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The Secret History of Australia's Nuclear Ambitions
Jim Walsh SURPRISE DOWN UNDER: THE SECRET HISTORY OF AUSTRALIAS NUCLEAR AMBITIONS by Jim Walsh Jim Walsh is a visiting scholar at the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He is also a Ph.D. candidate in the Political Science program at MIT, where he is completing a dissertation analyzing comparative nuclear decisionmaking in Australia, the Middle East, and Europe. ustralia is widely considered tactical nuclear weapons. In 1961, of state behavior and the kinds of Ato be a world leader in ef- Australia proposed a secret agree- policies that are most likely to retard forts to halt and reverse the ment for the transfer of British the spread of nuclear weapons? 1 spread of nuclear weapons. The nuclear weapons, and, throughout This article attempts to answer Australian government created the the 1960s, Australia took actions in- some of these questions by examin- Canberra Commission, which called tended to keep its nuclear options ing two phases in Australian nuclear for the progressive abolition of open. It was not until 1973, when history: 1) the attempted procure- nuclear weapons. It led the fight at Australia ratified the NPT, that the ment phase (1956-1963); and 2) the the U.N. General Assembly to save country finally renounced the acqui- indigenous capability phase (1964- the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty sition of nuclear weapons. 1972). The historical reconstruction (CTBT), and the year before, played Over the course of four decades, of these events is made possible, in a major role in efforts to extend the Australia has gone from a country part, by newly released materials Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of that once sought nuclear weapons to from the Australian National Archive Nuclear Weapons (NPT) indefi- one that now supports their abolition. -
Exploring the Public Purposes of Education in Australian Primary Schools
EXPLORING THE PUBLIC PURPOSES OF EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS Report of an ARC Linkage Project: July 20101 Chief Investigators Professor Emeritus Alan Reid: University of South Australia Professor Neil Cranston: University of Tasmania Professor Jack Keating: University of Melbourne Professor Emeritus Bill Mulford: University of Tasmania Industry Partners The Australian Government Primary Principals Association The Foundation for Young Australians 1 Note: This report is a summary of the research conducted. More detailed discussions of various aspects of this research are provided in the links contained within the report. 1 Exploring the Public Purposes of Education in Australian Primary Schools Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ 6 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 7 Part 1: The research questions and their rationale ............................................................................. 15 1.1 The genesis of the project ................................................................................................... 15 1.2 Deciding on the research questions and process ............................................................... 16 1.2.1 Why study the purposes of education? ....................................................................... 16 1.2.2 The research questions -
William Mcmahon: the First Treasurer with an Economics Degree
William McMahon: the first Treasurer with an economics degree John Hawkins1 William McMahon was Australia’s first treasurer formally trained in economics. He brought extraordinary energy to the role. The economy performed strongly during McMahon’s tenure, although there are no major reforms to his name, and arguably pressures were allowed to build which led to the subsequent inflation of the 1970s. Never popular with his cabinet colleagues, McMahon’s public reputation was tarnished by his subsequent unsuccessful period as prime minister. Source: National Library of Australia.2 1 The author formerly worked in the Domestic Economy Division, the Australian Treasury. This article has benefited from comments provided by Selwyn Cornish and Ian Hancock but responsibility lies with the author and the views are not necessarily those of Treasury. 83 William McMahon: the first treasurer with an economics degree Introduction Sir William McMahon is now recalled by the public, if at all, for accompanying his glamorous wife to the White House in a daringly revealing outfit (hers not his). Comparisons invariably place him as one of the weakest of the Australian prime ministers.3 Indeed, McMahon himself recalled it as ‘a time of total unpleasantness’.4 His reputation as treasurer is much better, being called ‘by common consent a remarkably good one’.5 The economy performed well during his tenure, but with the global economy strong and no major shocks, this was probably more good luck than good management.6 His 21 years and four months as a government minister, across a range of portfolios, was the third longest (and longest continuously serving) in Australian history.7 In his younger days he was something of a renaissance man; ‘a champion ballroom dancer, an amateur boxer and a good squash player — all of which require, like politics, being fast on his feet’.8 He suffered deafness until it was partly cured by some 2 ‘Portrait of William McMahon, Prime Minister of Australia from 1971-1972/Australian Information Service’, Bib ID: 2547524. -
ACHIEVEMENT and SHORTFALL in the NARCISSISTIC LEADER Gough Whitlam and Australian Politics
CHAPTER 12 ACHIEVEMENT AND SHORTFALL IN THE NARCISSISTIC LEADER Gough Whitlam and Australian Politics JAMES A. WALTER Conservative parties have dominated Australian federal politics since the Second World War. Coming to power in 1949 under Mr. (later Sir) Robert Menzies, the Liberal-Country party (L-CP) coalition held office continuously until 1972, when it was displaced by the reformist Aus tralian Labor party (ALP) government of Mr. Gough Whitlam. Yet the Whitlam ALP government served for only three years before losing office in unusual and controversial circumstances in 1975, since which time the conservative coalition has again held sway. It is my purpose here to examine the leadership of Gough Whitlam and the effects he had upon the fortunes of the ALP government. But first, it is essential to sketch briefly the political history of the years before Whitlam carne to power and the material conditions which the ALP administration en countered, for rarely can the success or failure of an administration be attributed solely to the qualities of an individual. In this case, the con tingencies of situation and history were surely as relevant as the charac teristics of leadership. In Australia, the period from the late 1940s until the late 1960s was, in relative terms, a time of plenty. Prices for Australian exports (agri cultural and later mineral products) were high, foreign investment in the economy flourished, and Robert Menzies' conservative government capitalized by astutely presenting itself as the beneficent author of these conditions. In reality, the government played little part, and develop- 231 C. B. Strozier et al. -
New Books January – June 2021 Our Team
The discussion starts here NEW BOOKS JANUARY – JUNE 2021 OUR TEAM Greg Bain, Acting Director [email protected] Sarah Cannon, Senior Marketing Coordinator [email protected] New and forthcoming books 2 Joanne Mullins, Coordinator [email protected] Award winners and shortlisters 22 Les Thomas, Designer Recent highlights 24 [email protected] Sam van der Plank, Publishing Officer Backlist 25 [email protected] How to order and distributors 37 About our eBooks and open access books 37 Monash University Publishing Monash University Level 2, Matheson Library Annexe 44 Exhibition Walk, Clayton Campus Wellington Road Clayton VIC 3168, Australia +6 13 9905 0590 [email protected] www.publishing.monash.edu Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and LinkedIn CONTENTS New and forthcoming books 2 Award winners and shortlisters 22 Recent highlights 24 Backlist 25 How to order and distributors 37 About our eBooks and open access books 37 NEW AND FORTHCOMING BOOKS EVE LANGLEY AND THE PEA PICKERS By Helen Vines ‘Eve Langley’s strange story, its secrets and silences, has baffled many literary sleuths’ Brenda Niall ‘Such skilful literary detective work into one of Australia’s most astonishing and misunderstood writers’ Cathy Perkins Autobiography or fiction? This question has shadowed the work of enigmatic Australian author Eve Langley since her first novel, The Pea Pickers, was published in 1942. Almost immediately after, Eve was committed to a mental asylum in Auckland where she remained for more than seven years, separated from her three RRP: AUD/US $34.95 | May 2021 young children. Hailed as a tour de force, The Pea ISBN (paperback): 9781922464392 Pickers was based on Eve’s real-life experiences in the 1920s and tells the story of two feisty sisters who wander the Australian countryside dressed as men magazine and she co-authored seeking work and adventure. -
Australia and Britain at Empire's End
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sydney eScholarship A “Foreign” Country? Australia and Britain at Empire’s End. Greta Beale A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of B.A. (Advanced)(Hons) in History. University of Sydney October 2011 − Acknowledgements – ____________________________________________________________________________________________ I would like to firstly thank my supervisor Dr. James Curran for his patience, support and for sharing with me his incredible knowledge and passion for Australian political history. Your guidance was invaluable and much appreciated. I would also like to thank the 2011 honours coordinator, Dr. Kirsten McKenzie, for guiding me in the right direction and for her encouraging words. To the staff at Fisher Library, the National Library of Australia and the National Archives of Australia, your assistance in the research stages of the thesis was so helpful, and I thank you for going above and beyond your respective roles. To my family, I thank you for talking me through what sometimes seemed an overwhelming task. To Dad and Sasha, my calming influences, and to Mum, for her patient and precise proof reading, day trips to Canberra, and for listening with genuine interest to my ongoing discussions about the finer details of the Anglo- Australian relationship, many, many thanks. 2 - Contents - _____________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgements 2 Introduction Disentangling From Empire 4 Chapter 1 The Myth of “Civic Britannicus Sum” The United Kingdom Commonwealth Immigration Act 27 Chapter 2 “Austr-aliens” The Commonwealth Immigration Act, 1971. 49 Chapter 3 “Another tie is loosed” The transfer of responsibility for Australia House, 1972. -
The Australian History Summit, 17 August 2006 Biographical Details Of
THE AUSTRALIAN HISTORY SUMMIT, 17 AUGUST 2006 BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS OF SUMMIT PARTICIPANTS Mr Andrew Barnett, Year 12 Level Co-ordinator and Senior Teacher, Ruyton Girls' School Mr Barnett is Year 12 Level Co-ordinator (Pastoral Care) and Senior Teacher of Economics, History and Politics at Ruyton Girls' School, Kew in Victoria. He has an MA in History, a BA and a Dip Ed from La Trobe University. He has taught in the Humanities discipline (Secondary Level -Years 7 to 12) for over 30 years in a range of Victorian schools including Thomastown High School, Heidelberg High School, Camberwell Grammar School, Trinity Grammar School, Lauriston Girls' School and (since 2001) Ruyton Girls' School. He has taught History, Social Sciences/Studies, Economics (including the International Baccalaureate), Politics, Asian Studies and Philosophy (from Years 7-12). Concurrently, he has served as Year 9/10 Social Sciences Co-ordinator (Camberwell Grammar), Co-ordinator of Asian/Australian Studies (Lauriston), Head of Economics/Politics Department (Lauriston), Senior House-Master (Lauriston), Co-ordinator of Pastoral Care for Years 9/10 and 12 (Ruyton), and an Acting Deputy Principal for Student Administration (Lauriston). Emeritus Professor Geoffrey Blainey AC, Ernest Scott Professor of History, University of Melbourne (1977-1988), Chancellor of the University of Ballarat (1994-1998) Emeritus Professor Blainey has published over 30 books on Australian history and world history. He is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia and the Academy of the Humanities in Australia. He studied History at the University of Melbourne under R M Crawford and worked as a freelance historian, pioneering the field of business history with The Peaks of Lyell; Gold and Paper: a History of the National Bank of Australasia; and Mines in the Spinifex. -
Wilfred Burchett, Australia and the Cold War in the Asia Pacific
Volume 6 | Issue 9 | Article ID 2912 | Sep 01, 2008 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus The Forgotten History War: Wilfred Burchett, Australia and the Cold War in the Asia Pacific Jamie Miller The Forgotten History War: WilfredBurchett’s life and work, probes the ideological Burchett, Australia and the Cold War in roots of the clash, and examines such issues as the Asia Pacific the charges of US use of germ warfare in Korea, the bombing of Korea and Vietnam, and Jamie Miller claims that Burchett was a KGB agent. Japan Focus. For half a century, Australian journalists and academics have fought bitterly over the legacy In July 2008, with little warning, a bitter of journalist Wilfred Burchett. Burchett broke historical controversy broke out in response to the US embargo to report on radiation from Robert Manne’s Monthly article ‘Agent of Hiroshima in August 1945, calling it “the Influence: Reassessing Wilfred Burchett’.[1] A atomic plague, then controversially covered the group of academics attacked him in caustic Korean and Vietnam Wars from “the other terms for nothing less than intellectual side”. “Could anything justify the extermination dishonesty[2]; Manne responded by accusing of civilians on such a scale?” he pondered of them of lying.[3] Onlookers could have been Hiroshima. excused for wondering what had sparked such open and personal animosity. However, this latest skirmish, like a far-off border clash, was merely the most recent flare-up in a long- running feud over the enigmatic legacy of Australian foreign correspondent and alleged traitor Wilfred Burchett (1911-83).[4] This article will illuminate the history of heated ideological and personal clashes over the meaning of Burchett’s life, thereby providing the much-needed background to the recent dispute for both historians and lay readers alike. -
Arthur A. Calwell's Clashes with the Australian Press, 1943-1945 Colm Kiernan University of Wollongong
University of Wollongong Historical Journal Volume 2 | Issue 1 Article 4 1976 Arthur A. Calwell's clashes with the Australian Press, 1943-1945 Colm Kiernan University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: http://ro.uow.edu.au/hj Recommended Citation Kiernan, Colm, Arthur A. Calwell's clashes with the Australian Press, 1943-1945, University of Wollongong Historical Journal, 2(1), 1976, 74-111. Available at:http://ro.uow.edu.au/hj/vol2/iss1/4 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Arthur A. Calwell's clashes with the Australian Press, 1943-1945 Abstract Arthur Calwell's antagonism to the press was shared by most Australian Labor Party politicians, who explained their setbacks, such as electoral defeats, in terms of opposition from the media, in particular, from the 'capitalist press'. While Arthur Calwell was more bitterly critical than were most others, this was due chiefly ot his ability to express himself, which exceeded that of most of his colleagues. Besides, as Minister for Information, in charge of censorship, he was most likely to provide a target for the press. It would be wrong to explain the conflict, as Alan Reid did, as having been due to his failure to make J.J. Curtin's first Ministry: 'Whatever the newspapers and newspapermen did, they were not going to ignore him, Arthur Calwell, the man who had run the A.L.P. machine in Victoria and told successive State Administrations where they got off'. -
Western Australian History – the Next Assignments Address to the History Council of Western Australia
HISTORICAL PRACTICE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN HISTORY – THE NEXT ASSIGNMENTS ADDRESS TO THE HISTORY COUNCIL OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA Geoffrey Bolton, Emeritus Professor of History and Chancellor of Murdoch University Correspondence to Geoffrey Bolton: [email protected] When Pope Alexander VI in 1494 divided the world between Portuguese and Spanish spheres of influence he can never have imagined that he was creating Western Australia. By placing the dividing line of longitude at a point which would give Brazil to Portugal he inadvertently ensured that the western third of the then unknown Australian continent would lie in the Portuguese zone while the rest went to Spain. Three centuries later when the British asserted sovereignty over Australia they at first laid claim only to the former Spanish sphere of influence, at first east of longitude 135 and subsequently as far as the ‘Pope’s line’ at longitude 129 degrees. It has been suggested that the failure to annex Western Australia was due to respect for the British East India Company, who could be seen as inheriting the shadowy Portuguese entitlement in the Indian Ocean region. When in 1826 Governor Darling eventually sent a garrison to show the flag at King Georges Sound, now the site of Albany, the East India Company’s authority had waned and it seemed necessary to discourage foreign powers from laying claim to Western Australia. Soon afterwards Captain James Stirling established the Swan River Colony and Western Australia was defined as all that part of the continent lying west of longitude 129 east. For much of its length this boundary line has some justification, as the Nullarbor Plain and the Great Sandy Desert are geographic features which might well foster a sense of separateness; however there is little logic in dividing the Kimberley district from the western part of the Northern Territory. -
3. Inside the Canberra Press Gallery
3. Inside the Canberra Press Gallery Soon after Christmas 1950, the chief of staff told me I would be going to Canberra for the upcoming session of Parliament. I was excited and anticipated seeing household names such as Menzies, Chifley, Evatt, Fadden and Calwell in action on the floor of Parliament. To serve in the press gallery in Canberra was one of my ambitions, but I feared I was far too junior to be selected for such a job. My father congratulated me. I was twenty-one and still in my cadetship. With another young journalist, Tony Ferguson, who was later to have an illustrious career with the Australian Broadcasting Commission (now Corporation: ABC) including as executive director of This Day Tonight, I arrived at Canberra Airport in a Trans-Australia Airlines (TAA) DC3. The terminal was a wooden building, not much bigger than two decent farm sheds. Our home away from home was the Hotel Civic in the heart of Civic Centre. The basis of our stay was all expenses paid by the Mirror: taxis when required, laundry, meal payments, and so on. Like the majority of Australians who had not visited the national capital, I could not visualise what it was like, yet it was only some 320 km from Sydney—then a five-hour drive. Was it a smaller version of Sydney without the harbour? Was Parliament House in the middle of the city? I soon realised that Canberra was a country town without a clearly defined centre. Civic Centre was not and still is not the heart of Canberra. -
The Voice of Edith Cowan: Australia's First Woman Parliamentarian 1921-1924
Edith Cowan University Research Online ECU Publications Pre. 2011 1996 The voice of Edith Cowan: Australia's first woman parliamentarian 1921-1924 Harry C.J. Phillips Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks Part of the Legislation Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Women's History Commons Phillips, H.C.J. (1996). The voice of Edith Cowan: Australia's first woman parliamentarian 1921-1924. Churchlands, Australia: Edith Cowan University. This Book is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks/6821 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: • Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. • A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. • A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. THE \TOICE OF EDITH COWAN AUSTRALIA'S FIRST WOMAN PARLIAMENTARIAN, 1921-24 HARRY C. J. PHILLIPS EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY CHURCHLANDS, WESTERN AUSTRALIA Published by Edith Cowan University Pearson Street, Churchlands, Western Australia 6018 First published in 1996 Copyright-Edith Cowan University This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission.