youths commended to do to avoid an anxiety avoid false news (University student about anxiety and depression in the crisis in the middle of this pandemic?" Ç)"; “Mental self-care, physical activi- context of COVID-19 (Young 7); “What are the psychologi- ty, good nutrition and seeking to carry There were 22 question-speeches cal damages of this confinement for the out activities that transmit well-being” from participants in the interactions, population? Is the worsening of peo- (University Student E); “The use of a

4894 Revista Nursing, 2020; 23 (270): 4892-4896 Torres, R.A.M.; Veras, K.C.B.B.; Torres, J.D.M.; Gomes, E.D.P.; Martins, J.V.; Soeiro, A.C.C.; Mental health of youth and COVID-19: speeches producing the eduactional care mediated on the webradio

mask, alcohol gel, washing your hands care of themselves in order to maintain important control measure to face the correctly, practicing physical exercises, their health in the face of the pandemic pandemic. which can be done at home, and taking through care practices, and not only Anxiety is a device of the human care of mental health (University L)”; with themselves, but also with their psyche, adaptive and necessary for the “Filtering news and considering only families and cohabitants, in addition individual to live with everyday situa- those from reliable sources, doing so- to highlighting that qualified health in- tions, with varying intensity and dura- mething like reading a book, watching formation with safe sources and based tion according to each organism, which a movie” (Universitário P); “Maintai- on the referenced scientific knowledge can be defined as “borderline” or pa- ning mental health means fulfilling the create ways to produce care, which, thological. As pathological, it consists quarantine without leaving the house, in this text, has the meaning of a dis- of behavioral manifestations altered by taking care to stay away, using a mask cursive practice that effectively places fear and excessive anxiety. (10) and using gel alcohol” (Universitário R). a concern with the other, therefore, a Fear is the emotional response to an construction that gives meaning to web imminent threat, real or perceived, and Category 3 - False information: a virus care nursing and health. (7) anxiety is the anticipation of a future that poses challenges to mental health threat. It is necessary to consider that care DISCUSSION people, in general, were anxious and Young schoolchildren and university depressed even before the imminence students reported concerns about the ex- The discursive interactions of youths of the new coronavirus, because, ac- cess of information, often mismatched, mediated in the cyberspace of the web cording to data from the World Health when they access media content that radio showed that there are demands in Organization, it is estimated that 20% does not contribute to coping with the mental health of social and interperso- to 25% of the Brazilian population have pandemic, thus being able to aggravate nal restrictions in the face of the expe- had, have or will have depression, and the state of anxiety or psychic involve- rience of social isolation caused by the worldwide this is a major cause of ill- ment during social isolation. pandemic. ness and disability among teenagers. (11) The reinforcement of the search for In this regard, it can be highlighted Anxiety, in turn, affects 9,3% of Brazi- communication content about the disea- that the production of the " Em Sinto- lians. (12) se has also aroused in youths the interest nia com a Saúde" Program enabled par- Therefore, communication about in checking the source and the veraci- ticipants to point out the "symptoms" anxiety as a human adaptive device ty of the information made available as that were made by the synthesis of the was enhanced, also informing that, in information material on the pandemic. thematic categories with the speech- the context of the pandemic, social res- These apprehensions are noticeable in -questions, as well as with the effects of trictions and uncertainties in the infor- the following speech-questions: "Psy- these questions, which are their know- mation conveyed about COVID-19 can chologically, what are the main conse- ledge and sayings, produced in virtual cause psychosomatic symptoms. quences of so many fakes news related meetings, and not only contribute to Among the international studies car- to the new coronavirus?" (Young 2); "A communication and information about ried out to date on impacts on mental lot of information about the COVID-19 the prevention measures of covid-19, health in the face of the new coronavi- pandemic, can it increase anxiety atta- but also point out the ways of living rus pandemic, Wang et al. (13) with the cks?" (Young 8); "How to stay informed mental health through the communica- general population in China, including and deal with the expectation of worse- tion that was done as practice of web 1,210 participants in 194 cities, during ning of the situation of contamination care. (7) the early stage of the pandemic. They re- and deaths without having anxiety atta- On the online channel, webradio, it vealed moderate to severe symptoms of cks?" (Young 13); “Paying attention to the was possible to promote discursive inte- stress, anxiety and depression in 8,1%, news, only listening to reliable sources ractions with young people, facilitated 16,5% and 28,8%, of the respondents, and wearing a mask, avoiding external by their digital communication systems respectively. In addition, 75,2% of res- contact as much as possible” (University with mediation by health professionals. pondents reported fear of their family Student E); “Filtering access to social and In this perspective, the present study members contracting the disease. Being business media online, reducing the fre- made it possible to systematize the you- a woman, student and having physical quency of access to entertainment me- th speeches filled with elevated anxie- symptoms linked to COVID-19, or pre- dia” (Universitário U). ty and depressive symptoms identified vious health problems, were factors sig- Thus, the knowledge of youths map in colleagues, friends and family and nificantly associated with higher levels their concerns and the ways they take concerns about safe information as an of stress, anxiety and depression.

Revista Nursing, 2020; 23 (270): 4892-4896 4895 Torres, R.A.M.; Veras, K.C.B.B.; Torres, J.D.M.; Gomes, E.D.P.; Martins, J.V.; Soeiro, A.C.C.; mental health Mental health of youth and COVID-19: speeches producing the eduactional care mediated on the webradio

In view of the context of excess in- the new coronavirus. (14) as the online channel, web radio, in the formation in both analogue and digital Thus, a fake news pandemic was promotion of mental health can assist in media, sometimes without reliable and identified in the Brazilian scenario of the development of strategies for appro- verifiable sources, it is crucial to ensure living with COVID-19, since, in the da- aching, listening to and interacting with them from the place and from the sub- tabase of the Ministry of Health, 70 fake people in the context of social isolation jects authorized to speak. Researchers news related to the pandemic can be caused by the pandemic of the new from the National School of Public He- identified between January and March coronavirus, as virtual communication alth of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of 2020, revealing possible interferen- enabled the sharing of polysemic know- demonstrated that the “Fake News” re- ces in the health care behaviors of the ledge and languages. lated to Covid-19, posted on social ne- population. Thus, communication and heal- tworks attached to the Internet, are the Finally, the maintenance of social th information mediated by the web main spaces for spreading false news support networks during quarantine is radio, resignified in the lives of you- about the new coronavirus in Brazil. also essential for mental health, since ng people as devices for transforming The data revealed that 10,5% of the the rupture in the connections of affec- virtualized social spaces with the re- fake news was published on Instagram, tive social ties causes negative psycho- percussion of their knowledge-power 15,8% on Facebook and 73,7% circula- logical impacts. (15)(16) content shared with other subjects, ted by WhatsApp. The results also point navigators in digital territories, in the out that 26,6% of fake news published CONCLUSION sense of helping them. them in making on Facebook attribute Fiocruz as an ad- decisions to prevent and contain the visor with regard to protection against The use of digital technologies, such COVID-19 pandemic.

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