DOCSLIB.ORG

DRAFT Should the United States Increase Restrictions on The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
DRAFT Should the United States Increase Restrictions on The DRAFT Should the United States Increase Restrictions on the Research Development or Use of Genetic Engineering or Nanotechnology? Topic Proposal for the Cross Examination Debate Association 2007-2008 Debate Season. By Scott M. Elliott1 Topic Area: Should the United States significantly restrict research, development or use of genetic engineering or nanotechnology? PROPSOED RESOLUTIONS 1. Resolved: the United States Federal Government should substantially restrict the research, development, or use of genetic engineering or nanotechnology. 2. Resolved: the United States Federal Government, through legislative or regulatory means, should substantially restrict research, development, or use of genetic engineering or nanotechnology. 3. Resolved: the United States Federal Government should ban the research, development, or use of genetic engineering or nanotechnology. 4. Resolved: the United States Federal Government, through legislative or regulatory means, should substantially restrain the research, development, or use of genetic engineering or nanotechnology. 5. Resolved: the United States should substantially restrict its non-military research, development or use of genetic engineering or nanotechnology. 1 Scott M. Elliott received his Ph.D. in Communication Theory and Research (Rhetoric of Science) from Florida State University and his Juris Doctorate from the University of Texas-Austin. While attending FSU, he was the Assistant Director of Forensics and Debate coach of the FSU debate program. Prior to law school, he was a Professor of Communication and Director of Debate at Southeastern Louisiana University. He was a member of the University of Texas National Moot Court Team, National Environmental Law Moot Court Team, editorial staff of the Texas Environmental Law Journal, and adjunct professor at St. Edwards University, Austin. He is currently an insurance coverage litigation attorney in Dallas, Texas. 1 6. Resolved: the United States Federal Government should substantially restrict its non-military research, development or use of genetic engineering or nanotechnology. 7. Resolved: the United States Federal Government should substantially increase regulation of non-military research, development or use of genetic engineering or nanotechnology. 8. Resolved: the United States Federal Government should substantially restrict non-military research, development or use of genetic engineering or nanotechnology. 9. Resolved: the United States Federal Government should ban non-military research, development or use of genetic engineering or nanotechnology. 10. Resolved: the United States Federal Government, through legislative or regulatory means, should restrain non-military research, development or use of genetic engineering or nanotechnology. 11. Resolved: the United States Federal Government should substantially restrict non- military research, development or use of genetic engineering. 12. Resolved: the United States Federal Government should substantially restrict non- military research, development or use of nanotechnology. 13. Resolved: the United States Federal Government should substantially restrict the research, development, or use of human genetic engineering or nanotechnology. 14. Resolved: the United States Federal Government should substantially prohibit the research, development, or use of genetic engineering or nanotechnology. Genetic Engineering/Nanotechnology topic area. Why choose to debate genetic engineering and nanotechnology? Because they are cool and can even outweigh a nuclear war!2 There are better rationales. According to the 2 Teams are cautioned that their standard “nuke war” scenario may, counter-intuitively, increase advantages or create impact turns against an unprepared team. Example given, the affirmative presents a case that the USFG should impose worker safety protocols genetic engineering, or special breathing masks for nano- tube manufacturing, claiming a small affirmative advantage of saving 50 workers lives. The negative argues a standard “Bush disad” with its classic horrible links and pitiful internal links, and then reads an equally horrible “Mead card.” The affirmative could simply grant out the impacts and argue collapse of the global economy and nuclear war is the best way to stop nanotech development and the development of rogue assemblers that could eat the universe. Example from K. Eric Drexler, “Replicators can be more potent than nuclear weapons: to devastate Earth with bombs would require masses of exotic hardware and rare isotopes, but to destroy life with replicators would require only a single speck made of ordinary elements. Replicators give nuclear war some company as a potential cause of extinction, giving a broader context to extinction as a moral concern." Engines of Creation, Anchor Books, 1986, p. 174. 2 U.S. National Science Foundation, nanotechnology is the foundation stone of NBIC--a revolutionary convergence of nanotech, biotech (manipulation of genes), info tech (computers), and cogno tech (brain function). In a report sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the Department of Commerce, the technologists and politicians who are promoting this revolution say it is "essential to the future of humanity" because it holds the promise of "world peace, universal prosperity, and evolution to a higher level of compassion and accomplishment." They say it may be "a watershed in history to rank with the invention of agriculture and the Industrial Revolution" 3 The significance of this area for students/debaters/citizens of the United States cannot be understated. In 1976 George Wald, Nobel Prize winning biologist and Harvard professor, wrote: Recombinant DNA technology [genetic engineering] faces our society with problems unprecedented not only in the history of science, but of life on the Earth. It places in human hands the capacity to redesign living organisms, the products of some three billion years of evolution.... It presents probably the largest ethical problem that science has ever had to face. Our morality up to now has been to go ahead without restriction to learn all that we can about nature. Restructuring nature was not part of the bargain.... For going ahead in this direction may be not only unwise but dangerous. Potentially, it could breed new animal and plant diseases, new sources of cancer, novel epidemics.4 Regarding the current status of nanotechnology, one author has written: Virtually every large corporation now has a nanotechnology operation. The US government is putting in serious investment. Huge promises are held out in the fields of medicine, energy, computing. But there is little public debate, no regulatory framework and little research into the health, environmental or safety implications…the potential consequences for individuals, the environment, and relations between the powers. Nanotechnology could bridge or widen the gap between rich and poor - this is the political decision that civil society must address.5 Nanotechnology and genetic engineering intersect in all three aspects of research, development and use. The relationship is reciprocal--nanotechnology is being used in genetic engineering and genetic engineering is used in nanotechnology research and development. It is virtually inevitable that a topic of genetic engineering will spill over 3 http://www.organicconsumers.org/corp/nano.cfm. The paper does not suggest that the topic area of genetic engineering/nanotechnology is “the most important” topic area to be discussed. Every topic area listed (Latin America, Executive Power, Southeast Asia, Infectious Diseases, etc.) all deserve attention. My goal in this paper is two-fold—to identify some of the problems with college policy debate resolution selection and to offer an example of properly worded debate resolutions under the rubric of an interesting topic area. 4 http://www.greens.org/s-r/20/20-01.html 5 Shelly, Toby. Nanotechnology: New Promises New Dangers 3 into discussions of nanotechnology, and vise versa.6 Similarly, because the two areas are interdependent, a case the addresses a nexus of the two areas should be topical, rather than being non-topical or extra-topical merely because it encompasses part of another technology.7 Areas in which the intersection of genetic engineering and nanotechnology occurs include: biological assembly of nanostructures; using DNA structures to construct nanodevices; artificial genetic systems; modeling and simulation of biological ions channels to cure diseases; and nanoscale filters for molecular material. Additionally, the college policy debate community has not debated a technology topic in almost 20 years. A review of the National Debate Tournament topics from 1946- 2006 reveals that only three resolutions have focused on new technologies.8 The 1958- 1959 topic, “RESOLVED: That the further development of nuclear weapons should be prohibited by international agreement," is similar to the topic area proposed in that the United States was facing the development and use of new technologies (nuclear munitions and hydrogen bombs). The 1984-1985 topic, “RESOLVED: "That the United States federal government should significantly increase exploration and/or development of space beyond the earth's mesosphere" and 1989-1990 topic, “RESOLVED: "That the federal government should adopt an energy policy that substantially reduces nonmilitary consumption of fossil fuels in the United States," were the last policy topics to substantially focus on technology. It is arguable that only the space topic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transhuman Space Classic: Fifth Wave
    TM By Jon F. Zeigler • Illustrated by Christopher Shy Edited by Andrew Hackard Vehicle Design Checking by Kenneth Peters GURPS System Design ■ Steve Jackson Managing Editor ■ Andrew Hackard Creative Director ■ Philip Reed GURPS Line Editor ■ Sean Punch Transhuman Space Line Editor ■ David Pulver Project Administrator ■ Monique Chapman Production Manager ■ Heather Oliver Production Artists ■ Philip Reed and Gene Seabolt Print Buyer ■ Monica Stephens GURPS Errata Coordinator ■ Andy Vetromile Sales Manager ■ Ross Jepson Playtesters: James “Pip” Barrett, Frederick Brackin, M.A. Lloyd, Phil Masters, Trey Palmer, Jeff Raglin, T. Carter Ross, Allen Smith, and Jeff Wilson.Thanks also go to all the other participants in the Pyramid playtest boards. GURPS, Warehouse 23, and the all-seeing pyramid are registered trademarks of Steve Jackson Games Incorporated. Transhuman Space, Pyramid, Fifth Wave, and the names of all products published by Steve Jackson Games Incorporated are registered trademarks or trademarks of Steve Jackson Games Incorporated, or used under license. Transhuman Space: Fifth Wave is copyright © 2002 by Steve Jackson Games Incorporated. All rights reserved. Printed in the USA. ISBN 1-55634-459-7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 STEVE JACKSON GAMES Antarctica ..................................25 INTRODUCTION......................4 3. STATES AND LIFE AND DEATH .............................26 ABOUT TRANSHUMAN SPACE.............5 Birth...........................................26 THE STATELESS ..............46 About GURPS .............................5
    [Show full text]
  • Transhuman Space Classic
    Written By Jamais Cascio Illustrated by Jesse DeGraff, Justin De Witt, Matt Kresge, Christopher Shy, and Brian Tarsis Edited by Kimara Bernard Cover by Aaron Campbell GURPS System Design I Steve Jackson Managing Editor I Andrew Hackard GURPS Line Editor I Sean Punch Transhuman Space Line Editor I David Pulver Production Manager I Monique Chapman Production Artist I Justin De Witt Print Buyer I Monica Stephens GURPS Errata Coordinator I Andy Vetromile Sales Manager I Ross Jepson Lead Playtester: John Freiler Playtesters: Howard and Vanessa Berkey, Frederick Brackin, Nelson Cunnington, Ron Hayden, Anthony Jackson, Simon and Alison King, MA Lloyd, Phil Masters, Bowden Palmer, Kenneth Peters, Robert Prior, Jeff Raglin, T. Carter Ross, Curtis Shenton, Norman Thallheimer, and the other entities of the Pyramid playtest board. Thanks to: The Brain Trust: Alex, Mike and Xof. Special thanks to Janice for giving me the time. GURPS, Warehouse 23, and the all-seeing pyramid are registered trademarks of Steve Jackson Games Incorporated. Transhuman Space, Pyramid, Broken Dreams, and the names of all products published by Steve Jackson Games Incorporated are registered trademarks or trademarks of Steve Jackson Games Incorporated, or used under license. Transhuman Space: Broken Dreams is copyright © 2003 by Steve Jackson Games Incorporated. All rights reserved. Some images © 2003 www.clipart.com. Printed in the USA. The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book via the Internet or via any other means without the permission of the publisher is illegal, and punishable by law. Please purchase only authorized electronic editions, and do not participate in or encourage the electronic piracy of copyrighted materials.
    [Show full text]
  • The Style and Mythology of Socialism: Socialist Idealism, 1871-1914 Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    THE STYLE AND MYTHOLOGY OF SOCIALISM: SOCIALIST IDEALISM, 1871-1914 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Stefan Arvidsson | 324 pages | 05 Jul 2019 | Taylor & Francis Ltd | 9780367348809 | English | London, United Kingdom The Style and Mythology of Socialism: Socialist Idealism, 1871-1914 PDF Book The sudden uncontrolled proliferation of high rise office buildings, many of them incredibly ugly and completely out of proportion to the rest of the city, brings in its wake devastating social and economic consequences. Skip to main content. The hammer and sickle is a symbol meant to represent proletarian solidarity — a union between the peasantry and working-class. Book Summary: In this collection of excerpts from the essential works of Hendrik de Man , Peter Dodge reinstates in historical consciousness this pioneer sociologist of the European socialist movement and of labor in industrial society. The causes and consequences of cultural developments which made the most tragic period of German history possible are reflected upon in this outstanding work. Please enter a valid ZIP Code. Emblem of the Hungarian People's Republic — It was first adapted during the Russian Revolution, the hammer representing the workers and the sickle representing the peasants. We became a nation of free men not serving political masters but ourselves, free to pursue our happiness without interference from the state, with the greatest liberty of individual action ever known to man. Revolution In Psychology by Ian Parker. Please note the delivery estimate is greater than 4 business days. The weakness of a critical socialist tradition in America cannot be explained altogether by the success of capitalism or the repression of socialism but is in part due to those features of American culture and American myth that we have been examining.
    [Show full text]
  • |||GET||| Karl Marx and the Postcolonial Age 1St Edition
    KARL MARX AND THE POSTCOLONIAL AGE 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Ranabir Samaddar | 9783319632865 | | | | | Karl Marx and the Postcolonial Age A liver ailment, probably hereditary, was aggravated by overwork, bad diet and lack of sleep. Retrieved 8 January In other words, the working class must join with bourgeois and democratic forces to bring about the successful conclusion of the bourgeois revolution before stressing the working class Karl Marx and the Postcolonial Age 1st edition and a working class revolution. Main currents of Marxism: the founders, the golden age, the breakdown. Retrieved 30 May Marx was also engaged in writing his doctoral thesis, The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature[54] which he completed in Skip to main content. Social progress can be measured exactly by the social position of the fair sex the ugly ones included. Oxford: Oxford University Press. His biographer Werner Blumenberg attributed it to liver and gall problems which Marx had in and from which he was never afterwards free, exacerbated by an unsuitable lifestyle. Designed to put forward news from across Europe with his own Marxist interpretation of events, the newspaper featured Marx as a primary writer and the dominant editorial influence. It does this by analysing contemporary post-colonial history and politics in the framework of inter-relations between the three categories of class, people, and postcolonial transformation. By the autumn ofthe entire first edition of the German language edition of Das Kapital Karl Marx and the Postcolonial Age 1st edition been sold out and a second edition was published. As she had broken off her engagement with a young aristocrat to be with Marx, their relationship was socially controversial owing to the differences between their religious and class origins, but Marx befriended her father Ludwig von Westphalen a liberal aristocrat and later dedicated his doctoral thesis to him.
    [Show full text]
  • Nanotechnology, Networks and the Politics of Dancing
    Not That Much Room? Nanotechnology, Networks and the Politics of Dancing Ian Kerr* and Goldie Bassi** I. At the Bottom ‘There’s plenty of room at the bottom.’ But there’s not that much room.1 In his well known 2001 article in Scientific American, Nobel chemist Richard Smalley offered the above rejoinder to the late Nobel physicist Richard Feynman and to the molecular nanotechnologists that Feynman inspired over the last several decades.2 Smalley’s agenda in that short article was brutally clear. His aim was to draw a laser bright distinction between two very different conceptions of nanotech- nology. Smalley made it painfully obvious that not all nanotechnologists aim to create nanobots — the autonomous self-replicating molecular assemblers that have been receiving so much bad press since the bong of the new millennium.3 In fact, Smalley tried to demonstrate that the actual construction of such devices is impossible. In order to fully appreciate the significance of Smalley’s rejoinder, it is first necessary to get to the bottom of Feynman’s original vision, which he articulated in his famous 1959 address to the American Physical Society titled, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom.”4 * Ian Kerr is Canada Research Chair in Ethics, Law & Technology, Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa ([email protected]). This article stems from a broader body of interdisciplinary work on the human- machine interface. The author extends his gratitude to the Canada Research Chair program and the Centre for Innovation Law and Policy for their generous contributions to the funding of this project.
    [Show full text]
  • |||GET||| Marx and Education 1St Edition
    MARX AND EDUCATION 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Robin Small | 9781351919616 | | | | | Marxism and Education Jun 24, Jogar01 rated it really liked it Shelves: educacion-education. The illness was aggravated by excessive nocturnal work and faulty diet. Professor Shuster claimed the diagnosis "can now be made definitively". Other Editions 8. Preview — Marx and Education by Jean Anyon. It celebrates scholarship and analysis across intersections, geographies, histories and sectors, with a focus upon how the dynamics of capitalism and developments in political economy impact formal and informal education. Inhe wrote Engels: "I used to think the separation of Ireland from Marx and Education 1st edition impossible. Oxford: Oxford Marx and Education 1st edition Press. There is but one alternative for Europe. Carmo Sh rated it it was amazing Aug 22, Brief introduction to the contributions to education by neo-Marxist thought. Ashley Poston made her name with Once Upon a Con, a contemporary series set in the world of fandom, and her two-part space opera, Heart of Marx's view of history, which came to be called historical materialism controversially adapted as the philosophy of dialectical materialism by Engels and Lenincertainly shows the influence of Hegel's claim that one should view reality and history dialectically. Archived from the original on 10 August Marx called the difference " surplus value " and argued that it was based on surplus labourthe difference between what it costs to keep workers alive and what they can Marx and Education 1st edition. Augustinian theodicy Best of all possible worlds Marx and Education 1st edition dilemma Inconsistent triad Irenaean theodicy Natural evil Theodicy.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Version
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION E ISSN 1512-3146 (ONLINE VERSION) ISSN 1987-9601 (PRINT VERSION) www.multilingualeducation.org EDITORIAL BOARD: Ekaterina Protasova University of Helsinki Finland Olivier Mentz PädagogischeHochschule Freiburg Germany Jost Gippert Johan Wolfgang Goethe-Universitaet Frankfurt Germany Vilija Targamadze Vilnius University Lithuania llze Kangro University of Latvia Latvia Victoria Yashikina Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsks National University Ukraine Iryna Losyeva Ivan Franko National University of Lviv Ukraine Dmitry Novokhatskiy Crimean University for Humanities Ukraine Natela Imedadze Ilia State University Georgia Ramaz Kurdadze Tbilisi State University Georgia Mzia Tsereteli Tbilisi State University Georgia Rhonda Sofer Gordon Academic College of Education Israel Merab Beridze Samtkhe-Javakheti State University Georgia The journal is published in the framework of the project „Development and Introduction of Multilingual Teacher Education programs at Universities of Georgia and Ukraine" funded by the European Commission TEMPUS program. Project coordinator – Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Publisher - “Center for Civil Integration and Inter-Ethnic Relations” (Address: Georgia, Tbilisi, Tatishvili Str. 19/54) E ISSN 1512-3146 (online) International Journal ISSN 1987-9601 (print) of Multilingual Education www.multilingualeducation.org Nataliia Safonova Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk national university Multilingual aspect of the translation of proper names in the novel by L. Carroll "Alice in Wonderland" ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to identify the essential features multilingual translation aspect of their names on the example of art. The object of the research is the novel by L. Carroll "Alice in Wonderland." The Novelty means that s translation of proper names from English into Ukrainian is in the light of multilingualism. The practical value is the possible use of research results in teaching the theory and practice of translation.
    [Show full text]