DOCSLIB.ORG

Reinventing Eden: the Fate of Nature in Western Culture/By Carolyn Merchant

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reinventing Eden: the Fate of Nature in Western Culture/By Carolyn Merchant REINVENTING Eden REINVENTING EDEN The Fate of Nature in Western Culture CAROLYN MERCHANT ROUTLEDGE NEW YORK & LONDON Published in 2003 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 www.routledge-ny.com Published in Great Britain by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE www.routledge.co.uk Copyright © 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group. This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permis sion in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Merchant, Carolyn. Reinventing Eden: the fate of nature in Western culture/by Carolyn Merchant. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. ISBN 0-415-93164-9 (alk. paper) 1. Human ecology—Philosophy. 2. Human ecology—History. 3. Nature— Effect of human beings on. I. Title. GF21 M473 2003 304.2′8—dc21 2002036787 Portions of this book have appeared in somewhat different form in Carolyn Merchant, Radical Ecology: The Search for a Liveable World (New York and London: Routledge, 1992), pp. 93–100. Carolyn Merchant, Earthcare: Women and the Environment (New York: Routledge, 1996), pp. 216–223. iv Carolyn Merchant, “Reinventing Eden: Western Culture as a Recovery Narrative,” in William Cronon, ed., Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature (New York: W.W.Norton, 1995), pp. 132–59. Carolyn Merchant, “Partnership With Nature,” Landscape, Special Issue (1998): 69–71. Carolyn Merchant, “Partnership Ethics: Business and the Environment,” in Patricia Werhane, ed. Enviornmental Challenges to Business (Bowling Green, OH: Society for Businesss Ethics, 2000), pp. 7–18. ISBN 0-203-49762-7 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-57515-6 (Adobe eReader Format) FOR CHARLIE CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS x 1. A GARDEN PLANET 1 PART I. Genesis of the Recovery of the Recovery Narrative Narrative 2. THE FALL FROM EDEN 10 3. RECOVERING THE GARDEN 37 4. FROM WlLDERNESS TO ClVILIZATION 62 PART II. New World Edens World Edens Edens 5. ADAM AS HERO 87 6. EVE AS NATURE 110 7. COLONIZING EDEN 137 8. EDEN COMMODIFIED 157 PART III New Stories 9. EARTH IN RECOVERY 176 10. ORDER OUT OF CHAOS 193 11. PARTNERSHIP 210 EPILOGUE 230 vii NOTES 232 BIBLIOGRAPHY 275 INDEX 296 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 2.1 Ludolphus de Saxonia, Vita Christi (1487) 14 Figure 2.2 J.J.du Pré, Heures a l’usage de Rome (1488) 16 Figure 2.3 G.B.Andreini, “Adamo,” in L’Adamo, Sacra 18 Rapresentatione (1617) Figure 2.4 G.B.Andreini, “Eua, Adamo,” ibid., (1617) 19 Figure 2.5 Neolithic Figure, Tel Chagar Bazar, Mesopotamia 31 Figure 2.6 Isis, in Athanasius Kircher, Oedipus Aegypticus 33 (1652) Figure 3.1 “Dante’s Conception of the Universe” 47 Figure 3.2 Ludolphus of Saxony (d. 1378), Speculum humanae 49 salvationis, early 15th century Figure 3.3 Lucas Cranach, Adam and Eve (1526) 50 Figure 3.4 St. Genevieve Guarding her Flock, French School, 53 late 16th century Figure 3.5 Sir Walter Raleigh, The History of the World (1614) 56 Figure 3.6 Salomon van Til, Dissertationes philogico- 58 theologicae (1719) Figure 3.7 “Chatsworth Garden,” Britannia illustrata (1709) 60 Figure 4.1 Thomas Burnet, The Sacred Theory of the Earth 70 (1684) Figure 4.2 Francis Bacon, frontespiece, Novum Organum 71 (Instauratio Magna) (1620) Figure 5.1 Theodor de Bry, “Adam and Eve” (1590) 89 Figure 5.2 Thomas Cole, Expulsion from the Garden of Eden 100 (1827–28) Figure 5.3 Thomas Cole, The Oxbow, or A View from Mount 101 Holyoke (1836) Figure 6.1 Jan van der Straet, America, in Nova Reperta 113 (Antwerp, 1579) Figure 6.2 Abraham Ortelius, Theatrum Orbus Terrarum 114 (Antwerp, 1579) Figure 6.3 John Gast, American Progress (1872) 121 Figure 6.4 Emanuel Leutze, Westward the Course of Empire 122 Takes its Way (1861) Figure 6.5 Domenico Tojetti, The Progress of America (1875) 123 ix Figure 6.6 George Willoughby Maynard, Civilization (1893) 124 Figure 7.1 Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota (undated) 143 Figure 8.1 Bill Sanderson, “In the Beginning Was the Genome 166 I” (1990) Figure 8.2 Bill Sanderson, “In the Beginning Was the Genome 167 II” (1990) Figure 9.1 Alexander Hogue, Erosion No. 2. Mother Earth 177 Laid Bare (1936) Figure 11.1 Teresa Fasolino, Adam and Eve (1990) 229 Table Table 2.1 Reinventing Eden: Narratives of Western Culture 20 Poem “The Lesson,” David Iltis 207 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Working on Reinventing Eden has afforded me the opportunity to synthesize formative ideas in my thinking over the past three decades. Many of the issues I explored as a historian of science that led to my 1980 book The Death of Nature have meshed with my more recent work as an environmental historian of North America and my explorations of the connections between gender and the environment. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the many persons and institutions that have supported this work. The ideas behind this book were developed in lectures I gave on the topic “Women and Nature: A Declensionist Narrative?” at John Hopkins University in 1990, in Australia as an ecofeminist scholar in 1991 and at the Fifth Annual Conference on Narrative in Albany New York in 1993. In 1994,1 was a member of a seminar, Reinventing Nature, led by William Cronon at the University of California-Irvine. Cronon had introduced the idea of environmental history as a narrative of decline from a prior pristine state of nature at a session of the American Society for Environmental History in 1987, and the idea became very influential in the field of environmental history and at the Irvine seminar. Some of the ideas that appear here were first developed in my article “Reinventing Eden” for the seminar’s published volume, Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature (1995) that Cronon edited. I am grateful to Bill Cronon and all the members of that seminar for their inspiration, intellectual input, and stimulating conversa tions and to W.W.Norton for allowing me to include materials from the essay throughout the book. I received additional support for developing my ideas as a 1995 John Simon Guggenheim Fellow, which allowed me to spend the 1996 year writing the book, and in 2001 as a John D. and Catherine T.MacArthur Fellow in the Ecological Humanities at the National Humanities Center in North Carolina, which allowed me to continue my research and writing. The fellows and staff at the Center were most helpful in contributing ideas and challenging my thinking in an extraordinarily xi congenial setting. In 2002, a fellowship from the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley allowed me to finalize the manuscript. My colleagues and graduate students at the University of CaliforniaBerkeley have over the years helped me to fine-tune parts of my argument and challenged me to probe more deeply into particular ideas. Grants from the Committee on Research at the University of California-Berkeley have contributed to my research, acquisition of illustration permissions, and the preparation of the index. I am indebted to Mary Graham for editing the manuscript and contributing her keen insights to its argument and prose. My students Shana Cohen, Earth Trattner, and Ken Worthy read portions of the manuscript, encouraged my thinking, and helped me refine my ideas. Over the years students in my graduate courses have helped me to think through my arguments. I am especially grateful to Victor Rotenberg, Dean Bavington, Ron Feldman, Tim Hessel-Robinson, Carol Manahan, Ray Maria McNamara, Sarah Trainor, and Greg Zuschlag. My editor at Routledge, Ilene Kalish, encouraged me to make my own perspective more visible throughout and to clarify the implications of my ideas. I am grateful to Celeste Newbrough, who prepared the index for this as well as several previous books and who has been an important inspiration in my thinking about women and nature. My son David Iltis has afforded me the pleasure of including his poem, “The Lesson,” in the chapter on “Partnership.” My partner and husband Charles Sellers has been my intellectual inspiration and rock of support through this process and to him I give my deepest thanks. This book is for him. Berkeley, California June 2002 ONE A Garden Planet LIFE LIKE A SPIDER SPINS ITS WEB IN CYCLICAL MELODIES TELLING ENIGMATIC, SACRED TALES To DEAF, DUMB, BLIND ME. —Carolyn Merchant, 1998 A lush garden. Pathways wander invitingly among rolling lawns and fragrant flowers. Lilies, roses, and herbs send forth a sweet ambrosia. The air smells continuously fresh. Peacocks strut among the trees in the near distance and doves make their distinctive three-note coo. A cottontail, appearing unconcerned, nibbles at grass nearby, while lambs suckle at their mother’s teat. Nearly hidden among the taller and more distant cedars, a doe and fawn munch at the undergrowth. A small grove of fig trees can be glimpsed down a side path. A couple strolls arm in arm toward a fig grove near the middle of the garden, where a waterfall gushes over rocks fed by a clear bubbling stream. At the garden’s very center are two trees known simply as the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Unruly Women and Christianity in Medieval Europe Sarah E
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2017 Get Thee ot a Nunnery: Unruly Women and Christianity in Medieval Europe Sarah E. Wolfe East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Celtic Studies Commons, English Language and Literature Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, Scandinavian Studies Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Wolfe, Sarah E., "Get Thee to a Nunnery: Unruly Women and Christianity in Medieval Europe" (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3263. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3263 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Get Thee to a Nunnery: Unruly Women and Christianity in Medieval Europe __________________________ A thesis presented to The faculty of the Department of English East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in English __________________________ by Sarah Elizabeth Wolfe August 2017 ________________________ Dr. Thomas H. Crofts, Chair Dr. Joshua Reid Dr. Brian Maxson Keywords: medieval women, Europe, England, Scandinavia, Norse sagas ABSTRACT Get Thee to a Nunnery: Unruly Women and Christianity in Medieval Europe by Sarah Elizabeth Wolfe This thesis will argue that the Beowulf Manuscript, which includes the poem Judith, Saxo Grammaticus’s Gesta Danorum, and the Old-Norse-Icelandic Laxdœla saga highlight and examine the tension between the female pagan characters and their Christian authors.
    [Show full text]
  • Eve's Answer to the Serpent: an Alternative Paradigm for Sin and Some Implications in Theology
    Calvin Theological Journal 33 (1998) : 399-420 Copyright © 1980 by Calvin Theological Seminary. Cited with permission. Scholia et Homiletica Eve's Answer to the Serpent: An Alternative Paradigm for Sin and Some Implications in Theology P. Wayne Townsend The woman said to the serpent, "We may eat fruit from the trees in the garden, but God did say, `You must not eat fruit from the tree that is in the middle of the garden, and you must not touch it, or you will die. "' (Gen. 3:2-3) Can we take these italicized words seriously, or must we dismiss them as the hasty additions of Eve's overactive imagination? Did God say or mean this when he instructed Adam in Genesis 2:16-17? I suggest that, not only did Eve speak accu- rately and insightfully in responding to the serpent but that her words hold a key to reevaluating the doctrine of original sin and especially the puzzles of alien guilt and the imputation of sin. In this article, I seek to reignite discussion on these top- ics by suggesting an alternative paradigm for discussing the doctrine of original sin and by applying that paradigm in a preliminary manner to various themes in the- ology, biblical interpretation, and Christian living. I seek not so much to answer questions as to evoke new ones that will jar us into a more productive path of the- ological explanation. I suggest that Eve's words indicate that the Bible structures the ideas that we recognize as original sin around the concept of uncleanness.
    [Show full text]
  • The Unfortunate Birth of Edna O'brien
    Colby Quarterly Volume 23 Issue 4 December Article 7 December 1987 Tough Luck: The Unfortunate Birth of Edna O'Brien James M. Haule Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cq Recommended Citation Colby Library Quarterly, Volume 23, no.4, December 1987, p.154-164 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Colby Quarterly by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Colby. Haule: Tough Luck: The Unfortunate Birth of Edna O'Brien Tough Luck: The Unfortunate Birth of Edna O'Brien by JAMES M. HAULE DNA O'BRIEN'S Mother Ireland is a book filled with memories that E move starkly between terror and pity as it explains, with the help of the haunting photographs ofFergus Bourke, why Ireland must be left and why Ireland can never be escaped. Her last statement is a remarkable ad­ mission of an entrapment at once willing and unwilling, a confession of both victory and defeat: I live out of Ireland because something in me warns me that I might stop there, that I might cease to feel what it has meant to have such a heritage, might grow placid when in fact I want yet again and for indefinable reasons to trace the same route, the trenchant childhood route, in the hope of finding some clue that will, or would, or could, make the leap that would restore one to one's original place and state of consciousness, to the radical innocence of the moment just before birth.
    [Show full text]
  • Architecture and Literature in Victorian Britain by Benjamin Zenas Cannon Doctor of Philosophy in English University of California, Berkeley Prof
    Disappearing Walls: Architecture and Literature in Victorian Britain By Benjamin Zenas Cannon A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Ian Duncan, Chair Professor Kent Puckett Professor Andrew Shanken Spring 2014 Disappearing Walls: Literature and Architecture in Victorian Britain © 2014 By Benjamin Zenas Cannon Abstract Disappearing Walls: Architecture and Literature in Victorian Britain By Benjamin Zenas Cannon Doctor of Philosophy in English University of California, Berkeley Prof. Ian Duncan, Chair From Discipline and Punish and The Madwoman in the Attic to recent work on urbanism, display, and material culture, criticism has regularly cast nineteenth-century architecture not as a set of buildings but as an ideological metastructure. Seen primarily in terms of prisons, museums, and the newly gendered private home, this “grid of intelligibility” polices the boundaries not only of physical interaction but also of cultural values and modes of knowing. As my project argues, however, architecture in fact offered nineteenth-century theorists unique opportunities to broaden radically the parameters of aesthetic agency. A building is generally not built by a single person; it is almost always a corporate effort. At the same time, a building will often exist for long enough that it will decay or be repurposed. Long before literature asked “what is an author?” Victorian architecture theory asked: “who can be said to have made this?” Figures like John Ruskin, Owen Jones, and James Fergusson radicalize this question into what I call a redistribution of intention, an ethically charged recognition of the value of other makers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries, Inc
    The Council on Botanical and Horticultural Libraries, Inc. Newsletter Number 94 August 2004 Annual Meeting Evaluation Summary Facilities DOUGLAS HOLLAND, CURATOR OF LIBRARY SERVICES & TECHNOLOGY The general meeting facilities were almost unanimously rated MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN “Excellent.” The meals and breaks were evenly split between SAINT LOUIS, MISSOURI “excellent” and “good” with a few comments on the morning continental breakfasts, suggesting both not having them at As those of you who attended the meeting know, we had a all, and having more “healthy” foods. There were several com- slight problem with the mail service and the timely arrival of ments about the banquet. Though folks enjoyed themselves, the evaluation forms. The forms I mailed to Chuck a week many felt that the food and service were not up to the quality before the meeting finally arrived in Pittsburgh, about two of the rest of the meeting. One complaint mentioned several weeks after the meeting! So despite the reprinting and late times was the lack of wine at the banquet. delivery of the forms to the meeting attendees, we had 41 evalu- ations returned. That is 59% of the 70 attendees at the meet- Everyone agreed that the hotel and dorm facilities were either ing. The overwhelming number of comments and general feel- “excellent” or “good.” One omission Yours Truly made on the ing of the results were that this was a really interesting and form was forgetting to separate the questions for dorm and well-run conference. hotel accommodations. Ten people were clever enough to scratch out “hotel” and write in “dorm” to let me know which Business meetings they were rating.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Garden of Eden to the New Creation in Christ : a Theological Investigation Into the Significance and Function of the Ol
    The University of Notre Dame Australia ResearchOnline@ND Theses 2017 From the Garden of Eden to the new creation in Christ : A theological investigation into the significance and function of the Old estamentT imagery of Eden within the New Testament James Cregan The University of Notre Dame Australia Follow this and additional works at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses Part of the Religion Commons COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 WARNING The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice. Publication Details Cregan, J. (2017). From the Garden of Eden to the new creation in Christ : A theological investigation into the significance and function of the Old Testament imagery of Eden within the New Testament (Doctor of Philosophy (College of Philosophy and Theology)). University of Notre Dame Australia. https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses/181 This dissertation/thesis is brought to you by ResearchOnline@ND. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of ResearchOnline@ND. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FROM THE GARDEN OF EDEN TO THE NEW CREATION IN CHRIST: A THEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE SIGNIFICANCE AND FUNCTION OF OLD TESTAMENT IMAGERY OF EDEN WITHIN THE NEW TESTAMENT. James M. Cregan A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame, Australia. School of Philosophy and Theology, Fremantle. November 2017 “It is thus that the bridge of eternity does its spanning for us: from the starry heaven of the promise which arches over that moment of revelation whence sprang the river of our eternal life, into the limitless sands of the promise washed by the sea into which that river empties, the sea out of which will rise the Star of Redemption when once the earth froths over, like its flood tides, with the knowledge of the Lord.
    [Show full text]
  • God Made Eve and Ordained Marriage
    GGOODD MMAADDEE EEVVEE aanndd oorrddaaiinneedd mmaarrrriiaaggee Several thousand years have passed since Adam and Eve became man and wife, but God hasn’t changed what he first instructed mankind regarding marriage in the Bible. Did you know that God was the One who decided that man and woman should marry? In Genesis 2 we find part of the wedding service spoken in many wedding ceremonies today. Men and women and marriage and children are very important to God. Marriage is not just a good idea… it’s a “God Idea”! But some people don’t know or don’t believe what God says about marriage. They say that marriage is something to be tried out to see if it will work—depending upon how you feel about it. Many folks are even suggesting that the idea of marriage is outdated. But what does the Bible say about marriage? Let’s take a look and find out! God decided that Adam needed a wife to help him and to be his companion. Genesis 2:18 The LORD God said, “It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him.” God decided that Adam should not live alone. - God was his Creator and knew what was best for him. - God didn’t ask Adam what he wanted or thought best. - God made the decision to make a wife for Adam. God loved Adam and wanted him to be complete. - God knew that Adam wouldn’t continue to be happy if he remained alone. - Because God loved Adam and wanted what was best for him, he decided to make a wife for him.
    [Show full text]
  • Another Look at Cain: from a Narrative Perspective
    신학논단 제102집 (2020. 12. 31): 241-263 https://doi.org/10.17301/tf.2020.12.102.241 Another Look at Cain: From a Narrative Perspective Wm. J McKinstry IV, MATS Adjunct Faculty, Department of General Education Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary In the Hebrew primeval histories names often carry significant weight. Much etymological rigour has been exercised in determining many of the names within the Bible. Some of the meaning of these names appear to have a consensus among scholars; among others there is less consensus and more contention. Numerous proposals have come forward with varying degrees of convincing (or unconvincing as the case may be) philological arguments, analysis of wordplays, possi- ble textual emendations, undiscovered etymologies from cognates in other languages, or onomastic studies detailing newly discovered names of similarity found in other ancient Semitic languages. Through these robust studies, when applicable, we can ascertain the meanings of names that may help to unveil certain themes or actions of a character within a narrative. For most of the names within the primeval histories of Genesis, the 242 신학논단 제102집(2020) meaning of a name is only one feature. For some names there is an en- compassing feature set: wordplay, character trait and/or character role, and foreshadowing. Three of the four members in the first family in Genesis, Adam, Eve, and Abel, have names that readily feature all the elements listed above. Cain, however, has rather been an exception in this area, further adding to Genesis 4’s enigmaticness in the Hebrew Bible’s primeval history. While three characters (Adam, Eve, and Abel) have names that (1) sound like other Hebrew words, that are (2) sug- gestive of their character or actions and (3) foreshadow or suggest fu- ture events about those characters, the meaning of Cain’s name does not render itself so explicitly to his character or his role in the narrative, at least not to the same degree of immediate conspicuousness.
    [Show full text]
  • The Marion County Tuberculosis Association's
    SAVING CHILDREN FROM THE WHITE PLAGUE: THE MARION COUNTY TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATION’S CRUSADE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS, 1911-1936 Kelly Gayle Gascoine Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in the Department of History, Indiana University May 2010 Accepted by the Faculty of Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. ________________________ William H. Schneider, Ph.D., Chair ________________________ Robert G. Barrows, Ph.D. Master’s Thesis Committee ________________________ Stephen J. Jay, M.D. ii Acknowledgments Many people assisted me as I researched and wrote my thesis and I thank them for their support. I would like to thank Dr. Bill Schneider, my thesis chair, for his encouragement and suggestions throughout this past year. Thank you also to the members of my committee, Dr. Bob Barrows and Dr. Stephen Jay, for taking the time to work with me. I would also like to thank the library staff of the Indiana Historical Society for aiding me in my research. iii Contents List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... v Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1: Tuberculosis in America ................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: The MCTA Sets Up Shop ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Disappearing Walls: Architecture and Literature in Victorian Britain by Benjamin Zenas Cannon a Dissertation Submitted in Partia
    Disappearing Walls: Architecture and Literature in Victorian Britain By Benjamin Zenas Cannon A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Ian Duncan, Chair Professor Kent Puckett Professor Andrew Shanken Spring 2014 Disappearing Walls: Literature and Architecture in Victorian Britain © 2014 By Benjamin Zenas Cannon Abstract Disappearing Walls: Architecture and Literature in Victorian Britain By Benjamin Zenas Cannon Doctor of Philosophy in English University of California, Berkeley Prof. Ian Duncan, Chair From Discipline and Punish and The Madwoman in the Attic to recent work on urbanism, display, and material culture, criticism has regularly cast nineteenth-century architecture not as a set of buildings but as an ideological metastructure. Seen primarily in terms of prisons, museums, and the newly gendered private home, this “grid of intelligibility” polices the boundaries not only of physical interaction but also of cultural values and modes of knowing. As my project argues, however, architecture in fact offered nineteenth-century theorists unique opportunities to broaden radically the parameters of aesthetic agency. A building is generally not built by a single person; it is almost always a corporate effort. At the same time, a building will often exist for long enough that it will decay or be repurposed. Long before literature asked “what is an author?” Victorian architecture theory asked: “who can be said to have made this?” Figures like John Ruskin, Owen Jones, and James Fergusson radicalize this question into what I call a redistribution of intention, an ethically charged recognition of the value of other makers.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Trends in Green Urbanism and Peculiarities of Multifunctional Complexes, Hotels and Offices Greening
    Ukrainian Journal of Ecology Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2020, 10(1), 226-236, doi: 10.15421/2020_36 REVIEW ARTICLE UDK 364.25: 502.313: 504.75: 635.9: 711.417.2/61 Current trends in Green Urbanism and peculiarities of multifunctional complexes, hotels and offices greening I. S. Kosenko, V. M. Hrabovyi, O. A. Opalko, H. I. Muzyka, A. I. Opalko National Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka”, National Academy of Science of Ukraine Kyivska St. 12а, Uman, Ukraine. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Received: 10.02.2020 Accepted 06.03.2020 The analysis of domestic and world publications on the evolution of ornamental garden plants use from the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and ancient Romans to the “dark times” of the middle Ages and the subsequent Renaissance was carried out. It was made in order to understand the current trends of Green Urbanism and in particular regarding the diversity of floral and ornamental arrangements used in the design of modern interiors of public spaces. The aim of the article is to grasp current trends of Green Urbanism regarding the diversity of floral and ornamental arrangements used in the design of modern interiors of public premises. Cross-cultural comparative methods have been used, partially using the hermeneutics of old-printed texts in accordance with the modern system of scientific knowledge. The historical antecedents of ornamental gardening, horticulture, forestry and vegetable growing, new trends in the ornamental plants cultivation, modern aspects of Green Urbanism are discussed. The need for the introduction of indoor plants in the residential and office premises interiors is argued in order to create a favorable atmosphere for work and leisure.
    [Show full text]
  • European Journal of American Studies, 14-3
    European journal of American studies 14-3 | 2019 Special Issue: Harriet Prescott Spofford: The Home, the Nation, and the Wilderness Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/ejas/14869 DOI: 10.4000/ejas.14869 ISSN: 1991-9336 Publisher European Association for American Studies Electronic reference European journal of American studies, 14-3 | 2019, “Special Issue: Harriet Prescott Spofford: The Home, the Nation, and the Wilderness” [Online], Online since 29 October 2019, connection on 08 July 2021. URL: https://journals.openedition.org/ejas/14869; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/ejas.14869 This text was automatically generated on 8 July 2021. European Journal of American studies 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction. Harriet Prescott Spofford: The Home, the Nation, and the Wilderness Stéphanie Durrans History, Her-Story Harriet Prescott Spofford’s Development of a Protestant Aesthetic for a Diverse Nation Paula Kot Feminizing a Colonial Epic: On Spofford’s “Priscilla” Daniela Daniele Feminist (Re)Writings “She Was the Mad Woman”: Misdiagnosed Madness in Harriet Prescott Spofford’s “Her Story” Sirpa Salenius Of Women, Wine and Salt: Revisioning the Home in Harriet Prescott Spofford’s Detective Fiction Stéphanie Durrans New Readings of “Circumstance” Narrating Violation: Harriet Prescott Spofford’s “Circumstance” Rita Bode Feline Alter Egos in Harriet Prescott Spofford’s “Circumstance” and the Poetry of Emily Dickinson Adeline Chevrier-Bosseau Dissolving Boundaries: Fluidity, Metamorphoses, and Queer Undercurrents Specular Metamorphoses: Harriet Prescott Spofford’s “The Ray of Displacement” Asunción López-Varela Seductive Snakes and Asexual Angels: Queer Undercurrents in Harriet Prescott Spofford’s “Desert Sands” H.J.E. Champion “Per si muove—it was a mass of moonstone”: Fluidity, Dynamic Relations, and the Commodification of Storytelling in Harriet Prescott Spofford’s Arctic Writings Verena Laschinger European journal of American studies, 14-3 | 2019 2 Introduction.
    [Show full text]