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The Transfer of Special Economic Zone (Sez)

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The Transfer of Special Economic Zone (Sez) Politecnico di Milano School of Architecture Urban Planning Construction Engineering Master of Science in Urban Planning and Policy Design AY 2019/2020 THE TRANSFER OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SEZ) DEVELOPMENT MODELS FROM CHINA TO AFRICA: The case of Liao Shen Industrial Park in Uganda Author: Maria Kibera | 893284 Supervisor: Prof. Davide Ponzini July 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS With a heart filled with gratitude, I thank God for the grace and patience He provided me with to be able to complete this research. His wisdom and favour have guided me throughout my master’s journey to this point and I do not take it for granted. I would also like to thank my family – the Kibera Clan and extended family, for believing in me and in my ability to complete this thesis research. Your invaluable assistance that you all provided me during my study was unmatched and greatly appreciated. And finally, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Davide Ponzini, whose great advice, support, and guidance shaped the course of my study and proved monumental towards the successful completion of this research. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................................... II ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................... VI SINTESI (ITALIAN) ............................................................................................................................................. VIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 10 1.1. Special Economic Zones, China and Africa ............................................................................... 10 1.2. Research Question and Objectives .......................................................................................... 14 1.3. Research Methodology ............................................................................................................. 15 1.3.1. Research Structure .............................................................................................................. 15 1.3.2. Elements of Analysis ........................................................................................................... 16 1.3.3. Data Collection ................................................................................................................... 19 1.4. Research Limitations ................................................................................................................ 20 CHAPTER 2: REGARDING SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES ..................................................................................... 22 2.1. Special Economic Zones Defined .............................................................................................. 22 2.2. Types of Special Economic Zones ............................................................................................. 24 2.3. History of SEZ Development ..................................................................................................... 26 2.3.1. The Rise of SEZs in China ..................................................................................................... 27 2.4. Chinese SEZs in Africa ............................................................................................................... 30 2.4.1. The Birth of Chinese SEZs in Africa...................................................................................... 30 2.4.2. Initial Implementation ........................................................................................................ 31 2.4.3. Towards an Industrial Regime ............................................................................................ 33 2.5. Chinese Development and Policy Transfer to Africa ............................................................... 37 2.6. Institutional Set-up of SEZs ...................................................................................................... 39 2.6.1. Key Stakeholders ................................................................................................................. 39 2.6.2. Institutional Models ............................................................................................................ 42 2.7. Role of SEZs in Urban Planning and Development .................................................................. 45 CHAPTER 3: CASE STUDY ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................. 49 3.1. Approaching SEZ Case Studies .................................................................................................. 49 3.2. SEZ in Liaoning Province, China ................................................................................................ 50 3.2.1. Liaoning: A Background Study ............................................................................................ 50 3.3. Case Study 1: China-German Equipment Manufacturing Industrial Park ............................... 54 3.3.1. Project Background............................................................................................................. 54 3.3.2. Institutional Set-up ............................................................................................................. 57 3.3.3. Spatial Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 58 3.3.4. Building Typologies ............................................................................................................. 63 3.3.5. Project Impacts ................................................................................................................... 64 3.4. Case Study 2: The Dalian Free Trade Zone ............................................................................... 67 3.4.1. Project Background............................................................................................................. 67 3.4.2. Institutional Set-up ............................................................................................................. 69 3.4.3. Spatial Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 70 3.4.4. Building Typologies ............................................................................................................. 75 3.4.5. Project Impacts ................................................................................................................... 76 3.5. Case Study 3: The Liao Shen Industrial Park in Uganda .......................................................... 79 3.5.1. The Case of Uganda ............................................................................................................ 80 3.5.2. Project Background............................................................................................................. 81 3.5.3. Institutional Set-up ............................................................................................................. 85 3.5.4. Spatial Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 88 3.5.5. Building Typologies ............................................................................................................. 93 3.5.6. Project Impacts ................................................................................................................... 95 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION ................................................................................................ 103 4.1. Transfer Indications: From China to Uganda. ........................................................................ 103 4.1.1. Institutional Set-up ........................................................................................................... 103 4.1.2. Spatial Characteristics ...................................................................................................... 109 4.1.3. Building Typologies ........................................................................................................... 112 4.1.4. Hinterland Development................................................................................................... 114 4.1.5. Economic Features ............................................................................................................ 117 4.2. Complexities of the Transfer Process ..................................................................................... 119 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................ 123 5.1. Transfer of Elements ............................................................................................................... 123 5.1.1. Institutional Set-up ........................................................................................................... 124 5.1.2. Spatial Characteristics ...................................................................................................... 125 5.1.3. Building Typologies ........................................................................................................... 125 5.1.4. Hinterland Development..................................................................................................
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