DOCSLIB.ORG

Cross-Cultural Exchange and the Circulation of Knowledge in the First Global Age

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cross-Cultural Exchange and the Circulation of Knowledge in the First Global Age www.edicoesafrontamento.pt AMÉLIA POLÓNIA Amélia Polónia is a Professor at the Department of History, in the first global age global first in the knowledge of the circulation exchangeand cross-cultural Political and International Studies of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Porto and scientific coordinator of the CITCEM Research Centre. Her scientific interests include agent-based analysis applied to historical dynamics, social and economic networks and seaport communities . These topics are applied to her direct interests on the Portuguese Overseas Expansion and the European Colonization in the Early Modern Age. Seaports history, migrations, transfers and flows between different continents and oceans as well as the environmental impacts of the European colonization overseas are key-subjects of Amélia Polónia's recent research. FABIANO BRACHT PhD in History at the University of Porto, Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of São Paulo (USP), and researcher of the CITCEM, University of Porto. His recent publications are related with the thematics of the Social His- tory of Health, History of Science, Medicine, Pharmacy and Natural Sciences, and Environmental History. Bracht’s cur- CROSS-CULTURAL EXCHANGE CROSS-CULTURAL EXCHANGE CROSS-CULTURAL EXCHANGE rent research field is the History of Medicine and Natural AND THE CIRCULATION OF Sciences in the eighteenth century South Asia and the pro- KNOWLEDGE IN THE FIRST AND THE CIRCULATION OF AND THE CIRCULATION OF duction and circulation of knowledge within the Colonial GLOBAL AGE KNOWLEDGE IN THE FIRST KNOWLEDGE IN THE FIRST Empires. GLOBAL AGE GISELE C. CONCEIÇÃO EDITORS PhD in History at the University of Porto, Portugal. Post- AMÉLIA POLÓNIA FABIANO BRACHT EDITORS GLOBAL AGE doctoral researcher at Faculty of Arts and Humanities at GISELE C. CONCEIÇÃO AMÉLIA POLÓNIA University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil. Researcher of CITCEM. MONIQUE PALMA FABIANO BRACHT Gisele Conceição has been working on the History of Sci- GISELE C. CONCEIÇÃO MONIQUE PALMA ence, especially History of Natural Philosophy and Medicine in the Early Modern Portuguese Empire. Her research focus MONIQUE PALMA MONIQUE GISELE C. CONCEIÇÃO BRACHT FABIANO AMÉLIA POLÓNIA EDITORS is on the processes of knowledge production, emphasizing EDITORS the entanglement and dynamics of knowledge forms in their AMÉLIA POLÓNIA historical making. Some of her specific interests include FABIANO BRACHT History of Natural Philosophy, History of Medicine, Envi- GISELE C. CONCEIÇÃO ronmental History, Philosophical Travels, and Scientific MONIQUE PALMA Expeditions throughout the Portuguese Empire in the Early Modern Period. MONIQUE PALMA Monique Palma is PhD student in History at the University of Porto in Portugal. She holds a fellowship from Capes (Coor- dination for the Improvement of Higher Education Person- nel – Coordinating efforts to improve the quality of Brazil’s faculty and staff in higher education through grant programs). She is a member of CITCEM (Transdisciplinary Research Centre). She currently researches the circulations of med- CITCEM ical surgical knowledge between Portugal and Brazil in the y y eighteenth century, as part of the history of science. Cross-cultural Exchange and the Circulation oF Knowledge in the First Global Age Editors Amélia Polónia Fabiano Bracht Gisele C. Conceição Monique Palma Scientific Committee Ana Isabel Queirós Cristina Joanaz Cristiana Bastos João Carlos Garcia JosÉ Pardo-Tomás Onésimo Almeida Timothy Walker ThomÁs Haddad Título: Cross-cultural Exchange and the Circulation of Knowledge in the First Global Age Editores: Amélia Polónia, Fabiano Bracht, Gisele C. Conceição e Monique Palma Comissão científica: Ana Isabel Queirós, Cristina Joanaz, Cristiana Bastos, João Carlos Garcia, José Pardo-Tomás Onésimo Almeida, Timothy Walker e Thomás Haddad Design gráfico: Helena Lobo Design | www.hldesign.pt Imagem da capa: POPPLE, Henry – Atlas Map of the British Empire in America (sheet 17). London: Willm. Henry Toms & R.W. Seale, 1733. Copyright of the David Rumsey Historical Map Collection (www.davidrumsey.com) Revisão editorial: Marta Sofia Costa Co­‑edição: CITCEM – Centro de Investigação Transdisciplinar Cultura, Espaço e Memória Via Panorâmica, s/n | 4150­‑564 Porto | www.citcem.org | [email protected] Edições Afrontamento, Lda. | Rua Costa Cabral, 859 | 4200­‑225 Porto www.edicoesafrontamento.pt | [email protected] N.º edição: 1913 ISBN: 978-972-36-1635-4 (Edições Afrontamento) ISBN: 978 -989 -8351 -88 -3 (CITCEM) Depósito legal: 437100/18 DOI: https://doi.org/9789898351883Cross Porto, novembro de 2018 Impressão e acabamento: Rainho & Neves Lda. | Santa Maria da Feira [email protected] Distribuição: Companhia das Artes – Livros e Distribuição, Lda. [email protected] Trabalho cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) e por fundos nacionais através da FCT, no âmbito do projeto POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007460. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 PART I – SCIENCE AS POWER AND THE POWER OF SCIENCE 13 Science and power relations: Circulation of agents and natural philosophical knowledge between Portugal and Brazil in the 18th century – The case of António Nunes Ribeiro Sanches 15 Gisele Cristina da Conceição The Luso-Brazilian medical students at Montpellier and the establishment of an intellectual elite between two Atlantic empires 37 Rafael Dias da Silva Campos From the garden of Mr. Lindo to the Philosophical Transactions. Scientific exchanges and knowledge legitimation in the mid-18th century Royal Society 53 Carla Vieira PART II – PERCEPTIONS AND INTERACTIONS WITHIN COLONIAL NATURAL WORLDS 73 Towards a scientific approach of nature: Looking at Southern Africa biodiversity throughout the 16th century Portuguese records on marine fauna 75 Ana Cristina Roque Connected margins and disconnected knowledge: Exotic marine mammals in the making of early modern European natural history 103 Cristina Brito A comparative approach to historical whaling techniques: Transfer of knowledge in the 17th century from the Biscay to Brazil 125 Nina Vieira From the New World to Barcelona: American flora in the Salvador’s Cabinet 145 Julianna Morcelli Oliveros PART III – COLONIAL MEDICAL PRACTICES AND THE TRANSFERENCE OF KNOWLEDGE 165 The Eastern Portuguese Empire: Frontiers and contact zones in knowledge production contexts 167 Fabiano Bracht Circulation of knowledge between Portugal and Brazil in the 18th century. The case study of thermal bathing 193 Monique Palma Medicinal plants of Brazil in the pharmacopoeias of the friar João de Jesus Maria 207 Wellington Bernardelli Silva Filho Introduction Introduction Cross-cultural Exchange and the Circulation of Knowledge in the First Global Age contributes to the understanding of mechanisms and processes of production and circulation of knowledge in the Early Modern Age. Seeing that the Early Modern colonial empires connected a wide variety of peoples and cul- tural complexes all over the world, this will also be a contribution to colonial history. The focus of the pres- ent collection is on the relation between the development of local knowledge production and its connec- tion with wider contexts, at local and global levels. In this setting, knowledge production would, therefore, also be influenced by how knowledge circulated among the various producers, associated with local factors, processes of exchange, negotiation, and reconfiguration, often involving asymmetric power relations. From that viewpoint, knowledge production would no longer be related only with the so-called scientific knowledge, as upheld by traditional works on the history of science, but would also involve wide-ranging practical knowledge and its global circulation, allowing knowledge production mechanisms to be under- stood as a more complex system, crossing different local and polycentric systems. During the last decades, different strands of analysis have been running in the same direction. In colonial studies, there has been an increase in studies analyzing the role of local populations within the pro- cesses of empire building1. Another discussion that has become increasingly relevant concerns the impor- tance of extra-official circuits and mechanisms, as well as self-organized networks connecting diverse worlds in contact, assumed both as trans-imperial and cross-cultural2. This question is intrinsically related to the circulation of artefacts of knowledge – material or cultural – through these connected structures3. In this context, it became crucial to look at the activities of various intermediaries, brokers, go-betweens and translators, without whom the colonial institutions or the religious orders could have successfully inter- acted with the local communities, nor gained access to their set of practices and knowledge. The origins of these individuals varied greatly, and they constituted an extremely diverse cosmos, with varied cultural, reli- gious and linguistic backgrounds, building many dimensions of sociability, sharing knowledge and other cultural features. Foreigners, local inhabitants or those of mixed descent, these individuals represented the most diverse roles within or in the margins of the colonial structures. Whether merchants or ship-owners, whether surgeons, physicians, herbalists or missionaries, to say nothing of the village healers and midwives or just the curiosity collectors, such agents and their products and activities
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Flower Chain the Early Discovery of Australian Plants
    The Flower Chain The early discovery of Australian plants Hamilton and Brandon, Jill Douglas Hamilton Duchess of University of Sydney Library Sydney, Australia 2002 http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/ozlit © University of Sydney Library. The texts and images are not to be used for commercial purposes without permission Source Text: Prepared with the author's permission from the print edition published by Kangaroo Press Sydney 1998 All quotation marks are retained as data. First Published: 1990 580.994 1 Australian Etext Collections at botany prose nonfiction 1940- women writers The flower chain the early discovery of Australian plants Sydney Kangaroo Press 1998 Preface Viewing Australia through the early European discovery, naming and appreciation of its flora, gives a fresh perspective on the first white people who went to the continent. There have been books on the battle to transform the wilderness into an agriculturally ordered land, on the convicts, on the goldrush, on the discovery of the wealth of the continent, on most aspects of settlement, but this is the first to link the story of the discovery of the continent with the slow awareness of its unique trees, shrubs and flowers of Australia. The Flower Chain Chapter 1 The Flower Chain Begins Convict chains are associated with early British settlement of Australia, but there were also lighter chains in those grim days. Chains of flowers and seeds to be grown and classified stretched across the oceans from Botany Bay to Europe, looping back again with plants and seeds of the old world that were to Europeanise the landscape and transform it forever.
    [Show full text]
  • Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology
    he name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Deutsche Gesellschaft für Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Philosophy of BioT logy) refl ects recent history as well as German tradition. Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften”, Annals of the History founded in 1910 by Leipzig University‘s Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: “We want to establish a ‘German’ society in order to gather Ger- and Philosophy of Biology man-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society…”. Yet Sudhoff, at this Volume 17 (2012) time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was “quite willing” to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and formerly Jahrbuch für “drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie with an international society”. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specifi c set of histori- cal circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years lat- er when in 1991, in the wake of German reunifi cation, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie” was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing stud- ies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, us- ing for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medi- Annals of the History and Philosophy Biology, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Exchanges: Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the Duchess of Portland
    ARTICLE IN PRESS History of European Ideas 33 (2007) 142–156 www.elsevier.com/locate/histeuroideas Botanical exchanges: Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the Duchess of Portland Alexandra Cook Department of Philosophy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Available online 11 January 2007 Abstract In 1766 Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in exile from France and Switzerland, came to England, where he made the acquaintance of Margaret Cavendish Harley Bentinck, Duchess of Portland. The two began to botanise together and to exchange letters about botany. These letters contain salient statements about Rousseau’s views on natural theology, gardens, botanical texts and exotic botany. This exchange entailed not only discussions about plant identifications and other botanical matters, but most important, reciprocal gifts of books and specimens in the manner of gentlemanly scientific correspondence of the period. Rousseau volunteered his services as the Duchess’s ‘herborist’ or plant collector, and collected specimens and seeds in her behalf; these were destined for her own extensive herbaria and other natural history collections. Rousseau, who elsewhere denied female talent for science, admired the Duchess’s knowledge of natural history, acknowledging his own as inferior. Their correspondence ended when the Duchess sent him the Herbarium amboinense of Georg Rumpf (Rumphius), an important work of exotic botany. Rousseau considered exotic botany to be the antithesis of the domination-free nature from which he derived solace and inspiration. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Jean-Jacques Rousseau; Duchess of Portland; Herbaria; Gardens; Exotic botany; Rumphius; Herbarium amboinense The philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) was an important populariser of botany in the late eighteenth-century Europe and America, and especially in Great Britain, as a result of Thomas Martyn’s posthumous 1785 translation of Rousseau’s famous eight letters on botany.1 English writers on education such as Priscilla Wakefield and Maria E-mail address: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • HUNTIA a Journal of Botanical History
    HUNTIA A Journal of Botanical History VOLUME 16 NUMBER 1 2017 Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh The Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, a research division of Carnegie Mellon University, specializes in the history of botany and all aspects of plant science and serves the international scientific community through research and documentation. To this end, the Institute acquires and maintains authoritative collections of books, plant images, manuscripts, portraits and data files, and provides publications and other modes of information service. The Institute meets the reference needs of botanists, biologists, historians, conservationists, librarians, bibliographers and the public at large, especially those concerned with any aspect of the North American flora. Huntia publishes articles on all aspects of the history of botany, including exploration, art, literature, biography, iconography and bibliography. The journal is published irregularly in one or more numbers per volume of approximately 200 pages by the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation. External contributions to Huntia are welcomed. Page charges have been eliminated. All manuscripts are subject to external peer review. Before submitting manuscripts for consideration, please review the “Guidelines for Contributors” on our Web site. Direct editorial correspondence to the Editor. Send books for announcement or review to the Book Reviews and Announcements Editor. All issues are available as PDFs on our Web site. Hunt Institute Associates may elect to receive Huntia as a benefit of membership; contact the Institute for more information. Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation Carnegie Mellon University 5th Floor, Hunt Library 4909 Frew Street Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890 Telephone: 412-268-2434 Email: [email protected] Web site: http://www.huntbotanical.org Editor and layout Scarlett T.
    [Show full text]
  • Catálogo Da Flora De Galicia
    Catálogo da flora de Galicia María Inmaculada Romero Buján Catálogo da Flora de Galicia María Inmaculada Romero Buján GI-1934 TTB Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Monografías do IBADER - Lugo 2008 Catálogo da Flora de Galicia Primeria edición: 2008 Autor: María Inmaculada Romero Buján A efectos bibliográficos a obra debe citarse: Romero Buján, M.I. (2008). Catálogo da flora de Galicia. Monografías do Ibader 1. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Lugo Deseño e Maquetación: L. Gómez-Orellana Fotografía: M.I. Romero Buján; J. Amigo Vazquez; M.A. Rodríguez Guitián Ilustracións: L. Gómez-Orellana ISSN edición impresa: 1888-5810 ISSN edición digital: http://www.ibader.org Depósito Legal: C 173-2008 Edita: IBADER. Instituto de de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n. E-27002 Lugo, Galicia. http://www.ibader.org Imprime: Litonor Copyright: Instituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER). Colabora: Índice Limiar 7 Introdución 11 Material e métodos 11 Resultados 12 Agradecementos 14 Catálogo 15 Bibliografía 129 Anexo I - Plantas que requiren a confirmación dá súa presenza en Galicia 137 Anexo II - Índice de nomes de autores 138 Anexo III - Índice de nomes científicos 143 Limiar El que vivimos es tiempo en el que deslumbran los grandes avances de la ciencia en la escala de lo más grande y de lo más pequeño. Las grandes conquistas en estos planos y la repercusión que han tenido y tienen sobre la humanidad son causa del halo que les acompaña, pero con frecuencia, ese mismo halo ciega a quienes se mueven en esos campos, a quienes los valoran o los que los difunden y divulgan en los medios de comunicación, también a los receptores de las noticias que dan esos medios.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Palimpsests, Or Erasure of Women in Science: the Case Study of Mme Dugage De Pommereul (1733–1782)
    BotanIcAL PALIMPSESTS, Or ErASUrE OF WOMEn In ScIEncE: THE cASE STUDy OF MME DUgAgE DE POMMErEUL (1733–1782) SARAH BENHARRECH1 Abstract. While 18th-century French scientific institutions such as the Parisian academies and theJardin du Roi did not accept women among their ranks, the few contributions that women made to Old regime science have been either forgotten, erased, or attributed to their male counterparts. Mme Dugage de Pommereul’s life and work (1733–1782) are a prime example. Although she gained some recognition from 1778–1780, she sank into oblivion in the 19th century when all mentions of her were gradually obliterated. She worked under the supervision of A. Thouin in 1778 and assisted her former professor A.-L. de Jussieu (1748–1836) who entrusted her with the preparation of a study of grasses and a contribution to the Encyclopédie méthodique. Joseph Dombey (1742–1794) dedicated the short-lived Dugagesia margaritifera to her. Ortega gomez (1741–1818) awarded her a degree from the royal Academy of Medicine in Madrid, and Linnaeus the younger named the Pommereulla cornucopiæ in her honor. Piecing together biographical elements with archival evidence, this study provides for the first time a narrative of her life and botanical practice. Keywords: Paris, A-L. de Jussieu, J. Dombey, A. Thouin, Pommereulla Wondering why there were so few women scientists them, but also because past and present historians did not in the past, Londa Schiebinger in The Mind Has No Sex? deem them worthy to preserve. Although abstract time is (Schiebinger, 1989) reconfigured the history of science as commonly held responsible for the fortune of the deserving misogynic because scientific institutions excluded women and the disappearance of the obscure, acting like a great from their ranks.
    [Show full text]
  • Scholars at the Royal Society of Sciences of Montpellier (1706–1793)
    Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae - RETE (2021) 1:33–39 33 https://doi.org/10.14428/rete.v1i0/AMontpellier Licence CC BY-SA 4.0 Scholars at the Royal Society of Sciences of Montpellier (1706–1793) David de la Croix IRES/LIDAM, UCLouvain This note is a summary description of the set of scholars who worked at the Royal Society of Sciences of Montpellier from its inception in 1706 to its dissolution in 1793. 1 The Academy The middle of the seventeenth century saw the emergence in Montpellier of a group of citizens interested in the new sciences, inuenced by students of René Descartes (Castelnau 1858). There were informal meetings, where new research was presented. The founders of the Royal Society of Sciences of Montpellier were three astronomers, who acted under the protection of the inuential Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625-1712) from the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris. Next to ordi- nary members, there were some honorary members, chosen from among the top public managers of the region and the city, in order to facilitate the relations with the authorities. By 1793, the strong contributions to sciences made by the academicians over 87 years were not sucient to compensate for its aristocratic way of life and its royal origin: the academy was dissolved by the Convention and its assets – garden, collections, cabinets, library – seized. 2 Sources In his history of the society, Castelnau (1858) lists of its members at several points in time. Other lists are provided in a pdf document by the Académie des Sciences et Lettres de Montpellier (2017) and on the website by the Comité des travaux historiques et scientiques (2019).
    [Show full text]