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Antisemitism and the History of Myasthenia Gravis Stanley Freedman Phd MB FRCP*
IMAJ • VOL 12 • AprIL 2010 FOCUS Antisemitism and the History of Myasthenia Gravis Stanley Freedman PhD MB FRCP* the Hôpital de la Salpêtrière in Paris – leading neurologi- KEY WORDS: myasthenia gravis, antisemitism, neuromuscular cal institutions of the day [6]. On his return to Warsaw he transmission, history of medicine, acetylcholine took up his previous post in Lambl’s clinic, but it became IMAJ 2010; 12: 195–198 apparent that "Because of special conditions in this country at that time, he had not his own service, and therefore treated only out-patients or consulted patients in the wards of his colleagues" [Hausmanova I. Personal communication, 1993]. For Editorial see page 229 The "special" circumstances were that he was a Jew. Historian he recognition, naming and elucidation of the neuromus- Raphael Mahler [7] wrote: cular disease myasthenia gravis is bound up with and T Discrimination against Jewish physicians passed affected by antisemitism. There is consensus that the first through two stages, concomitant with the growth of published case report, now recognizable as MG, was written anti-semitism in Poland. Prior to 1935, Jewish physi- by Thomas Willis in 1672 [1], although this was only realized cians suffered the following disabilities. In university after Guthrie drew attention to it in 1903 [2]. Interestingly, clinics and municipal hospitals it was difficult for a Jew the late Prof. John Newsom Davis maintained that the first to obtain a position as ordinarius, or even as assistant reported patient was the biblical figure Samson, who exhib- […] Discrimination was especially rife in university ited varying muscle strength and alopecia that could have professorships. -
Clinic in Late Nineteenth-Century Vienna
Medical History, 1989, 33: 149-183. WOMEN AND JEWS IN A PRIVATE NERVOUS CLINIC IN LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY VIENNA by EDWARD SHORTER * On 29 October 1889, Mathilde S., an unmarried artist of twenty-seven, was admitted to Wilhelm Svetlin's private nervous clinic in Vienna. A young Jewish woman, she had always been "very impressionable" and had a history ofheadaches. In 1886 she had become engaged to a man of "weak character", and even though the relationship had ostensibly remained platonic, she found herself in a highly excitable sexual state. Six months after the engagement began, however, she fell into something of a depression, "with hysterical facial changes". As a result of this her fiance abandoned the engagement. Three months later she learned that he had become engaged to someone else. She thereupon flipped into maniacal excitement, began planning a "brilliant career" and engaged in "risky business contracts", rejecting the advice of relatives. Whatever later generations of women might say about this behaviour, it was considered at the time evidence of "mania", and it was for the mania that her father placed her in Svetlin's clinic.' The admitting physician was listed as "Herr Dr. Freud". Mathilde is a previously unknown case ofFreud's, and it is ofinterest that, in the words ofthe clinic's staff, "she had made a whole cult out of worshipping her doctor, who had treated her with hypnosis during her depressed phase." In admitting Mathilde S. for "mania gravis" to *Edward Shorter, Ph.D., Department ofHistory, University ofToronto, Toronto, Ont. M5S IA1, Canada. For their criticisms of an earlier draft I should like to thank Prof. -
Trigeminal Neuralgia and Multiple Sclerosis: a Historical Perspective
HISTORICAL REVIEW COPYRIGHT © 2017 THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES INC. Trigeminal Neuralgia and Multiple Sclerosis: A Historical Perspective David B. Burkholder, Peter J. Koehler, Christopher J. Boes ABSTRACT: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) was first described in Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten für Ärzte und Studirende in 1894 by Hermann Oppenheim, including a pathologic description of trigeminal root entry zone demyelination. Early English-language translations in 1900 and 1904 did not so explicitly state this association compared with the German editions. The 1911 English-language translation described a more direct association. Other later descriptions were clinical with few pathologic reports, often referencing Oppenheim but citing the 1905 German or 1911 English editions of Lehrbuch. This discrepancy in part may be due to the translation differences of the original text. RÉSUMÉ: Perspective historique sur la névralgie du trijumeau et la sclérose en plaques. La névralgie du trijumeau (NT) associée à la sclérose en plaques (SP) a été décrite pour la première fois dans Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten für Arzte und Studirende par Hermann Oppenheim en 1894, incluant une description anatomopathologique de la démyélinisation de la zone d’entrée dans la moelle épinière de la racine du trijumeau. Contrairement aux éditions allemandes, les premières traductions en anglais effectuées en 1900 et 1904 ne précisaient pas cette association. La traduction anglaise de 1911 décrivait une association plus directe. Les descriptions postérieures étaient des exposés cliniques contenant peu de rapports anatomopathologiques, se référant souvent à Oppenheim mais citant les éditions de Lehrbuch en allemand de 1905 ou en anglais de 1911. Cette disparité peut être en partie due à des différences dans la traduction du texte original. -
Edward Flatau (1868–1932) — World-Leading Pioneer of Neurology and Neurosurgery
COMMENTARY Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska Polish Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery 2020, Volume 54 DOI: 10.5603/PJNNS.a2020.0016 Copyright © 2020 Polish Neurological Society ISSN 0028–3843 Edward Flatau (1868–1932) — world-leading pioneer of neurology and neurosurgery Seweryna Konieczna1,2, Dariusz Koziorowski3 1Department of History & Philosophy of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland 2Department of Developmental Neurology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland 3Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ABSTRACT Polish neurology and neurosurgery owe a very great deal to Edward Flatau. He was a pioneer of these disciplines in Poland whose influence extends worldwide, and we recently celebrated the 150th anniversary of his birth. Edward Flatau’s grandson, an outstanding physicist who has been living in San Diego in the USA for many years, has published a book ‘Edward Flatau and his comet: beginnings of Polish neurology’. Its promotion took place in the Flatau hometown of Płock in Poland. In 1894, Edward Flatau published his notable work: ‘Atlas of the human brain and the trajectory of fibres’, the result of ardu- ous work on brain sections and images that were captured with an especially designed camera. These photographs caused a publishing sensation at the end of the 19th century. The atlas was published in German and almost immediately translated into Polish, Russian, French and English. The most distinguished work of Edward Flatau was his great 1912 study of migraine headaches entitled ‘Migraine’, which has still not become out-of-date and is regularly quoted in international literature today. -
Entgrenzungen Des Wahnsinns Psychopathie Und Psychopathologisierungen Um 1900 Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs
Entgrenzungen des Wahnsinns Psychopathie und Psychopathologisierungen um 1900 Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching Kolloquien 93 Entgrenzungen des Wahnsinns Psychopathie und Psychopathologisierungen um 1900 Herausgegeben von Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach Schriften des Historischen Kollegs herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching in Verbindung mit Georg Brun, Peter Funke, Karl-Heinz Hoffmann, Hartmut Leppin, Susanne Lepsius, Helmut Neuhaus, Frank Rexroth, Martin Schulze Wessel, Willibald Steinmetz und Gerrit Walther Das Historische Kolleg fördert im Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissenschaften Gelehrte, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben. Es vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und bis zu drei Förderstipendien sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Historischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leis- tungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kollegjahres die Möglich- keit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzuschließen. Professor Dr. Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach (Hamburg) war – zusammen mit Professor Dr. Stefan Rebenich (Bern/ Schweiz), Dr. Simone Derix (München) und Dr. Jörg Neuheiser (Tübingen) – Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 2013/2014. Den Obliegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kolloquium zum Thema „Entgren- zungen des Wahnsinns – Psychopathie -
Władysław Sterling (1877–1943)
Journal of Neurology (2019) 266:1049–1050 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-018-8944-2 PIONEERS IN NEUROLOGY Władysław Sterling (1877–1943) Katarzyna Pekacka‑Falkowska1 · Anna Maria Pekacka2 Received: 3 June 2018 / Revised: 12 June 2018 / Accepted: 14 June 2018 / Published online: 20 June 2018 © The Author(s) 2018 Władysław Sterling (Fig. 1) was born on January 14, 1877, one of his closest associates. In 1932, after Flatau’s death, in Warsaw in Congress Poland (an official part of the Rus- Sterling took up his post and headed the Department with sian Empire from 1867 to 1918). His parents and relatives great enthusiasm and sacrifice until World War II broke out. were assimilated Jews, primarily artists, scholars, and phy- In 1933, he defended his habilitation thesis at the University sicians. It is no wonder that from his youth Sterling had a of Warsaw and was granted an exclusive right to lecture in strong interest in both arts and medical science. He authored neurology. Just 1 year later, he obtained veniam legendi in numerous essays, critiques, and poems, and more than 200 psychopathology and special needs education. During this scientific papers in Polish, German, and French, including time, he also conducted experimental and clinical research three previously undescribed neurological conditions. The in addition to his work as a practicing physician and an aca- best-known neurological eponyms associated with this dis- demic teacher. tinguished Polish–Jewish medical figure being Flatau–Ster- Sterling was also involved in numerous scientific soci- ling syndrome and Sterling reflex. eties and associations, for instance, the Polish Psychiatric After completing his secondary education in his native Association (1920) and the Polish Psychological Association city, Sterling studied medicine at the Imperial University of (1907). -
Hermann Oppenheim, a Pioneer of Modern German Neurology
Rev Bras Neurol. 55(2):36-40, 2019 HISTORICAL NOTE Hermann Oppenheim, a pioneer of modern German neurology. Hermann Oppenheim, um pioneiro da moderna neurologia alemã. M. da Mota Gomes1 ABSTRACT RESUMO Hermann Oppenheim (1858-1919) was a leading figure of the mo- Hermann Oppenheim (1858-1919) foi uma figura importante da mo- dern German neurology. In spite of the antisemitic official policy, be- derna neurologia alemã. Apesar da política oficial anti-semita, além sides his complex personality, he had achieved widespread recogni- de sua personalidade complexa, ele alcançou amplo reconhecimento tion of his professional qualification that attracted neurologists from de sua qualificação profissional que atraiu neurologistas de todo o all around the world to his private clinic. However, he did not held mundo para sua clínica particular. No entanto, ele não ocupou po- prominent positions at University milieu, in spite of being the main sições de destaque no meio universitário, apesar de ser o principal assistant to Karl Westphal (1833–1890) at the Charité-Hospital, in Ber- assistente de Karl Westphal (1833-1890) no Charité-Hospital, em Ber- lin. Oppenheim was the author of an encyclopedic book of neurology lim. Oppenheim foi o autor de um livro enciclopédico de neurologia titled “Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten für Ärzte und Studierende” intitulado “Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten für Ärzte und Studieren- (“Textbook of Nervous Diseases for Doctors and Students”), first ed., de” (“Livro Didático de Doenças Nervosas para Médicos e Alunos”), 1894. He also published significant works on several disorders, inclu- editado em 1894. Ele também publicou trabalhos significativos sobre ding "traumatic neurosis" (1889) that was criticized by Jean-Martin vários distúrbios, incluindo "neurose traumática" ( 1889) que foi criti- Charcot (1825–1893), among others. -
Von Economo, Constantin
12/15/12 Ev ernote Web von Economo, Constantin Saturday, December 15 2012, 10:59 AM Constantin von Economo (1876-1931) Citation: Triarhou, LC (2007) History of Neuroscience: Constantin von Economo (1876-1931), IBRO History of Neuroscience [http://www.ibro.info/Pub/Pub_Main_Display.asp?LC_Docs_ID=2767] Accessed: date Lazaros C. Triarhou The following article is based on the biographical note of Constantin von Economo published by the author in Appendix I of the first English edition of the Economo and Koskinas Atlas of Cytoarchitectonics of the Adult Human Cerebral Cortex, Karger, Basel (2008), as well as the papers on the life and work of Economo and Koskinas published in Brain Research Bulletin (Triarhou 2005, 2006b, 2006c), Journal of Neurology (Triarhou 2006a, 2007c), and Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (Triarhou 2007a, 2007b). Constantin von Economo (Figure 1) was born on 21 August 1876 in Brăila, Romania (Figure 2). He was the fifth child, among two daughters and five sons, of Johannes and Hélène Economo (née Murati). The two families were rooted in the Hellenic region of Macedonia (in the cities of Edessa and Serres, respectively). Johannes Economo had left Greece for France during the Ottoman rule of northern Greece; the Murati family had left Greece for Budapest in the 1820s. The Economo family had taken up citizenship in the Austro-Hungarian Empire shortly before World War I and belonged to a group of respected families of Greek origin with such names as Karajan, Ypsilanti, Dumbas and Christomano. Johannes was made Imperial Baron (Freiherr) in 1904. Figure 1: Constantin Freiherr von Economo (1876-1931). -
Dissertation Gesamt.Pdf
Aus dem Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin des Universitätsklinikums Hamburg-Eppendorf Direktor Prof. Dr. med. Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach „Hermann Oppenheim (1858-1919) - Leben und Werk eines jüdischen Arztes“ Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Medizin dem Fachbereich Medizin der Universität Hamburg vorgelegt von Anja Pech aus Stollberg Hamburg 2006 Angenommen vom Fachbereich Medizin der Universität Hamburg am 27.10.2006. Veröffentlicht mit Genehmigung des Fachbereichs Medizin der Universität Hamburg Prüfungsausschuss, der/die Vorsitzende: Prof. Dr. H.-P. Schmiedebach Prüfungsausschuss: 2. Gutachter/in: Prof. Dr. H. Richter-Appelt Prüfungsausschuss: 3. Gutachter/in: PD Dr. Dr. C. Köppel Hermann Oppenheim 1.1.1858 – 22.5.1919 Den Familien Herz und Oppenheim gewidmet Inhalt Seite 3 Inhalt I. Einleitung 6 I.1. Erstellung einer Bio- und Bibliographie Hermann Oppenheims 6 I.2. Die Entwicklung der Neurologie als Spezialfach 7 II. Kindheit und Jugend in Warburg 9 II.1. Politische Entwicklung Westfalens Anfang des 19. Jhs. unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Lage der Juden 9 II.2. Entstehung und Entwicklung der jüdischen Gemeinde Warburg seit dem 16. Jh. 10 II.3. Stammbaum von Hermann Oppenheim 10 II.4. Situation zur Zeit des Amtsantritts von Juda Oppenheim in Warburg Mitte des 19. Jhs. 12 II.4.1. Situation der jüdischen Gemeinde 12 II.4.2. Elternhaus und Schulbildung Hermann Oppenheims in Warburg 13 III. Studienzeit in Göttingen und Bonn 15 III.1. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen 15 III.2. Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 15 III.3. Chronologische Einteilung des Studiums von Oppenheim 16 III.4. Die Königliche Landwirtschaftliche Akademie Bonn Poppelsdorf - Kurzer geschichtlicher Überblick über die Institutsbezeichnungen „Physiologisches/ Tierphysiologisches Laboratorium“ 17 III.5. -
Advances in Neurosurgery 6 Treatment of Hydrocephalus
Advances in Neurosurgery 6 Treatment of Hydrocephalus Computer Tomography Edited by R. WUllenweber H. Wenker M. Brock M. Klinger With 111 Figures and 86 Tables Spri nger-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1978 Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Neurochirurgie, the Society of British Neurological Surgeons, and the Nederlandse Vereniging van Neurochirurgen Berlin, May 3-6,1978 ISBN-13: 978-3-642-67084-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-67082-4 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-67082-4 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Deutsche Gesellschaft fOr Neuro' chirurgie. Treatment of hydrocephalus; Computer tomography. (Advances in neurosurgery; v.6) Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Brain·Diseases-Diagnosis-Congresses. 2. Hydrocephalus-Surgery-Congresses. 3. Tomography-Congresses. 4. Brain-Diseases Congresses. I. WUllenweber, R., 1924-. II. Title. III. Series. [DNLM: 1. Hydrocephalus Surgery-Congresses. 2. Cerebrospinal fluid shunts-Adverse effects-Congresses. 3. Tomography, Computerized AXIAL-Congresses. WI AD684N v.6 / WL350 T784] RC386.6.T64D481978 616.8'04'7572 78-10202 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law, where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publisher, the amount of the fee to be determined byagree ment with the publisher. © by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1978 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protec tive laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
Joseph Jumentié (1879–1928), a Forgotten Neurologist
NEUROL-1808; No. of Pages 9 r e v u e n e u r o l o g i q u e x x x ( 2 0 1 7 ) x x x – x x x Available online at ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com History of Neurology Joseph Jumentie´ (1879–1928), a forgotten neurologist O. Walusinski Cabinet prive´, 20, rue de Chartres, 28160 Brou, France i n f o a r t i c l e a b s t r a c t Article history: Joseph Jumentie´ (1879–1928), through his clinical skill and expertise in anatomical patho- Received 24 February 2017 logy, enhanced the prestige of the master neurologists he studied under— Jules Dejerine, Accepted 19 April 2017 Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke and Joseph Babin´ ski —and their fame overshadowed the crucial Available online xxx support that Jumentie´ provided them. Following a remarkable doctoral thesis in 1911, which defined the semiology of tumors in the cerebellopontine angle, Jumentie´ conducted research Keywords: into various areas of neurology and authored numerous publications. The present report History of neurology discusses, as examples of his work, his research on the cerebellum and brain tumors, as well Brain tumors as his contribution to Dejerine-Klumpke’s use of serial sectioning to identify the ‘fasciculi’ of Jumentie´ corticospinal tracts. This discussion is introduced by a brief biography illustrated by photo- Babin´ ski graphs, most of which have never before been published. Dejerine # 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. Klumpke Tumor in the cerebellopontine angle Joseph was their third child. He had one older sister, Marie 1.