9842 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 13 into amendatory repayment contracts under By Mr. SASSCER: nominations were communicated to the the Federal reclamation laws, and for other H. R. 5127. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Elea­ Senate by Mr. Miller, one .of his secre­ purposes; to the Committee on Interior and nora O. Gibson; to the Committee on the Insular Affairs. Judiciary. taries. ~y Mr. HAQEN: By Mr. SCHWABE: MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-ENROLLED H. R. 5116. A bill to confer jurisdiction on H. R. 5128. A bill for the relief of Michael . BILL SIGNED the Court of Military Appeals to review cases Demcheshen; to the Committee on the Ju­ of certain individuals discharged from the diciary. A message from the House of Repre­ Armed Forces under conditions other than By Mr. TOLLEFSON: sentatives, by Mr. Snader, its assistant honorable; to the Committee on Armed Serv­ H. R. 5129. A bill for the relief of Jose reading clerk, announced that the ices. Vieira Alves De Melo; to the Committee on Speaker had affixed his signature to the By Mr. KEOGH: the Judiciary. · enrolled bill Detroit, Mich., relating to the H. R. 5126. A bill for the relief of Lucian principles of true democracy in the conduct Roach, doing business as the Riverside Lum-. Messages in writing from the Presi­ of the government; to the Committee on the _ber Co.; to the Committee on the Judiciary. dent of the United States submitting Judiciary. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9843 By Mr. McFARLAND: formation in the report which has not S. 1993. A bill to authorize payrp.ent for A concurrent resolution of the Legislature been made available heretofore. There transportation of dependents, baggage, and of the State of Arizona; to the Committee household goods and effects of certain offi­ on Interstate and Foreign Commerce: are, I believe, a number of important conclusions upon which the members of cers of the naval service under certain con­ "House Concurrent Resolution 7 our nine-man bipartisan subcommittee diti.ons, and for other purposes; "Concurrent resolution accepting the provt." agreed unanimously. It con tr ins, for S. 1994. A bill to authorize the use of the sions of Public Law 681, Eighty-first Con­ incompleted submarine Ulua as a target for gress of the United States, relating to fish example, carefully compiled figures explosive tests, and for other purposes; and restoration and management projects showing the comparative cost of arming S. 1995. A bill to authorize the Post Office "Be it resolved by the house of representa- a soldier in Europe as compared with Department to designate enlisted personnel tives (the senate concurring): arming a soldier in the United States. of the Army of the United States, the United "Whereas under the provisions of Public It contains valuable information on the States Navy, the Air Force of the United Law 681, Eighty-first Congress of the United waning strength of communism and States, the United States Marine Corps, and States, the Secretary of the Interior is em­ neutralism in Western Europe. It also the United States Coast Guard as postal powered to cooperate with the States in fish contains some important conclusions on clerks and assistant postal clerks, and for restoration and management projects: Now, European morale. other purposes; to the Committee on Armed therefore, be it Services. "Resolved, That it is the intent of the While the trip of this subcommittee By Mr. NIXON: legislature to accept the provisions of Public was hurried, I think we all found it ex­ S. 1996. A bill to amend th~ Veterans Reg­ Law 681, Eighty-first Congress of the United tremely useful, both to our own country ulations in order to eliminate the provision States, and that the Arizona Game and Fish and to the countries we visited or heard requiring that a payment from a burial asso­ Commission perform such acts, not in con­ from. In 14 days we conferred with the ciation shall be deducted from the burial fiict with law, as may be. necessary for the head of State, ranking Cabinet members, allowance to a veter.an; to the Committee on establishment and operation of cooperative and the American Ambassadors in seven Finance. fish restoration projects in compliance with countries. We also conferred with By Mr. ROBERTSON (for himself and such ·act and the rules and regulations Mr. BYRD): promulgated by the Secretary of the Interior American representatives from six other S. 1997. A bill to autliorize and direct the thereunder." countries. This gave us a rare oppor­ Commissioners of the District of Columbia tunity to assess the political pulse, as to construct a bridge over the Potomac River REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIA­ well as the economic condition and de­ in the vicinity of Shepherds Landing, and TIONS SUBMITTED DURING RECESS fense efforts of these states. for other purposes; to the Co~mittee on Under authority of the order of the All our conferences with foreign offi­ Public Works. Senate of the 10th instant, cials were off the record. The things By Mr. MARTIN: S. 1998. A bill for the relief of J. Hibbs Mr. McKELLAR, from the Committee they said, however, helped the subcom­ Buckman and A. Raymond Raff, Jr., execu­ on Appropriations, to which was referred mittee to formulate its conclusions. Al­ tors of the estate of A. Raymond Raff, de­ the bill Milan felt this information would be useful to Ignacio Hlebs; to the Committee on the mitted an amendment intended to be Judiciary. proposed by them, jointly, to the joint the Senate in its consideration during By Mr. RUSSELL (by request): this session of the mutual security as­ resolution Ohio [Mr. BRICKER] are erly constitUted. legislative committee On request, and by unanimous con­ necessarily absent. whether or not he is or has been, know­ sent, addresses, editorials, articles, etc., The Senator from Idaho CMr. DwoR­ ingly or willingly, a member of such an were ordered to be printed in the Appen­ SHAK], the Senator from Missouri [Mr. ·organization. dix, as follows: KEM], the Senator from North Dakota Members of the Internal Security Sub­ CMr. LANGER], the Senator from Ne­ By Mr. SMITH of New Jersey: committee, of which I have the honor to Discv.ssion of the question "Should Spain braska [Mr. WHERRY], and the Senator be chairman, have recently recommend­ be in the western alliance?" by himself and from Wisconsin [Mr. WILEY] are absent ed that legislation be prepared author­ Senator MAGNUSON, on July 29, 1951, during on official business. izing withdrawal of any bargaining broadcast of the Columbia Broadcasting Sys. The Senator from Vermont CMr. priviliges held by Communist-dominated tern program, the People's Platform. AIKEN] and the Senator from North unions. I believe that if this is done, By Mr. BREWSTER: Dakota [Mr. YouNGJ are absent by leave the other provisions which I have pro­ Correspondence between him and Lester of the Senate. · Markel, Sunday editor of the New York Times, posed in the bill which I introduced dealing with our China policy and Fred · The Senator from Oregon CMr. yesterday are necessary corollaries. Utley's book entitled "The China Story." MoRsEJ and the Senator from New So that those of my colleagues who By Mr. MARTIN: Hampshire [Mr. TOBEY] are absent be­ read the RECORD may be fully informed, summary of remarks by him before the cause of illness. I ask unanimous consent that the text annual convention of the American Legion, The PRESIDING OFFICER Pennsylvania, at Pittsburgh, SPARKMAN in the chair). A quorum is day, S. 1975, may be printed in the REc- Pa., August 10, 1951, on the subject of oaths present. of loyalty by American citize.ns. . ORD at this point as a part of my remarks. By Mr. KILGORE: PROTECTION OF LOYAL LABOR UNIONS There being no objection, the bill Editorial entitled "NSRB Chairman," pub­ AGAINST INFILTRATION BY COM­ Boston-Washington area, 62 percent of White rode the presidential campaign the controllers now directing tramc have his forty-third birthday anniversary. trains, picturing political developments had less than 1 year in their present grades. He was born in Washington and had as they occurred. · In this 62 percent are 87 with less than worked with the Associated Press since Mr. President, I have lost a personal 3 months in grade and 38 more with less 1932, first gaining newspaper experi­ friend. Many other Senators have lost than 6 months. Of the airport controllers ence with the Washington. Times-Her­ a personal friend. The Senate itself has in this region, 37 percent have less than ald. During the period of the Second last a beloved friend. We mourn his 1 year on their present jobs. Of this 140 World War he served in the Kavy. He re­ airport controllers, 58 have less than 3 passing. months' experience in grade. turned to civilian life and. participated As I feel the great vacuum around in the activities of Washington as a Of 1,551 authorized air route tramc con­ Capitol Hill caused by the death of one trollers, 150 have been recalled since June newspaper photographer and interpre­ of the fl.nest friends I have had,.I recall 1950. Twenty-seven have been deferred and ter to the Nation of activities in the Na­ to mind the eulogy pronounced by Clar­ 32 more are scheduled for recall before De­ tion's Capital. ence Darrow over the grave of one of cember. Of those remaining, 209 are in the As ari alert and aggressive newspaper his friends. It is so long since I read · Active Reserves, 407 Inactive Reserves. photographer he had many assignments it tpat I cannot quote Darrow verbatim, There are 1,846 authorized airport con­ on presidential campaign trains, cover­ but roughly here is the thought: troller positions. Of these, 109 have been ing both the campaigns of President recalled to service, 12 are deferred, and 17 Roosevelt and President Truman, also The sun shall never shine so bright again, are scheduled to go before the end of the The stars shall never gleam so white again, year. One hundred and thirty-five of those covering the great national conventions. The· autumn leaves have lost some of their remaining are in the active Reserve, and In more recent times his specific assign­ old-time tint of red and brown. 337 are in the inactive Reserves. The situa­ ment with the Associated Press had The world shall nf!ver seem so good again­ tion is almost as bad with communications been the covering of the Senate of the For another great man is dead. men and electronic technicians. United States. Affi TRAFFIC CONTROL RESERVISTS FOR REPLACEMENT I believe many of us were fortunate Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, in Replacements for these men have to come in having had an opportunity not only from the Civil Service register, where vet­ of seeing his work as a competent the August 9 issue of the American Avia­ erans get preference. The result is that photographer and member of the fourth tion Daily there appears an article which replacements have already raised the number estate, but as one who was both alert in should enlist the attention of commit­ of reservists in these positions to a point his work and friendly in his dealings tees of Congress, especially the Commit­ above the level when the recalls were initi­ with those with whom he came in con­ tee on Intersi;ate and Foreign Commerce. ated. Attempts to bypass the civil-service tact. I know that I speak for many The article is headed "Air tramc con­ register have been unsuccessful. Members of the Senate who had the op­ trol-Tragedy in the making." I shall This country is building a billion-dollar read the first paragraph of the article tramc-control system scheduled for comple­ portunity of knowing Herbert . White tion after 1960. Millions spent to date have when I say that he will be missed in and invite the attention of my colleagues been invested in equipment aimed at bring­ Washington. to the entire article. I read the first ing immediate relief to the Nation's congest­ Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, one l?aragraph: ed airways. Automatic operation has been of the most beloved members of the The record-making performance and safety sacrificed to gain time. This is the transi­ Senate press and photographers' corps, of operation by the airlines of the United tion system, for a period during which the Herbert K. White, died last Friday in States stands little chance of "weathering" related sciences required for automatic con­ Rochester, N. Y., after a heart attack. the coming fall and winter. The delays, trol are being developed. cancellations, and even accidents which The human being is the key to today's air We all knew him as "Herbie" White, plagued airline operation in 1946-47 might traffic control. He is aided by a vast array a man with a camera who had the com­ well mark the 1951-52 winter season. of mechanical and electronic aids which mon touch, who knew everybody, liked require intelligent and informed monitoring everybody, and was a friend to the high There follow some very carefully ana­ and interpretation. When this is missing, and the low. lyzed and pointed statements which in the system breaks down. And the system Mr. President, I am impressed by the my opinion should· receive immediate has broken down. On three separate oc­ number of people who have stopped me consideration. I ask unanimous consent casions in the past few months, months dur­ to have the entire article printed in the ing which weather offers no real problems, to talk about the passing of Herbie the system has bogged down hopelessly in White. He is genuinely mourned not RECORD as part of my remarks. critical areas. In the first case, typical of only by Senators, but by the policeman There being no objection, the article all three instances, some 20 scheduled opera­ at the door, the elevator operators, and was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, tions by the Strategic Air Command had to the messengers at the Capitol. They as follows: be cancelled. At the same time one airline are the people who have the opportunity AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL-TRAGEDY IN THE had 51 flights delayed over 5 hours and an­ to judge the real worth of a man and MAKING other 17 flights delayed more than 9 hours. they are unanimous in their high judg­ Both civil and military traffic on the air­ The record making.performance and safety ways is increasing and the defense planners ment of him. of operation by the airlines of the United are scheduling even greater responsibilities States stand little chance of "weathering'' Herbie White is gone, but his kind­ for this group in the event of further mobi­ the coming fall and winter. The delays, ness and his friendships will live long in lization. No solution is in sight. his wake. cancellations, and even accidents which plagued airline operation in 1946-47 might MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Mr. President, Herbie White was one wen mark the 1951-52 winter season. of. those rare persons, a native Wash­ The remarkable achievements of the in­ - A message from the House of Repre- ingtonian. He was graduated from Cen­ dustry during the past 5 years in overcom­ ·senta tives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its tral High School in 1927, and went to ing the operational problems posed by all­ reading clerks, announced that the work for the Washington Times-Herald weather flying are right now being under­ House had disagreed to the amendments as an apprentice. mined in a manner and to a degree which of the Senate to tile bill .(H. R. 3973) t95J .- .. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9847 making appropriations for the Depart­ 278,213, or a difference of $122,850,813. Yet, while we provide the funds for the ment of Agriculture for the fiscal year Of that amount, however, $21,215,000 planning of projects in virtually all the ending June 30-, 1952, and for other pur­ was recommended by the President and other countries of the world, the House poses; agreed to the conference asked the Bureau of the Budget after the Kan­ has determined that the United States by the Senate on the disagreeing votes sas floods. The House did not pass on sh_ould not use planning money for any of the two Houses thereon, and that Mr. that item at all. Deducting-the item of purpose in connection with projects in WHITTEN, Mr. STIGLER, Mr. BATES of Ken­ $21,215,000, the difference between the the United States, and the House voted tucky, Mr. CANNON, Mr. H. CARL ANDER­ two versions of the bill is $101,635,813. to eliminate from the bill all appropria­ SEN, Mr. HORAN, and Mr. WIGGLESWORTH In other words, the Senate committee tions of planning money. were appointed managers on the part voted to increase the appropriations Mr. President, as I have said, the of the House at the conference. made by the House of RP-presentatives planning money recommended by the The message also announced th~t the in the amount of $101,635,813, making a Bureau of the Budget for 1952, includ­ House had agreed to the amendments of total of $627,278,213. I ask Senators to ing that carried in the supplemental the Senate to the bill North Carolina in the chair). reservoirs to which I have referred ought tomorrow during the course of the Under the customary procedure of the to be provided for. debate. Senate, committee amendments will be We come to the next item, for "Sur­ However, I wish to say that we in first considered. veys and examinations.'' Before dams Kansas and the Missouri Basin are in­ Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I or reservoirs can be built there must be debted ·to the Senator from Tennessee wish to join the other Members of the examinations. We cannot simply look and the other members of the Appro­ Senate in expressing my appreciation to at the map and say that we are going to priations Committee for recommending the eminent chairman of the Appropria­ build a dam in Indiana, Idaho, Missis­ funds for plans for preliminary studies, tions Committee for the hard ·work he s::inni or some other State. The project and for the commencement of some new has done on this bill and the careful 9850 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 13- consideration which he and all other perience, namely, 30 days of extremely an authorization, rather-than an actual members of the committee have given heavy rainfall, followed by 1 % days dur­ expenditure. Nevertheless, Mr. Presi­ to the subject. ing which the rainfall amounted to as dent, if we are,most charitable by saying As the Senator from Tennessee has much as 11 inches, as I recall. that of the $56,000,000,000 of appropri­ stated, the bill as reported by the Ap­ Mr. President, during the last war I ations voted last week by the House of propriations Committee calls for an in­ spent some time in the South Pacific, Representatives for national defense, crease in the amount of $123,000,000 in and a portion of the time I was on the only from $40,000,000,000 to $41,000,- the appropriations voted by the House western part of the island of New Brit­ 000,000 will be spent, there are still large of Representatives. This is an increase ain, which has one of the heaviest rain­ items which the weight ·of probability from $514,000,000 to $637,000,000. I falls in the world, amounting to approxi­ indicates, so far as I can ascertain, will suppose that the practical reason for mately 365 inches a year. This com­ be above and in addition to those figures. the voting of that increase by the com­ pares with the 33 inches in Chicago and INCREASED MILITARY SPENDING IN PROSPECT mittee was the great flood whica began from 20 to 25 inches on an average, I In that connection I should like to in Kansas in July and swept on through believe, in Kansas. One day in New mention the large program for the con­ Kansas and down the Missouri River Britain there was a rainfall of 14 inches. struction of military bases abroad-a and down the Mississippi River. Al­ I never want to see anything like that very necessary program, in my j udg­ though this was not particularly men­ again. I know that a rainfall of from ment, and one which will run into the tioned in the report, probably as a prac­ 10 to 14 inches in one day on the Great billions of dollars in expense, and which tical matter, it was that great flood which Plains creates an amount of water which may be accelerated far beyond present led to the increase which the committee is virtually uncontrollable, but it prob­ plans. If it is accelerated in speed, of voted in the appropriations. ably occurs only once in a century in necessity it will call for much larger I am sure that the committee has been any part of our country. expenditures during the coming year careful in the consideration which it has So, although we realize and deprecate than now. are contemplated. given to the bill. The committee has the damage which has been caused, and We also have "in the works" the pos­ wished to protect itself against a charge although we wish to protect ourselves sibility of enlarging the Air Force from that if it did not recommend such ap­ against future damage, I think we must the present budgeted figure of 95 groups propriations and if a flood came in the also consider the factor that if we were to ·a total of possibly 135 groups or, as future, the fault might be that of the to pr9tect every area of the United others have advocated, 150 or even 163 committee. I suppose all of us feel a States against the possibility of a · flood groups. If that program is carried certain sense of solemnity about this such as the one which occurred in Kan.; through, there · will have to be further subject, lest we fail to take steps which sas, we would have to cover the country appropriations and expenditures in the might prevent future floods. and construct in all its streams the rnost amount of additional billions of dollars. So, Mr. President; I fully appreciate elaborate set of dams and precaution­ Then we have the question of the the position of the committee, and I ary works, the cost of which probably Korean war. It is my understanding do not desire in any sense to reproach would run into the tens and tens and that the present budgetary figures are the committee for the attitude it has tens of billions of dollars. In other are predicated on the assumption that taken. I do not wish to set myself up words, try as hard as we may, there are the Korean war expenditures will be as superior in knowledge in any degree some catastrophes against which' man llquidated by the end of this year, and to the committee. cannot provide. that virtually no allowance is made for However, Mr. President, I think there AN INFLATIONARY FLOOD CAN BE DISASTROUS, TOO the continuation of hostilities beyond are certain other considerations which Mr. President, I quite well realize how the end of December. Mr. President; we should bear in mind. I shall try to the fear of another possible flood im­ that is a consummation devoutly to be be brief in mentioning them. pressed the committee itself. As I have wished, but I think it is very uncertain MUCH OF COMMITTEE INCREASE IS NOT FOR FLOOD said, I wish to pay tribute to the com­ that we can count on it. If we merely "CONTROL mittee's motives. I, too, am afraid of carry on at the present rate that will be In the first place, $50,000,000 of the another flood. However, not only am I at a monthly added cost of from four $123,000,000 of increase are not con:.. afraid of a flood of water, but I am also to five hundred million dollars or a year­ nected in · any direct sense with flood afraid of a flood of inflation which ly total of about $5,000,000,000. control, but are included in the recom­ might sweep over the country and might Therefore. from all these sources­ mended appropriations for rivers and take away, not the topsoil, but the mid­ military bases, expansion of the Air harbors primarily navigation projects, dle class and the economic stability of Force, continuation of the Korean war, and will not give any immediate pro­ the Nation. So, the fiscal condition of and other items-I think we can look tection against floods. the country compels us to examine care­ forward to the fact that the govern­ In the second place, it still is not cer­ fully each and every appropriation with mental expenditures for the coming year tain whether the so-called ·Pick-Sloan which we are confronted and to cleal will be not the $71,500,000,000 which the plan, or the shotgun marriage of the with it in terms of the general budgetary administration requested in January, or pla~ of the Corps of Army Engineers and situation which we have to face. the $73,000,000,000 of requests, or the the plan of the Bureau of Reclamation So far as I can see, the Federal budget $68,400,000,000 which I understand the for the Missouri Valley, is the best way for the fiscal year 1951-52 is at least assistant director of the Bureau of the to control floods in that area. It is my $12,000,000,000 and more probably $20,- Budget stated on June 29 before the own feeling that tl.e Pick-Sloan · plan 000,000,000 in the red. I should like to Senate Finance Committee was his esti­ should be modified so as to provide for justify those figures, if I may. mate of the expenditures, but in all a greater number of small retention In January the President sent to Con­ probability at least $80,000,000,000, and dams in the tributary rivers, to check gress a budget calling for appropriations perhaps more. the fiow of water as it comes into the of $71,500,000,000. Since then, the Pres­ PROSPECTIVE REVENUES INADEQUATE TO STOP rivers; and, secondly, I believe that the ident has sent to Congress a request for INFLATION entire program of flood control could a further appropriation of $1,000,000,000 What do we have on the income side, perhaps more properly be directed at up­ for foreign ain. The total requests Mr. President? The Treasury sent to stream control, and reforestation, the re­ which have come to us from the admin­ us in January an estimate of the fiscal seeding of barren hillsides, the develop­ istration amount, at a conservative es­ yields for 1951-52. The Treasury then ment of grasses which will retain mois­ timate, to approximately $73,000,000,000 estimated that the yield of present taxes ture, contour plowing, terracing, and in of expenditures for the coming year. I during the present fiscal year would be general what is known as upstream en­ know there is some uncertainty about approximately $55,000,000,000. I con.­ gineering. the totals, particularly in connection sider that to be an underestimate; I ONE HUNDRED PERCENT FLOOD CONTROL with national defense, because we are think the national income has in­ IMPOSSIBLE being asked to appropriate for national creased appreciably more than the I think we must also bear in mind that defense large sums of money which it is Treasury believed it would increase probably no system, however effec~ive, said will not be spent during the com­ at the time when the Treasury made could have prevented the floods in Kan­ ing year, and, therefore, in those cases its estimate. Furthermore, there has sas. There we had an almost unique ex- the appropriation perhaps approaches been an increase, not merely in real in- 1951 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9851 come, but in the general price .level, WE NEED DAMS TO HOLD BACK 'THE FLOOD OF the Government was going to appropri­ and that will increase the amount of INFLATION ate, and, therefore, why should we con- · the total receipts. Mr. President, we have seen the flood sider so small an item as that? Some weeks ago, I m:ide an estimate of waters which has descended upon the I know that in the pending bill the that the expected yield of present taxes helpless towns and cities in Kansas and $120,000,000 added by the committee may for the fiscal year 1951-52 would be Missouri, but it is more difficult to visu­ seem to be small in comparison with the approximately $61,000,000,000. I was in­ alize the flood of inflation which is sus­ $80,000,000,000 which we are being asked tereste.d in learniPg this morning that pended over the Nation, and which we to appropriate, but it is a small tributary the staff of the Joint Committee on the are feeding here on the floors of Con­ stream, so to speak, of the great flood Economic Report, working independ­ gress when we pass bills making great of inflation and of appropriations which enUy, had reached an estimate almost appropriations. faces us. But we can build retaining identical with that of mine. They fixed The rains of appropriations are be­ dams on the small streams as well as on the estimated yield at $61,400,000,000. ginning to descend. The capacity of the the mighty rivers; and we have one of Of course, there is a certain. margin of ground . to soak up the water is limited, our chances here and now. If we do error in both estimates. and pretty soon the waters of inflation, not take up these individual items and Nevertheless, the contrast between the unless we do something to stop them, try to save on them as we go along, then $80,000,000,000, which I submit is our will burst upon the Nation, and we shall the flood of appropriations will sweep likely expenditure, and the sum of $61,- have, not a 5-percent, but a 10- or 15- or into the main stream, the Government 000,000,000, which we hava in sight, leads 20-pcrcent increase in the price level. deficit will swell, the. Government will to a staegering deficit of $19,000,000,000. What is the result of such an increase? be farced to borrow money 'from the It may be reasoned that the deficit may It decreases the real income of everyone banks, the banks will create more pur­ be: only $12,000,000,000, but, on the other who is on an annuity. It decreases the chasing power, the price level will rise, hand, it may be more than $19,000,- real income of all those who draw in­ and disaster will slowly set in, not only 000,000. terest on bonds, all those who have fixed upon the middle class, but upon other Mr. President, what will :happen if we incomes; and that applies not merely to elements in our society. have a deficit of this magnitude? In the widows and orphans, but to churches So, Mr. President, I think we would do old days, what happened was that the anIllinois, in his usual graphic way, has money bey9nd that which has been ap­ made a very interesting presentation. I propriated or which has been author­ Projects reduced by Douglas amendment to appreciate the statement he has made in ized. The provision to which the Sena­ rivers and harbors appr opr iatio·n item in behalf of projects in the State of Kansas. tor has referred need not be in the con­ H . R. 4386 Later on in the session I hope to discuss tract, however, because it is in the law, that section of the bill.· and the contract must be let in the light Reductions- Mr. DOUGLAS. I thank the senator. of the law. . ·There are included in the bill other Project Below Amount However, the Government sustains Senate Below left projects, such as those on the Columbia losses independent of any claim for commit- budget ·River, which are possibly for flood con­ damages from a contractor in the case tee trol but I suppose they are largely for of a complete stoppage of a contract. po~er. It is true tha,t the Columbia The contractor also sustains losses there• D emopolis lock and River and the St. Lawrence River are tlam, Alabama ______$4, 000, 000 ~4, 500, 000 ------by, but they are not compensable losses. Jim Woodruff Dam, · probably the two rivers which lend When the contractor can no longer oper­ Fla ______6, 3.0Q; OOO 7, 000, 000 ~ ------.themselves mostly to power development, Intracoastal Waterway, ate he can close his operation and move Fla ______2, 150, 000 2, 350, 000 . ------~ ·since they have a steady flow of water his :.'.'n.cilities away and look for another J ackson ville H arbor, and a precipitous fall. Fla ______1, 093, 500 1, 206, 500 $693, 000 chance to lose some ~nore money. Buford Dam, Ga______990, 000 900, 000 ------·-- ! ·also know that the Pacific Northwest · The point is that when he does that Missouri River, Kansas is a' . area of great power shortage and City to Sioux City, that atomic energy work is done there. the Government has the obligation of Iowa. __ ------3, 000, 000 3, 000, 000 1, 000, 000 protecting the partially finished work. Calcasieu River and ·Nevertheless, in the case of the~e dams, Pass, La______1, 025, 000 1, 025, 000 ------­ it might perhaps be well if we should That in itself is no small chore, and Gulf Intracoastal wa· represents a considerable sum of money. terway (Algiers Cut- attach a provision that they shall be . off), La ______4, 300, 000 4, 800, 000 100, 000 co.1skucted only if certified. by the The Government has frequently pur- . Pearl River, Miss. and United States Government for national chased equipment on its own account. . La______987, 000 987, 000 ------The equipment oftentimes is on the Missouri River, Kansas defense, so that their construction would City to mouth______1, 300, 000 I, 300, 000 1, 000, 000 be dependent upon whether they were ground. Again the Government is· re­ Buffalo Harbor, N. Y _ _ 305, 000 305, 000 --·------sponsible for protecting the idle mate­ ·c 1evelan d H arbor, necessary in ·the national defense. Ohio ______1, 000, 000 I, 000, 000 ------We may be able to find some appro­ rial and equipment to which it holds Schuylkill River, Pa. __ 1, 900, 000 1, 900, 000 ------­ title. Cheatham Dam, Tenn_ 3, 000, 000 3, 000, 000 ---·-----­ priations among the flood-control items Old Hickory lock and which will permit of economies being Then the other loss that the Govern­ dam, Tennessee ______6, 000, 000 8, COO, 000 ------ment sustains-and I think it must nec­ Houston ship channel, made, and I ro~e we shall. Texas_------·------500, 000 1, 000, 000 500, 000 essarily flow from the situation-is that Plans______1, 035, 000 1, 000, 000 -·------­ MONEY FOR FURTHER PLANNING NOT NECESSARY once the contractors are aware of the Illinois waterway, Illi· There is one further comment I nois______300, 000 300, 000 ~ -----·--- fact that a normal schedule of work on St. Anth onys Falls, should like to make, and that is with a given project is not to be followed, Minn______1, 500, 000 1, 500, 000 ------­ reference to appropriations for plan­ when they understand that the law is Current expenses______9, 705, 000 9, 835, 000 60, 000, 000 ning. The plans drawn by the Corps of going to be operative, and that they can Total cut______50, 300, 500 55, 008, 500 ------Army Engineers, z.s I understand, are no longer hope that an adopted work 1 o~ two kinds. There are plans for proj­ schedule will be followed, then, of neces­ DESCRIPTION OF RIVERS AND H ARBORS PROJECTS ects authorized but for which appro­ sity, all bids will reflect those unstable AFFECTED BY DOUGLAS AMENDMENT priations have not yet been made, and conditions, and the bids will be higher, Dem opolis lock an d dam, A labama

there are plans for projects which have Budget ______1 4,50~000 not yet been authorized. When I last and they will have to be higher, because a contractor must protect himself lfouse ______4, 000, 000 totaled up the figures we had authorized Senate commit tee______4, 000, 000 for construction work under the Army against any loss he can foresee. Douglas amendment______O engineers approximately $5,300,000,000 It is those three factors which repre­ Estimated total cost ______21, 000, 000 worth of v:ork in the future for which sent a real loss when a construction Appropriatiated to date______3, 500, 000 appropriations had not been made. program is slowed down or stop,Ped. It is reported that this project is one of Therefore the Army engineers would Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I the three locks and dams on the Inland seem to have a prettv larg-e backlnl? 1mon thank the Senator from Oregon. At waterway system most needin!? to be re- 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE placed. The other two are the Cheatham . and .Miami, Fla., at a cost of approximately Essentially a new start can be stopped. lock and dam on the Cumberland River and $7,250,000. It ii? now proposeFlorida. serious loss. '!'he :House and Senate committees have rec­ Senate~~~~=~======~======committee_-______------$2,~g~:~ggl, 787, 000 This is not flood control, the item for .ommended $6,300,000 for this item. Flor­ Douglas amendment _____ ------693, 000 which comes under 11.ood control. It is ida is not a mountainous country; power House reduction of $1:306,500 would leave navigation. won't be available there for another 2Y2 funds for work in progress, including con­ Calcasieu River and Pass, Louisiana years. Would it not perhaps be better to struction of a cut-off through three sharp use the $7,000,000 this year for weapons and abrupt bends. Budget ------$1, 025, 000 which we need right now? Seven million However, the House cut would postpone House ------775, 000 dollars would pay for two of the huge B-36 Senate committee______l, 025, 000 initiation of new work (entrance channel Douglas amendmc.nt______O bombers, or 46 of the F-80 fighters. It would and ship channel dredging). This work can pay for 58 tanks or 57,000 bazookas 'or 115,- easily be postponed and the House figure A thirty-foot channel is available in this 000 rifles. This same amount of money should be adhered to. waterway although a 35-foot channel is au­ would maintain 1,800 soldiers for a whole The new improvement, apparently, is con­ thorized and is under construction. The year. I think we should carry out these sidered necessary to eliminate delays and funds requested would permit completion of expenditures first, then maybe next year difficulties of navigation. While Jackson­ the 35-foot channel in fiscal year 1952. Prin­ or the year thereafter we could continue the ville harbor is an important terminus, the Jim Woodruff project. · cipal traffic is petroleum products. This report of the Chief of Engineers, United channel has been developed since 1937 as an Intracoastal waterway, Jacksonville to Miami, States Army, for 1949 shows that of the 385 alternate to the Lake Charles deep-water . Fla., inbound steamers only 6 had drafts of over channel which 1'.as deteriorated to a depth Budget------~------.:.House ______$2,350,0002, 150,000 30 feet, and only 76 vessels drew over 28 of approximately 20 feet. The portion of feet. Of the latter group all were steam­ the channel already dredged to 35 feet, the Senate committee______2, 150, 000 ers except two motor vessels. full project depth, cannot be utilized unless Douglas amendment______0 Buford Dam, Ga. the project is completed. However, the small Cost of present waterway______7, 250, 000 Budget------$900,000 number of ships using such depth does not Proposed additional work ______16, 750, 000 ;House------0 indicate that the increase is urgently needed. Appropriated to date______500,000 Senate committee ------900, 000 As of February 1951: Douglas areendment ------· 0 Gulf intracoastal waterway (Algiers cut-off), Total spent ______14,900 Total cost______40, 225, 000. Louisiana Total obligated ______.:. ____ _ 389,900 Total appropriated to date______2, 300, 000 Budget ------$4, 900, 000 (Essentially a new start.) As of February ·1951: House ______...:______3, 900, 000 A channel 8 feet deep by 100 feet wide has Total obligated______l, 610, 900 Senate committee______4, 400, 000 been built between the cities of Jacksonville Total spent----.------1, 221, 000 Douglas amendment______100, 000 XCVIl-620 9854 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 13

Of the $4,900,000 requested, only $100,000 Funds requested of $1,000,000 consist of The funds requested, $1,500,000, would pro­ is for continuation of work underway in $75,000 for improvement .of channels and vide for completing one reach of channel 1951. The remainder is for new items of $925,000 for replacement of a bridge. It is being started with funds available during the project, all of which are reported to be not clear why replacement of the bridge is the current year and for the initiation and necessary before the cut-off can be opened to essential at this time. Therefore, judge­ completion of a second reach- The reach traffic. Apparently $4,800,000 of the amount ment of House of Representatives should be to be completed extends to an ordnance requested could be deferred without physic~l followed. depot slip. damage to the work already in place. Justi­ Schuylkill River, Pa. The immediate need of deepening the ex­ fication for· its being prosecuted at the pres­ isting channel to 36 feet in the reach to be ent time is not clearly set forth in the Budget ------$1, 900, 000 started and completed in fiscal year 1952 is presentation. House ------l, 000, 000 not obvious from the presentation. It may By stopping new work, this project can be Senate committee ------l, 900, 000 Douglas amendment______O be that this item could be eliminated for reduced to $100,000. the time being without serious inconveni­ Pearl River, Miss. and La. This project authorized in 1946 is esti­ ence or loss. On the other hand, in view mated to cost slightly more than 121/z mll· of the great industrial growth of the whole HouseBudget------~-- ______$987,000987,000 lion. Through 1950, $400,000 was made Houston area the project may be worthy of Senate committee ____ ,______987, 000 available primarily for the preparation of continuation at this time as a part of the Douglas amendment______0 disposal areas. No funds were made avail­ preparedness program. Since the last an­ able for fiscal year 1951. The 1952 program nual report for 1949 shows only two out­ On the basis of the presentation it would of $1,900,000 contemplates further work on bound steamers as having drafts of 34 feet appear that the full amount requested, $987 ,- disposal areas, the initiation of dredging of and only one in-bound vessel with a draft as 000, could be deferred without physical one pool and the initiation and completion much as 32 feet, it would appear that doubt damage to the work in place. It is stated of dredging of a second of the three pools might be resolved in favor of deferral. that full benefits cannot be expected until into which the river is divided for the pur­ Preparation of plans the work is completed. It is not, however, poses of the project. The project is to re­ clearly set forth that no benefits would ma­ move from the river the great masses of culm, Budget ------$1, 000, 000 terialize from the work already in place. which have gathered through the years as· House ------~------o waste products from the coal mines. A Senate committee______1, 035, 000 St. Anthony's Falls, Minneapolis, Minn. Douglas amendment ___ _:______O justification for Federal participation is that Budget------$1,500,000 ultimately the culm will move into Phila­ The Department requests $1,000,000 for House______0 delphia Harbor and be removed by the Senate committee______1, 500, 000 further preparation of plans on nine projects Federal Government as maintenance at a which are estimated to cost a total of over_ Douglas amen~ent______0 greater cost than it can be removed by ac­ $1,300,000,000. The amount requested can This project consists of extending a chan­ tion where the waste now lays. Since no be eliminated without disrupting any con­ nel upstream from the present head of navi­ work on culm removal has started the proj­ struction, since the projects involved have gation a distance of 4.6 miles. While the ect can be considered a new project. not yet been started. On the other hand, it project will be only 18-percent complete at Cheatham Dam, Tenn. would seem sound that some planning go the end of fiscal year 1951, it is not clear Budget------$3,000,000 forward at this time so that projects found from the presentation whether or not the House______0 to be worth while can be· undertaken in the work can be stopped without damage at Senate committee______3, 000, 000 fUture at such time as deemed proper with­ this time or how many more years it will Douglas amendment _____ .______O out conflict with the defense program. take to complete the work estimated to re­ Totalcost ______14,000,000 Current expense quire $15,000,000 after fiscal year 1952. The Appropriated to date _____ ------4, 000, 000 Budget ______$69, 835,000 presentation does not make it clear that there is any real defense value or necessity This project on the Cumberland River is House------65,000,000 considered necessary to relieve a bottleneck Senate committee __ .:.______69, 'i05, 000 of the project. It could be assumed, there­ Douglas amendment _____ .______60, 000, 000 fore, that the amount requested could be in navigation. While over $10,000,000 of the deferred. $14,000,000 total cost is yet to be appropri­ The budget includes a request totaling My estimate of this situation has been ated, it is not clear from the justifications $69,835,000 for funds in the category of cur­ backed up by the House. the extent to which the additional $3,000,000 rent expenses. This includes $62,670,000 for must be made available at this time. Missouri River, Kansas City to mouth routine operation and maintenance, $800,000 This project is similar to the Demopolis for removing sunken vessels and straighten­ Budget------$2,300,000 lock and dam project. There ls no reason for allowing it to progress while doing noth­ ing channels, $1,650,000 for surveys and House------2,300,000 in- - Senate committee______2, 300, 000 ing about the Keokuk project which is studies, $1,685,000 for miscellaneous Douglas amer..dment______l, 000, 000 claimed to be equally important. spections, investigations, and enforcement of The House knocked it out anc;l we should regulations, $1,170,000 for salaries in Wash­ · This project is similar to Missouri River, stand by this decision. ington, and $1,860,000 for transfers to other Kansas City to Sioux City, except as to the agencies of the Federal Government for work amount of funds requested and the loca­ Old Hickory lock and dam, Tennessee on behalf of the Corps of Engineers program. tion. This request is for $2,300,000 and else• Budget------$8,000,000 On the basis of past experience it can be ex­ where in these estimates the amount of $2,- House______0 pected that the amount requested would 852,000 is requested· for maintenance. It Senate committee ______6,000,000 provide ample operations. However, the would appear that this new work, similar Douglas amendment______O presentation gives no basis for any deviation to that proposed for the upper Missouri from the amount requested. It would ap­ could be deferred. This project, estimated to cost $49,120,000, has not yet been started. The sum of $8,- pear that any reduction made would have Appropriation recommended includes 000,000 is requested to initiate construction. to be based on a rule of thumb percentage under "Current expenses" $4,670,000 and This dam would be on the Cumberland River, reduction, recognizing that some mainte­ $2,852,000 for these two projects for mainte­ and provide both power and navigation im­ nance might then need to be deferred and nance. It would appear that much of the provement. The first unit of power, 25,000 some of the less worthy projects carried for­ new work, at least, could be deferred. New kilowatts, would l;>e placed on the line in .ward in a less completely maintained status. work and maintenance are essentially of December 1953. The fourth unit in the Uneconomic projects can be abandoned. same type-jetties, revetment, and dredging. same amount would be ready in September This was done in the case of the Hennepin This is navigation not flood control. 1954 under the schedule presented. This ls Canal in Illinois, and it can be done in other Buffalo Harbor, N. Y. one of the seven new power projects pro­ places. Budget------$305,000 posed by the budget. The House report (p. 3) states: Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, I wish House ------O to express my appreciation to the Sena­ Senate committee------305, 000 "The amount of $8,000,000 :i;-equested for Douglas amendment______O beginning construction on the Old Hickory tor from Illinois [Mr. DOUGLAS], for the lock and dam, Tenn., is denied. The data. splendid way in which he has presented The funds requested, $305,000, would pro­ submitted to the Congress in justification of a problem that concerns all of us. I vide for deepening the harbot:. The project this project failed to show that (1) naviga­ trust that as we continue the present de­ is requested on the basis of rafety and ease tion benefits, without construction of other of navigation. Since it provides only an dams, are significant, (2) power needs are bate we will hear statements of those alternate entrance to the harbor it can be urgent, or (3) the project has been ade­ having varying views on the present situ­ deferred. quately planned for construction." ation and the problems resulting from it. Cleveland Harbor, Ohio Houston ship channel, Texas At this time I again wish to express my appreciation to the chairman of the Budget ------$1, 000, 000 Budget------~------$1,500,000 Committee on Appropriations, the dis­ Bouse------O House ------600, 000 Senate committee ______1,000,000 Senate committee______1, 000, 000 tinguished senior Senator from Tennes­ Douglas amendment______O Douglas amendment______500, 000 see [Mr. McKELLAR], and members of 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· ·SENATE 9855 the committee, for the courtesies thc;y Fortunately we do have a compre:Qen­ The Soil Conservation Service has a num­ extended citizens of the flood areas of sive plan for flood control, soil conser­ ber · of demonstration projects which deal Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma by v'.",ti on, power, recreation, and s';orage of with entire watersheds. These projects have demonstrated their value by protecting the granting them a generous amount of water for beneficial uses. It is the Pick­ land with terraces, erosion control, dams, and time to present their problems to the Sloan plan. other conservation measures which came committee. Mr. President, I was pleased that the through the storms with comparatively light Second, I wish to commend the Civil distinguished Senator from Illinois [Mr. damage. Functions Subcommittee and the mem­ DouGLAsl discussed this E..ll-inclusive It is my contention that these types of . bers of the full Appropriations Com­ program. It is a comprehensive pro­ prcgrams should have the cooperation of mittee for heeding the pleas of our citi­ bram, and I am not one of those who of the Department of Agriculture and the zens and recommending appropriations believe that one phase of the work is Corps of Engineers for a coordinated flood­ to the Senate for the commencement of all Vte need to complete in order to con­ control program for the entire watersheds. trol the floods on the major streams and I realize that this job presents a program some of the projects under the Pick­ of water conservation and flood control that Sloan plan. the trib:itary streams. · requires special authorization for the De­ Third, I · wish to commend Gen. · Unfortunately, many of the opponents partment of Agriculture. It is my sincere Lewis A. Pick and his staff in Washing­ of the Pick-Sloan plan call it a big-dam hope that the Congress will have an oppor­ ton and the division and district offices pla~. The truth is that it is an all-in­ tunity to al;thorize the recommendations as in Omaha and Kansas City, first for the clusive progra~, and if carried out in printed in House Document No. 373, Eighty­ personal interest they have taken in the full as approved by Congress, it would first Congress, first seEsion, and now in the Committee on Agriculture. disastrous floods in the ~. evastated area. control water runoff at its source 'J.'his was mentioned by the distinguished through terracing, soil-conservation It is also my hope that a coordinated soil practices, and detention dams on the control and water runoff program may be chairman of the committee, the Senator carried on through the regular Soil Conser­ from"' Tennessee, who stated that Gen­ tributary streams. In addition, it pro­ vation Service on a watershed basis. eral Pick did not send someone into the vides for large reservoirs for impound­ I would urge this committee to authorize area to study the floods, but went there ing a large volume of \'".'atet. suffic:ent funds that we might have at least himself. Second, I wish to commend The r,gricultural phase of the Pick­ two projects started in the State of Kan­ them for the prompt way in which they Sloan plan was submitted to Congress in sas on a complete watershed basis. presented a request for supplemental ap­ House Docum2nt 373, Eighty-first Con­ These projects would serve as pilot proj­ propriations to the Bureau of the Budget. gress, second session, anJ is now in the ects for demonstration purposes. ·We are fortunate, in my opinion, to Committee on Agriculture. There is much interest in this program in have General Pick as the Chief of Engi­ During the hearings before the Agri­ our State, arid therefore, I urge that the culture Subcommittee of the Appropria­ committee gi.ve serious consideration to this neers at this time. He is thoroughly request. familiar with the problems of the Mis­ tions Committee, I appeared personally souri River Basin. . He is coauthor of and urged the inclusion of funds for the Mr. CARLS0!-1. Mr. President, this the Pick-Sloan plan. co".ltrol of tributary watersheds . . comprehensive plan for flood control, Fourth, I wish to commend Michael Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ water runoff, and soil erosion was de­ Straus, the Commissioner of the Bureau sent that the statement I made before ·veloped after years of study. Thousands of Reclamation and the members of his the Subcommittee on Agricultural Ap­ of dollars . were spent and· volumes of staff for the prompt manner in which propriations of the Committee on Appro- . data were gathered. The best engineer­ they s~nt their representative into the priations be made f , part of the record ing talent of the world was consulted and tributary watersheds to evaluate the at this point. they put in concrete form the proposal damage caused by the recent floods. It There being no objection, the state­ which would place in operation struc­ is my hope that they will soon have ment was ordered to be printed in the tures which would forever remove the recommendations to present to Congress RECORD, as follows: · fear of flood. These plans are specific on proposed reclamation projects in STATEMENT BY SENATOR CARLSON BEFORE THE for each river basin. these flooded areas. These recommen­ SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE APPROPRIATIONS COM­ As I stated previously, a comprehen­ dations will be based upon information MITTEE ON ~\ GRICULTU "': AL APPROPRIATIONS sive and all-inclusive program has de­ secured as the result of the greater vol­ FOR THE N::IXT FISCAL YEAR veloped or is developing basic plans for Mr. Chairman, I appreciate very mui::h the the reduction of water runoff and ero-· umes of water that have flowed through opportunity of appearing before your com­ these tributary streams in the recent mittee and urging sufficient appropriations sion control through the Soil Conserva­ floods. for a program of soil conservation and the tion Service. These plans are a concur­ Recently, I wrote Hon. Oscar L. Chap­ source control of \.'ater runoff. rent work, vitally necessary in order to man, Secretary of Interior, and urged During my service in the House of Rep­ protect tributary watersheds, reduce that he make a request to the Bureau resentatives, I had the opportunity of help­ land loss, preserve our soils, and pre­ of the Budget for supplemental appro­ ing write legislation for a coordinated pro­ vent silting of reservoirs. F;ram of river-basin c!evelopment with mul­ There .is no difference of opinion be­ priations to commence some of the reser­ tiple-purpose objectives. voir projects on the Solomon and Saline This program especially emphasized the tween the various governmental agen­ Rivers. conservation of the productive-land re­ cies on the effectiveness of· this coordi­ The most destructive floods in the sources of a basin, and in addition to check­ nated program. With reservoirs and the history of the United States occurred ing erosion, dealt with the problem of con­ soil-conservation program ·floods can be during the months of June and July of trol of water runoff at its source. stopped. · It is my contention that there is a great Mr. President, one of the difficulties this year. It is" estimated that the total urgency that we intensify action on this flood damage in the States of Kansas program of erosion control and conservation and one of the serious problems in con­ and OkJ&homa ls in excess of $1,000,- work on the basis of distinct watersheds. I structing a reservoir is the hardships re­ 000,000. stress this program and development for the sulting from the dislocations of the own­ The devastation and destruction done reasons that- · ers of the property in the reservoir area. by these floods, through the loss of life 1. I~ is important that we intensify our It is regrettable that a large number and the loss of property, stands as a efforts to save topsoil; of farmers and citizens will be required 2. Every effort should be made to control to give up their land and homes in the m)nument to our failure to provide flood the flow of water at its source; control on these streams. 3. This program would have a direct bear­ reservoir area. A dam and reservoir During my service in the House of ing on the amount of floodwaters that cause must naturally be located in the fertile Representatives in 1938, at which time devastation in the valleys; and valleys of our State where we have some I was a member of the House Flood Con­ 4. It would reduce the rate of siltation in of our richest arid best soils. trol Committee, we prepared, and Con­ reservoirs that are already constructed, or Many of these farms have been in the being considered in the Missouri River Basiri. family for decades and sometimes for gress adopted, a general, comprehensive Kansas and many States in the Midwest plan for flood control and for other pur­ have suffered seriously from floods this generations. Under .these circum­ poses in the Missouri River Basin. This year. In many instances there have been stances, it means more than just farm recommendation on the part of our com­ flash floods on small tributary watersheds lands and buildings-it means that a mittee was .approved by Congress on which proved as disastrous to the very head­ home has been established which has June 28, 1938. waters of small stream.s as to our lai;ge rivers. been an important part of the economic 9856 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 13 and community life of that section and . mately equal to that which he is giving "pork barrel'' is not going to deter me of the State. ur. from working for and voting for a pro­ Generally speaking, these farms in the If some such provision could be writ­ gram that will protect our citizens from river valleys which will be flooded com­ ten into law or carried out by existing another disastrous flood . . prise farm units which have as a part authorities, it would do much to alleviate Our first problem, of course, is to take of their balanced agricultural operation one of the difficult problems in construct­ care of the needy and those who lost grass lands, which fit into the over-all ing a reservoir. their all in the flood. They must be re­ farm picture. When the bottom land is Great economic benefits can and will habilitated, the farms· must be returned removed from the farm unit which has come to the basin on the completion of to normal production, the factories must . furnished the feed and forage for live­ this program. be reopened. stock grazed on the grass lands, the During the past few weeks I have re­ Our second problem is to reconstruct value of the farm is destroyed. More ceived some letters urging me to oppose and rebuild the levees that were damaged than that, in most instances there is the expenditures of moneys for flood and destroyed and then construct reser­ great sentiment attached to these homes. cor.trol. Now everyone realizes that in voirs that will impound a large volume of It is the social unit that established and a period of national emergency when this water. · maintained the church, the school, and there is great need for national defense Had these reservoirs been constructed the home which is so vital in the life of money, we must economize; but I wquld in the recent flood the crest would have of any community or nation. be untrue to my trust if I voted to econ­ been several feet lower and the damage I can state very definitely that the omize on our own citizens and yet the materially reduced. dislocation of the homes and the destruc­ Congress voted millions of dollars for With one-third of the money lost in tion of these farms distress me ·greatly. flood-control and reclamation programs this flood, the river basins in Kansas We regret the loss of the production of in many foreign countries. would have had protection for decades these farms. But everyone must agree Let us keep the record straight. I am to come. • we cannot permit a recurrence of the for taking care of our own citizens first. Mr. President, on July 21, following the past floods if it can be prevented. Had we spent $300,000,000 in the State disastrous flood in Kansas, Senator Ar­ We must view the project, its benefits of Kansas for flood control, we would thur Capper, a former colleague and and effect on the entire economic picture not have had the $1,000,000,000 loss. Member of this body for many years, . of the State on a long-time basis. That expenditure to me would ·not only wrote a fine editorial known as· Farmer I have discussed the matter of land be sound, but would be a prudent invest­ Support for Basic Pick-Sloan Plan~ acquisition for proposed reservoirs in ment for the future. I can state very definitely and very Kansas with the Chief Engineers' office. I think I should mention that during honestly that no one in Kansas has been The Corps of Army Engineers has a real­ the past few years Congress has voted more devoted to the interests of the peo­ estate division within its own organiza­ money for the exact duplicate type of ple of our State than our former distin­ tion for the acquisition of lands needed flood-control programs for reservoirs and guished Senator Arthur Capper. In this for dam sites, rights-of-way and ease­ reclamation projects in foreign coun­ editorial he not only discusses the great ments. The personnel of the real-estate tries. Many of these are on a much damage done to our citizens in the Kan­ division in the various division offices has la:ger scale than proposed for our State. sas River Valley but over the entire State had much experience in dealing with The records show that we have been and states that it is with reluctance that this problem and has been advised by the spending hundreds of millions of dol­ he endorses and approves a program that -authorities in charge to keep in mind fa,rs for this type of program in French will dislocate many farm families. not only the actual loss sustained by Ir..dochina, Thailand, Italy, France, I want to assure you, Mr. President, these people, but also the problem that Greece, French Morocco, Dutch Guiana, that I share his views on this very diffi­ will be confronting them in securing a British Guiana, and Jamaica. The dis­ cult problem. new location. tinguished chairman of the Committee In reaching his conclusion to endorse I am urging that more consideration on Appropriations, the senior Senator the Pick-Sloan plan and urging appro­ be given the farmers who are to be dis­ frum Tennessee mentioned the fact that priations for the early commencement of placed in the reservoir area. For in­ we are about to carry on a great survey projects as proposed in that plan, he stance, if there is a railroad, a highway, and study in Burma. states: · a city, a cemetery or a public utility with­ If we are to continua to assist our for­ I will hold firmly to the opinion that in the in the boundaries of the proposed dam eign friends and neighbors, we must long run the true interest of the land and the site and reservoir, the government will make provision to protect and preserve people on the land, and in the cities, will be reestablish the facility in as good or our own economy. We cannot afford the best served by impounding surplus waters better condition than it was in the old continued loss and destruction of our nearest the points where the rain falls. site. It seems to me that the farmer soil, our homes, and our factories. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ should be entitled to the same consider­ During this debate no doubt someone sent that the editorial may be made a. ation. is going to come up with the old familiar part of my remarks at this point. I am going to make one suggestion. slogan "A Vote for Flood Control Is a There being no objection, the edito­ I do not know how practical it will be, Pork Barrel Vote." 'rial was ordered to be printed in the but it seems to me to be worthy of con­ During my service in the House of RECORD, as follows: sideration. I suggest that when funds Representatives the words "pork barrel" CAPPER ASKS FARMER SUPPORT FOR BASIC have been voted for the commencement were the rallying cry for those who would PICK-SLOAN PLAN of a reservoir and work is actually under oppose these expenditures. Tha answer, As I see it, the difference between a 32-foot way, the Government pay the farmers of course, is tha.t we have constructed a fiood stage on the Kaw at Topeka, and a 37- for their land at the earliest possible large number of flood-control projects foot stage, ls the difference between dikes for date, and that the farmer be given an in the United States and they have been protection on the one hand; and on the other and are paying big dividends. hand, dams and reservoirs such as Tuttle . opportunity to live on his place and re­ Creek on the Blue, Milford on the Republi­ ceive the benefits from it until the con­ I invite those who are going to shout can, and other dams and reservoirs to hold struction is complete. about "pork barrel" expenditures to visit back the diSastrous fioodwaters until the Under existing law, great acreages of the devastated flood areas in Kansas, danger stage :i:ias passed. the flood area in a reservoir are leased Missouri, and Oklahoma. They should I am using the Kaw Valley simply as an annually by the Corps of Army Engi­ see the desolate empty spaces where once example. The same holds true for other neers. The farmer who owned the farm stood the homes of thousands of our citi­ river valleys in Kansas that have overflowed, causing perhaps close to a billion dollars previous to the Government's taking it zens with all their worldly possessions. damage to industry and agriculture and over is given the first opportunity to They should see the destruction that was householders in the past few weeks. lease this land if he so desires. wrought to the railroads, the highways, It seems to me that it is only reason­ and the utilities in that area. They FOR PICK-SLOAN PLAN able to insist that the Government deal should see the destruction that was Faced with the probable alternative of a Missouri Valley Authority, my advice to the f airlY and most generously with these ·wrought in the great in.dustrial centers farmers of Kansas today is to go along with citizens. Not only that, I believe that the of those cities. the basic provisions of the Pick-Sloan plan. Government should, so far as possible, So far as I am concerned, the odium It is highly preferable, in my judgment, to relocate the farm~r on a site approxi- that might be attached to the words that alternative, the creatidn of a Missouri 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9857 Valley Authority that would give Washing­ will be best served by impounding surplus erations I have watched them meet and con­ ton life and death powers over agriculture, waters nearest the points where the rain falls. quer adversity with high courage and dogged business, industry, and labor in the entire CONSERVATION STILL NEEDED determination. area. The motto of the State of Kansas, "To the I have come to this decision with reluc­ Approved land and water conservation stars through difficulties,'' has been tested tance. The idea of putting 500 farmers off practices, contour farming and terracing; and proved through the better part of the their lane,!. in the fertile valley of the Blue farm ponds and numerous reservoirs of century since white men first came to settle River above Manhattan is most repugnant smaUer type than the mammoth Tuttle in the Flint Hills and on the prairies. to me. The loss of production of these fer­ Creeks and Milfords and such, still will be We will take this 1951 flood and its rav­ tlle .acres also is most regrettable. But the necessary. These will be necessary not only ages in our stride, and do the things neces­ devastation wrought by the recent floods to conserve the soil for production purposes, sary to prevent the wholesale devastation and but also to stave off as long as possible the cannot be p~rmitted to happen again, if hu­ suffering happening again. Another like it manly possible to prevent. accumulation of silt in the large-type reser­ may not come again in a half century-but voirs. VIEW ON DAMS there is no assurance that it might not come My heart goes out in sympathy to those · again next year, or any :·ear thereafter. If I could have my way, ·these big dams whose homes have been devastated by these So we must prepare for the worst-and and reservoirs would be constructed for flood catastrophic floods of 1951. The task of re­ prepare also to make the best of it, whatever control, but not coupled up with grandiose storing these homes to make them livable; happens. schemes for recreation, navigation, irrigation, the slime, the mud, the stench; the back­ and federally controlled electric power breaking, discouraging work · of getting the Mr .. CARLSON. Mr. President, the projects. job done in the distressful humid heat of Corps of Army Engineers has submitted a But the plans that have been drawn in the July and August in these river valley homes, list of the authorized and unauthorized past few years all seem to call for multiple­ towns, and cities-these try the souls of men proposed reservoir projects on the Kan­ purpose reservoirs. Federal funds can be ob­ and women almost beyond endurance, it will tained only for mu.ltiple-purpo\)e dams and seem. sas River watersheds, and I ask ·unani-· reservoirs. Without Federal funds, it is ex­ PEOPLE WILL MEET TEST mous consent to have it inserted in the tremely doubtful if adequate flood control But I know the people of Kansas, on the RECORD as a part of my remarks at this projects will be constructed. farms, in the towns, in the cities, in the point. I will hold firmly to the opinion that in homes. In my 86 years I have known them, There being no objection, the table was the long run the true interest of the land their fathers and mothers, their grandfath­ ordered to ·be printed in the RECORD, as and the people on the land, and in the cities, ers and grandmothers. Through three gen- follows:

KANSAS RIVER BASIN

Storage (acre-feet) Project Stream Estimated Appropriate cost to date · Flood control Irrigation Conservation Total

AUTHORIZED

Corps of Engineers: · ' 500,000 HarlanRed Willow County Reservoir Reservoir-.------______Republican. __ ------150, 000 200, 000 850, 000 $49, 897, 000 $46, 132, 400 Red, Willow Creek.------22, 000 15, 500 11, 000 48, 500 10, 017, 000 0 Pioneer Reservoir.·_------Arikaree.Smoky Hill _------·------______: ______73, 000 10, 000 26, 000 109,000 15, 700, 000 181, 000 Kanopolis Reservoir ______213, 000 187, 000 Tuttle Creek Reservoir ______Big Blue ______------50, 000 450, 000 12, 167, 000 12, 167, 000 1, 600, 000 495, 000 185, 000 2, 280,000 71, 573, 000 213, 100 Bureau of Reclamation: - Cedar Bluff Reservoir ______Kirwin Reservoir ______Smoky Hill_------230, 000 68, 600 53, 600 352, 200 20, 311, 000 15, 500, 000 North Fork, Solomon______105, 000. 80, 000 15, 000 200, 000 18, 155, 000 455, 000 Trenton Reservoir __ __ -----·------R epublican __ ------95, 000 45, 000 30, 000 170, 000 24, 165, 000 19, 887, '500 Medicine Creek Reservoir ______Medicine Creek______53, 000 25, 000 15, 000 93, 000 7, 157, 000 7, 000, 000 Norton (Almena) Reservoir ______Prairie Dog Creek ______------10, 000 Enders Reservoir______6,000 16, 000 11, 100, 000 0 Frenchman Creek______30, 000 34, 000 10, 000 74, 000 8, 409, 000 8,000,000 Wray Reservoir, Colo ______North Fork, Arikaree ______------7, 500 500 8,000 2, 410, 000 47, 200 Bonny Reservoir, Colo ______Republican______132, 000 35; 000 15, 000 182, 000 Glen Elder Reservoir ______15, 156, 000 13, 839,000 Solomon.------183, 000 171, 100 25, 000 379, 100 24, 273, 000 0 Webster Reservoir __ ------South Fork, Solomon______94, 000 150. 000 11, 000 255, 000 14, 881, 000 0 Wilson Reservoir ______-____ ---- Saline River------145, 000 224, 900 19, 000 388, 900 14, 869, 000 0 RECOMMENDED (H. Doc. 642, 81st Cong., 2d sess.) Corps of Engineers: Milford Reservoir.------Republican._------­ 700, 000 40, 000 740, 000 26, 143, 000 0 Perry Reseryoir. ------Delaware River.------187, 000 147, 000 26, 000 360;000 11, 697, 000 0

VERDIGRIS BIVER BASIN

AUTHORIZED Corps of Engineers: Fall River Reservoir ___ ------Fall River. ___ ------236, 000 27, 000 263, 000 $10, 722, 500 $10, 722, 500 Toronto Reservoir______Verdigris River._------·------171, 000 24, 000 195, 000 15, 000, 000 260, 000 Elk City Reservoir______Elk River______: ______263, 000 26, 000 289, 000 21, 030, 000 115, 000 Neodesha Reservoir.------Verdigris River. ,------"·------80, 000 10, 000 90, 000 14, 330, 000 125, 000

GRAND (NEOSHO) RIVER BASIN

AUTHORIZED Corps of Engineers: ' Council Grove Reservoir ______Neosho River ... ~------60, 000 25, 000 85,000 8, 240, 000 ll Marion Reservoir. __ ------Cottonwood River ______60, 000 30, 000 90, 000 6, 650, 000 0 Cedar Point Reservoir______Cedar Creek.------36, 200 18, 800 55, 000 5, 285, 000 0 Strawn Reservoir------Neosho River ______.______._ 322, 000 52, 000 374, 000 18, 445, 000 0

OSAGE RIVER BASIN

RECOMMENDED (H. Doc. 549, 81st Cong., 2d sess.) Corps of Engineers: 155, 000 26, 000 181, 000 $9, 076, 000 0 Pomona Reservoir.••••• :------­ 110Marais Mile des Creek.------Cygnes River ______Melvern Reservoir.------170, 000 28 000 198, 000 13, 000, 000 0 Garnett Reservoir ______Pottawatomie Creek·------­ 160, 000 26, 000 186, 000 9, 865, 000 0 Hillsdale Reservoir_------~-----­ Big Bull Creek. __ ------­ 77, 000 13, 000 90, 000 5, 924, 000 0 Fort Scott Reservoir.•------··----'---- Marmaton River.-----·----.:-----·------130, 750 6, 250 137, 000 10, 674, 000 0 9858 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 13 Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, the homes suffered major damage; and 13,- story of mental and physical agony that American National Red Cross furnished 715 suffered mirior damage. the citizens suffered. · · me statistics on the estimated property The 1,572 homes were completely de­ Mr. President, I ask ·unanimous con­ damage and Red Cross caseload as of sent to have the table inserted in the July 25, 1951. These figures were se­ stroyed. They were not there any more. It was my privilege to visit some of these RECORD as a part of my remarks at this cured from counties that suffered dis­ point. astrous flood losses. areas, and I saw beautiful residential There being no objection, the table 41,780 families were affected; 1,572 sections completely washed away. was ordered to be printed in ,the RECORD, homes were completely destroyed; 5 ,350 Of course, the statistics do not tell the as follows: · American National Red Cross-Statistics on ~stimated property damage and Red Cross case Zoad. Where no figures appear information is Zaeking as _of July 25, 1951

11 Number of Number of Registrations estl- Registrations esti- homes mated homes Number damaged Number damaged mated County and headquarters of Number County and headquarters of Number or chapter families of homes or chapter of homes destroyed families destroyed affected Total affected Total Major Minor To date registra- Major Minor To date registra- tions tions ------Kansas: Kansas-Continued Wyandotte County, Morris County, Coun- Kansas City ______cil Grove ______12, 500 850 650 1, 780 6, 500 7,000 500 2 15 300 66 Douglas County, Wabaunsee 75 Lawrence ______County, l, 100 60 225 220 500 650 Paxico.------180 10 55 115 49 Shawnee County, To- Leavenworth County, 70 "peka ... ______. ____ Leavenworth ______7,600 300 1, 500 2, 500 2, 750 3,200 125 7· 30 78 25 35 Franklin Gounty, Ot- JeffersonPerry______County, tawa ____ . _------_- _- 1,000 45 150 350 430 500 361 5 50. 300 100 Riley County, Man- Pottawatomie Coun- 175 •. 410 ty, Wamego ______hattan. ------2, 251 79 476 883 500 250 10 100 140 0 Geary County, June- Cloud County, Con- 50 tion City __ ------600 50 100 180 203 250 cordia ___ ------_ 100 0 15 80 24 30 Saline County, Salina_ 5, 700 0 115 2, 768 537 1,000 Ottawa County, Tes- cott ______LaBettesons ______County, Par- 750 0 20 650 28 50 505 5 200 300 43 105 Mitchell County, Beliot. ______----- Neosho County, Cha- 375 0 50 250 25 50 nute __ ------510 20 25 434 180 250 Lincoln County, Ber- Allen County, Iola ____ 1, 215 38 910 167 361 475 nard_ ------120 0 15 100 11 35 Woodson County, Barton County, Great Yates Center ______158 8 82 68 119 140 Bend.------150 0 0 10 0 Coffey County, Burl- 0 ington. ______Johnson County, 285 15 15 254 61 70 Olathe •••• __ -----••. 100 27 31 8 64 80 Miami County, Paola_ 1,000 30 . 200 500 149 200 Total. ______------Lyon County, Empo- 41, 780 1, 572 5,350 13, 715 13, 282 15, 979 · ria_ ------200 0 1 50 21 55 --- Oklahoma: ---= ---= == c~:~o~~~~is- ~~-t~- 700 10 45 90 147 230 Miamitawa ______County, Ot- Marion County, Ma- 1, 700 50 350 1,300 413 I, 300 1, 500 5 40 610 380 475 Nowata rion------Nowata ______County, Dickinson County, 60 0 2Q 60 15 1s Herrington ______._ 45 0 0 30 17 20 Dickinson County, Abilene ______1, 900 0 100 500 82 200

Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, Mr. Easy prey to floodwaters, farm fencing Emmett Womer, chairman of the State destroyed totaled 10,000 miles, and De- Badly Esti- Agriculture Mobilization Committee, has badly damaged fencing added another stroyed damaged mated furnished me with statistics showing the 12,000 miles, for a total cost of three (number) (number) hi~~it!~s flood loss to crops in Kansas in 82 of the and a half million dollars. ______,___ ------State's 105 counties to be $54,454,000. Livestock loss was not so heavy. It 1. Farm buildings de­ stroyed or badly According- to the information he sub­ totaled $829, 793, which included the loss damaged. mitted, the total fiood damage to er.ops, of 1,500 cattle, 1,033 sheep, 7,962 hogs, (a) Dwellings______244 3, 724 5, 841, 050 (b) Barns______455 3, 564 2, 308, 200 buildings, and equipment was $76,338,- and 256,000 poultry. (c) Grain storage 477. The survey shows more than 20,000 Flood loans will be sought by more buildings of the State's 137,000 farms were dam­ 20 7 than 4,000 farmers, Mr. Womer said. (d) oilie~-~~~11resident, I ask unanimous con­ D. How many livestock and poultry were lost in 2. About how many farmers will need disaster loans? sent to place in the RECORD an editorial flooded areas? 4,021. I wrote on July 17, 1951, at the request of Of this number how many loans will be for: Ed Chapman, editor of the Topeka State J·ournal. There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the REC­ $321, 250 Cattle less Wyandotte County ___ { ~: ~i~ 311, 250 (a) Crop production ______3, 055 $2, 860, 700 ORD, as follows: 1 49, 150 (b) Livestock and equip- LET'S LOOK AT THE RECORD AND Go To WORK Sheep less Wyandotte County ___ { f: ~~~ 28, 750 ment______1, 381 1, 907, 000 1 408, 613 (c) Buildings and fence Hogs less Wyandotte County ___ { Kansas has been called bleeding Kansas­ ~; ~~~ 228, 613 repair ______----- __ 1, 511 2, 937, 500 today that blood is the floodwaters spreading 276, 180 Poultry less Wyandotte County_ { ~~: 888 261, 180 overwhelming disaster and carrying with 3. Other needs: $545,400. them and lost forever a great wealth washed Total value of all livestock 4. Restoration of established conservation practices: from our land and from our cities. Kansas is traversed, blessed and cursed, by 1, ~~~t~~~---~=-~~~~~~~------{ ~~~: ~~~ Estimated great river watersheds-the Kaw, Arkansas, Amount cost of N,eosho, Verdigris, and Marais des Cygnes. repairs E. How much stored grain and roughage was lost in We have never fully accented the blessings flooded areas? and all too often we receive the curses. Each (a) Terraces, miles dam- of these streams is a constant flood hazard, Amount Estimated aged ____ -- ___ ----___ -- 251 14, 968 each has frequently left its banks to destroy lost loss (b) Stock water ponds, and lay waste. number damaged _____ 72 10, 325 (c) Diversion terraces, Fifteen years ago the Federal Government number damaged _____ accepted as a national duty the protection Wheat, bushels_------139, 020 $277, 840 279 21, 315 Corn, bushels______358, 280 552, 423 (d) Terrace outlets, acres bf its citizens from flood. It embarked on Other grains, bushels______155, 407 246, 807 damaged. __ ------634 44, 695 a program of construction which has caused (e) Erosion control dams, All bay, tons ______1_02_,_4_81_ __1_ ,_59_7_,_25_9 number damaged _____ 120 8, 625 many structures, dams, and walls to be built 1 across the country. The Government ac­ Total value of stored grain and roughage lost______------2, 674, 329 I. List damage to nonfarm businesses and facilities cepted this burden for several reasons, but serving farmers principally such as grain elevators, two are well worth reviewing. First, flood transportation facilities, seed and fertilizer dealers, and losses are total losses which take from the F. Total of estimated loss on farms in flooded areas packing plants. (List on separate sheet if necessary.) Nation wealth that can never be replaced, (add B, C, D, and E), $76,338,477. Section II. Nonfiood area report: and disrupt communities frequently in times H. How much emergency assistance will be needed in A. Farm information: of national stress such as we are enduring 1. Number of farms not in flood area·------~-- 115, 541 ~~1e~~ ~~~~iies not available locally but will be needed 2. Number of such farms damaged by excessive this year. Second, with a rapidly growing before Sept. 1, 1951. rain, bail, or wind ______100, 965 population, and hence an increasing need (a) Grains, bushels ______209, 700 B. How many acres of crops on these farms were for jobs and production-a program which (b) Hay, tons______1, 000 originally planted, completely lost or damaged by rain, will reduce preventable economic losses to · (c) Protein concentrates, tons______3, 975 hail, or wind? a miil.imum is a national must. Following that program, Kansas early ob­ Acres completely loss- Acres dam- tained t:1e money to build three small dams. aged but Estimated In addition, planning was initiated in each Acres will prob- loss in planted Prior to After ably be dollars of the flood ·basins to develop plans for pre­ June.1 June 1 harvested vention of future floods. These comprehen­ sive plans for flood control, water runoff, and soil erosion were developed after years of WheaL------12, 944, 041 2, 875, 918 I, 549, 837 5, 871, 579 107, 685, 278 91, 565 264, 583 611, 667 . 10, 368, 221 study. Thousands of dollars were spent and Oats------1, 048, 090 volumes of data were gathered. The best Corn_------2, 143, 899 6,40P 262, 228 1, 058, 333 11, 199, 544 Soy beans __ ------350, 315 350 57, 603 217, 957 3, 441, 773 engineering talent of the world was con­ Sorghum_------3, 679, 083 33, 208 822, 312 1, 305, 208 15, 857, 085 sulted and used to put in concrete form a 22, 600 104, 410 382, 964 7, 314, 620 36, 200 86, 275 262, 475 5, 358, 226 proposal which would put in operation, ±lla~it"ercl·o"Ps 1======l-~~-1-~~~ ----575; 533 · -1 -~~-1 -~~~-1--:---~--.-- structures that would forever remove the Total value of all crops lost______------192, 405, 779 fear of flood. These plans are specific for each basin. The Kaw will be made tame by means of C. How much emergency assistance will be needed on 4. Restoration of established conservation practices. 3 dams and 10 local protection projects to farms not in the fiood area? Estimated be built by the Corps of Engineers-several 1. Feed supplies not available locally that will be needed Amount cost of dams by the Bureau of Eieclamation will before Sept. 1, 1951: repairs provide waters for beneficial uses besides (a) Grains, bushels .• ------208, 500 holding future floods. (b) Hay, tons ______(a) Terraces, miles damaged 6, 335 $332, 940 (c) Protein concentrates, tons______2, 692 (b) Stock water ponds, The Neosho and Verdigris have similar number damaged ___ __ 3, 359 291, 925 plans and the Marais des Cygnes will also 2. How many farms will need disaster loans for crop (c) Diver sion terraces, have its impounding dams. production? Number, 5,008. Estimated amount, number damaged ____ _ 856 37, 775 (d) Terrace outlets, acres In addition, a comprehensive and all­ $3,692,200. damaged ______3. Other needs------· 7, 710 176, 475 inclusive program has or is developing basic (e) Erosion control dams, plans for the reduction of water runoff and number damaged ____ _ 1, 303 80, 475 erosion control through the Soil Conserva­ tion Service. These plans are a concurrent 1 List on back information for such crops as brome· grass seed, sweetclover seed, potatoes, etc. work, vitally necessary in order to protect 9860 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST l~ ' tri'butary watersheds, reduce land loss, pre­ years ago. It was due to his work that of Army Engineers secures titles, ease­ serve our soils and prevent silting of res­ some of the structures which have been ments, and rights-of-way, it will keep in ervoirs. completed were started. I have in mind There is no difference of opinion between mind the matter I mentioned earlier, the various governmental agencies on the particularly Smoky Hill, the Harlan Res­ namely, that in such circumstances a effectiveness of this coordinated program. ervoir in Nebraska, and other projects railroad or public utility or highway or With reservoirs and the soil conservation along the Republican River and the trib­ bridge is relocated without cost to the program floods can be stopped. utaries of the Kaw River. The Senator owner, and in being relocated it is con­ After a good start, Kansas has lagged in from Kansas can speak with conndence structed in as good condition, if not bet­ getting its work done. True, the lag in part and good conscience today, because he ter condition,' than that in which it was bas been caused by honest democratic de­ is not a Johnny Come Lately on the sub­ bate and delay. But while the debate has before being relocated. In view of that been intense--debate has never built a res­ ject of :flood control. situation, I contend .that the farmer is ervoir nor protected our valleys. Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, I ap­ entitled to the same consideration. It is imperative that we have action and preciate the fine remarks of the Senator Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. President, will have it now. The floods have not neglected from South Dakota. It was my privilege my colleague yield further? their opportunity and today Kansas is the to work with him in the House of Rep­ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. MoN­ recipient of sympathy from the Nation. resentatives for many years. Jointly we RONEY in the chair). Does the junior Congress has passed emergency legislation. worked on a program for complete con­ Foreign governments have expressed their Senator from Kansas yield to his col­ sorrow to our President. These well-mean­ trol of water runoffs. As I stated ear­ league? ing gestures will never bring back the lost lier, it is a coordinated program of soil Mr. CARLSON. I yield. lives nor the soil nor the homes or fac­ conservation, detention dams and reser­ Mr. SCHOEPPEL. I am sure that my tories. Nor will they prevent the same thing voirs. It is a complete program. The distinguished colleague knows that be­ happening again. distinguished Senator from South Da­ The time for work is here-in fact we are kota led the fight for many years for fore these projects are undertaken, they · away late. Let's forget our past arguments, the control of the tributary streams by are submitted to the governors of the let's get the job done-but fast. the construction of small reservoirs in respective States. I know that my col­ It is my firm conviction, after detailed league is familiar-with that situation, examination of the basic plans prepared the Case-Wheeler bill. Through the Bureau of Reclamation we have con­ because he was Governor of our State by the Corps of Army Engineers and tb:e of Kansas. So I am sure he realizes that Bureau of Reclamation, that if we work to­ structed one of those projects in Kan­ gether among ourselves and with the Fed­ sas, arid I am hopeful that we can get in Kansas we have been aware of this eral Government, in less than 10 years we other projects under way which will · situation. Let me say-if a personal ref­ can complete the necessary works. do much to control the fiood waters of ererice may be pardoned-that I recall Concurrently, our conservation districts the streams which feed large rivers. I that when I was Governor of the State working with the Department of Agricul­ am advised that had we had two or three of Kansas, in a number of cases I made ture · can complete those jobs necessary to reservoirs on the tributaries, the Saline a report to the State senate and house hold the soil on the land. When that is done of representatives, as ·provided by law, the fioods will work for us. Our erosion can and Soloman Rivers in Kansas, it would be reduced to negligible proportions, our have materially reduced the fiood waters and to the Army engineers; and in the towns and cities, our marketing centers, all in those streams. At least 20 percent report I pointed out that while gas lines, will be safe. of the fiood waters fiowed down those transmission lines, and telephone and We must never again have flood disaster . streams and added that amount of water telegraph systems are -rehabilitated, a . ln Kansas. to the already swollen flood waters. similar attitude and view are not taken Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. Pi:esident, will when private citizens are deprived of Senator yield? the Senator yield? their property. Mr. CARLSON. I yield. Mr. CARLSON. Yes. I think my colleague has brought out Mr. CASE. The distinguished junior Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. President, I an excellent point today, namely, the Senator from Kansas has certainly given wish to commend my colleague for the need for some type . of consideration on us a graphic picture of the results of fine approach which he has taken and the part of the Army engineers for those the fiood and the damage sustained by the information which he has set forth whose · property is taken, so that those the people in the disaster areas. He for the benefit of the Senate, especially who take the property may become aware has also shown a personal and intimate when we are considering this important of the great disparity which exists at knowledge of the Pick-Sloan plan and type of legislation. The Senator from times between establishing what is fair the proposals for the prevention of fu­ Kansas has referred most appropriately value when the owner of land in a val­ ture fioods. to one important matter, namely, the ley is deprived of his property, and es­ However, Mr. President, I wish to say proper amount of compensation which tablishing what is fair value in relocat­ to Members of the Senate that this is should be paid to those who must of ing the property of railroads, utilities, not a sudden conversion or show of in­ necessity su1fer the loss of their prop­ or similar property. terest in fiood control on the part of erties in the event the proposed dams I merely wish to say that I think the the distinguished Senator from Kansas. are built. I should like to ask my dis­ reference the distinguished junior Sena­ It was my privilege to serve with him tinguished colleague from Kansas if it tor from Kansas has made to this mat­ in the House of Representatives for a is not true that considerable difficulty ter will be most helpful to us in connec­ great many years, when he was a Mem­ has developed not only in our State of tion with reviewing the difficulties which ber of the Committee on Flood Control Kansas but in some of the surrounding have been visited on our State. They of the House of Representatives. The areas because of what would seem to be have been burdensome and heavy, but interest which the Senator from Kansas an inadequate amount of compensation certainly they could not have been shows today in fiood control he also paid to those who lost homes and farms anticipated. . evinced back in the days of the late which had been in their families for gen­ I join him in stressing the point that, tl.irties and early forties, when he served erations. inasmuch as we spend billions of dollars in the House of Representatives and Mr. CARLSON. My distinguished col­ for aid to other nations of the world, there had a great deal to do with the league from Kansas raises a point which and that aid comes out of the pockets of legislative enactments authorizing the causes everyone difficulty when it is un­ the taxpayers of our great country, projects which he is now supporting. · dertaken to secure land for dam sites or therefore we should see to it-and I join I mention the fact because when fioods for inundation in a reservoir area, and to my colleague in saying this-that some come and public interest is aroused, it acquire easements which are necessary of these funds are used in the areas is a nice thing for everyone to say, "This as the :flood waters fill the reservoirs. which have been devastated, so that we is something I am interested in." It is In our own state cases have arisen shall provide for the folks at home at a sort of bandwagon proposition. The which have caused many of us consider­ least as well as we do for those who live Senator from Kansa!, on the other hand, able ditliculty, and we have not been in-other countries. was interested in :flood control and in very happy about some of them. I am Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, I ap­ taking steps to prevent such damages sincerely hopeful that when the Corps preciate very much the comments of my 1951. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9861 colleague, the senior Senator from Mr. CARLSON. There is no doubt ~ittee thereof, is authorized and directed Kansas; who also served as Governor of that we must maintain a system which to conduct a full study and investigation will enable us to meet the needs of both of the International Boxing Club with the our State for a term of 4 years. Of view to ascertaining _whether by restrictive course, one who serves as .Governor be­ ourselves and of other peoples. · contract practices, or otherwise, such club comes well aware of the problems inci­ Mr. LONQ. I thank the Senator. is preventing or hindering the entrance or dent to the carrying out of a reservoir Mr. CARLSON. Before I conclude advancement of professional boxers in the program. He is especially aware of that Mr. President, I should like aigain to pay profession of b~xing, or otherwise fostering problem when he confers with the citi­ my respects to the able chairman of the unlawful restramts or monopolies, in pro­ zens of his State whose property is af­ Appropriations Committee [Mr. McKEL­ fessional boxing; whether or not the Inter­ fected by the program. My colleague LAR], for the very fine way in which he national Boxing Club, or any 0th.er person, ~rm, or corporation engaged in the promo­ has had some of the same experiences I has acted to take carE; of a flood which tion or management of national boxing have had. That is why I desired to call was practically over before he under- . events are in such control thereof as to this matter to the attention of the . took the hearings on this measure. deny or . preclude opportunity to all those Senate. Mr. MCKELLAR. I thank the Senator eligible the right to compete for the rtational I wish to say that, generally speaking Inasmuch as both Senators from Kan~ boxing title championship; and whether or and in the over-all view, the Corps of sas are present at this time, I should like not the people of the United States are Army Engineers does an excellent job in to say that in the committee we had this thereby denied full and unrestrained na­ tio~al competition for·national boxing titles. troub~e in connection with the hearings acquiring these lands. I believe the The committee shall report the results of Army engineers and their representatives on this matter: We had many witnesses such study and investigation to the Senate will deal justly with our citizens who will from what is known as the Turtle Creek at the earliest practicable date, together with be dislocated in the reservoir area. Valley, who wanted to have the plans its recommendations for such legislation or Mr. LONG. Mr. President, will the of the Army engineers followed in con­ other action as it deems necessary. Senator yield? nection with the building of a great dam there. · Locally, .there was the problem Mr. WELKER. Mr. President, it is Mr. CARLSON. I yield. my firm opinion that the boxing profes­ Mr. LONG. I wish to congratulate that many persons did not wish to be removed from their homes because of sion has lost the confidence and respect the distinguished Senator from Kansas of the American people, and that the on the able and learned address he has the construction of that dam. I can well understand that situation; it is natural boxing profession will disappear as a ma;de on the subject of ftood control. competitive art unless certain monop­ His address shows the enormous amount for a man not to want to be removed from his home. --Also, I understand that olistic practices are exposed and elim­ of thought and study which he has given inated. to this problem. the valley is a very beautiful one. How­ ever, the plan which was offered by the Never in history have all sports been Does not the difficulty we are :t.aving so carefully subjected to the searching with much of the ftood damage arise not other side cannot be followed, because we are obligated to follow the recommenda­ inquiry of the American people. We, so much because of the plan we are pur­ the American people, are a sports-loving suing but. because we have not had suf - tions of the head of the Corps of Engineers. people, and I hope that we shall always ficient funds with which to carry out so remain, but whenever the finger of the plans and build the dams? Is it not I wish to say to both the Senators from Kansas that in my judgment it suspicion is pointed at any sport that true that much of the damage which oc­ sport is certain to suffer, arid the athletes curred in the Senator's State might have would help tremendously if they would use their influence in Kansas to get that who engage in it win suffer. Therefore been avoided if the ftood-control projects I think it is 'reasonable to assume that which have been authorized had been situation corrected, because it is more or less a local situation and there should all sports must come clean and are do­ constructed, although for one reason or ing so. another their construction has been de­ be some means by whic,h the. owners of the property can be paid for the just In recent months we have had the layed many years? basketball scandal, with the subsequent Mr. CARLSON. The junior Senator and fair value of their property, of course. If that can be done, I think the investigations. We have had the in­ from Louisiana is absolutely correct. vestigation of baseball, which investiga­ Had this program been carried out Tu.rtle Creek Dam can be started very qmckly; I hope it can be started not tion is now under way on the other side several years ago, the water crest in the of the Capitol, and in recent days we .valleys would have been materially low­ long after we pass this bill . . Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President I have seen the scandal of. West Point, ered, and hundreds of millions of dollars which points the finger of suspicion at of loss would have been a voided. More­ thank the Senator from Tennessee' for his remarks. I wish to say that I had intercollegiate football. We have seen over, the water would have been held on the floor of the United States Senate back in the tributary streams of our the privilege of hearing the testimony taken by the committee, both the testi­ two able Senators, the Senator from State, instead ·of being poured into Connecticut [Mr. BENTON] and the Sen­ Arkansas and Louisiana. mony for and the testimony against this particular proposal. I, too, am hopeful ator from Arkansas [Mr. FULBRIGHT], Mr. LONG. Is .it not also true that it that there can be developed a program advccate the abolition of intercollegiate is poor economy to attempt to save which will bring about a realization of football in our service institutions. money by too ·stringently withholding the need for the construction of the Mr. President, it is my firm opinion money for ftood control, with the result rese~voir, as well as the need for the pro­ that all the sports heretofore mentioned that while we are waiting for the con­ tect10n of the people in the valley. are much cleaner, much more whole­ struction of the flood-control projects, some and more competitive than · the we suffer enormous damage because of INVESTIGATION OF INTERNATIONAL professional sport of boxing as con­ BOXING CLUB floods, such as the billion dollar damage ducted today. In the resolution I have to which the Senator has just referred? Mr. WELKER. Mr, President, on be­ sent to the desk, I have asked that the Mr. CARLSON. That is absolutely half of myself and my distinguished Committee on the Judiciary make a full correct. Once a reservoir is bµilt, it pro­ friend and colleague, the junior Sena­ study and investigation of th~ Inter­ tects the valley for many decades. tor from my neighboring State of Wash­ national Boxing Club, to ascertain Mr. LONG. Mr. President, if the ington [Mr. CAIN], I ask unanimus con­ whether it has been engaging in vicious Senator will yield further, let me say sent to submit for appropriate reference monopolistic contract practices, and that one of our committees is consider­ a resolution. whether it has, in fact, by such monopo­ ing a bill calling for the appropriation of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without listic practices, brought profecsional $8,000,000,000 for arms and economic aid objection, the resolution will be received boxing to near ruin, to the detriment of for other sections of the world. If we and appropriately referred. the profession and many of the boxers. are going to continue to shoulder the The resolution professional boxing business in almost cient to meet our own needs as well as Resolved, That the Committee on the every major city in the United States. the needs of other peoples? Judiciary, or any duly authorized subcom- It has nearly a wide-open field in the 9862 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 13 handling of championship contest~nts, top-flight fighter who can match that about the Matthews victory over Mur­ and as a result of the monopoly it exer- record. phy, and that in July the master minds cises over contestants, promotors and A few years ago Harry Matthews was of the boxing game-the International managers, the boxing profession has taken over by Jack Hurley, a gentleman Boxing Club--set up another one of its reached a new low, to a point where it I know by reputation only as one of the "house" fighters, Jake LaMotta, in the is ruined in the eyes of most of the most respected and honest managers in ring with Murphy, with the winner again American people. We have the shock- the prize-fighting profession. Under the to meet Maxim for the light-heavy­ ing example, if you please, of fighters able leadership of Mr. Hurley, Harry weight championship of the world. So owned and controlled by the Interna- Matthews has won 24 out of 24 prize on August 22 the red-blooded fight fans tiortal Boxing Club, who have long since fights, 19 of which were by knockout and · of America will see an injustice perpe­ passed the peak of their fighting ability, 5 by decision. trated upon them when they pay to see and who stumble and wrestle with an . Mr. President, on March 2, 1951, I or listen to the Murphy-Maxim fight, opponent in a flimsy exhibition ·of the proudly watched my friend, Harry because in honesty and justice, in· fair­ art of -self-defense, in an attempt· to M~tthews, by television, as this country ness and decency, the match should be· achieve the world's championship, the boy from Idaho came into the famous Matthews versus Maxim. highest honor that a professional boxer Madison Square Garden in New York I am mindful of the fact, Mr. Presi­ can obtain. - to fight one of the leading prize fight- dent, that we have very serious matters Only last month, Jersey Joe Walcott ers in the light-heavyweight division, in this Nation much more important received his fifth chance for the heavy- "Irish" Bob Murphy. Many thousands than boxing, baseball and what-not, but weight championship of the world. He of tickets were sold and this fight was are we, as Senators, going to sit idly by was successful; and I always was an ad- billed that the winner would meet and permit a monopoly to exist right in mirer of his, since he was always the Joey Maxim for the world champion­ our faces, and permit one of the greatest underdog. He is a man either 39 or 40 . ship. Mr. President, Harry Matthews of American sports to deteriorate and to years of age, the oldest champion-elect met "Irish" Bob Murphy, on that date, go into disrepute? I am a .great be­ in the history of the heavyweigM divi- and decisively whipped him, and I think liever in competition, both physical and sion. I am wondering how many boxing the decision was overwhelming. In fact, mental, and I have had a great deal of fans would pay $20 to see our present I remember that one judge voted 8 to 2. satisfaction over engaging in and fol­ champion go into the ring aga.inst the Mr. "Irish" Bob M\lrphy, the defeated lowing the prize-fight profession since I past illustrious champion of the world gladiator, fights most generally for the was a youth. Therefore, I say that it is and credit to the boxing game, Joe Louis. International Boxing Club, and not- my duty to be interested in America to Where are the young fighters who can withstanding the fact that he was beaten the extent that I shall attempt to ex­ better represent the fistic champions in all over the ring in Madison Square pase this vicious monopolistic practice the rfag today What has happened to Garden on the night of March 2, the which is handled by the International all of this material that we have been fact re:-nains that Harry Matthews lives Boxing Club. I realize, and I have been developing in gymnasiums all over the now in his adopted home in Seattle, told, that it is all-powerful, that it con­ world and in our different universities? Wash., picking up a fight and win­ trols the boxing profession, and that I Why has it been on the decline, and why ning a fight wherever he can find one: will be wasting my time to sponsor this are we forced to watch boxing matches but the man he so overwhelmingly de­ resolution. That may be true, Mr. Presi­ which are arranged by the International feated in March of this year, "Irish" dent, but I assure the International Box­ Boxing Club, boxing matches which put Bob Murphy, due to the monopoly and ing Club that it will promote honest together two men who are no longer in the restraint of trade that International competitive fights or I shall ask the rea­ their prime and who give us, in my opin- Boxing Club holds over professional son why, as long as I ain in public life. ion, a second-rate performance, to say fighters, the man who was whipped and The International Boxing Club is never the least? beaten, instead of Harry Matthews, is going to be permitted to squeeze Harry Mr. President, I will tell you where the getting the chance at the world's cham­ Matthews or any other athlete out of men are, and I will give you one living pionship against Joey Maxim. the laurels that are his, by virtue of its example of the huge monopoly that is Mr. President, the people of the en­ monopoly so long as I have a voice in practiced by the International Boxing entire West, where champions are rare, the Senate of the United States. I hate Club in its complete monopoly of the able are asking what happened to Harry little vicious cliques that band together fighters of this Nation. "Kid" Matthews. Why is he not being tO buy this or that piece of someone, and Harry "Kid'' Matthews is an Idaho given the chance for the world's cham­ who then control the destiny of not only product-as much an Idahoan as Wil- pionshiP-the chance that he earned one prize fighter but the destiny of most liam E. Borah, as Idaho potatoes, or as by honest athletic endeavor and the championships in our Nation. It Sun Valley. Harry Matthews was born chance that was promised to him? Mr. amounts to :flesh peddling and it has no in Idaho 28 % years ago. I knew him President, not only the people of the place in America, especially in a highly when he was merely a child growing up West, but the people of this Nation are . competitive field such as boxing. So I in my neighboring towns of Ola and Em- asking that same question. Some 25,­ ask the Senate of the United States, mett, Idaho. I saw him in one of his 000,000 spectators through television and What constitutes monopoly? Is not the first fistic encounters. From that time, radio saw my Idaho friend go to the International Boxing Club operating in I knew his destiny was fame in the pro- heights that no Idahoan has ever restraint of trade with interstate prod­ fessional ring. I watched him grow from achieved in boxing. Some 25,000,000 ucts when such athletes as Harry Mat­ a small boy to the greatest uncrowned people ask: "What happened to Harry thews are refused a chance at the cham­ champion in the United States. I see "Kid" Matthews?" and my answer to pionship of the world when it has been everything in Harry Matthews to admire. those 25,000,000 people is that because promised to him, and which he has rich­ He is a fine family man and a devout Harry "Kid" Matthews is not owned and ly earned? Christian. He was a combat soldier in controlled by the International Boxing I want the Committee on the Judiciary, World War II, and distinguished him- Club-because he refuses to sell a share or some other committee, to ascertain self and the Nation he fought for. As I here and share there of his body to pro­ why he was refused that fight. Was it stated a moment ago, he is a professional fessional racketeers-Harry Matthews is because he would not agree to sign a boxer, one whom I proudly call my left at the station, and right at the peak long-term contract with the Interna­ friend. He has the amazing record of of his career he is denied the champion- tional Boxing Club, or was it because he 94 professional bouts. Of these, Harry ship fight that was promised to him. refused to sell a share of his body and his Matthews has won 53 by knockouts, 32 Yes, I say this: that the International talent to certain of the men closely iden­ decisions, and 6 having ended in draws. Boxing Club has with premeditated de­ tified with this club? Mr. President, the My friend, Harry Matthews, has in his sign attempted to bypass the ability of American people are demanding these entire career been defeated only 3 times. Harry Matthews. I say, that after Mur­ answers, and not just the Senator from I should tell my friends and this Nation phy was decisively beaten by Matthews, Idaho. · that this distinguished American has Murphy was fed, by the International I am mindful of the accusations which won his last 59 consecutive bouts, and I · Boxing Club, a series of small fights might be made against me, that I am ask anyone in this Nation to compare a around the country untU fans forgot doing a job of assessment work for my 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9863 friend, Harry Matthews; but I wish to Assemblyman Maloney, of San Fran­ IBC promotion where television will keep say to the Senate that I am not alone cisco, father of the bill, and George D. down the gate, things have changed in recent .in my demands for a full and complete ColUns, cosponsor, declared: weeks. The banning of television in IB-C promo­ examination of the International Box­ We aim at breaking the fistic monopoly of ing Club and of its treatment of Harry tions until the October indoor season con- . the New York club, the IBC, which recently tracts get under way for another year, Matthews. My distinguished friend and ·received a fat share of the $95,000 receipts of should be considered favorably by Hurley, colleague from the great State of Wash­ the Andy Walker against Joe Louis fight in even though a bout with Maxim would be ington will soon address the Senate on San Francisco and the Charles-Pat Valen­ staged after the new.contracts begin. his observations of the treatment which - tino mill. In each case, the promoter, Bill Kyne and later Kyne and Jim Murray, gave If Matthews should beat Maxim, he would Harry Matthews, who has adopted resi­ come in for the big dough in future fights dence in his State, has received. either a guaranty or a percentage to the IBC. and that would be ample recompense for Mr. President, how do the prize-fight Is. this matter serious? I read a settling his feud with Jim Norris. The people of America feel when they pick United Press dispatch from Seattle, !BC needs Matthews as much as Harry and Wash., on August 9 that the Attorney Hurley need the International Boxing Club up the August 1951 issue of Ring maga­ and since boxing involves business, it is up to zine, whose president and editor is Nat General of Washington, Smith Troy, was H:urley to quit fighting the International Box­ Fleischer, who writes on page 20 of the preparing a suit against International ing Club. August issue as follows: Boxing Club over its treatment of Harry Norris is fooling no one when he says. Now that Joey Maxim has proved that he Matthews. Matthews can come into the Garden at any is a far better light-heavyweight than he is Mr. President, I ask my colleagues to time and that he also is being considered a heavy, he .should settle down to business listen again to what the leader of box­ for a winter title match. That will never and give those in his division who have ing in America, Nat Fleischer, has to say happen unless Hurley and Jim get together. qualified as challengers, a chance to fight in part: Many years have elapsed since such a field for his crown. The outstanding men in the of excellent light-heayyweight talent has ap­ Now Joe and Floyd are brothers in arms peared in world boxing. Moore, for a num­ division are Archie Moore and Harry Mat­ with Jim Norris (of the· International Box­ thews. ber of years our number one contender; ing· Club) and they've made good their boast Matthews, Murphy, Cockell, Harold Johnson, Each has been clamoring for a champion~ with vengeance. They haven't broken the ship bout and each continues to keep in and Don Bucceroni-it's been a long time monopoly, but they have cornered the market sinc·e such men have graced the top sector the fisti.c spotlight as .a contender. If box­ on world title bouts and other major contests. ing commissions throughout our country of the division. Here's the chance of a life­ were more alert and stopped playing poli­ Mr. President, in the September issue time for a big time promotion and Norris tics in an effort ·to get lucrative contests of Ring magazine for· 1951 this great and Hurley should make the most of it. for their territory, Maxim long ago would leader and writer of boxing in America In conclusion, Mr. President, there is. have been forced to defend his crown or has this to say, and I quote from page 16 very little else that I · can say. I have vacate it. The same was true of Ike Wil· liams, who was recently deposed by James of Ring magazine: given the Senate a word picture of the· Carter. Following Murphy's victory an announce­ monopoly as exercised by the Interna­ · Dodging legitimate challengers is a pas..: ment was made by Jim Norris, of the Inter:.. tional Boxing Club. If this resolution is time that is engaged in by most champions natiohal Boxing Club, that in a conference adopted I want the committee not only. but it wasn't that way before boxing be­ with Doc Kearns, manager of Maxim, an to investigate the International Boxing came · a huge ·commercial business. .... We agreement was reached to have Maxim de­ Club but _any other person, club, or would like to see Maxim defend his crown fend his light-heavyweight crown against commission that rears its ugly . head against Harry Matthews since he and Jack· either Murphy or Bob Satterfield in August in competitive boxing and seeks to as-· Kea.rns, his manager, declare that Moore in New York. sert monopolistic control over the box-· is no drawing card. At least Matthews is, · No mention of the most deserving chal­ and that's more than can be said of Maxim ·lenger, Matthews, was made until one of the ing profession. Let us not waste our and Charles as attractions in their recent scribes asked about Jack Hurley's great fight­ time by mere perfunctory examination fight. Had Matthews instead of Maxim been er. Norris declared that he had offered Mat­ but let us get to the meat of the boxing pitted against Charles, I'd be willing to thews several opponents in New York, De­ profession that we have seen fall into wager dollars to doughnuts that at least troit, and Chicago. Each had been turned disrepute in recent years. There must twice the gathering would have been present down, but the door was not locked. be a reason. American youth still loves for such a contest with a gate of upward of "If he wants to fight for the IBC and is to fight for prizes and for wealth, but $150,000. willing to accept our terms, we are ready to talk business," said Norris. One could read we now have seen the boxing profession. Matthews is the logical man for Maxim.• go down to a point where our athletes He rates above Bob Satterfield and should getween the lines that Matthews had been be given first crack at the crown. He can pushed ~side to make way for the man whom are old, and not real champions. They box. He can punch. He has a fighting heart he beat. have served their time and they can be and is most colorful. He's an excellent This is unjust and unsportsmanlike in completely defeated if they are given a drawing card who would do well against boxing, as in all other sports. I hope sports­ fight with a youthful competitor. We either Maxim or Charles but it's Joey he's manship still rules. Matthews has earned a have seen the contestants owned, oper­ after and not. Ezzard. title shot. He is a scientific boxer and tre­ mendously powerful hitter. He proved his ated, and controlled by clubs and indi­ It's too bad that a fighter like Matthews worth in beating Murphy. viduals who control the entire boxing is kept on the side. lines by the International I'm certain that if it were left to Bob, the business. This must stop. Baseball, as Boxing Club while lesser lights who cannot Irish lad would stand aside to let his con­ it is being investigated on the other side draw half as well are given preference be­ queror try his hand against Maxim and then of the Capitol at this moment, is a cause of protective measures. The IBC ap­ take his chance on meeting the winner. . parently cannot handle Matthews' manager, wholesome, clean profession beyond dis­ Matthews, more than even our No. 1 rated grace and will ever rest upon a high the colorful Jack Hurley, and that's the light heavyweight, Archie Moore, has earned reason for shunning Matthews. level because baseball itself cleaned the right to a championship match. He is house. Boxing has failed to clean house. In California, a bill has been intro­ entitled to it more than is Murphy. The public will come out for a Murphy­ I have told the Senate the story, as I duced in the assembly aim~d specifically Maxim fight ·because of their hero worship, know it, about !BC and Harry Mat­ at the International Boxing Club and its but they'll do the same to see Jack Hurley's thews. Senators can see what it has control of most champions and top­ man tackle Maxim. The fair thing is to give done to the light-heavyweight division ranking fighters. The measure would Matthews first crack at Joey, then let Murphy of professional boxing. - I am sure other prevent any fight promoter or fight club have a second try at Harry if Matthews suc­ which controls or holds an interest in ceeds in winning the crown. . Senators are familiar with ·many other a boxer from being allowed to "share That's the squarest way of handling the contestants who have been foreclosed or participate in promotion of a prize ·light-heavyweight problem. If the NBA and the right to go to the top of the ladder New York commission want to help an hon­ in the competitive field of boxing. fight in California." The State Athletic est, honorable fight manager, Jack Hurley, Commission would be prohibited from I trust that the resolution will be the and an equally honorable fighter, get their effective means of completely airing the issuing a license for any fight in which just dues, they should use their good offices any agent other than the manager of to obtain the title bout for Matthews. story of monopoly in boxing. the boxer received a share of the latter's Though Hurley has declared that he will Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, as t.he co­ purse. never again appear in the Garden or any sponsor of the resolution which has just 9864 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 13 been submitted by the distinguished Sen­ Championship boxing bouts in recent Jacobs, and the referee was imported ator from Idaho [Mr. WELKER], I wish to years have not always been conducted in from New York. submit some views. a manner to inspire the youth of Amer­ It may be recalled that when Joe Louis In recent days a considerable amount ica. Champions have not always con­ and Billy Conn, both men then being of interest has been snown by several ducted themselves in a manner described in the Army, offered to box for the benefit Members of the Congress and a number by the simple dictionary explanation of of war charities, the offer never ma­ of sports-minded lay persons in the pos­ the word "champion." terialized because the New York pro­ sibility and desirability of an investiga.. I can best illustrate this viewpoint by moter, Mike Jacobs, insisted upon col­ tion of professional boxing by appropri­ describing several examples. Among lecting from the gate receipts a certain ate committees of the Congress. boxing students and authorities, it is gen­ sum of money which Jacobs claimed On August 6, Representative L. GARY erally conceded that Harry Matthews of Joe Louis owed to him. How Mr. Jacobs CLEMENTE, of New York, submitted a res­ Seattle, Wash., is an outstanding could have maintained this attitude in olution to investigate the professional light-heavyweight challenger, who is the face of a New York statute I do not sport of boxing. The resolution was re­ presently being denied an opportunity to know. This statute says in part: f erred to the House Rules Committee. fight for the championship of his class. No corporation shall have, either directly On August 10 my colleague, the senior Within a few days, Joey Maxim the light­ or indirectly, any :financial interest in a Senator from Washington, submitted a heavyweight champion, will defend his boxer-competing on premises owned or resolution to pursue the same inquiry. title against Irish Bob Murphy. The leased by a corporation or in which such This resolution was referred to the Sen­ latter has been very successful in the corporation 1s otherwise interested. ate Committee on Interstate and Foreign past several years and is likely to defeat The value of professional boxing ought Commerce. the champion who has fought, but sel­ to be weighed objectively as a national Some 2 weeks ago the attorney gen­ dom in recent years--and when he did, sport, stressing the sports contribution eral of the State of Washington, Mr. he did it not very well. It happens that to the combat-mindedness of our Na­ Smith Troy, stated publicly that he was Matthews and Murphy fought not long tion, for this combat instinct cannot be going to request the Attorney General of ago and the announced understanding fostered in a Nation by means of canasta the United States, Mr: J. Howard Mc­ was that the winner would be matched and croquet. Grath, to undertake an investigation of against the champion. Matthews com­ While ·such great sports as football professional boxing. pletely outclassed Murphy in every way. and baseball teach the tremendous value It has been requested by the Senator For reasons which the Congress ought to of team play as applied to every walk of from Idaho [Mr. WELKER] that the reso-· determine the understanding was not life, boxing produces characteristics and lution he has offered today be referred to carried out, and Murphy is now being values peculiar to that strenuous sport. the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. given a chance to win a great title, while Boxing teaches the will to stand alone The resolution directs that a full study Matthews, acknowledged to be Murphy's and to fight alone without the help of and investigation be made of the Inter­ superior in every respect, is being denied team mates who will block out a tackle national Boxing Club. the chance which he has earned com­ or advance a base runner by a sacri­ The several resolutions in question and pletely. fice bunt. There come times in the lives all of the interest in the several resolu­ I wish to say, Mr. President, as the of all of us, and most particularly in tions are directed to the same end. It is Senator from Idaho has said, that Harry the lives of those who serve in uniform hoped that some appropriate committee Matthews is a product of the sovereign under fire, when we must stand alone and of the Congress will endeavor to deter­ and illustrious State of Idaho. However, :fight it out alone. In preparation for mine if qualified and talented profes­ Harry Matthews has lived as a constitu­ such an emergency, boxing teaches one sional prize fighters are being denied ent of mine in the State of Washington not to quit when the going is rough and opportunities to compete for champion­ for some time. Along with every other tough. Military leaders stress the value ships in the various boxing classes. Cer­ sports-minded citizen in the State of of boxing as the basis of hand-to-hand tainly the junior Senator from Idaho and Washington, I share in the pride which conflict. The man who knows the cor­ the junior Senator from Washington the State of Idaho has for a very splendid rect block, side-step, and counter will have no particular pride of authorship and vigorous young American. instinctively employ the correct tactics in the resolution which has been sent to Archie Moore, of Missouri, is another whether the opposition be a fellow wear­ the desk today. We will gladly assist and outstanding example of an outstanding ing boxing gloves or an enemy armed testify before any committee of the Con­ challenger for the light heavyweight with knife or bayonet. gress which may undertake the study of title who has been denied the ·oppor­ professional boxing which is desired. tunity to fight for the championship of This. is not to say that only graduates It seems to me that the presentation his class. It is my understanding that of the prize-fight ring make good hand­ of professional boxing which, through Archie Moore has now reached the point to-hand fighters, but it does stress the the medium of television, is viewed in where he is over the hill, and on the other value of boxing tactics, which are im­ millions of American homes, is in need side, on his way down to oblivion, after pressed upon all of those who witness of a complete and thorough congres­ having been an outstanding contender boxing bouts. sional study to determine whether, for years, and always denied an oppor­ Professional boxing is not the sole through illegal or questionable promo­ tunity to win a championship match. property of promoters or groups of pro­ tional or managerial monopoly, or both, I have often heard it said by those ;.n moters. The sport belongs to the Amer­ ican public, which has the right to ex­ the American public is being deprived of the sport who ought to kno~.v that many pe:;..·formance by the best available talent a good boxer, who is ably managed, is pect the best presentation of the sport, and whether outstanding talent is being prevented from getting his foot inside and ought not to be subjected to a shunted aside regardless of proven quali­ of the door until he "cuts in" part of forced diet of mediocre, second-, or fications in the interest of other less able his managerial f.ees to some member of third-best boxing bouts when better talent controlled by promotional or man­ a New York managerial monopoly. I do bouts are available. agerial monopolies, or both. not know how much truth there may be For many years the boxing commis­ The mission of professional sports, in­ in this contention. A competent con­ sions of the various states of the Union cluding boxing, is that of playing an im­ gressional inquiry would determine the have been banded together in the Na­ portant part 1n the American sports pic­ facts. tional Boxing Association. Its member­ ture by stressing the value of competi­ On Wednesday of this week Joe Louis ship included commissions from foreign tion, which has already contributed will box Jimmy Bivins in Baltimore. countries as well as from municipal greatly to the good of our country, and­ This bout will be promoted by the Inter­ commissions. A total of 86 boxing com­ by setting examples of the highest ideals national Boxing Club, which many know missioners belong to the National Boxing of sportsmanship, as well as proving the as the Madison Square Garden of New Association. value of physical fitness. York. I remember that when Joe Louis It· is a singular fact that New York In these premises, it is thought by boxed Tom Roper in Los Angeles some has constantly declined to join this some of us that professional boxing is years ago the bout was promoted by Mike "Union of States" formed in the int.er­ presently maintained on a level far be­ Jacobs, of New York. Wt~en Joe Louis est of sportsmanship, uniformity, coop­ low the normal principles and ideals of 'Qoxed Buddy Baer here in Washington eration, and control. The National Box­ sportsmanshir that contest was promoted by Mike · ing Association will hold its thirty-first 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9865 annual convention in Chicago next hope that many other persons will soon did on the problems which were of direct month. I have been told by some of its become familiar with the subject. concern to him, particularly with refer­ officers that the problems to be discussed Fundamentally, our only ambition is to ence to some floodways. We sat in in that convention are the same ones see that every qualified American has hearings day after day, week in and which concern me now and will be of the opportunity to fight for the cham­ week out, and month in and month out. concern to any committee of the Con­ pionship of his class. It is a good thing, It was very educational. I know of no gress which undertakes a study of pro­ in a personal way, for the two Senators one who took a greater personal interest fessional boxing in America. It goes from Washington and the Senator from than did the Senator from Arkansas in without saying that the National Box­ Idaho to conspire, as it were, for the the problem of ftood control, i::iot only as ing Association will cooperate in any success and happiness of an individual, affecting the streams which ftow across investigation which may be undertaken Harry Matthews, whom we know and his State, but in the problem of flood by any committee of the Congress. respect, and who happens to have been control throughout the Nation. It was I have gladly joined with the Senator brought up in our part of the Northwest. a privilege ·~o work with him during from Idaho in urging that the Congress CIVIL-FUNCTIONS APPROPRIATIONS, 1952 those years, as it is pleasant to be asso­ undertake an investigation of profes­ ciated with him again in this work in sional boxing. There are few among us The Senate resumed the consideration the Senate. who ever have been a part of profes­ of the bill (H. R. 4386) making appro­ priations for civil functions administered Mr. McCLELLAN. I thank the Sen­ sional boxing. We may have little ap­ ator from Kansas. I remember those preciation of or sympathy for this sport. by the Department of the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1952, and for days when he and I were members of the That, however, is not what now concerns Committee on Flood Control in the us. For as long as professional boxing other purposes. House, and my association with him at is a legitimate sport we must make as Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, I wish to make a fow comments regarding that time was very pleasant, just as it certain as we can that every qualified has been in the Senate. I recall that tighter is given a chance to compete for the pending bill. As a Member of the he and I were both struggling along with the championship, and that monopolis­ Appropriations Subcommittee on Army this new responsibility, and were trying tic control does not prevent the Ameri­ Civil Functions it has been my privilege to learn something about it and get our can public from witnessing the best to attend practically all of the hearings bearings. It was there that I got the matches which can be arranged. It is which were conducted on the pending initial concept of the great economic po­ because of this reasonable opinion that appropriation bill. The hearings began tentiality of our national water re­ I have joined with the Senator from on the 28th of June and continued until sources. Idaho and with other interested parties July 30. During that time the commit­ From that time on I have been a strong · in urging that an appropriate commit­ tee was in session both mornings and advocate of flood control to protect our tee of the Congress undertake a thor­ afternoons of most days. I do not know soil, our valleys, and the inhabitants ough examination of the health and pro­ the exact number of witnesses whom the of the valleys and their property, and cedures of professional boxing, committee heard, but it was in excess of I have realized also, as I now realize Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, 100. There were hundreds of others more keenly than ever before, the great will my colleague yield? who manifested interest in and support · economic resources and potentialities Mr. CAIN. Certainly. of the. bill by their presence. They were which we have and which we can de­ Mr. MAGNUSON. With my col­ not merely people from Washington. velop from the great natural resource, league's permission and the permission They were people from practically every water. of the Senator from Idaho I should like State in the Union. They were people Mr. President, I believe the State of to join in the sentiments expressed here who live in areas which have flood con­ Arkansas has as many miles of naviga­ today during the presentation of the trol problems, or have need of water con­ ble rivers as any other State in the facts on this subject. servation, or have great potentials of Union, if not more. Therefore, we have Mr. President, I have no pride of hydroelectric power, which, when de­ tremendous flood-control problems. I authorship in the resolution which I veloped, would strengthen the economy may say that most of that mileage is in have prepared. I have been thinking in those sections of our country. · rich, fertile valleys. In the upper re­ about this subject for some time, be­ When I first became a Member of gions of some of the tributaries there is cause of my long friendship with Mr. Congress, in 1935, I had little knowledge a hilly section and a small mountainous Hurley, with whom I grew up in Min­ and very little interest in flood control, area, where there is not much land that nesota. Also, the individual about river and harbor, and water resources can be developed for cultivation. In that whom we are talking comes from Idaho development. Prior to the time that I area we have the potentiality of great and the Pacific Northwest, and now campaigned for Congress in 19:l4 the hydroelectric resources. As we construct resides in Seattle. principal flood I had heard of was the those dams we not only develop the Approximately 4 or 5 days ago I re­ one for which Noah had built his ark. power which will repay the cost of con­ ceived a letter from the attorney gen­ When I got into the campaign I found struction,· but we build multipurpose eral of the State of Washington. I then that my district extended down the dams, which make great contributions directed my staff to prepare a resolu­ Arkansas River to its mouth and to the to flood control in the rich alluvial val­ tion. It so happened that it was ready Mississippi River. There was a very leys, and make it possible, along with for submission at the same time the acute flood control problem in that par­ levees, cut-offs, and other improvements, Senator from Idaho and the Senator ticular area at that time. A proposal to fully protect those valleys and enable from Washington evidenced a similar was pending which was known as the the people to go in there and make in­ desire. I did not know of the activities Jadwin plan. It becam~ my responsi­ vestments and thoroughly develop t.hem of the Senator from Idaho and my col­ bility, and I immediately became inter­ into their full economic strength. league from Washington. However, we ested in flood-control legislation. I Mr. President, that explains why I am are all trying to achieve the same end. sought assignment to the House Flood vitally interested in this character of I hope such an investigation as has been Control Committee, and was successful legislation and in appropriations for this proposed may b'e conducted. The facts in obtaining the assignment. There I purpose. As I learn about the possi­ have been very well presented by the served during the 4 years I was a Mem­ bilities of my own State in this particu­ Senator from Idaho and my colleague ber of the House of Representatives. lar area of progress, I also am able to from Washington. Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, will envision fairly well what such develop- · Mr. WELKER. Mr. President, being the .senator yield? ment means to other sections of our one of the authors of the resolution sent Mr. McCLELLAN. I am happy to country and what it means to the eco­ to the desk, I wish to state that we are yield to the distinguished Senator from nomic strength and power of our great delighted, thrilled, and honored to have Kansas. United States of America. the able help and association of the dis­ · Mr. CARLSON. The distinguished Mr. President, I have stood on this tinguished senior Senator from Wash­ Senator from Arkansas and I entered floor on more than one occasion and ington. We will gladly work, with him. the House of Representatives at the same talked about economy in Government. Mr. · CAIN. Mr. President, I should time. Both of us became members of I doubt if I need yield to any of my col­ like to say to my colleague that I take the Flood Control Committee. I am fa.,. leagues in respect to the depth of my it ·that all of us are in a:greement. We miliar with the. har.d work the Senator sincerity in what I have had to say a~out 9866 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-.. SENATE AUGUST 13 the necessity for economy in this Gov­ continue in the way that the State De- · opment, and to study such proposal:! on ernment. I grant to others· the same partment apparently intends to do-for that basis? As a shining example, we sincerity that I ascribe to myself. I be­ example, with the $25,000,000 which has have the allocation of $25,000,000 to lieve that practically every Member of been allocated to Iran and with the loans Iran probably without any hope of re­ this body, under the present fiscal which we make to Mexico for irrigation payment. That allocation is made in strain, is genuinely concerned about development and flood-control develop­ the hope of quieting the on· situation in economy and is trying to pursue sound ment thP.:t'e, without ·mentioning 8 or 10 Iran. Why should we spend $25,000,000 fiscal policies. other areas in foreign countries, with of our money in that way, and at the It is true that in our compelling neces­ which no doubt the Senator is just as same time support England in her posi­ sity to economize, we could refuse to familiar as I am? Does the distin­ tion? It seems to me a little queer, to make appropriations for any flood-con­ guished Senator from Arkansas con­ say the least, to have us do both of those trol works, for any river and harbor sider it necessary for us to examine and things. I do not understand that situa­ projects, for any development. of our consider our own resources and to treat tion. natural resources. By so domg, we our own country on a basis at least equal Does not the Senator from Arkansas could· eliminate all the items of this bill. to that on which we treat the other na­ think we should treat our own country I believe this bill calls for appropria­ tions of the world, in connection with on a basis at least equal to that on which tions totaling $637,000,000, and we could the spending of our own money for irri­ we treat foreign countries, in connection avoid all of that expenditure by simply gation, flood control, and power devel­ with the spending of our own money? refusing to vote for· any of the projects opment? Mr. McCLELLAN. I say to the Sen­ provided for in the bill. However, in Mr. McCLELLAN. Yes. I may say to ator that in my opinion the basis should that event, we would have to take losses, the Senator from Nevada that before I not be simply an equal one, but we should because certain contracts have been conclude, I intend to make a compari­ take care of our own people first. made. By following such a course, al­ son and to place in the RECORD some cal­ Mr. MALONE. I agree with the Sena­ though we seemingly would avoid the culations I have made, which clearly tor. expenditure of $637 ,000,000, neverthe­ indicate that even with the appropria­ Mr. McCLELLAN. I thank the Sena­ less we would incur substantial losses, tions made in this bill and those made tor from Nevada. probably equal to that amount or at in other measures already enacted at Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, wjll least equal to a considerable portion of this session and those carried in other the Senator yield? it by reason of discontinuing projects appropriation bills which will be en­ Mr. McCLELLAN. I yield. . which already are under construction acted-for instance, the appropriations Mr. ROBERTSON. ·without attempt­ and leaving exposed areas which will be for reclamat~on work, in connection with ing to debate the merits of the Marshall protected when the works provided for the Department of the Interior appro­ plan aid to Greece and Turkey or other in this appropriation bill are completed. priation bill-the total of such expendi­ foreign aid, is it not a fact that Con­ I do not believe anyone can success­ tures, including those. carried in this bill, gress can completely end such programs fully challenge the statement teat such is hardly a drop in the bucket as com­ whenever it sees flt to do so, whereas if a course would be the rankest sort of pared with the over-all expenditures we we leave in the pending appropriation false economy, Mr. President. To stop shall be called upon to make this year. bill all provisions for the commence­ such programs to stop developing any Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, will the ment of new projects, we shall be com­ of our resources which make cur Na­ Senator yield further? mitted to the expenditure of between tion stronger economically and afford Mr. McCLELLAN. I am glad to yield. $5,000,000,000 and $6,000,000,000; and protection to property and investments Mr. MALONE. I should like to ask if we accept the Missouri Valley pro­ and create a livelihood for our people the Senator about the following situa­ gram and all the other valley programs in the valleys, would simply be to turn tion: For 50 years our flood-control pol­ and the St. Lawrence seaway program, back the clock and stop progress and go icy has been to depend largely on the we shall add projects calling for an ad­ into reverse gear, so to speak. Thus, reports o~ the Army engineers, which ditional $25,000,000,000 or $50,000,000,- instead of strengthening our Nation, as are scrutinized carefully by the congres­ 000? In connection with all such pro­ will be done by continuing the con­ sional committees; and whenever the grams, is it not said that once we begin struction of these projects, the eco­ revenue from such projects is greater them, we c,annot stop them? nomic strength of our Nation would be than the cost, the difference is returned Mr. M~CLELLAN. Of course w~ weakened, and our military might and to the Treasury. I am sure that the Sen­ should not stop them once they are power would thus be impaired. ator from Arkansas agrees with me that started. Mr. President, it is not practical to in the· case of irrigation developments, Mr. -MCKELLAR. Oh, no, Mr. Presi­ follow such a course. It would be un­ it is necessary, whenever-following a dent, I do not think that can be said. wise to do so; it would be stupid to do so. proper investigation by the Department Mr. McCLELLAN. Let me ask the Therefore, as we approach the problem of the Interior-such a development is Senator from Tennessee why it cannot of making the necessary appropriations found to be feasible, to have the cost of lie said. · for carrying on this program and meet­ the project, without interest, repaid on Mr. McKELLAR. For instance, let us ing this problem, we approach it on the a definite amortization basis, whereas consider the four new projects provided basis of what we can afford to do, as in connection with power development for in the pending measure. This bill measured against what we cannot afford ill the main the policy has been to repay provides for only four new projects, and not to do; and in that process we have the cost to the United States Govern- only $35,000,000 is estimated for them. presented this bill, which lies somewhere ment with interest. · The total cost of those projects, when between the two extremes, and repre­ · In connection with following that they are completed, will amount to con­ sents as near a middle course as the long-established policy and developing siderably more than that, but nothing collective wisdom and judgment of the our own country along that line, does the like billions of dollars. In just a minute Appropriations Committee could find. Senator agree with me that it would be I shall give the Senator the exact :fig­ Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, will the well for the various committees of the ures. Senator yield? Senate, rather than the State Depart­ Mr. ROBERTSON. I can state the The PRESIDING OFFICER Virginia is mistaken about vada. World Bank program, or the ECA pro­ that. All the new projects call for just Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I should gram, or the Marshall plan, or any one a little more than $500,000,000. like to ask the Senator from Arkansas of a dozen other tricks to get money out Mr. ROBERTSON. I refer to the four whether he considers it more important of the United States Treasury, without big dams and the one floodway. We to develop the resources of our own repayment, would not it be better for us were told that they would cost $500,000,- country and to prevent floods which to proceed at least on the basis that is 000. - destroy life and property, rather than to used in connection with our own devel- Mr. MCKELLAR. Yes. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9867 Mr. ROBERTSON. Elimination of 000,000, to construct and to which we are When the final test comes, Mr. Presi­ them now would, it is true, save $28,500,- looking forward. dent, in my judgment, the determining 000, but that is only a beginning. Mr. McKEµ:.,AR. I ·think there are factor will be, How strong are we here Mr. McKELLAR. The Senator said quite that many more. in America? not How much money did $5,000,000,000. Mr. McCLELLAN. There are probably you give away to foreign countries? Mr ROBERTSON. No. more than that. Our strength here is going to determine Mr: McKELLAR. If the Senator will · Mr. President, while it has been said whether communism is to sweep the examine the RECORD, he will find that he on the floor this afternoon that we can­ world, or whether it is to fail in its final said that. not control floods on every little stream attack, in that supreme assault, w~en Mr. ROBERTSON. . Then it was a lap­ in the United States-with which I agree, it is made. Yes, I know we are spendmg sus linguae. I certainly intend.ed to say too-nevertheless I say that America will money in foreign countries. I have been $500,000,000. become · economically stronger and willing to spend part of it. I voted for a Mr. McKELLAR. The Senator, I take stronger and more productive as we con­ reduction in ECA funds every time I had it, admits that he said $5,000,000,00~. sider, initiate, and build projects. of this the opportunity, because, as has been Mr. ROBERTSON. But the proJects character which are worth while and suggested or implied here this after­ in the bill were between $5,000,000,000 which ar~ sound economically. Ameri­ noon, I think in that many instances we and $6,000,000,000; and the Senator from ca's strength will grow in proportion to spent $2 when $1 would have done the Virginia r~peats that statement. . . the speed with which we are able to job. I suppose we are not able to go Mr. MCKELLAR. The Senator IS mis­ carry forward this program and to de­ abroad to survey projects there as we do taken, and I merely· wanted to call at­ velop the great resources which are the projects .in America. They are not tention to the fact that the REco_RD latent in our waters and in our streams examined so carefully; but we spend the would not bear him out. The commit­ and in our valleys. money. I have been willing to do that, tee hearings would not bear him out. Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will and I am still willing to help to some The Senator did not hear the testimony. the Senator yield? extent. I am still willing to go along The Senator was present but about 15 Mr. McCLELLAN. I am very happy on helping to arm them. But I have minutes during the ~ntire time. to yield to the Senator from .Tennessee. about concluded that it is time to dis­ Mr. ROBERTSON. The Senator from Mr. McKELLAR. I agree 100 percent continue the economic aid that we have ·Tennessee is exaggerating. with the Senator. He is entirely cor­ been giving. The countries whom we Mr. McKELLAR. No; I am not exag­ rect. I know from the experience in my have aided now have greater productive gerating. The.Senator came to the com­ own State that the building of dams and capacity than they had before the be­ mittee room to talk about the . Buggs 'the use of cheap electricity have done ginning of World War II. If, after we -Island project for about 15 mmutes ~ more for farmers probably than for any have rehabilitated them to that extent,. then he came in after Buggs Island other class of people. They have done they cannot go forward, if that does not project had been inclu~ed, and he left more good, probably, than any other give them the necessary momentum to again in less·than 10 .mmutes. public project within the State. I would enable them to be self-sustaining, I do Mr. ROBERTSON. The Senator from a thousand times rather spend $622,- not know, Mr. President, but it would Virginia was there for a good many 000,000 in order to build big projects in seem to me that some have in mind such hours, until he gave up a~l hope of stop­ this country than to turn $8,500,000,000 a program should continue indefinitely, ping anything in the bill. After that over to someone, to be spent in countries and I know that would not be wise for he did not go any more. . in Europe or elsewhere, when we do not them nor for us. The econon:iic-aid Mr. MCKELLAR. The Senator IS op­ know how it is to be spent, and when program should end at some time. I posed to this bill now, and he h~s be~n there are no limitations whatsoever upon . think that time is about here. opposed to it all .the time. I advise him its spending. Mr. President, in that connection, I to vote against it. should like to refer to Senate bill 1762, Mr. McCLELLAN. I thank the Se~a­ Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, will tor, the able chairman of the Appropr1a:­ which I have before me. It is a bill to the Senator yieid? tions Committee. I want to pay this promote the foreign policy and provide Mr. McCL.ELLAN. I yield to the Sen- tribute to him, Mr. President, at. this for the defense and general welfare of ator' from Nevada. . time He was present at these hearmgs, the United States by furnishing assist­ Mr. MALONE. If the Senato! Wl~l ance to friendly nations in the interest permit me to make one observat1.on., it as I· recall, every minute of the time of international security. The bill is has been a little mysterious to the JUmor during that preiod of over 30 days that now before the Foreign Relations Com­ Senator from Nevada, during the four hearings were held, except for the few mittee, where hearings, I think, are now and a half years he has been a Member minutes he was absent one morning ~Y being held on it. · of to reason of a conference with the Presi­ the Senate, observe what a great dent at the White House. He conducted Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, will scare it throws into individual Senators the hearings in such a manner as to de­ the Senator yield for a question, before when $1,000,000,000 is mention~d in con­ he leaves the subject we were discussing, nection with flood control, rivers and velop as thoroughly as possible, on t~e relative to the new dams which are to be harbors, irrigation and reclamation, or basis of the available evidence, the m~r1t started, and which are authorized by power development in this country, or lack of merit of the requests which came before the committee. He worked this bill? . whereas $8,000,000,000 is taken for diligently. I was happy to serve with Mr. McCLELLAN. If the Senator will granted as hardly worth studying when wait a moment, until I give these figu~es, it is to go to foreign nations for the same him, because I feel that in ~his work we I shall then be glad to yield to him, purposes. are actually serving the Nat10n, when we examine the proposals thoroughly, and These figures will fit in with what we are Mr. McCLELLAN. That may be true. then even in a time of economic stress discussing. My position with reference to these p~oj­ Mr. McKELLAR. I am glad to w_ait .. ects is that, in the first place, no proJect such' as the present, submit recommen­ Mr. McCLELLAN. I find in this bill, should be started until it is thoroughly dations that money be spent to con­ s. 1762, authority to appropriate $1,675,- struct the projects. We do it because we surveyed and appraised as to its ec?­ 000,000 for assistance p~rsuant to ~he nomic value, and until its economic have examined them and have gone provisions of the Economic Cooperation value is weighed as against its cost; thoroughly into them and have found that their construction will not be an Act of 1948. . . that is, until there is a comparis.on be­ It authorizes $125,000,000 for econo~1c tween estimated benefits and estimated expense to the Government, in the aid and technical assistance to Af r1ca costs. Then, once it is determined that proper analysis, but an investm~nt in and the Near East. It authorizes $262,- it is sound economically, as fast as the property which will be productive of 500,000 for economic and technical as­ Government can afford to do .so without opportunities for livelihood for genera­ sistance in those portions of the Far East weakening its fiscal policy, the projects tions yet unborn, and which will in­ which the President deems to be n?t should be constructed. It does not at all crease the productive capacity of the under Communist control, and an addi­ frighten me to have someo~e say _that Nation and will help us meet the chal­ tional $22,000,000 is authorized for there are probably in America proJe?ts lenge when the day comes, when the technical assistance in the Western of this character which would reqmre dark hour is upon us, if another world Hemisphere. These sums so authorized an additional $10,000,000,000 or $15,000,- war should be inevitable. · total $2,197,000,000, which it is proposed 9868 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 13 we give away as economic aid and tech­ they produce. Taking it as a whole, economize without. econo.mic loss. nical assistance to foreign countries dur­ these projects will produce far more rev­ Where anything could -reasonably and ing this fiscal year. It is not military as­ enue in a reasonable period of time, say, properly be deferred we undertook to sistance. Proposed military assistance 20 or 25 years, than the initial cost of defer it. There are projects that ought in the bill runs to over $6,000,000,000. their construction amounts to. not, however, be deferred. ·We hear it But, Mr. President, I am able to identify As to the money that we are spending said, "Since the big 'flood occurred in in the bill $2,197,000,000 for economic abroad, Mr. President--and I am willing Kansas, since the great disaster which aid nonrelated to military assistance. that some of it be spent--we have no as­ came to that State"-and it was one of I am very happy to yield to the dis­ surance that it is making us any stronger the greatest disasters in the history of tinguished chairman of the Appropria­ to meet the great challenge that con­ the Country, Mr. President--"we should tions Committee, but I did want to get fronts us. I do know that when we build get busy and start building some proj­ those basic figures into the RECORD. a power dam that will protect the val­ ects in Kansas." I agree with that. Mr. McKELLAR. The Senator is ex­ ley below from floods which destroy There are, however, a dozen other places actly right. crops, property, and industry in that in the Nation today where similar dis­ I want the RECORD to show that the valley, it is strengthening America. I asters could occur by reason of the fact new projects authorized, on which we know that when we build such a project that we are moving so slowly with the will spend about $28,500,000 this year, and it produces 100,000 kilowatts of elec­ program of developing our water re­ are as follows: tricity, it is making America stronger. sources and building those protective Ice Harbor, lock and dam, in the State I know it is adding to our capital assets projects that serve to save life and pre­ of Washington, $95,899,000. and to our wealth, but I do not know vent tremendous loss of property. The Dalles, Oreg., lock and dam, that the $2,197,000,000 it is proposed we Mr. President, I just wonder how $326,366,000. spend abroad for economic aid to other much the great disaster in Kansas and Old Hickory, lock and dam, in Ten­ countries this year will make America Missouri has cost the Federal Govern­ nessee, $49,120,000. one ounce stronger economically or mil­ ment? We have already appropriated Gavins Point, Nebr., $44,900,000; mak­ itarily. I do know that when we spend some $25,000,000 for relief. The Gov­ ing a total of $516,285,000. the money here, it will make us stronger. ernment owned a warehouse in the The billions do not appear in those If we spend abroad what is proposed, flooded area in which it had stored figures at all. $2,197,000,000, and if we spend here only $5,000,000 worth of property. That Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, I what is proposed in this bill and what warehouse and its r.ontents were com­ want to make a comparison. We have we have already appropriated for recla­ pletely destroyed. The facilities that spent over $30,000,000,000, in the past mation, a total of $866,000,000 here at were destroyed there, for which the 5 years, for the assistance of nations home, we shall have spent only 39 per­ Government had already invested its abroad. I do not recall the exact figure, cent of what it is proposed we give away money, have to be replaced, and the but it exceeds $30,000,000,000. We are this year to foreign countries. In other cost of replacement will run into other proposing this year to spend approxi­ words, Mr. President, we are spending millions of dollars. mately eight and a half billion dollars. A more than $2.50 to build projects of this Then, Mr. President, we must take little over $6,000,000,000 of that is identi­ character in foreign countries, to make into consideration that practically every fied as military aid. But the $2,197 ,000,- them economically stronger, for every dollar's worth of property destroyed and 000 is not military aid; it is for economic dollar we are spending at home to make lost in that flood will be deductible on assistance, some of which will be spent America stronger by developing those income-tax returns. in those countries for constructing sim­ natural resources that give us greater Mr. President, the Federal Govern­ ilar projects to those contained in this economic strength and power. So, Mr. ment this year, in that one flood, has bill. How many such projects there are President, we could go on. I do not have lost half of what it would have cost in and how much of the money will be spent the exact figures, but based upon past Federal expenditures to have prevented for that purpose I do not know. It has appropriations we could take into ac­ the loss. Of course that does not take been estimated by the distinguished Sen­ count rivers and harbors and :flood con­ into account the rich topsoil that is gone ator from Illinois [Mr. DOUGLAS] in his trol; we could take into account recla­ fo:::."ever. remarks this afternoon that we will mation, to which I have already re­ There will be found in this bill an ap­ spend about $80,000,000,000 this year. ferred; we could add to that soil conser­ propriation of $4,100,000 for bank sta­ I think it will be more than that. From vation, forest preservation, Federal aid bilization on the Arkansas River. That what I can anticipate as a member of for roads. We could add them all to­ item came in as a late budget request. the Appropriations Committee, we will gether and they would all total less than The case for the item was made so appropriat~of course, it will not all )Je 2 cents out of each dollar we spend. strong that even the Bureau of the spent this year-something close to $90,- Mr. President, we are talking about Budget, after it had twice turned the 000,000,000. I could be wrong about economy. I too want to economize. I request down, after additional testi­ that, but the amount is somewhere be­ do not want to resort to false economy mony had been developed before the tween $80,000,000,000 and $100,000,000,- in order to make a little showing on committee, with a representative of the 000 that we shall appropriate. The paper. I know the chairman · of the Bureau of the Budget present, and after $637,000,000 in this bill for the construc­ committee and other members of the he had been urged to go back and have tion of flood control, river and harbor committee who are present will recall th~ Bureau of the Budget reconsider the projects, plus $229,000,000 in the In­ that as for my own State I wanted to matter, returned to the committee with terior Department appropriation bill for stay within the budget--and we have a budget request for the item. reclamation projects, makes a total of stayed within the budget. On one proj­ I may say, M.r. President, that I can $866,401,735 that we are appropriating ect that is in the course of construction def end before any jury or bar of econ­ this year, assuming this bill shall pass­ I urged that we try to go along with the omists every project that is in the $866 ,000 ,000 that we are appropriating House figures, and cut nearly $1,000,- appropriation bill for my State. There for the development of these great vital 000 from the budget estimate. It was ar- many other projects that are needed resources, for the maintenance of the at the insistence of the Corps of and await' construction. But I can say projects already constructed, and for the Engineers that we finally restored the that if the money asked for is not ex­ operation of such facilities. amount, because they said that an eco­ pended for river bank stabilization in Let us make a comparison, Mr. Presi­ nomic loss would result to the Govern­ Arkansas at the points for which it is dent. If we appropriate around $90,- ment if the amount were not restored, in allocated and directed by the bill to he 000,000,000 this year, $866,000,000-plus view of the contracts that had been let spent, a tragedy could occur, and occur is only .96 percent of the total expendi­ for the work to be done. soon, not to the same extent possibly tures we shall make. In other wo:r:ds, Mr. Mr. President, we have tried to econo­ that it ha.sin the more populated areas President, out of every dollar we shall mize. The attitude prevailed on the of Missouri and Kansas where the most spend this year, less than one penny of part of every member of the subcom­ recent tragedy struck, but a tragedy each dollar will be expended for the de­ mittee as it went through the appropria­ comparable thereto can easily occur in velopment of these great re$0urces which ·tion bill and during the course of the the city of Fort Smith, Ark., where the are self-liquidating. Many of them are hearings of trying to find every place Arkansas River, just over the Oklahoma self-liquidating because of the power possible where we could economize, and line, is threatenting to cut across to the

' 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 986~ Poteau River. Only one-half mile sepa­ Kansas City, Kans., and destroyed. That I know that the Government has an ob­ rates the two streams now. The Arkan­ was real pork. ligation with respect to some of them. sas River has already cut several miles Mr. McCLELLAN. It is very well to I know that to defer them would be un­ toward the Poteau River and only a have a park barrel if we have pork in wise. I know that when they are con­ half a mile strip of land is left there it. It is nice to have some pork. But we structed they are going to serve to between them. Disaster will be the will have an empty barrel if we fail to strengthen our national economy. Their price we shall surely pay for neglect. do .what is necessary to prevent such cost is small, while the need is great; and, The bill carries funds to prevent such :flood disasters as have been experienced . notwithstanding the pressure for econ­ a disaster. I do not believe any Senator . this year. The :floods have washed away omy, in my humble judgment, it could on the :floor, knowing the truth about much of our topsoil. The floods have easily be false economy from which our the matter, knowing the facts about the come in torren~'3 down the valleys, de­ Government and our people would sus­ situation. would dare say that that stroying life and property. The :floods tain substantial losses if those projects · money should be eliminated from the empty the barrel. were not constructed and this money bill. I maintain that every one of these were not expended for the development There are several other danger spots projects is actually self-liquidating. of the protective works which are needed. that require immediate attention along When we construct projects which are EDUCATIONAL AND PUBLIC SERVICF.S the Arkansas. We are appropriating self-liquidating, as certain communities OF TELEVISION for eight of them in this bill. or valleys are protected greater invest­ Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. President, will ments are made in them, more wealth is Mr. BENTON. Mr. President, on May the Senator yield? produced, and greater revenue comes 31 the senior Senator from Massachu­ Mr. McCLELLAN. I yield. into the Treasury. While it is an indi­ setts [Mr. SALTONSTALL]' the junior Sen­ Mr. SCHOEPPEL. What the distin­ rect process, every one of these projects ator from Wyoming CMr. HUNT], the guished Senator from Arkansas, who was is actually self-liquidating. junior Senator from Ohio EMr. BRICKER], a member of the subcommittee of the Someone sent me in a letter a few and I introduced a bill Massachusetts; and Washington, D. ·c. sory Board, as this bill envisages it, would New Jersey is to get none. I use these DEAR SENATOR BENTON: I have noted a good be composed of 11 outstanding private merely as examples. deal of confusion and misunderstanding in citizens, drawn from the fields of edu­ In conclusion I should like to read the press and in interested circles about the cation and communications and from three or four sentences from this re­ plan of the Board of Regents of the Univer­ among leaders in the civic, cultural, and sity of the State of New York to establish a markable letter from Mr. Fischer. He television network as an integral part of the religious life of the Nation, to be ap­ points out that-- educational system of the State. Because of pointed by the President and confirmed The (New York) Board of Regents ls a con­ the interest you have shown in the plan, it by the Senate. In an annual report to stitutional body charged by law with the may be helpful for me, as special counsel to Congress, to the Federal Communica­ general management and supervision of all the board of regents in connection with the tions Commission and to the public, the the educational work of the State, public matter, to outline the present status of its Board would review how radio and tele­ and private, and its plan to use television in proposed educational television network, and vision are serving the public interest, or education was devised pursuant to its stat­ in this fashion dissipate some of the confu­ are failing to serve it. This annual re­ utory duty to extend to the people at large sion about it. increased educational opportunities and fa­ As you know, the Federal Communications port would point up broadcasting's suc­ cilities and to stimulate interest therein. Commission has tentatively reserved eight cesses and failures. Most importantly, television-channels in the State of New York it would suggest how radio and TV could Mr. President, the New York Board of exclusively for noncommercial educational learn ·better to serve the public interest. Regents, according to Mr. Fischer, "has use, located one each in Buffalo, Rochester, The power to grant and withhold li­ funds invested in the physical plant of Syracuse, Utica, Albany, Ithaca, Bingham­ censes must of course remain untram­ the system for which it is responsible in ton, and New York City. In the location of melled in the Federal Communications excess of $2,000,000,000. In the year these reserved channels, the Commission used admirable judgment, and the board of Commission. However, the FCC has ending June 30 approximately $550,000,­ regents fully supports the Commission in neither the time nor the authority ac­ ooo was spent under the direction of this this respect. tively to seek out, or to help marshal or board by the public school system of New On the other hand, the board of regents has crystallize public opinion. Nor does it York State alone, exclusive of construc­ determined after study and will demonstrate claim to have competence in education. tion funds received from bond sales and to the Commission in the course of the cur­ During its existence it has brought out certificates of indebtedness." rent hearings that an educational television only one general critique of broadcast­ Mr. President, only 6 States in the network adequate to tap properly the educa­ ing, the famed Blue Book of 1946, which, United States and only one city-New tional programing sources and to provide the benefits of educational television e~ui­ though it was mild enough, stirred up York City-have budgets greater than tably throughout the State will require tliree great controversy. the ·sum which was spent by the New additional channels, one each in Poughkeep­ Some argued that the bluebook was a York Board of Regents for public educa­ sie and in the north country, and a second step which could lead ultimately toward tion in New York State. I emphasize channel in the New York City metropolitan 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9871 area and, further, that it is feasibly within of costs of construction and operation has sia. The exact number that he personally the framework of the Commission's alloca­ been made and without anticipating the de­ brought into Government is not fully known tion plan to provide these additional outlets. tailed information which will be supplied to at this time. No wonder he squeals and The 11 channels involved in the plan of the Commission it can be st1:1.ted that the cost screams in panic as the McCarran committee the board of regents have been conservatively of the physical plant of the proposed tele­ starts to uncover some of them. estimated to include within their coverage vision network and its operation will be in­ Lucky for this country that Connecticut's areas over 90 percent of the population of significant in relation to the investment in mental midget doesn't run the Senate. BEN­ the State-almost 13,500,000 people. the education system of the State and the TON will learn that people of Connecticut Some of the current confusion about the annual cost of maintaining it. do not like communism and crooks in Gov­ plan of the board of regents stems from a Further, the plan of the board of regents ernment any more than the people of Mary­ recent report in Broadcasting magazine that envisages that the programing of the tele­ land like them. the plan had been scaled down to involve vision stations will be primarily the respon­ The campaign in Maryland exposes the only three channels. This report in unfor­ sibility of the more than 8,000 educational whitewash of Communists in Government. tunately erroneous. The proposal of the institutions in the system which have al­ If that was wrong, then the district attorney board of regents contemplates the fuJ.1. use of most unlimited resources for the develop­ and not the criminal should be blamed when­ 11 television channels and the case which will ment of worth-while educational progrrun­ ever t:Qe district attorney exposes graft, cor­ be presented to the Commission in detail will ing designed to enrich the offerings in ele-· ruption, and dishonesty. be in support of this proposal. mentary and secondary schools, to expand Some additional confusion about the plan adult education and to encourage the cul­ Mr. President, I shall not now directly of the board of regents seems to stem from a tural interests of the people of the State. comment on this statement, as such. I general lack of understanding of the unique The plan envisages further the setting up refused comment at the time. I expect character of the educational system of the of local councils made up of representatives to continue to refuse it. State and the position of the Board of Re­ of the colleges, universities, the private and Last week, on a television program, the gents of the University of the State of New public schools, the libraries and museums, junior Senator from Wisconsin was York in relation to all public and private and all other agencies that would be largely asked whether he intended to go into educational institutions in the State, rang­ responsible for the planning of the local or ing from kindergartens ·through universities, a:--ea television programs, in order to insure the political campaigns in other States postgraduate schools, museums, and libraries. the continuous development of programs to than his own during next year's elec­ The board of regents ls a constitutional meet the educational needs of the area. The tions, and specifically whether he in­ body charged by law with the general man­ State education department will assist these tended to go into Connecticut. He re­ agement and supervision of all the educa­ area councils in planning State-wide pro­ plied that he would ·go into any State tional work of the State, public, and private, grams, will arrange for kinescope recordings where he thought he could do good. I and its plan to use television in education and motion-picture programs of interest to herewith invite him to come into Con­ was devised pursuant to its statutory duty ' all sections of the State, will integrate pro­ necticut again, as he did three times last "to extend to the people at large increased grams to supplement the courses of study fall during the campaign. The people educational opportunities and facilities" and in the schools and will provide a staff to "to stimulate interest therein." The board advise with and serve the local councils in of my State know right from wrong, consists of 13 members; one regent is elected · the coordination of the programing of all the They are politically literate. Further, each year for a term of 13 years by a ballot stations. Dr. Wilson has already held exten­ they have strong stomachs. of the two houses of the legislature meeting siva conferences throughout the State with Last fall the junior Senator from Wis­ in joint session. Membership is honorary; representatives of public and private educa­ consin divorced himself from Maryland members receive no compensation other than tional institutions looking toward the organ­ long enough to come into New Haven, traveling expenses. The board manages the ization of the local programing councils un­ Hartford, and Bridgeport. On those affairs of higher education in the State der the plan. The support indicated at these through the University of the State of New conferences and the general support of the three trips he denounced my senior col­ York. Every public and private organiza­ press throughout the State has been grati­ league and myself. I may say that I tion of higher education, library, and mu­ fying. attribute my own victory in part to his seum in the State is by statute a.n institution I will be glad to give you any additional visits to Connecticut. of the University of the State of New York. information about the matter that will be When his appearance was announced The board manages the affairs of the public helpful to you in eliminating doubt as to for New Haven, I called on the people schools and all other educational work of the status of the plan of the board of regents. of New Haven to boycott the meeting the State through the State education de­ Very truly yours, and to stay away from the hall, which partment, of which it is the statutory head. HENRY G. FisCHER. The president of the University of the State seats 6,000 persons. To the everlasting of New York and the commissioner of edu­ REPLY TO SENATOR McCARTHY credit of the people of New Haven only cation, Dr. Lewis A. Wilson, is the executive Mr. BENTON. Mr. President, before 376 people showed up to listen to him. officer of the board of regents, is appointed I yield the floor, I shoulq like to read Furthermore, as I jestingly told the peo­ by it and serves at its pleasure. The chan­ a. statement issued to the press last week ple of Connecticut the next day, 100 of celor of the board of regents is John P. those 376 people were good Democrats­ Myers; the special committee on· television by one of our colleagues in the Senate. in education consists of Regent Jacob L. I know about rule XIX, and have had I claimed they were my Democratic Boltzmann, chairman, Regent Roger W! personal experience with it, but I sub­ spies-so, I contended, that left a net Straus, and Vice Chancelor Edward R. East­ mit that it does not cover the remarks audience of only 276. man. a. Senator makes about himself. The By the time the junior Senator from The system of public and private education remarks I am about to make apply di­ Wisconsin got to Bridgeport, he was in a within the jurisdiction and subject to the rectly to myself because they were made room not much larger than the corner general supervision of the board of reg_ents about me. of the Senate floor, and his audience in the year 1949-50 included 126 institutions Mr. President, the following statement totaled only 200 persons. I think it may of higher education with an enrollment of interest those who have not attended over 270,000, 1,189 secondary schools with was issued to the press last Monday, an enrollment of over 615,000, 6,092 elemen­ a week ago today, by the junior Senator these meetings to know how they are tary schools with an enrollment of over from Wisconsin [Mr. McCARTHY] : conducted. I sent my four children to 2,350,000, 640 libraries, 60 museums, and 140 I am sure that Owen Lattimore and all ·that meeting, and they took six of their historical societies. The funds invested in the Alger Hisses and William Remingtons friends. They described the meeting in the physical plant of this system exceed still in Government will agree with BENTON'S detail on their return home. Of course, $2,000,000,000. In the year ending June 30, resolution. Tonight BENTON has established I was glad to tell the State that I had 1950, approximately $550,000,000 was spent by himself as the hero of every Communist and privately and personally contributed 5 the public-school system alone, exclusive of crook in and out of Government. percent of that particular audience. construction funds received from bond sales BENTON today has performed the important and certificates of indebtedness. In that service of helping the people label the ad­ These meetings open with a couple of year, the State aid for public schools ministration branch of the Democratic Party Marines in full uniform and with the amounted to approximately $236,000,000, and as the party which stands for Government playing of the Marine song, "The Halls of the State aid for adult education amounted of, by, and for communism, crooks, and Montezuma," while the audience stands to about $2,300,000. • cronies. at attention. Then the audience is called In the light of the unique nature of this I can· the attention of all honest loyal upon to repeat in unison the oath of educational system, its scope, and the quality Democrats to how men of little minds are allegiance to the :flag. It is against that and independence of those charged with its destroying the once great party. management, much of the conjecture and While BENTON was Assistant Secretary of kind of background that these meetings confusion about the television plan of the State, he worked hand in glove with the are held. board of regents, particula1·1y in relation to Communist clique who have been so bad for Mr. President, I won by only 1,102 costs and operation, is dissipated. A study America and so good for Communist Rus- votes, and I again suggest that it may 9872 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE AUGUST 13 well be that the presence in Connecticut proposal, made the same day, that Senator tion ·of Senatorial immunity to slander, of the junior Senator from Wisconsin · JosEPH R. McCARTHY, of Wisconsin, resign _abuse; and vilify. was the decisive factor. · or be investigated with a view to expelling Senator BENTON got only a modified Mc­ him from the Senate. CARTHY treatment during last fall's cam­ At this point I should like to read a As Senator BENTON remarked, there is paign. He now has laid himself open to the paragraph from an editorial appearing little in Senator McCARTHY'S record to in­ works. in last Wednesday's issue of the Hartford dicate he will resign. And this despite for­ But somebody had to boldly initiate the Courant, a stanchly Republican news­ mal disclosure of his part in the dirty work distasteful job of putting McCARTHY in his paper: in the 1950 Butler-Tydings campaign in place, which is certainly not in the United Senator McCARTHY'S reply to the Benton Maryland. Nor, unhappily, is there much States Senate. We are glad that Senator resolution was typical. It ignored completely in the long history of the Senate to arouse BENTON started it, and hope the rest of the its factual basis, and sought to smother it in hope that Senator McCARTHY will even be Senate has the courage to finish it. investigated, let alone expelled. Most likely a smokescreen of name-calling. The Senate Mr. BENTON. Mr. President, I think ·subcommittee that investigated the Mary- Senator BENTON'S resolutior. will just gather land campaign as a byproduct indicted Sen- ·dust in the files of the Rules Committee. the Senate will be interested in my mail ator McCARTHY for- · But that does not change the fact that on this resolutfon of mine. Last year, political life in this country would be when I took the floor in my distress over Mr. President, I now omit the next two healthier were Mr. McCARTHY to leave it. the reckless charges of the junior Sen­ lines of the editorial, in order to make The moral swamp on the administration ator from Wisconsin, in my first speech sure that I am not interrupted by being side in Washington is smelly enough, with­ · on the floor of the Senate, I said that, called to order. I shall place the re­ out the different but equally unclean polit­ ical morals of Wisconsin's junior Senator on whether he realized it or not, consciously sponsibility for those words wholly on the Republican side. or unconsciously, he adopted and fol­ the Hartford Courant, and anyone who is Senator McCARTHY'S reply to the Benton lowed the techniques of the Soviet prop­ interested can readily look up the edi­ resolution was typical. It ignored com­ agandists, with which .I am so familiar; torial. pletely its factual basis, and S"Ught to because I was responsible for studying The editorial then continues as fol­ smother it in a smokescreen of name calling. them. Yes, I devoted almost 3 years to • '1ows: The Senate subcommittee that investigated studying the terrifying tactics and tech­ Republicans on the su')committee joined the Maryland campaign as a byproduct in­ niques of the Soviet propagandists: . In their Democratic colleagues in con­ dicted Senator McCARTHY for his dirty work, ·which included plain lying through a de­ that first speech of almost 18 months demning this. But not one word about their ago·, I used the· phrase "hit and run unanimous report appears in Senator Mc­ liberately faked photo~raph. Republicans CARTHY'S reply-perhaps because there was on the subcommittee joined their Demo­ propagandist," and suggested that, nothing he could say in defense of what he cratic colleagues in condemning this: But whether he knew it or not, the junior had done. Instead he sought to distract at­ not one word about their unan.imous report Senator from Wisconsin was a "hit and tention by calling Senator BENTON "Con­ appears in Senator McCARTHY'S reply-per­ run propagandist" of the Soviet type. necticut's mental midget," adding that he haps because there was nothing he could say I pointed out that he hits and he runs, had "established himself as the hero of every in defense of what he had done. Instead he and he does · not answer, he does not Communist and crook in and out of Govern­ sought to distract atte11tion by calling Sen­ face up to the charges. ment." ator BENTON "Connecticu~·s mental midget,'~ 'adding that he had "established himself as Mr. President, from this statement, Mr. President, no"' I should like to ·a hero of every Communist and crook in he issued about me you would think the read a paragraph from an editorial ap­ and out of Government." Maryland report was written about me. pearing in the Sunday issue of the This is remarkably similar· to a Soviet You would think that it was I who was Bridgeport Herald. I read these edito­ propaganda technique, as happened to be the central figure in the indictment in rials in order further to show not ·only demonstrated on the same day. A month the Maryland·report. ago President Truman sent t_o Nikolai Shver­ how the people of my State reacted dur­ nik, nominal head of the Soviet Union, the My mail at the time of this first speech ing the election campaign last fall, but McM::ihon"-Ribicoff resolution of friendship ·ran 8, 9 or 10 to 1 critical of my state­ also how the~r react right -now. for the Russian people, asking that it be ments· about the junior Senator from Mr. President, I hope these two illus­ ·passed-on to them. Not until Monday did Wtsconsin. ·Today my mail is Tunning trations may give some of my colleagues Moscow reply. And only thereafter were the very very differently. I have received greater courage in·facing up to this issue, American ·statements published-together ·roughly 400 ·letters of congratulations, which is one of the most important is­ · with a phony peace proposal, hatched in the most laudatory letters I have ever secret in the Kremlin to smot;t:let w:hat this ·received in my 51 years of life; and I do sues of our time. The Bridgeport Her­ country had to say to the Russian people. ald said: There does remain one slow but sure way not deserve them, I may say, even The effect of our Senator WILLIAM BEN­ to take care of Senator McCARTHY. The rem­ though I welcome them and thank these TON'S demand that Senator JosEPH R. edy lies in the hands of Wisconsin's people, 400 people who have written me such en­ McCARTHY resign or be expelled from the who sent him to the Senate in 1946 before thusiastic letters. l have only received Senate, is to bring to public attention a he had demonstrated his habit of mixing 270 letters of censure, many of them report on "Red-eye" Joe's activities . that falsehood with truth and passing them off as unsigned, including scores of postcards might otherwise have gone unnoticed. one and the same thing. When he runs for bearing no signature-crank letters, the Had not BENTON cited the report by an reelection in the fall of 1952, they can re­ investigating subcommittee of the Commit­ turn him to the obscurity whence he came. kind of letters with which all of us are tee on Rules, few would have become aware familiar. Of this 270, almost 100 are that McCARTHY ·was sharply censured for his unsigned postcards. I have even had part in winning the 1950 senatorial election [From the Bridgeport (Conn.) Herald] the unique experience, for me at least, in Maryland for newcomer JOHN M. BUTLER." BENTON VERSUS MCCARTHY · of receiving an unsolicited contribution, The effect Of our Senator WILLIAM BEN­ in one of the letters, a $5 bill. These are the first two Connecticut TOW's demand that Senator JosEPH R. Mc­ Mr. President, I submit this brief re­ editorials I have seen regarding my res­ CARTHY resign or be expelled from the Sen­ port today as a follow up on the reso­ olution calling for the expulsion of the ate, is t o bring to public attention a report lution which I submitted to the Senate junior Senator from Wisconsin from the on "Red-eye" Joe's activities that might a week ago today, and as a preliminary Senate. I submit the full text for the otherwise have gone unnoticed. Had not BENTON cited the report by an to the report which this body will re­ RECORD, subject to such deletions as ceive from the Committee on Rules and those who edit the RECORD think may be investigating subcommittee of the Commit­ tee on Rules, few would have become aware Administration, I think, within the next suitable in line with the rules which that MCCARTHY was sharply censured for his week. The committee, last Wednesday, prevail in the Senate. part in winning the 1950 senatorial election voted to submit the report of the sub­ There being no Qbj'ection, the edito­ in Maryland for newcomer JOHN M. BUTLER. committee on the Maryland campaign rials were ordered to be printed in the Without the Connecticut Senator's action, after a 10-day delay. RECORD, as follows: the subcommittee's report might well have AMERICA'S HOUR OF DECISION [From the Hartford (Conn.) Courant of been kicked around until it got lost. It has August 8, 1951) no_t yet been accepted either by the full coin­ mittee, of which Senator BENTON is a mem­ Mr. HILL. Mr. President, the future THE CURE FOR McCARTHYISM ber, or by the Senate. of America is today being debated As noted elsewhere in these columns to­ A full investigation of McCARTHY and the throughout the land. The question is day, Senator BENTON is way off base in want­ smears and sneers he uses in his capacity whether we shall have substantially ing to liquidate foot ball P. t West Point and as GOP hatchet man, has long been overdue. more military power. than the programs Annapolis. But he was right on base in his He should not be allowed to use the protec- now planned for this fiscal year. The 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9873 fate of the Nation may well rest upon minds to proceed with a surprise attack, the RECORD at the conclusion of my the wisdom of our decision, and ft is and, as we· might express it in common remarks. not an easy decision. On the one hand, parlance, to throw at us everything they The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without we have to guard against a growing in· possessed in the way of air power. I objection, it is so ordered. flation in our country, and on the other wish to thank the Senator for his con· London-against The motion was agreed to· and (at 5 and ls subjected to beatings, druggings, the Axis and later· Communist depredations and sleepless hours of repetitious question­ by the pillaging Partisans of the Communist o'clock and 8 minutes p. m.) 'the Senate ing designed to break his will, his morale, terrorist Tito. Acheson, then as now, wa.s took a recess until tomorrow, Tuesday, his health, and elicit the usual "confession" aware that the State Department, the OWI August 14, 1951, at 12 o'clock meridian. of espionage, sabotage, and acts against the and OSS, were honeycombed with Com­ C~ch Communist Government and the munist aRd pro~Soviet employees. Soviet Union. Dean Gooderham Acheson, at the end of NOMINATIONS This correspondent is personally familiar the 45-minute conference, firmly assured this Executive nominations received by the with the efforts and intervention of Secre­ correspondent, David Martin, and the desig­ Senate August 13