Bryozoanand crustacean from Fruitland Formation (UpperGretaceous) ol New Mexico by Barry S. Kues,Department of Geology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM Introduction land badlandsin the NE 1/4NE1/4 SEl/+ sec. The bryozoan specimendescribed below The Fruitland Formation of northwest New 3'1,,T. 24 N., R. 13 W (University of New was colleited fromthis localityduring a brief Mexico is a widely exposedcoal-bearing se- Mexico locality BUNM 77-25), 0.8 km (0.5 paleontologicalsurvey (Froehlichand Kues, quenceof predominantly nonmarine deltaic mi) south of the Bisti Trading Post site (now 1977), and exact stratigraphic information is facies,deposited along the westernshoreline abandoned)and about 40 m (132ft) east of not available. It came from a gray shale con- of the Midcontinent epeiric sea as it re- NM-371, San fuan County (Fig. 1). At this taining complete in situ Tereilinashells and gressednortheastward out of New Mexico locality a thin but persistentcoal bed (Coal carbonizedplant matter, probably a few me- nearthe end of Late Cretaceoustime (Fassett D of Hutchinson, 1981)is exposed low on ters below the coal bed. and Hinds, 1971;Hutchinson, 1981).The biota the ridge. This coal is overlain by a dark-gray, Hutchinson (1981)measured a stratigra- of the Fruitland is extremely diverse. It in- organic-richshale that becauseof decrease phic section a short distance south of this cludes 24 species of nonmarine mollusks in organic content becomes lighter in color iocality and placed the coal bed about 30 m (Stanton, 191,6),65 species of vertebrates upsection.This shale,in turn, is overlainby (99 ft) above the baseof the Fruitland and 50 (sharks,rays, bony fish, amphibians,turtles, an extensivechannel sand deposit consisting m (165ft) below the Fruitland-Kirtland con- lizards,snakes, crocodilians, dinosaurs, and of white. moderatelv well indurated quartz- tact. Deposition of the Fruitland occurred mammals;see list in Lucas,1981), and more ose sandstonewith lenses of gray-brown, aboveand lateral to the shoreline sandstones than 80 speciesof plants (combinedtotal for highly indurated, concretionary sandstone of the Pictured Cliffs Sandstone as the "Pic- Fruitland and lower part of Kirtland Shale; locallycontaining low-angle crossbeds (Figs. tured Cliffs Sea" retreated to the northeast Tidwell and others, 1981;Robison and others, 2, 3). At the base of the channel sandstone (Fassettand Hinds, 1971;Flores and Erpen- 1982).Although earlier work on the Fruitland is a transition zone consistingof thin, hori- beck, 1981).The lower part of the Fruitland biota proceeded sporadically, paleontologi- zontallybedded white sandstoneIayers that has been recognizedas consistingof coastal cal investigations have intensified in the past are interbedded with carbonaceouslaminae swamp, estuarine,and delta plain deposits six years. Recentcollecting efforts have been and blocky to pebbly greenish-gray clay- (Fassettand Hinds, 1.971;Hutchinson, 1981). primarily devotedto the areabetween Hunter stones. This transition zone yielded a rich Hutchinson (1981)assigned the lower 20 m and De-Na-Zin washes("Bisti Badlands"area) collectionof vertebratebone fragments,scales, (66 ft) of the Fruitland to an estuarine facies, and south of Split Lip Flats ("FossilForest" and teeth, in addition to Tereilina() and Hartman (1981)noted that brackishen- area) as a result of attempts to survey and shell fragments and the crab claw described vironments extend as much as 36 m (119f0 study exposuresthat may be affectedby coal below. Examinationof surface-collectedand above the base of the Fruitland, with a sig- strip mining in the near future. The purpose screenedvertebrate specimens revealed had- nificant increase in diversity of freshwater of this paper is to record the first occurrence rosaur teeth, turtle shell fragments, croco- mollusks above this level. of Bryozoa and second occurrence of Crus- dilian scutes and teeth, gar scales,amiid Bryozoa taceain the Fruitland and to discuss their (bowfin) teeth, small, rounded teeth tenta- paleoenvironmental implications. tively referred to the pycnodont holostean Thebryozoan colony (Figs. 4, 5) was found In this paper, UNM refers to the University fish Anomaeodus,and ray teeth (Myledaphus attached to a fragment of the posterior area of New Mexico paleontology collections and SP.)' of a ceratopsian skull. The colony is a thin USNM to the U.S. National Museum pa- leontology collections.

Location and stratigraphic setting The described herein were collected from the north side of a low ridge of Fruit-

FIGURE l-Location of bryozoan-crustaceanlo- cality fi) N sEc 31, T. 24 N., R. 13 W., San Juan Countv, New Mexico. Each side of sec. 32 eouals FIGURE 2-View of Fruitland exposuresin area of bryozoan-crustaceanlocality, looking west. Vehicle 1.5kd (1 mi). is parked along NMJ71. X marks level of "Coal D."

August 1983 New MexicoGeology encrustation approximately 75 cm, in areaon east. Alternatively, the bryozoan might have served or identified as such by vertebrate the ledge below the occipital condyle, ex- been a permanent inhabitant of brackish paleontologists.Though bryozoans are cer- tends over the broken edgeof the ledge,and waters during Fruitland deposition. Possi- tainly not common in the Fruitland, addi- coversseveral cracks in the bone. Growth of bly, because most studies of Fruitland pa- tional specimens will probably be found in the zoarium thus occurred after fragmenta- ieontology have concentrated on fhe the brackish-water facies of the formation as tion of the skull and after transpor'iof the vertebrates, bryozoans have not been ob- study of Fruitland faunas proceeds. rF fragments.The bryozoanspecimen was sub- mitted to Dr. Alan Cheetham, Smithsonian Institution, who identified it as Conopeum? sp.,a membraniporoidanascan cheilostome. Cheetham noted (written communication, 1981)that zooecialmorphology is well pre- served and includes distinct gymnocvsts, crenulatecryptocysts, and smali6asesof dis- tal spines.These features and the sizeof the

present on the Fruitland specimen, which consistsmainly of late multilamellar growth. The skull fragment with attachedbiyozoan has been donated to the SmithsonianInsti- tution and bearsthe cataloguenumber USNM 297027. Although most modern cheilostomebry- ozoanslive in water of normal marine salin- ity, somegenera are typically found in brackish water. The Recentspecies Conopeum seurati lives in environmentsless saline than 20Too and can toleratesalinities as low as 7%o(Rv- land, 7970,p. 71).The presenceof Conopeum? sp. in a certainly nonmarine facies of the Fruitland strongly suggests that FIGURE.3-Bryozoan-crustacean locality, showing white channel sandstone eroded into small pinna- :]:t, i"g unde-rlying dark shale. -rich transition zone between sandstone and shale is at highest thin dark band, at shoulder level of figure to left.

bryozoan approached that of a modern Con- opeumspecies, the Fruitland specimen could have settled and grown in estuarine waters of only slight salinity. - To assessmore precisely the position of bryozoans in the estuarine communities of the Fruitland Formation is difficult at pres- ent..Thisis the first report of their presence in the Fruitland, and bryozoans are un- known in the marine sediments of the pic- tured Cliffs Sandstone. Specimens of membraniporoidand pyripoid bryozoans have been observed attiihed to inoceramid and ammonoid shells in the offshore marine deposits of the Lewis Shale in the eastern San Juan Basin (W. A. Cobban, personal c_ommunication,1983). Two explanationsof the bryozoan'spresence in the Fruitland are possible, and additional specimensfrom the Fruitland and equivalent marine units will be needed to determine which is probably the correctone. As the Lewis Shalewas de-

FIGURE 4-Occipital c91dy]e of ceratopsiandinosaur (USNM 297021).Bryozoan colony is below con- environment many kilometers to the north- dyle, around ledge to left of cm scale.

Nao Mexico Geology August 1983 FIGURE S-Close view of part of Conopeum?sp. colonv x 2.

B A

FIGURE 7-Teredinn sp.; A, UNM 69M, ventral view, showing articllated. prirnary valves (top) and long calcareoustube t^hatextends posteriorly from valves; B, UNM 6943, distorted specimen showing thi&ened calcitic area at posterioi end of tube (bottom of specimen). Fragments of this part.of tube were abundant in microvertebrate lag deposits in transition zone. Scaleis same for both specimens.

Fruitland specimen and lack the prominent localities and levels in the Fruitland may pro- rounded teeth. Previously, Armstrong-Zie- vide a reliable basis for indicating brackish gler (1980,p. 30) reported unidentified crab environments and for distinguishing brack- claws from a locality northwest of Bisti, on ish from freshwater facies. the Navajo Reservation. As with cheilostome bryozoans, most modern crabs live in fully marine environ- ments, but some do prefer brackish condi- tions. A few modem specieslive in conditions of very low salinity (Pearseand Gunter, 1952), and groups of a dozen or more shells are and this may have been true of the Fruitland ofterifouird in their vertically oriented life B crab as well. No crabs of this fype have been positions in the Fruitland. Complete shells but have not ptevi- crabcheliped (UNM 6749);A, reported from the Lewis Shale or Pictured ire relatively common FIGURE6-Partial lived inner surface,x 2; B, outer surface,x 2. Cliffs Sandstone,so, until evidence to the ously beenfigured. Teredinaapparently contrary appears,this crab is consideredto neai the edges of stream channels and in be a brackish-water form. It is unlikely, in muds depositedin aqueousenvironments on Crustacea view of the unworn condition of the che- the delta plain lateral to the streams'These A single partial crab claw (UNM 6749)from liped, that the specimen came from a crab bivalves were able to tolerate a wide range the basal microvertebrate-rich layer of the that lived and died along the Pictured Cliffs channel sandstone documents the occur- shorelineand was subsequentlytransported renceof decapodcrustaceans in the Fruitland severalkilometers inland to its final site of Formation. The specimen(Fig. 6) is 24 mm deposition. The only other crab known by- long and appearsto be part of the fixed finger boily fossils from the Upper Cretaceous of of a left cheliped. It is relatively massive, New Mexico is a marine genus Necrocarcinus gently arcuate, and includes five blunt, from the Mancos Shale(Kues, 1980). iounded teeth on the occlusalsurface, the large, easily identifiable invertebrates are Discussion where two back teeth being nearly twice the size of paiticularly useftrl as indicatorsof sites such the anterior teeth. Becausemost Cretaceous The horizon that yielded the bryozoan and iare constituentsof the Fruitland fauna, be crab taxa are distinguished by features of the crab fossils described here is approximately as bryozoans and crustaceans, might 30 m (99 ft) above the base of the Fruitland, found. The discovery of these two inverte- near the middle of the formation in the Bisti brate groups in the Fruitland suggeststhat the Fniitland biota is still incompletelyknown, and it is hoped that attention will be devoted in future studies to collecting and docu- lipeds of some xanthoid brachyurans in its menting these and other uncommon ele- generalproportions and rounded teeth. It is ments of the fauna. definitely not Calliannssa,whose presencein The presenceof Bryozoa in the Fruitland the shoreline marine deposits of the Pictured also hai implications for precisely determin- bry- Cliffs Sandstone is indicated by the occur- ing the agebf the formation. Numerous rence of its burrows (Ophiomorpha;see Ree- oz"oansire known from Campanian and side,1924;Kues and others, 1977;Flores and persisted through at least the first half of Maastrichtian strata in the Gulf Coastregion, Erpenbeck, 1981).The fingers of Callianassa Fruitlanddeposition. Documentation of bty- and many specieshave very short rangezones chelipeds are shorter and sharper than the ozoan and irustacean occurrences at other (Shaw, 1967).This suggeststhat if bryozoan

August 1983 Neu MexicoGeology Review EARrHRESouRcES, ENERGv, AND rHE ENVIRoNMENT,gravel, and light-weight aggregates (for ex- by DouglasG..Bro-okins,^C. E. Merrill Publishing ample, pumice, scoria) are major subjects in Company, Columbus,_Ohio, 1981 (this book,can Chiptei 6; minor sections on alays, cement, be purcha-sedat the University Bookstore, Uni- calcium sulfates, asbestos, and abrasives are 'oe.iity of New Mexico, Albuqu-erque,NM), $7.95 included. This text provides a broad yet concisede- Chapter 7 (Energy), the longest and one scription of our diminishing earth resources of the most interesting chapters in Brookins' and considers the effect on selection of en- book, is filled with pertinent facts and fig- ergy alternatives. Earth resources,enerU, and ures, geochemicaldiscussions, and the pros the enoironmenfis not a detailed all-encom- and cons for many of the energy alternatives passing technical reference, but is an ele- available todav. Maior subsections include mentary text that will provide a scientist, discussions about coal, nuclear energy, pe- student, or layman with the facts and figures troleum, and uranium (mostly on uranium necessaryto evaluateenergy alternatives. deposition in a sedimentary environment, Brookins, a geology professor at the Uni- for example, Grants mineral belt). Brief sec- versity of New Metco, draws heavily on his tior,s on other energy sources, including hydrothermal, geothermal (including the Hot FIGURE8-In situ clusterof posteriorends of sev- geochemical background and work experi- eralTercdinatubes in transitionzone, about natural encein New Mexico.Almost half of the plates Dry Rock program at Los Alamos), ocean srze. (pictures) are taken in New Mexico and cur- and solar energy are included. Most of the sory descriptions of New Mexico mineral latter topics are not discussedat great length specimens identifiable to species are found production, the Albuquerque water system/ becauseBrookins statesthey will not be fea- in the Fruitland, they might aid in solving and Grants mineral belt are included. sible until at least the 21st century. the long-standing problem (Russell, 1975)of. Earth resources,energy, and the enoironment Brookins finishes his book with a chapter the exact age of the formation. is a particularly useful referencefor those of on "Geochemistry and human impact on the ACKNowLEDGUENTs-Ithank Will Gavin, us engaged in any aspect of natural re- environment." In this chapter, subsections who found the bryozoan, and Georgianna sources, impacts on the environment as a cover environmental geochemistry,land use, Kues, who discovered the crab, for their result of mining or urban development, or coal-basedversus nuclear-basedtechnology, careful collecting in the Fruitland. The bry- energydevelopment. The book is alsouseful and chemical wastes. A table of 18 trace ele- ozoanwas discoveredduring a paleontolog- to those who do not have the time to read ments, with their toxicity effects,is included. ical survey of the Bisti area supported by the voluminous iiterature (since 1972),or to Brookins does stress that medical expertise Western Coal Company (now Sunbelt Min- learn all the technical details for these re- needs to be collated with the voluminous ing Company). I am grateful also to Alan Iated, yet diverse, subjects. Brookins pro- trace-elementdata on soils and waters, and Cheetham, Smithsonian Institution, for vides enough geochemical background to that the future type of health and trace- identifying the bryozoan and providing enhancehis discussions,yet avoids most of elementstudies needed are those that mon- commentson the ecologyof modem and an- the political and emotional discussionson itor a mining or urban activity before, as well cient membraniporoid bryozoans. Spencer thesesensitive issues. as during and after, initialization. Lucas. Universitv of New Mexico; William The book is divided into eight chapters. Covering the breadth of material Brookins Cobban,U.S. GeblogicalSurvey; andliriZi- The introductory chapter defines many of hascovered, and yet being coherentwithout dek and Donald Wolberg, New Mexico Bu- the terms used throughout, for example/ overwhelming the reader, is very difficult. reau of Mines and Mineral Resources, possible, probable, proven reserves,MACD, Still, I have few complaints with this book; reviewed the manuscript and offered helpful and others. Chapter 2, Ores, production, and most of these are of a personal nature. For suggestions. mining, containsa brief geochemicaldiscus- example, the section on coal-based versus References sion on why some rocks contain ores that nuclear-based technology (in Chapter 8) can be economically mined and why others would fit better in Chapter 7 (Energy); the Armstrong-Zieglet, J. G , 1980, Amphibia and Reptilia from the Campanianof New Mexico: FieldianaGeology do not. Short sectionson open-pit and sol- small section on milling (in Chapter 4) would (n.s ), no. 4, pp.7-39 ution-pit mining also are included. The fit better in Chapter 2 (Ores, production, and Fassett,J. E., and Hinds, I S , 1977, Geology and {uel chapter on water (Water: The most valuable mining); a brief definition of light water re- resourcesof the Fruitland Formation and Kirtland Shale resource)emphasizes water as our most val- actorand fast breederreactor would be use- of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geoloeical Suruey,Professional Paper 676,76 pp uableworld resourceand shows the need of fuI. A few figures (for example, p. 4) may be Flores,R M., and Erpenbeck,M. F., 1981,Differentiation carefulplanning for effectivefuture use. Sub- difficult for the layman to interpret; however, of delta-front and barrier lithofacies of the Upper Cre- sections include the hydrologic cycle, water the majority of figures are legible and easy taceousPictured Cliffs Sandstone,southwest San Juan water to understand. My major complaint is that Basin,New Mexico: Mountain Geologist, v. 1,8,pp.23- reservoirs,desalination, and uses of 34. in the United States.Chapter 4, entitled Met- many of the plates are poorly reproduced. Froehlich, J. W., and Kues, B 5., 1977, Survev of pa- als, includes descriptionsof the properties, To summarize, the book is well organized leontology and paleontologicalresource assesimeni of uses,major minerals, geologicassociations, and inexpensive; the type is easy to read, WesternCoal and Public ServiceCompanv leasedlands locations and there are few typographical errors (I found near Bisti, New Mexico: ReDort to Wbsteh Coal Com- of major districts, and import-ex- pany, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 89 pp. port facts for the elements Fe, Al, Mg, Ti, only one). I would recommend it for those Hartman, J. H , 7981,, from Upper Cretaceous Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Nb, Mo, Hg, Cr, scientists and students engaged directly or Fruitland and Kirtland formations, western San fuan Sn, W, Be, Ta, V Au, Pt, and Ag. indirectly in the fields of earth resources,en- Basin, New Mexico-Review [abs.]: American Associ- Chapter Nonmetals for agriculture and ergy, environmental concerns,or nuclear de- ation of Peboleum Geologists, Bulletin, v 65, p. 560. 5, Hutchinson, P. J., 1981,Stratigraphy and paleontology of the chemical industrv, is a relatively short velopment. The book is not a "stand-alone" the Bisti Badlandsarea, SanJuan County, New Mexico: chapter that includes discussionson non- comprehensive text on all of the above sub- M.S thesis, University of New Mexico, 219 pp. metals "used for reasonsother than their me- jects,but it does provide the factsand figures Kues, B. S., 1980, A fossil crab from the Mancos Shale tallic properties." Evaporites, potassium, as well as the pros and cons associatedwith (Upper Cretaceous)of New Mexico: Journal of Paleon- tology, v. 54, pp.862-864. nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur (with sec- future energy development. The book is Kues, B. S., Froehlich, J. W., Schiebout,J A., and Lucas, tions on sulfur from salt domes, petroleum, written for an audience with a broad non- S G , Dn, Paleontological suruey, resource assess- and metal-sulfide mining) are major topics; scientific background, and most New Mex- ment, and mitigation plan for the Bisti-Star Lake area, northwestem New Mexico: halite, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and bar- icans will find it enjoyable reading. U.S. Bureau of Land Man- -Stephen agement, Report to Albuquerque Office, 1,525pp. ite are discussedbriefly. Building materials, L Boliaar Los Alamos National Laboratory (continuedon p. 58) which include building stones, sand and Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545

New Mexico Geology August 1983 SrnertcnapHy AND pALEoENVTRoNMENTSor eN Up- CretaceousSystem of westem ; iz Cald- Bryozoanand cluslacedll(continued ftomp. 55) (ed.), The Cretaceous System in the prn CnrrncEous MARTNETo FLUVIALFActEs rRANst- well, W. G. E. of the San Western Interior of North America: Geological Asso- rroN, Srsnne CouNrv, Nrw MExrco, by E Timothy Lucas,S. G., 1981,Dinosaur communities Juan ciation of Canada, SpecialPaper 73, pp 137-767. Wallin, Department of Geology, New Mexico Institute Basin-A casefor lateral variations in the composition in Lucas, S Ryland, S Bryozoans: London, Hutchinson & of Mining and Technology,Socorro, NM of Late Cretaceousdinosaur communities; J ,1970, G., Rigby, and Kues, B. S. (eds.),Advances Co.,175pp. field south-centralNew Mexico con- J.K., Jr., The Engle coal of in San Basin paleontology: University of New Shaw, N. G., 7967, Cheilostomata from Gulfian (Upper ft interbedded Upper Cre- Juan tains approximately 3,000 of Mexico Press,Albuquerque, New Mexico, pp 337-393. Cretaceous)rocks of southwestern Arkansas: Journal taceous pebble conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, Pearse,A. S , and Gunter, G , 1957, Salinity; in Hedgpeth, of Paleontology,v. 47, pp.7,393-7,432 mudrocks, and coals Theseterrigenous clasticsrepresent W. (ed Treatise on marine ecology and paleoecol- Stanton, T. W., 191,6,Contributions to the geology and during the J ), a marine to fluvial faciestransition deposited ogy: Geological Society of America, Memor 67, v 1, paleontologyof Sanfuan County, New Mexico, 3. Non- regression of widespread late Turonian-early Coniacian pp 129-158 marine Cretaceousinvertebrates of the San Juan Basin: Rio Tongue the Westem Interior seaway The Salado of Reeside, 1924,Upper Cretaceousand Tertiary U.S Geological Survey, ProfessionalPaper 98-R, pp the Mancos Shale is overlain by the tripartite Tres Her- J.8., Jr., formations of the western part of the San Juan Basin 309-326 rep- manos Formation. The Ataroue SandstoneMember of Colorado and New Mexico: U S GeologicalSuruey, Tidwell, W. D , Ash, S. R., and Parker, L. R , 1981,Cre- veiy resentsdeposition of a distributary mouth bar in a ProfessionalPaper 134,70 pp taceous and Tertiary floras of the San Juan Basin; in shallowepeiric sea Depositionof-the Atarque providei Robison,C. R , Hunt, A., and Wolberg,D L , 1982,New Lucas,S G, Rigby,J.K., lt., and Kues, B S. (eds.), thin and a near sealevel platform upon which channel Late Cretaceousleaf locality from lower Kirtland Shale Advances in San Juan Basin paleontology: University crevasse-splavsandstones and carbonaceousmudrocks member, Bisti area, San Juan Basin, New Mefco: New of New Mexico Press,Albuquerque, New Mexico, pp. were depoiited Transgressionof the seawayacross these Mexico Geology, v 4, pp 42-45. JV/-JJZ. marginal marine and fluvial deposits is recorded by the Russell,L S , 7975,Mammalian faunal successionin the Fite Ranch SandstoneMember, which consists of a thin transgressivelag deposit, and a thicker, regressivecoastal banier sandstone. The D-Cross Tongue of the Mancos Shalerepresents open marine conditions and contains three unnamed tongues of the Gallup Sandstonedepos- ited during several minor progradational episodes. The 1982bibliogtaphy released overlying MesaverdeGroup consistsof nearshoremarine The New Mexico Bureau of Mines and biblioeraphv. Both contain additional cita- and continental deDosits Well-developed shorefaceand in ear- beachdeposits of the Gallup Sandstoneoverlie the D- Mineral Resourceshas issued a secondbib- tions ior papersand rePortsreleased CrossTongue of the Mancos Shale The CrevasseCanyon liographicpublication in cooperationwith !he- Formation consists of a lower coal-bearing member, a Arierican'Geological Institute and GeoRef middle barren member, and the Ash Canyon Member and indexof Marginal marine and continental depositsof the Crevasse Information System, Bibliography Canyon represent lagoonal, washover fan, coal swamp, New Mexicogeology. This edition, containing and fluvial environments Fluvial subenvironments are approximately1,000 references and crossref- representedby channel thalweg, point bar, natural levee, eiences, represents published and unPub- crevasse-splay,swamp, and overbank deposits lishedmaterial that was addedto the GeoRef cess to the most current literafure on New Grolocv oF coppER occuRRENcE AT CoppER HILL, databasein 1982.The componentsof this an- Mexico seolosv. The New Mexico Bureau of Prcup.rs MouNrAINs, NEw MEXrco, by Michael L nual bibliography are: serials list, citations Mines aid Mii-reral Resourceswill continue Williams,Department of Geology, University of New sub- to issue an annual bibliography as a suPPle- Mexico, Albuquerque, NM by senior authbr with cross references, in- ment to its other bibliographic literature. Users Copper Hill, in the Picuris Mountains of northern New ject index, county index, and rock-unit Mexico, is the expressionof a wesFplunging anticline of dex. of this volume and our other bibliograPhies Ortega Quartzite The Ortega Quartziie at Copper Hill Collecting and formating the references are encouragedto contact the Bureau editing has been divided into three stratigraphic units: massive contained in this volume were done entirely staff when effors or omissions are discovered quartzite (Og1), kyanite quartzite (Og), and andalusite System' and to comment critically on scoPeand for- quartzite (Og3) During structural defomation, the lower by the staff of GeoRef Information two quartzite units behaved brittlely, while Og3 and the Many publications releasedin 1982are in- mat. We anticiPate that annual coverage of overlying Rinconada schists behaved ductilely These cluded; however, nearly r/3of the paperscited the literature will become increasingly more ductile units formed an impermeable caD to a series of were releasedin 198i. Conseqireirtly,this comprehensivewith eachsuccessive edition. N lff east-trendingquartz ve'insthat cut the lower quatzite the pre- This 1982edition of Bibliographyand index units Oxidized copper minerals with silver, arsenic,and volume is a valuable suPPlement to antimony occur in Og1and Og2quartzite and in the quartz vious edition, Bibliographyand inilex of New of New Mexico seologvsells for $6.50 and is veins on Copper Hill The deposit, of probable Precam- Mexicogeology for 1981,the first bibliography available from ihe Fubtcations Office, New brian age, has been subiected to considerablemetamor- to be produced by GeoReffor the New Mex- Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Re- phism, deformation, and oxidation Although a genetic sources,Socorro, New Mexico 87801. model involving original strata-bound copper ninerali- ico Bureauof Mines and Mineral Resources. zation must be consideredfor the deposit, most evidence Neither volume is a comprehensive annual -lane Caloert lnte supports an origin involving epigenetic,although pre- or synmetamorphic, emplacement of copper minerals from a sourceat depth

Noi PrclI 0Banralon US POSTAGE PAID SOCORRONiW MTXICO PIRMITNO 9