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Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 24 May 2017 Version of attached le: Published Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Ockleford, Colin and Adriaanse, Paulien and Berny, Philippe and Brock, Theodorus and Duquesne, Sabine and Grilli, Sandro and HernandezJerez, Antonio F. and Bennekou, Susanne Hougaard and Klein, Michael and Kuhl, Thomas and Laskowski, Ryszard and Machera, Kyriaki and Pelkonen, Olavi and Pieper, Silvia and Stemmer, Michael and Sundh, Ingvar and Teodorovic, Ivana and Tiktak, Aaldrik and Topping, Chris J. and Wolterink, Gerrit and Craig, Peter and de Jong, Frank and Manachini, Barbara and Sousa, Paulo and Swarowsky, Klaus and Auteri, Domenica and Arena, Maria and Rob, Smith (2017) 'Scientic Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms.', EFSA journal., 15 (2). e04690. Further information on publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4690 Publisher's copyright statement: c 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modications or adaptations are made. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk SCIENTIFIC OPINION ADOPTED: 15 December 2016 doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4690 Scientific Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR), Colin Ockleford, Paulien Adriaanse, Philippe Berny, Theodorus Brock, Sabine Duquesne, Sandro Grilli, Antonio F Hernandez-Jerez, Susanne Hougaard Bennekou, Michael Klein, Thomas Kuhl, Ryszard Laskowski, Kyriaki Machera, Olavi Pelkonen, Silvia Pieper, Michael Stemmer, Ingvar Sundh, Ivana Teodorovic, Aaldrik Tiktak, Chris J. Topping, Gerrit Wolterink, Peter Craig, Frank de Jong, Barbara Manachini, Paulo Sousa, Klaus Swarowsky, Domenica Auteri, Maria Arena and Smith Rob Abstract Following a request from EFSA, the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues developed an opinion on the science behind the risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms. The current risk assessment scheme is reviewed, taking into account new regulatory frameworks and scientific developments. Proposals are made for specific protection goals for in-soil organisms being key drivers for relevant ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes such as nutrient cycling, soil structure, pest control and biodiversity. Considering the time-scales and biological processes related to the dispersal of the majority of in-soil organisms compared to terrestrial non-target arthropods living above soil, the Panel proposes that in-soil environmental risk assessments are made at in- and off-field scale considering field boundary levels. A new testing strategy which takes into account the relevant exposure routes for in-soil organisms and the potential direct and indirect effects is proposed. In order to address species recovery and long-term impacts of PPPs, the use of population models is also proposed. © 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. Keywords: in-soil invertebrates, microorganisms, effects, pesticides, protection goals, risk assessment Requestor: EFSA Question number: EFSA-Q-2011-00978 Correspondence: [email protected] www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal EFSA Journal 2017;15(2):4690 RA for in-soil organisms Panel members: Paulien Adriaanse, Philippe Berny, Theodorus Brock, Sabine Duquesne, Sandro Grilli, Antonio F. Hernandez-Jerez, Susanne Hougaard, Michael Klein, Thomas Kuhl, Ryszard Laskowski, Kyriaki Machera, Colin Ockleford, Olavi Pelkonen, Silvia Pieper, Rob Smith, Michael Stemmer, Ingvar Sundh, Ivana Teodorovic, Aaldrik Tiktak, Chris J. Topping, Gerrit Wolterink. Acknowledgements: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Working Group on Non-target arthropod and In-Soil risk assessment: Peter Craig, Frank de Jong, Michael Klein, Ryszard Laskowski, Ton van der Linden (until July 2015), Barbara Manachini, Silvia Pieper, Robert Smith, Paulo Sousa, Ingvar Sundh, Klaus Swarowsky, Aaldrik Tiktak and Christopher J. Topping for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion, and EFSA staff Maria Arena and Domenica Auteri for the support provided to this scientific opinion. Suggested citation: EFSA PPR Panel (EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues), Ockleford C, Adriaanse P, Berny P, Brock T, Duquesne S, Grilli S, Hernandez-Jerez AF, Bennekou SH, Klein M, Kuhl T, Laskowski R, Machera K, Pelkonen O, Pieper S, Stemmer M, Sundh I, Teodorovic I, Tiktak A, Topping CJ, Wolterink G, Craig P, de Jong F, Manachini B, Sousa P, Swarowsky K, Auteri D, Arena M and Rob S, 2017. Scientific Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms. EFSA Journal 2017;15(2):4690, 225 pp. doi:10.2903/j. efsa.2017.4690 ISSN: 1831-4732 © 2017 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made. Reproduction of the following images is prohibited and permission must be sought directly from the individual copyright holders: Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 16, 17, 18 and 19. The EFSA Journal is a publication of the European Food Safety Authority, an agency of the European Union. www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 2 EFSA Journal 2017;15(2):4690 RA for in-soil organisms Summary The new regulatory framework for plant protection products (PPPs) laid out in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 and Commission Regulation (EU) No 283/2013 and 284/2013 explicitly requires consideration of impacts on non-target species, on their ongoing behaviour and on biodiversity and the ecosystem, including potential indirect effects via alteration of the food web. In view of this new legislative background and the new scientific developments, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) asked the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR) to develop and update the guidance documents on terrestrial ecotoxicology (SANCO/10329/2002) under mandate M-2009-0002. The assessment of effects on biodiversity is not explicitly addressed under the existing guidance documents; appropriate risk assessment methodology therefore needs to be developed. This scientific opinion has been written as a precursor to the guidance document on the risk assessment for in-soil organisms. Other terrestrial organisms as previously covered in the SANCO Guidance 10329/2002, such as birds and mammals, non-target arthropods, bees and non-target terrestrial plants are covered in other EFSA scientific documents (EFSA, 2009a, 2013; EFSA PPR Panel, 2014a, 2015a). In-soil organisms are species that dwell primarily in the soil and soil litter. In-soil organisms are exposed to plant protection products (PPPs) from contact and oral uptake routes of exposure in the surrounding soil compartment. A ‘healthy’ soil supports a range of ecosystem functions or services (such as nutrient cycling) that are essential for supporting the growth of crops as well as the organisms that depend on those crops. The working group of the PPR Panel reviewed the current environmental risk assessment, identified key drivers that sustain important in-soil ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes and developed proposals for specific protection goal (SPG) options for in-field and off-field areas. The SPG options will then be discussed and agreed in consultation with Risk Managers. The working group developed proposals for testing of effects as well as suggestions to calibrate the lower tier risk assessment steps. The in-soil communities of invertebrates and microorganisms are the most diverse part inhabiting agricultural landscapes. Yet, the current risk assessment, at the first tier, examines a selection of invertebrate model species (e.g. Eisenia fetida/andrei, Folsomia candida/fimetaria, Hypoaspis aculeifer) and one microorganism-mediated process (N transformation). The currently requested tests were reviewed in relation to the proposed SPG options and the available data and the representativeness of the current standard species was discussed. The Panel suggests that the current test battery with the use of an appropriate (calibrated) assessment factor might cover the intra- and interspecies variability
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  • Sexual Size and Shape Dimorphism in Brachydesmus Troglobius Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

    Sexual Size and Shape Dimorphism in Brachydesmus Troglobius Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 930: 75–88 (2020) Sexual dimorphism in Brachydesmus troglobius 75 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.930.48285 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Sexual size and shape dimorphism in Brachydesmus troglobius Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) Vukica Vujić1, Luka Lučić1, Sofija Pavković-Lučić1, Bojan Ilić1, Zvezdana Jovanović1, Slobodan Makarov1, Boris Dudić1 1 Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology ,University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Corresponding author: Vukica Vujić ([email protected]) Academic editor: Z. Korsós | Received 7 November 2019 | Accepted 19 December 2019 | Published 28 April 2020 http://zoobank.org/509B5EA7-6CD2-4D55-907E-F0FCF77E2227 Citation: Vujić V, Lučić L, Pavković-Lučić S, Ilić B, Jovanović Z, Makarov S, Dudić B (2020) Sexual size and shape dimorphism in Brachydesmus troglobius Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). In: Korsós Z, Dányi L (Eds) Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Myriapodology, Budapest, Hungary. ZooKeys 930: 75–88. https:// doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.48285 Abstract Until now, morphological trait variation has been investigated in several millipede species using geometric morphometrics. The present study is the first attempt to explore sexual shape and size dimorphism (SShD and SSD) of morphological structures in Polydesmida. We here analyse antennal, head, and leg SShD and SSD in Brachydesmus troglobius Daday, 1889. Our results show that SSD exists in all of the analysed structures, while SShD is present only in the legs. In comparison with females, males possess longer and wider legs, as well as longer antennae and a shorter head. Contrary to previous findings in some Julida, in B.
  • Diplopoda: Polydesmidae) in Ireland

    Diplopoda: Polydesmidae) in Ireland

    Bulletin of the British Myriapod & Isopod Group Volume 28 (2015) THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ITALIAN FLAT-BACK MILLIPEDE, POLYDESMUS ASTHENESTATUS POCOCK, 1894 (DIPLOPODA: POLYDESMIDAE) IN IRELAND Roy Anderson 1 Belvoirview Park, Belfast BT8 7BL, N. Ireland, UK. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Well established colonies of Polydesmus asthenestatus are reported from nine sites in north-east Ireland and one in Co Wicklow south of Dublin. This species is native to the provinces of Umbria, Toscana and Roma in Italy and to Corsica. It favours wet riverine woodland and is a winter species, being active from September through to May. It shows a small degree of synanthropic behaviour and can be bred in captivity. The colonisation of disturbed habitats and gardens is considered likely which may lead to further range expansion in Ireland. INTRODUCTION The Italian peninsula is well known as a centre of polydesmid diversity (Minelli et al., 1995). A total of 49 species of flat-backed millipedes (Polydesmidae) are listed, many of which are endemic. In comparison, the polydesmid fauna of the British Isles is impoverished, with just seven species. Five are known from Ireland: Polydesmus angustus Latzel, P. coriaceus Porat, P. denticulatus C. L. Koch, P. inconstans Latzel and Brachydesmus superus Latzel (Lee, 2007). The polydesmid fauna of countries on the northern fringes of mainland Europe is similar and neither Holland nor Denmark list any additional species. Six non-British species recorded for Germany, are confined to the far south. The reasons why so few Polydesmus have been able to colonise northern latitudes in Europe from southern refugia following the last glaciation, are unclear.