Automatic Malware Signature Generation
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Software Analysis for Security
Software Analysis for Security Spiros Mancoridis Department of Computer Science College of Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia, PA 19147, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract ware architecture to assure the system’s security. The qual- ity of a security architecture, however, also depends on the This is a survey of the processes, practices, and technolo- security of the applications that constitute the system. In gies that can help software maintenance engineers improve low security operating environments, such as most commer- the security of software systems. A particular emphasis is cial operating systems, it is assumed, albeit optimistically, placed on validating security architectures, verifying that that these applications are trustworthy. Therefore, it is im- the implementation of an architecture’s constituent appli- portant to articulate the practices to support the secure cod- cations adhere to secure coding practices, and protecting ing of applications and the tools for detecting malware. Se- software systems against malicious software. In addition to cure coding involves programming practices and run-time surveying the state-of-the-art, research challenges pertain- mechanisms that can be used to limit the vulnerabilityof ap- ing to software security are posed to the software mainte- plications to dangerous malware that exploit, for example, nance research community. buffer overflows, format string vulnerabilities, and integer vulnerabilities to attack computer systems. One approach to software security is to verify that (a) the security mechanisms used are trustworthy; (b) the security 1. Introduction architecture has been validated against the security policy; and (c) the software applications that constitute the system The goal of computer security is to protect computer as- are trustworthy (e.g., they have been developed using secure sets (e.g., servers, applications, web pages, data) from cor- coding practices, or they are not malware). -
Computer Viruses and Malware Advances in Information Security
Computer Viruses and Malware Advances in Information Security Sushil Jajodia Consulting Editor Center for Secure Information Systems George Mason University Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 email: [email protected] The goals of the Springer International Series on ADVANCES IN INFORMATION SECURITY are, one, to establish the state of the art of, and set the course for future research in information security and, two, to serve as a central reference source for advanced and timely topics in information security research and development. The scope of this series includes all aspects of computer and network security and related areas such as fault tolerance and software assurance. ADVANCES IN INFORMATION SECURITY aims to publish thorough and cohesive overviews of specific topics in information security, as well as works that are larger in scope or that contain more detailed background information than can be accommodated in shorter survey articles. The series also serves as a forum for topics that may not have reached a level of maturity to warrant a comprehensive textbook treatment. Researchers, as well as developers, are encouraged to contact Professor Sushil Jajodia with ideas for books under this series. Additional tities in the series: HOP INTEGRITY IN THE INTERNET by Chin-Tser Huang and Mohamed G. Gouda; ISBN-10: 0-387-22426-3 PRIVACY PRESERVING DATA MINING by Jaideep Vaidya, Chris Clifton and Michael Zhu; ISBN-10: 0-387- 25886-8 BIOMETRIC USER AUTHENTICATION FOR IT SECURITY: From Fundamentals to Handwriting by Claus Vielhauer; ISBN-10: 0-387-26194-X IMPACTS AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR INTERNET SECURITY.'Enabled Information Small-Medium Enterprises (TEISMES) by Charles A. -
What Are Kernel-Mode Rootkits?
www.it-ebooks.info Hacking Exposed™ Malware & Rootkits Reviews “Accessible but not dumbed-down, this latest addition to the Hacking Exposed series is a stellar example of why this series remains one of the best-selling security franchises out there. System administrators and Average Joe computer users alike need to come to grips with the sophistication and stealth of modern malware, and this book calmly and clearly explains the threat.” —Brian Krebs, Reporter for The Washington Post and author of the Security Fix Blog “A harrowing guide to where the bad guys hide, and how you can find them.” —Dan Kaminsky, Director of Penetration Testing, IOActive, Inc. “The authors tackle malware, a deep and diverse issue in computer security, with common terms and relevant examples. Malware is a cold deadly tool in hacking; the authors address it openly, showing its capabilities with direct technical insight. The result is a good read that moves quickly, filling in the gaps even for the knowledgeable reader.” —Christopher Jordan, VP, Threat Intelligence, McAfee; Principal Investigator to DHS Botnet Research “Remember the end-of-semester review sessions where the instructor would go over everything from the whole term in just enough detail so you would understand all the key points, but also leave you with enough references to dig deeper where you wanted? Hacking Exposed Malware & Rootkits resembles this! A top-notch reference for novices and security professionals alike, this book provides just enough detail to explain the topics being presented, but not too much to dissuade those new to security.” —LTC Ron Dodge, U.S. -
Quantifying Complexity and Code Reuse in Malware Development Alejandro Calleja, Juan Tapiador, and Juan Caballero
1 The MalSource Dataset: Quantifying Complexity and Code Reuse in Malware Development Alejandro Calleja, Juan Tapiador, and Juan Caballero Abstract—During the last decades, the problem of malicious platforms as soon as these acquired a substantial user base, and unwanted software (malware) has surged in numbers and such as the recent case of smartphones [7]. sophistication. Malware plays a key role in most of today’s cyber attacks and has consolidated as a commodity in the underground The surge in number, sophistication, and repercussion of economy. In this work, we analyze the evolution of malware malware attacks has gone hand in hand with much research, from 1975 to date from a software engineering perspective. We both industrial and academic, on defense and analysis tech- analyze the source code of 456 samples from 428 unique families niques. The majority of such investigations have focused on and obtain measures of their size, code quality, and estimates of the development costs (effort, time, and number of people). Our binary analysis, since most malware samples distribute in results suggest an exponential increment of nearly one order of this form. Only very rarely researchers have access to the magnitude per decade in aspects such as size and estimated effort, source code and can report insights gained from its inspection. with code quality metrics similar to those of benign software. (Notable exceptions include the analysis of the source code of We also study the extent to which code reuse is present in our 4 IRC bots by Barford and Yegneswaran [8] and the work of dataset. -
Université Batna 2 – Mostefa Ben Boulaïd Thèse Doctorat En
République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Université Batna 2 – Mostefa Ben Boulaïd Faculté de Technologie Département de Génie Industriel Thèse Préparée au sein du laboratoire d’Automatique & Productique Présentée pour l’obtention du diplôme de : Doctorat en Sciences en Génie Industriel Option : Génie Industriel Sous le Thème : An Optimized Approach to Software Security via Malware Analysis Présentée par : OURLIS Lazhar Devant le jury composé de : M. ABDELHAMID Samir MCA Université de Batna 2 Président M. BELLALA Djamel MCA Université de Batna 2 Rapporteur Mme. BOUAME Souhila MCA Université de Batna 2 Examinateur M.DJEFFAL Abdelhamid MCA Université de Biskra Examinateur M.KAHLOUL Laid Prof Université de Biskra Examinateur M. BENMOHAMMED Mohamed Prof Université de Constantine 2 Examinateur Novembre 2020 To my parents and family Contents List of Figures. .I List of Tables. .II Program Listings. III Abbreviations. IV Publications. .V Acknowledgements. .VI Abstract. VII Chapter 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Motivation for the research ............................................................................................ 3 1.2 Thesis scope .................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Thesis outline ................................................................................................................. -
A Politics of Cybersecurity
Malware Ecologies: A Politics of Cybersecurity Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Andrew Carl Dwyer Mansfield College University of Oxford Trinity 2019 Abstract Computation, in popular imaginations, is at perennial risk of infection from the tools of nefarious hackers, commonly referred to as malware. Today, malware pervade and perform a crucial and constitutive role in the insecurities of contemporary life from financial transactions, to ‘critical national infrastructures’ – such as electricity, water, and transportation – to devices in our ‘smart’ homes and cities, and even to potential ‘cyberwar.’ Yet, critical security research has rarely turned its attention to malware. In contrast, I explore malware and their politics, situated and extended beyond, an (auto)ethnographic study of the malware analysis laboratory of the UK endpoint protection business, Sophos. I argue that malware are currently processed through a patho-logic that conflate organic and non-organic materialities, permitting analogies between biology and computation, and are generative of particular forms of security that relegate malware to the intent of their authors. I explore how endpoint protection businesses are imbibed with these logics in order to attend to how malware are analysed, detected, and curated beyond them. By drawing on my method of ‘becoming-analyst,’ I critically reflect on how malware become known, are responded to by ad hoc political groups, and can assist in rethinking the role of computational agency in geography, international relations, security studies, and beyond. I instead conceive of malware as performative political actors making limited choices in broader computational ecologies. I therefore advocate for an eco-logical repositioning of malware, where cyberspace is not simply a neutral domain; but is central to the formation of choice that gives space for malware to be political. -
E©RIME ®EVOLUTION
e©RIME ®EVOLUTION Dani Creus | @them0ux Marc Rivero | @seifreed Security Researcher Senior eCrime Global Research & Analysis Team IT Ers Kaspersky Lab Deloitte | CyberSOC CONTEXTO ‣ MOTIVACIONES ‣ OFF-LINE/ONLINE ‣ ACTORES Y VÍCTIMAS ‣ TÉCNICAS, TÁCTICAS y PROCEDIMIENTOS ‣ MALWARE !! ‣ COMUNIDADES Epoca Romántica (198X-2000) ‣ CONOCIMIENTO, SUPERACIÓN ‣ INDIVIDUALISTAS, GRUPOS REDUCIDOS ‣ OBJETIVOS (EXCEPCIONES) ‣ COMUNIDADES 1.0 (BBS, IRC) ‣ OFF-LINE / ONLINE NUMB3RS ‣ ;1234567891234567=152024041234567891234? The only limit is your imagination! Originals designs can be designed from any country worldwide, and in any language of your choice... from Scuba instructor, Warranty, Security, Massage Therapist, Auto Mechanic Instructor, Business License, Award, Real Estate, Degree and Diploma Certificates. Various Degrees, Ordained Minister, Royalty Titles, Kung Fu Master, Club Member, Library, Scuba Diver, International Driver, Frequent Flyer, Novelty Id Cards, Fake Driver License, Driver Permits, Security Social Card, New Identity, Membership cards, CIA, DEA, FBI, Private Detective, Bondsman, Bounty Hunter, Casino, Press, Access Cards and much more...or virtually any kind of product you desire. MALWARE (198X - 2000) CARACTER “EXPERIMENTAL” AUTO-REPRODUCCIÓN 1995 : CONCEPT (M) POLIMORFISMO 1998 : CIH, NETBUS (R) MACRO VIRUSES 1999 : HAPPY99, MELISSA, RATS SUB7,BACKORIFFICE (R) 2000 : ILOVEYOU (VBS) FIRMAS ESTÁTICAS AVP: (GUI / SOFTWARE + DB) NUEVOS FORMATOS/SISTEMAS ANTIVIRUS DIALERS ‣ MODIFICAN CONEXIÓN TELEFÓNICA 806 ‣ TARIFICACIÓN PREMIUM/INTERNACIONAL -
Detecting Worms Via Mining Dynamic Program Execution
Detecting Worms via Mining Dynamic Program Execution Xun Wang, Wei Yu, Adam Champion, Xinwen Fu and Dong Xuan Abstract— Worm attacks have been major security threats to ing, collecting, and analyzing the scan traffic (messages to the Internet. Detecting worms, especially new, unseen worms, identify vulnerable computers) generated by worm attacks. is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a new Many detection schemes fall into this category [4]–[7]. Never- worm detection approach based on mining dynamic program executions. This approach captures dynamic program behavior theless, because of their reliance on scan traffic, these schemes to provide accurate and efficient detection against both seen and are not very effective in detecting worms that spread via unseen worms. In particular, we execute a large number of real- email systems, instant messenger (IM) or peer-to-peer (P2P) world worms and benign programs (executables), and trace their applications. system calls. We apply two classifier-learning algorithms (Naive On the other hand, host-based detection systems detect Bayes and Support Vector Machine) to obtain classifiers from a large number of features extracted from the system call traces. worms by monitoring, collecting, and analyzing worm be- The learned classifiers are further used to carry out rapid worm haviors on end-hosts. Since worms are malicious programs detection with low overhead on the end-host. Our experimental that execute on these machines, analyzing the behavior of results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach to worm executables1 plays an important role in host-based detect new worms in terms of a very high detection rate and a detection systems. -
CONTENTS in THIS ISSUE Fighting Malware and Spam
DECEMBER 2007 Fighting malware and spam CONTENTS IN THIS ISSUE 2 COMMENT MULTI-PLATFORM A year of threats across several technologies The author of MSIL/Yakizake claimed that ‘very few implementations of multi-platform malware 3 VIRUS PREVALENCE TABLE exist up until now’. Peter Ferrie explains why Yakizake, for one, does not qualify for the category. page 5 4 NEWS Yuletide greetings MULTIMEDIA Vista fails to reassure web users Today’s Internet users are accustomed to seeing and Botnets roasting on an open fire downloading interactive multimedia content on websites. Unfortunately such content can include 4 CALL FOR PAPERS more than one might expect. Christoph Alme and Dennis Elser present a round-up of recent VB2008 Ottawa multimedia vulnerabilities. page 13 5 ANALYSIS Something smells fishy MULTIPLE PROBLEMS Fewer than half the products submitted FEATURES for this month’s VB100 comparative Dec 2007 review on Windows 2000 made the 6 Exploring the evolutionary patterns of grade, largely thanks to some pesky Tibs-packed executables polymorphic file-infecting viruses and a 10 Exepacker blacklisting part 2 rash of false positives. John Hawes has the details. 13 Blow up your video page 16 16 COMPARATIVE REVIEW Windows 2000 Professional 30 END NOTES & NEWS This month: Reza Rajabiun considers the implications of spam for developing countries and the persistence of the digital divide. ISSN 1749-7027 COMMENT ‘The main trend I time, emails containing links to the Storm worm took on many different forms, with subjects ranging from have observed this supposed missile strikes to reports of genocide and other year has been the socially engineered trapdoors. -
Statistical Tools for Linking Engine-Generated Malware to Its Engine
Columbus State University CSU ePress Theses and Dissertations Student Publications 12-2009 Statistical Tools for Linking Engine-Generated Malware to Its Engine Edna Chelangat Milgo Columbus State University Follow this and additional works at: https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/theses_dissertations Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Milgo, Edna Chelangat, "Statistical Tools for Linking Engine-Generated Malware to Its Engine" (2009). Theses and Dissertations. 83. https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/theses_dissertations/83 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications at CSU ePress. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CSU ePress. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://archive.org/details/statisticaltoolsOOmilg Columbus State University The College of Business and Computer Science The Graduate Program in Applied Computer Science Statistical Tools for Linking Engine-generated Malware to its Engine A Thesis in Applied Computer Science by Edna Chelangat Milgo Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science December 2009 )2009 by Edna Chelangat Milgo I have submitted this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Date Edna Chelangat Milgo We approve the thesis of Edna Chelangat Milgo as presented here. Qg^Ja f2tial Date Mohamed R. Chouchane Assistant Professor of Computer Science, -
Virus Bulletin, July 2002
ISSN 0956-9979 13666614 JULY 2002 THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION ON COMPUTER VIRUS PREVENTION, RECOGNITION AND REMOVAL Editor: Helen Martin CONTENTS Technical Consultant: Matt Ham Technical Editor: Jakub Kaminski COMMENT Playing with Fire: Security on the Game 2 Consulting Editors: VIRUS PREVALENCE TABLE 3 Nick FitzGerald, Independent consultant, NZ Ian Whalley, IBM Research, USA NEWS Richard Ford, Independent consultant, USA 1. Quarter-byte Squaw … 3 Edward Wilding, Data Genetics, UK 2. Crying Wolf Revisited 3 3. VB goes to the Polls 3 LETTERS 4 IN THIS ISSUE: VIRUS ANALYSES • Mission invisible: Stealth techniques may be old news in 1. Polymorphism comes to Unix 7 the virus arena, but what is new is the use of stealth on 2. Raised Hacklez 8 Windows 9x. Péter Ször traces the tracks of W95/Sma. 3. Stealth Survival 12 See p.12. CONFERENCE REPORT • Child’s play: Having scaled the virus prevalence tables with a hop, skip and a jump, Klez demonstrates that the It’s Not Just About combination of an old exploit with a little social engineer- Viruses Any More: EICAR 2002 14 ing can still wreak havoc. Peter Ferrie investigates Klez, the OPINIONS new social disease. See p.8. 1. Defence of the Realm 15 • The time is nigh … Andrew Lee explains why an effec- 2. Memetic Mass Mailers: tive hoax may be as damaging as a mass-mailed fast- Time to Classify Hoaxes as Malware? 16 burning virus and questions whether we should begin to classify hoaxes as malware. See p.16. PRODUCT REVIEW HAURI ViRobot Expert 4.0 18 ADDENDUM Windows XP Professional Comparative Review 23 END NOTES AND NEWS 24 VIRUS BULLETIN ©2002 Virus Bulletin Ltd, The Pentagon, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 3YP, England. -
ON COUNTERMEASURES of WORM ATTACKS OVER the INTERNET a Dissertation by WEI YU Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies Of
ON COUNTERMEASURES OF WORM ATTACKS OVER THE INTERNET A Dissertation by WEI YU Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2008 Major Subject: Computer Engineering ON COUNTERMEASURES OF WORM ATTACKS OVER THE INTERNET A Dissertation by WEI YU Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Co-Chairs of Committee: Wei Zhao Riccardo Bettati Committee Members: Narasimha Reddy Jennifer Welch Head of Department: Valerie E. Taylor May 2008 Major Subject: Computer Engineering iii ABSTRACT On Countermeasures of Worm Attacks over the Internet. (May 2008) Wei Yu, B.S., Nanjing University of Technology; M.S., Tongji University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Wei Zhao Dr. Riccardo Bettati Worm attacks have always been considered dangerous threats to the Internet since they can infect a large number of computers and consequently cause large-scale service disruptions and damage. Thus, research on modeling worm attacks, and defenses against them, have become vital to the field of computer and network security. This dissertation intends to systematically study two classes of countermeasures against worm attacks, known as traffic-based countermeasure and non-traffic based countermeasure. Traffic-based countermeasures are those whose means are limited to monitoring, collecting, and analyzing the traffic generated by worm attacks. Non-traffic based countermeasures do not have such limitations. For the traffic-based countermeasures, we first consider the worm attack that adopts feedback loop-control mechanisms which make its overall propagation traffic behavior similar to background non-worm traffic and circumvent the detection.